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23 results on '"French Office for Biodiversity"'

1. Wireworm management in conservation agriculture

Author: Ronan Le Cointe, Manuel Plantegenest, Sylvain Poggi, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and French Office for Biodiversity for funding the STARTAUP project ('Design of alternative strategies for controlling wireworm damage in maize crops
Subjects: Ecology, Wireworms, Cover crops, Insect Science, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Integrated pest management, Conservation Agriculture, Agronomy and Crop Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Agriotes lineatus, Tillage
Abstract: International audience; Conservation Agriculture (CA), which combines three principles (1) limitation of soil disturbance, (2) its permanent cover and (3) crop diversification, is growing worldwide as a low-input system. By limiting soil disturbance, this farming system provides favourable conditions for the development of soil-dwelling organisms including insect pests. Despite potentially high wireworm densities in CA systems, economic damage to maize crop is rarely observed. In this study, we investigated the long-term influence of three tillage practices of decreasing intensity (mouldboard ploughing (MP), surface tillage (ST) and no-tillage (NT)) on wireworm density to confirm that reducing tillage intensity does increase wireworm density. In addition, we hypothesised that the presence of crop residues can limit damage caused by wireworms by diverting them from the main crop and altering their feeding behaviour. Accordingly, we examined whether covering the soil with a mulch at sowing date or leaving below-ground residues of a cover crop grown before maize sowing can limit wireworm damage on maize compared to leaving the soil bare. This study, using CA systems as a case study, improves our understanding of how cover crop management can help reducing wireworm damage for the following crop and illustrates the interest of manipulating pest feeding behaviour to design promising strategies of Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
Published: 2023
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2. Main conclusions and perspectives from the collective scientific assessment of the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories

Author: Stéphane Pesce, Laure Mamy, Wilfried Sanchez, Marcel Amichot, Joan Artigas, Stéphanie Aviron, Carole Barthélémy, Rémy Beaudouin, Carole Bedos, Annette Bérard, Philippe Berny, Cédric Bertrand, Colette Bertrand, Stéphane Betoulle, Eve Bureau-Point, Sandrine Charles, Arnaud Chaumot, Bruno Chauvel, Michael Coeurdassier, Marie-France Corio-Costet, Marie-Agnès Coutellec, Olivier Crouzet, Isabelle Doussan, Juliette Faburé, Clémentine Fritsch, Nicola Gallai, Patrice Gonzalez, Véronique Gouy, Mickael Hedde, Alexandra Langlais, Fabrice Le Bellec, Christophe Leboulanger, Christelle Margoum, Fabrice Martin-Laurent, Rémi Mongruel, Soizic Morin, Christian Mougin, Dominique Munaron, Sylvie Nélieu, Céline Pelosi, Magali Rault, Sergi Sabater, Sabine Stachowski-Haberkorn, Elliott Sucré, Marielle Thomas, Julien Tournebize, Sophie Leenhardt, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Centre Norbert Elias (CNELIAS), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation et écotoxicologie prédictives, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), MARine Biodiversity Exploitation and Conservation (UMR MARBEC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Laboratoire Population-Environnement-Développement (LPED), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Cellules Environnement - UR (ICE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiques (SEBIO), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université Le Havre Normandie (ULH), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-SFR Condorcet, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Dijon, Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamique et durabilité des écosystèmes : de la source à l’océan (DECOD), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Groupe de Recherche en Droit, Economie et Gestion (GREDEG), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire d'Etude et de Recherche sur l'Economie, les Politiques et les Systèmes Sociaux (LEREPS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Toulouse-École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut de l'Ouest : Droit et Europe (IODE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes aquatiques et changements globaux (UR EABX), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitat de Girona (UdG), Physiologie et Toxines des Microalgues Toxiques et Nuisibles (PHYTOX), Centre Universitaire de Formation et de Recherche de Mayotte (CUFR), Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes, and French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) through the national ECOPHYTO plan
Subjects: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biocontrol, General Medicine, Expertise, Environment, Ecotoxicology, Pollution, Modelling, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental Chemistry, Pesticides, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Ecological risk assessment
Abstract: International audience; Preservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services is critical for sustainable development and human well-being. However, an unprecedented erosion of biodiversity is observed and the use of plant protection products (PPP) has been identified as one of its main causes. In this context, at the request of the French Ministries responsible for the Environment, for Agriculture and for Research, a panel of 46 scientific experts ran a nearly 2-year-long (2020-2022) collective scientific assessment (CSA) of international scientific knowledge relating to the impacts of PPP on biodiversity and ecosystem services. The scope of this CSA covered the terrestrial, atmospheric, freshwater, and marine environments (with the exception of groundwater) in their continuity from the site of PPP application to the ocean, in France and French overseas territories, based on international knowledge produced on or transposable to this type of context (climate, PPP used, biodiversity present, etc.). Here, we provide a brief summary of the CSA's main conclusions, which were drawn from about 4500 international publications. Our analysis finds that PPP contaminate all environmental matrices, including biota, and cause direct and indirect ecotoxicological effects that unequivocally contribute to the decline of certain biological groups and alter certain ecosystem functions and services. Levers for action to limit PPP-driven pollution and effects on environmental compartments include local measures from plot to landscape scales and regulatory improvements. However, there are still significant gaps in knowledge regarding environmental contamination by PPPs and its effect on biodiversity and ecosystem functions and services. Perspectives and research needs are proposed to address these gaps.
Published: 2023
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3. What are the toxicity thresholds of chemical pollutants for tropical reef-building corals? A systematic review

Author: Dakis-Yaoba Ouédraogo, Hugo Mell, Olivier Perceval, Karen Burga, Isabelle Domart-Coulon, Laetitia Hédouin, Mathilde Delaunay, Mireille M. M. Guillaume, Magalie Castelin, Christophe Calvayrac, Odile Kerkhof, Romain Sordello, Yorick Reyjol, Christine Ferrier-Pagès, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement (BAE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes (LBBM), PIERRE FABRE-EDF (EDF)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), and This work was funded by the French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) and the French National Museum of Natural History (MNHN).
Subjects: No observed effect concentration, Contamination, Ecology, Hermatypic, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Hazard assessment, Scleractinian, Toxicity endpoints, Pollution
Abstract: Background Tropical coral reefs cover only ca. 0.1% of the Earth’s surface but harbour exceptional marine biodiversity and provide vital ecosystem services to millions of people living nearby. They are currently threatened by global (e.g. climate change) and local (e.g. chemical pollution) stressors that interact in multiple ways. While global stressors cannot be mitigated by local actions alone, local stressors can be reduced through ecosystem management. Here, we aimed to systematically review experimental studies assessing the toxicity of chemical pollutants to tropical reef-building corals to generate accessible and usable knowledge and data that can be used to calculate measurement endpoints in ecological risk assessment. From the quantitative estimates of effects, we determined toxicity thresholds as the highest exposures tested at which no statistically significant adverse effects were observed, and we compared them to regulatory predicted no effect concentrations for the protection of marine organisms, to assess whether these reference values are indeed protective of corals. Methods The evidence was taken from a systematic map of the impacts of chemicals arising from human activity on tropical reef-building corals published in 2021. All studies in the map database corresponding to the knowledge cluster “Evidence on the ecotoxicological effects of chemicals on corals” were selected. To identify subsequently published literature, the search was updated using a subset of the search string used for the systematic map. Titles, abstracts and full-texts were screened according to the criteria defining the selected cluster of the map. Because the eligibility criteria for the systematic review are narrower than the criteria used to define the cluster in the systematic map, additional screening was performed. Studies included were critically appraised and each study was rated as low, unclear, medium, or high risk of bias. Data were extracted from the studies and synthesised according to a strategy dependent on the type of exposure and outcome. Review findings The systematic review reports the known effects of chemical exposures on corals from 847 studies corresponding to 181 articles. A total of 697 studies (161 articles) were included in the quantitative synthesis and 150 studies (50 articles) in the narrative synthesis of the findings. The quantitative synthesis records the effects of 2706 exposure concentrations-durations of 164 chemicals or mixtures of chemicals, and identifies 105 toxicity thresholds corresponding to 56 chemicals or mixtures of chemicals. When toxicity thresholds were compared to reference values set for the protection of marine organisms by environmental agencies, the reference values appear to be protective of corals for all but three chemicals assessed: the metal copper and the pesticides diuron and irgarol 1051. Conclusions This open-access database of known ecotoxicological effects of chemical exposures on corals can assist managers in the ecological risk assessment of chemicals, by allowing easy determination of various ecotoxicological thresholds. Several limitations of the toxicity tests synthesised here were noted (in particular the lack of measurement of effective concentrations for more than half of the studies). Overall, most of the currently available data on coral toxicity should be replicated independently and extended to corals from less studied geographical regions and functional groups.
Published: 2023
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4. Evaluating the impact of direct sales on farms’ sustainability: a comparison of metropolitan and overseas France

Author: Camille Luis, Magali Aubert, Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), SOUtenabilité et RésilienCE (SOURCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Montpellier Interdisciplinary center on Sustainable Agri-food systems (Social and nutritional sciences) (UMR MoISA), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and French Office for Biodiversity
Subjects: Island economies, E70 - Commerce, commercialisation et distribution, Exploitation maraîchère, Propensity score matching, IDEA method, Innovation, Durabilité, E10 - Économie et politique agricoles, Vente directe, Évaluation de l'impact, Économie agricole, General Medicine, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Gestion de l'exploitation agricole, E20 - Organisation, administration et gestion des entreprises ou exploitations agricoles, Difference-indifferences, Direct sales, Système d'exploitation agricole
Abstract: International audience; In the face of growing demand for local products, farmers are developing direct sales. Our research examines the impact of this strategy on farms' sustainability. Focusing on the market gardening sector, we compare metropolitan France and its overseas departments: Martinique, Guadeloupe and Reunion. These insular economies must meet national and European requirements for healthy and local production while complying with specific organizational and geographic conditions. If direct selling is considered an innovation, we first identify the factors, such as characteristics of farmers and their farm, determining its adoption. While establishing the link between such an innovation and performance, we study the impact of direct sales on farms' sustainability, inspired by the IDEA method. We use representative farm data from 2010 and 2016 and perform a propensity score matching coupled with a difference-indifference analysis. While the impact of direct sales on sustainability is effective in metropolitan France, more nuanced results are observed in insular economies. Whatever the location, direct sales provide a response to consumers' expectations in terms of product diversification. While direct sales are initially associated with product processing and tourism, these activities are gradually abandoned, in particular because of the skills necessary to their realization. In metropolitan France, direct selling modifies the relationship with certifications by developing organic production to the detriment of other types of certification. It is also accompanied by output and employment growth. Our results question the role that the environment in which farmers evolve plays in the sustainability dynamics of farms in island economies.
Published: 2023
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5. A fully automated and generic spatial discretization procedure for cultivated landscapes with human-made landscape elements

Author: Philippe Lagacherie, Cécile Dagès, Ekatarina Zadonina, Jean Christophe Fabre, Jérôme Molénat, Hervé Squividant, Bruce Thomas, Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, and This project was granted by OFB (French Office of Biodiversity) projects 'BV Service' and 'Retenues'.
Subjects: shydrology, Atmospheric Science, spatial modeling, sensitivity analysis, connectivity, geomatic, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], agricultural catchment, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Civil and Structural Engineering, Water Science and Technology
Abstract: Landscape discretization is an essential hydrological modeling pre-processing step that comprises the numerical representation of different geographical objects considered in the modeling process and the connections between these objects within a graph structure. GROOV'Scape is a new landscape discretization procedure that (i) produces an oriented tree of a wide range of human-made landscape elements, such as plots, hedges, benches, grass stripes, and ditches, (ii) is fully automated to avoid local drainage anomalies that require user corrections, and (iii) is fast enough to enable sensitivity analysis and the interactive production of mediated modeling landscape management scenarios. GROOV'Scape was tested on a small agricultural catchment in south-west France (Doazit catchment, 9.05 km2). The results show good agreement between the connections of areal units computed by GROOV'Scape and those observed in the field. The system exhibited substantial sensitivity to the user's choice of minimum area unit size and of digital elevation model (DEM) resolution, suggesting trial-and-error approaches are needed to reach the best landscape discretization for any given modeling purpose. Finally, we demonstrated the feasibility of using GROOV'Scape to find an optimum configuration of an infrastructure network with respect to a given ecosystem function.
Published: 2022
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6. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface sediments: Occurrence, patterns, spatial distribution and contribution of unattributed precursors in French aquatic environments

Author: Macorps, Nicolas, Labadie, Pierre, Lestremau, François, Assoumani, Azziz, Budzinski, Hélène, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques (INERIS), IMT Mines Alès - ERT (ERT), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hydrosciences Montpellier (HSM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Sediment sampleswere provided by the 2018 national prospective campaign on emerging contaminants supervised by OFB (French Office of Biodiversity).This study has been carried out with financial support from the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the Investments for the Future Programme, within the Cluster of Excellence COTE (ANR-10-LABX-45). CPER A2E (Aquitaine region), E3A (Aquitaine region) and FEDER ('Europe is moving in Aquitaine with the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)') are also acknowledged for funding. PFAS analyses were performed using the technical facilities from the PLATINE mass spectrometry platform at UMR 5805 EPOC. We are grateful to A. Coynel (UMR 5805 EPOC) who supplied sediment characteristics data., and ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010)
Subjects: Emerging contaminants, Environmental Engineering, Hierarchical cluster analysis, PFAS, Environmental Chemistry, Sediment, TOP assay, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, Pollution, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract: International audience; While perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acids (PFSAs) and perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments, non-targeted methods have recently revealed the presence of numerous unidentified per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Besides those methods, the total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay has proved useful to estimate the contribution of unattributed perfluoroalkyl acids precursors (pre-PFAAs). In this study, an optimized extraction method was developed to examine the spatial distribution of 36 targeted PFAS in surface sediments collected at French nationwide scale (n = 43), including neutral, anionic and zwitterionic molecules. In addition, a TOP assay procedure was implemented to estimate the contribution of unattributed pre-PFAAs in these samples. Conversion yields of targeted pre-PFAAs were determined for the first time under realistic conditions and led to differences in oxidation profiles compared to the common spiked ultra-pure water method. PFAS were detected in 86 % of samples and ∑PFAStargeted was in the range
Published: 2023
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7. Examining Phenotypic Traits Contributing to the Spread in Northern European Potato Crops of EU_41_A2, a New Clonal Lineage of Phytophthora infestans

Author: Håvard Eikemo, Romain Mabon, Pauline Dewaegeneire, Guillaume Saubeau, David E. L. Cooke, Britt Puidet, M. Guibert, Frédérique Aurousseau, Alison K. Lees, Isaac Kwesi Abuley, Catherine Chatot, Liina Soonvald, Jens Grønbech Hansen, Didier Andrivon, Melen Leclerc, Roselyne Corbière, Vinh Hong Le, Riinu Kiiker, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Fédération Nationale des Producteurs de Plants de Pomme de Terre (FN3PT), Comité Nord Plants de Pommes de Terre, Florimond Desprez, Germicopa, The James Hutton Institute, Aarhus University [Aarhus], 8T150054PKTK, Ministry of Rural Affairs of Estonia, IUT36-2, Eesti Teadusagentuur, European Regional Development Fund, INRAE, The French Office for Biodiversity, MST-667-00174, Miljø- og Fødevareministeriet, 259826, The Research Council of Norway, Scottish Government’s Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division, and Coordinated Integrated Pest Management in Europe
Subjects: late blight, sexual reproduction, phenotype, Lineage (evolution), Plant Science, Population biology, Phenotypic trait, Biology, clonal lineage, biology.organism_classification, oomycetes, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy, Sexual reproduction, Evolutionary biology, Western europe, Genotype, Phytophthora infestans, fungal pathogens, Chemical control, Agronomy and Crop Science, Solanum tuberosum
Abstract: International audience; Until recently, genotypes of Phytophthora infestans were regionally distributed in Europe, with populations in western Europe being dominated by clonal lineages and those in northern Europe being genetically diverse because of frequent sexual reproduction. However, since 2013 a new clonal lineage (EU_41_A2) has successfully established itself and expanded in the sexually recombining P. infestans populations of northern Europe. The objective of this study was to study phenotypic traits of the new clonal lineage of P. infestans, which may explain its successful establishment and expansion within sexually recombining populations. Fungicide sensitivity, aggressiveness, and virulence profiles of isolates of EU_41_A2 were analyzed and compared with those of the local sexual populations from Denmark, Norway, and Estonia. None of the phenotypic data obtained from the isolates collected from Denmark, Estonia, and Norway independently explained the invasive success of EU_41_A2 within sexual Nordic populations. Therefore, we hypothesize that the expansion of this new genotype could result from a combination of fitness traits and more favorable environmental conditions that have emerged in response to climate change.
Published: 2022
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8. Key factors influencing metal concentrations in sediments along Western European Rivers: A long-term monitoring study (1945–2020)

Author: Dendievel, André Marie, Grosbois, Cécile, Ayrault, Sophie, Evrard, Olivier, Coynel, Alexandra, Debret, Maxime, Gardes, Thomas, Euzen, Cassandra, Schmitt, Laurent, Chabaux, François, Winiarski, Thierry, Van Der Perk, Marcel, Mourier, Brice, Geomorfologie, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, Équipe 5 - Impact des Aménagements et des Polluants sur les HYdrosystèmes (IAPHY), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GéoHydrosystèmes COntinentaux (GéHCO EA6293), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Morphodynamique Continentale et Côtière (M2C), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Image, Ville, Environnement (LIVE), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Terre Environnement Strasbourg (ITES), École Nationale du Génie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement de Strasbourg (ENGEES)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physical Geography [Utrecht], Utrecht University [Utrecht], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), The French Office of Biodiversity (OFB) supported the INTERPOL project in charge of INTERcomparison of sediment POLlution on the main French rivers. It involves researchers from five public research laboratories in France: the LEHNA-IAPHY team (UMR CNRS 5023) on the Rhône River, the EPOC lab on the Garonne Basin (UMR CNRS 5805), the GéHCO lab on the Loire Basin (EA 6293), the LSCE team (UMR CEA/CNRS/UVSQ 8212) and the M2C team from Rouen (UMR CNRS 6143) on the Seine River., Geomorfologie, Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change, and Université de Tours
Subjects: Geologic Sediments, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lithology, 010501 environmental sciences, Trace metals River sediment Suspended particulate matter Sediment core Analytical procedures Spatio-temporal trends, 01 natural sciences, Rivers, Analytical procedures, Trace metals, Metals, Heavy, Analytical procedure, Environmental Chemistry, Extraction (military), [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Waste Management and Disposal, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Hydrology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Flood myth, River sediment, Sediment, Suspended particulate matter, Particulates, Contamination, Spatio-temporal trends, Pollution, 6. Clean water, Sediment core, Water Framework Directive, Wastewater, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; Since 1945, a large amount of heterogeneous data has been acquired to survey river sediment quality, especially concerning regulatory metals such as Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Large-scale syntheses are critical to assess the effectiveness of public regulations and the resiliency of the river systems. Accordingly, this data synthesis pro- poses a first attempt to decipher spatio-temporal trends of metal contamination along seven major continental rivers in Western Europe (France, Belgium, Germany, and the Netherlands). A large dataset (>12,000 samples) from various sediment matrices (bed and flood deposits – BFD, suspended particulate matter – SPM, dated sedi- ment cores – DSC) was set up based on monitoring and scientific research from the 1950s to the 2010s. This work investigates the impact of analytical protocols (matrix sampling, fractionation, extraction), location and time fac- tors (related to geology and anthropogenic activities) on metal concentration trends. Statistical analyses high- light crossed-interactions in space and time, as well as between sediment matrices (metal concentrations in SPM ≃ DSC > BFD) and extraction procedures (also related to river lithology). Major spatio-temporal trends are found along several rivers such as (i) an increase of metal concentrations downstream of the main urban in- dustrial areas (e.g. Paris-Rouen corridor on the Seine River, Bonn-Duisburg corridor on the Rhine River), (ii) a long-term influence of former mining areas located in crystalline zones, releasing heavily contaminated sedi- ments for decades (Upper Loire River, Middle Meuse section), (iii) a decrease of metal concentrations since the 1970s (except for Cr and Ni, rather low and stable over time). The improvement of sediment quality in the most recent years in Europe reflects a decisive role of environment policies, such as more efficient wastewater treat- ments, local applications of the Water Framework Directive and urban industrial changes in the river valleys.
Published: 2022
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9. Promoting crop pest control by plant diversification in agricultural landscapes: A conceptual framework for analysing feedback loops between agro-ecological and socio-economic effects

Author: Aude Vialatte, Anaïs Tibi, Audrey Alignier, Valérie Angeon, Laurent Bedoussac, David A. Bohan, Douadia Bougherara, Alain Carpentier, Bastien Castagneyrol, Stéphane Cordeau, Pierre Courtois, Jean-Philippe Deguine, Jérôme Enjalbert, Frédéric Fabre, Fabienne Féménia, Hélène Fréville, Frédéric Goulet, Régis Grateau, Benoît Grimonprez, Nicolas Gross, Mourad Hannachi, Philippe Jeanneret, Laure Kuhfuss, Pierre Labarthe, Marie Launay, Marianne Lefebvre, Virginie Lelièvre, Stéphane Lemarié, Gilles Martel, Abel Masson, Mireille Navarrete, Manuel Plantegenest, Virginie Ravigné, Adrien Rusch, Frédéric Suffert, Abdoulaye Tapsoba, Olivier Therond, Sophie Thoyer, Vincent Martinet, Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Direction de l'Expertise scientifique collective, de la Prospective et des Etudes, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche d'Écodéveloppement (ECODEVELOPPEMENT), AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), École Nationale Supérieure de Formation de l'Enseignement Agricole de Toulouse-Auzeville (ENSFEA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier - UMR 5211 (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Structures et Marché Agricoles, Ressources et Territoires (SMART-LERECO), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Génétique Quantitative et Evolution - Le Moulon (Génétique Végétale) (GQE-Le Moulon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Santé et agroécologie du vignoble (UMR SAVE), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut des Sciences de la Vigne et du Vin (ISVV)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Amélioration génétique et adaptation des plantes méditerranéennes et tropicales (UMR AGAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Innovation et Développement dans l'Agriculture et l'Alimentation (UMR Innovation), Département Environnements et Sociétés (Cirad-ES), Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d’Etudes et de Coopération Juridique Interdisciplinaire (CECOJI), Université de Poitiers, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Agroscope, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Groupe de Recherche Angevin en Economie et Management (GRANEM), Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Université d'Angers (UA), Département agronomie et sciences de l'environnement pour les agroécosystèmes (AgroEcoSystem), Laboratoire d'Economie Appliquée de Grenoble (GAEL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), BIOlogie et GEstion des Risques en agriculture (BIOGER), Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie de l'Environnement - Montpellier (CEE-M), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Centre d’études et de coopération juridique interdisciplinaire - Université de Poitiers (CECOJI-UP), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage, Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) through the national ECOPHYTO plan, David A. Bohan, Alex J. Dumbrell, Adam J. Vanbergen, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Gestion des ressources renouvelables et environnement (UPR GREEN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de l'Horticulture et du Paysage
Subjects: 2. Zero hunger, 0106 biological sciences, 13. Climate action, 11. Sustainability, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, 01 natural sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences
Abstract: International audience; Given the negative environmental effects of conventional agricultural techniques, the need for biodiversity-friendly agriculture systems that rely more on ecosystem services and less on chemical inputs is becoming increasingly urgent. In this paper, we focus on crop protection strategies that are alternatives to the use of pesticides. Diversification of the plant component of agricultural areas at different space and time scales has been presented as a powerful socio-economic and agro-ecological mechanism for the sustainable control of pests. Our interdisciplinary group of scientific experts examined the literature on the ecological effects of plant diversification on pests and their natural enemies, as well as the social science literature on the conditions for farmers to adopt the corresponding practices, to assess the potential offered by plant diversification.We developed a conceptual framework that connects the agro-ecological and socio-economic components of an agricultural landscape in a dynamic loop accounting for interactions among elements at different spatial and temporal scales and their feedback effects. This article presents this framework and illustrates its application to the case of wheat production and protection. By explicitly connecting each level of agro-ecological organization with the potential socio-economic drivers and limitations underpinning the adoption and implementation of plant diversification in landscapes, this framework makes it possible to ana yse the synergies and antagonisms between different modes of diversification and the conditions of their deployment. Exploring this framework is a prerequisite to the identification of opportunities and key feed-back loops for designing diversification strategies that unlock the agro-ecological potential of f uture production systems. We conclude that there is a need for interdisciplinary research in experimental landscapes involving farmers and other local stakeholders to design sustainable future agricultural landscapes that deliver high levels of biological control services..
Published: 2022
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10. Checklist of fishes from the Saint Pierre and Miquelon archipelago

Author: Simian, Gaëlle, Abraham, Daniel, Bailly, Nicolas, Béarez, Philippe, Urtizberea, Frank, Perrot, Axelle, Goraguer, Herlé, Langlois, Roberte, Daszkiewicz, Piotr, Teletchea, Fabrice, Tercerie, Sandrine, Denys, Gaël P.J., Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Centre De Recherche et d'Enseignement sur les Systèmes Côtiers (CRESCO), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia (UBC), Archéozoologie, archéobotanique : sociétés, pratiques et environnements (AASPE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction des Territoires de l’Alimentation et de la Mer-SAMP, Fédération de Pêche et de Protection des Milieux Aquatiques 76, Unité de Recherches Animal et Fonctionnalités des Produits Animaux (URAFPA), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), and This work was supported by the mnhn, the Unité Patrinat 2006, the Umr borea 8067 and the French office of biodiversity (oFb).
Subjects: Marine fishes, Diadromous fishes, Northwest Atlantic, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Taxonomy
Abstract: International audience; A list of diadromous and marine fishes occurring in the Saint-Pierre and Miquelon archipelago and its eez has been compiled from various available data sources: collections, local and international databases, and literature. this belated work was needed as the only existing checklist dates back to the 19th century and Fishbase, as of early 2022, provided a list of only 14 species, and 81 in the French taxonomic register taXreF. The list assembled here covers 122 species, of which 111 are marine fishes, assigned to 103 genera and 66 families. This list is not comprehensive, but it constitutes a first reference, to be updated with new information.; Une liste des poissons diadromes et marins de l’archipel de Saint-Pierre et miquelon et sa zee a été constituée à partir des différentes sources de données disponibles : collections, base de données locales et internationales, et bibliographie. ce travail était nécessaire car l’unique inventaire existant remonte au x i x e siècle et Fishbase au début de 2022, fournissait une liste de seulement 14 espèces, et 81 dans le référentiel taxonomique français taXreF. la présente liste contient 122 espèces, dont 111 marines, réparties en 103 genres et 66 familles. cette liste n’est pas exhaustive et constitue une première référence, qui pourra être mise à jour avec de nouvelles connaissances.
Published: 2022
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11. Estimation of Bait Uptake by Badgers, Using Non-invasive Methods, in the Perspective of Oral Vaccination Against Bovine Tuberculosis in a French Infected Area

Author: Ariane, Payne, Sandrine, Ruette, Mickaël, Jacquier, Céline, Richomme, Sandrine, Lesellier, Sonya, Middleton, Jeanne, Duhayer, Sophie, Rossi, Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Groupement de défense sanitaire de Saône et Loire (GDS 71), Fédération nationale des Groupements de Défense Sanitaire (GDS France)-Groupement de Défense Sanitaire de Bourgogne - Franche-Comté (GDS BFC), Fédération nationale des Groupements de Défense Sanitaire (GDS France), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de la rage et de la faune sauvage de Nancy (LRFSN), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Animal and Plant Health Agency [Addlestone, UK] (APHA), French Ministry for Agriculture and Food (MAA) (Agreement No. 2017-397), GDS France, GDS 21, Wildlife and Hunting Agency (ONCFS now being called French Office for Biodiversity – OFB), and DEFRA - Bovine Tuberculosis Research Projects (Project SE3247)
Subjects: [SDV.BA.MVSA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Veterinary medicine and animal Health, General Veterinary, animal diseases, food and beverages, macromolecular substances, MESH: Vaccination, MESH: Mustelidae, oral vaccination, parasitic diseases, bait deployment, MESH: Biomarkers, badger (Meles meles), biomarker, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, bovine tuberculosis, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, human activities, MESH: Tuberculosis, Bovine, hair trapping
Abstract: Although France is officially declared free of bovine tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium bovis infection is still observed in several regions in cattle and wildlife, including badgers (Meles meles). In this context, vaccinating badgers should be considered as a promising strategy for the reduction in M. bovis transmission between badgers and other species, and cattle in particular. An oral vaccine consisting of live Bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) contained in bait is currently under assessment for badgers, for which testing bait deployment in the field and assessing bait uptake by badgers are required. This study aimed to evaluate the bait uptake by badgers and determine the main factors influencing uptake in a TB-infected area in Burgundy, north-eastern France. The baits were delivered at 15 different setts located in the vicinity of 13 pastures within a TB-infected area, which has been subject to intense badger culling over the last decade. Pre-baits followed by baits containing a biomarker (Rhodamine B; no BCG vaccine) were delivered down sett entrances in the spring (8 days of pre-baiting and 4 days of baiting) and summer (2 days of pre-baiting and 2 days of baiting) of 2018. The consumption of the marked baits was assessed by detecting fluorescence, produced by Rhodamine B, in hair collected in hair traps positioned at the setts and on the margins of the targeted pastures. Collected hairs were also genotyped to differentiate individuals using 24 microsatellites markers and one sex marker. Bait uptake was estimated as the proportion of badgers consuming baits marked by the biomarker over all the sampled animals (individual level), per badger social group, and per targeted pasture. We found a bait uptake of 52.4% (43 marked individuals of 82 genetically identified) at the individual level and a mean of 48.9 and 50.6% at the social group and pasture levels, respectively. The bait uptake was positively associated with the presence of cubs (social group level) and negatively influenced by the intensity of previous trapping (social group and pasture levels). This study is the first conducted in France on bait deployment in a badger population of intermediate density after several years of intensive culling. The results are expected to provide valuable information toward a realistic deployment of oral vaccine baits to control TB in badger populations.
Published: 2022
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12. Evidence on the impacts of chemicals arising from human activity on tropical reef-building corals; a systematic map

Author: Dakis-Yaoba Ouédraogo, Mathilde Delaunay, Romain Sordello, Laetitia Hédouin, Magalie Castelin, Olivier Perceval, Isabelle Domart-Coulon, Karen Burga, Christine Ferrier-Pagès, Romane Multon, Mireille M. M. Guillaume, Clément Léger, Christophe Calvayrac, Pascale Joannot, Yorick Reyjol, Direction générale déléguée à la Recherche, à l’Expertise, à la Valorisation et à l’Enseignement-Formation (DGD.REVE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Patrimoine naturel (PatriNat), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Laboratoire d'Excellence CORAIL (LabEX CORAIL), Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre de recherches insulaires et observatoire de l'environnement (CRIOBE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Direction de l'Evaluation des Risques (DER), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Scientifique de Monaco (CSM), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Direction générale déléguée aux collections (DGD.C), Biocapteurs-Analyses-Environnement (BAE), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD), Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire (Université d'Abomey Calavi, Cotonou, Bénin) (LBBM), University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de la Polynésie Française (UPF)-Université de la Nouvelle-Calédonie (UNC)-Institut d'écologie et environnement-Université des Antilles (UA), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Université d’Abomey-Calavi = University of Abomey Calavi (UAC), French Office for Biodiversity (OFB), and French National Museum of Natural History (MNHN)
Subjects: fungi, technology, industry, and agriculture, social sciences, Nutrients, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Environmental sciences, Contamination, Hermatypic, GE1-350, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Scleractinian, geographic locations
Abstract: International audience; Background: Tropical coral reefs cover ca. 0.1% of the Earth's surface but host an outstanding biodiversity and provide important ecosystem services to millions of people living nearby. They are currently threatened by local stressors (e.g. nutrient enrichment and chemical pollution arising from poor land management, sewage effluents, agriculture, industry) and global stressors (mainly seawater warming and acidification, i.e. climate change). Global and local stressors interact in different ways, but the presence of one stressor often reduces the tolerance to additional stress. While global stressors cannot be mitigated solely by local actions, local stressors can be reduced through ecosystem management, therefore minimizing the impact of climate change on coral reefs. We systematically mapped the evidence of impacts of chemicals arising from anthropogenic activities on tropical reef-building corals, which are the main engineer species of reef ecosystems, to inform decision-makers on the available evidence on this topic.Methods: We searched the relevant literature using English terms combined in a tested search string in two publication databases (Scopus and Web Of Science Core Collection). The search string combined terms describing the population (tropical reef-building corals) and the exposure (chemicals). We searched for additional literature through three search engines, three dissertations repositories, 11 specialist websites, and through a call to local stakeholders. Titles, abstracts, and full-texts were successively screened using pre-defned eligibility criteria. A database of all studies included in the map with coded metadata was produced. The evidence was described and knowledge clusters and gaps were identifed through the distribution and frequency of studies into types of exposure and/or types of outcomes and/or types of study.Review findings: The initial searches identifed 23,403 articles which resulted in 15,177 articles after duplicate removal. Among them, 908 articles were retained after screening process, corresponding to 7937 studies (a study being the combination of a taxon, an exposure, and an outcome). Among these studies, 30.5% dealt with the impact of nutrient enrichment on corals while 25% concerned the impact of human activities without referenceto a chemical. The most measured outcomes were those related to the chemical concentration in corals (bioaccumulation, 25.8%), to coral physiology (16.9%), cover (14%), and mortality (9%). Half of the studies (48.4%) were experimental—the exposure was controlled by the researchers—and were conducted in laboratory conditions (39.4%) and in situ (9%). The most studied taxa, exposure, and outcomes were diferent between experimental andobservational studies.Conclusions: We identifed four well-represented subtopics that may be amenable to relevant full syntheses via systematic reviews: (1) evidence on bioaccumulation of chemicals by corals; (2) evidence on the efects of nutrient enrichment on corals; (3) evidence on the efects of human activities on corals; and (4) evidence on the ecotoxicological efects of chemicals on corals (except nutrient enrichment). The systematic map shows that corals in their natural environment can be exposed to many categories of chemicals, and that there is a complete gap in experimental research on the combined efects of more than two categories of chemicals. We therefore encourage research on this topic.
Published: 2021
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13. Alternative Strategies for Controlling Wireworms in Field Crops: A Review

Author: Poggi, Sylvain, Le Cointe, Ronan, Lehmhus, Jörn, Plantegenest, Manuel, Furlan, Lorenzo, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Julius Kühn-Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants-Institute for Biological Control, Veneto Agricoltura, STARTAUP project, French Office for Biodiversity, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: landscape feature, integrated pest management, mutual fund, Agriculture (General), fungi, companion plant, food and beverages, risk assessment, pest monitoring, S1-972, habitat manipulation, [SDV.SA.STA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of agriculture, crop damage, click beetle, biocontrol
Abstract: International audience; Wireworms, the soil-dwelling larvae of click beetles (Coleoptera: Elateridae), comprise major pests of several crops worldwide, including maize and potatoes. The current trend towards the reduction in pesticides use has resulted in strong demand for alternative methods to control wireworm populations. This review provides a state-of-the-art of current theory and practice in order to develop new agroecological strategies. The first step should be to conduct a risk assessment based on the production context (e.g., crop, climate, soil characteristics, and landscape) and on adult and/or larval population monitoring. When damage risk appears significant, prophylactic practices can be applied to reduce wireworm abundance (e.g., low risk rotations, tilling, and irrigation). Additionally, curative methods based on natural enemies and on naturally derived insecticides are, respectively, under development or in practice in some countries. Alternatively, practices may target a reduction in crop damage instead of pest abundance through the adoption of selected cultural practices (e.g., resistant varieties, planting and harvesting time) or through the manipulation of wireworm behavior (e.g., companion plants). Practices can be combined in a global Integrated Pest Management (IPM) framework to provide the desired level of crop protection.
Published: 2021
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14. Fine Characterization of a Resistance Phenotype by Analyzing TuYV-Myzus persicae-Rapeseed Interactions

Author: Marlène Souquet, Elodie Pichon, Thomas Armand, Emmanuel Jacquot, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), French Ministries for an Ecological Transition, for Agriculture and Food, for Solidarity and Health and of Higher Education, Research and Innovation, French Office for Biodiversity, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: resistance, aphid, turnip yellows virus, QK1-989, fungi, Botany, transmission, food and beverages, rapeseed, viral disease, Article, [SDV.BV.PEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Phytopathology and phytopharmacy
Abstract: International audience; Turnip yellows virus (TuYV), transmitted by Myzus persicae, can be controlled in rapeseed fields by insecticide treatments. However, the recent ban of the neonicotinoids together with the description of pyrethrinoid-resistant aphids has weakened insecticide-based control methods available to farmers. Since the deployment of insecticides in the 1980s, few research efforts were made to breed for rapeseed cultivars resistant to aphid-borne viral diseases. Thus, only few rapeseed cultivars released in Europe were reported to be TuYV-resistant, and the resistance phenotype of these cultivars was poorly characterized. In this study, several epidemiological parameters (infection rate, latency period, etc.) associated to the TuYV-resistance of the cv. Architect were estimated. Results showed a partial resistance phenotype for plants inoculated at the 2-/4-leaves stages and a resistance phenotype for plants inoculated at a more advanced growing stage. Moreover, analysis of infected plants highlighted (i) a poor quality of infected cv. Architect as a source of virus for transmission and (ii) an extended latency period for infected plants. Thus, dynamics of virus spread in the field should to be slower for Architect compared to susceptible rapeseed cultivars, which should lead to the maintenance of a higher proportion of healthy plants in the field.
Published: 2021
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15. The dynamics of spawning acts by a semelparous fish and its associated energetic costs

Author: Jean-Christophe Aymes, Amandine Tauzin, Colin Bouchard, Jacques Rives, Frédéric Lange, Anaïs Bernardin, Charlotte Récapet, Cédric Tentelier, pôle OFB-INRAE- Agrocampus Ouest-UPPA pour la gestion des migrateurs amphihalins dans leur environnement, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Tour du Valat, Research Institute for the conservation of Mediterranean Wetlands, Adour-Garonne Water Agency, French region Nouvelle Aquitaine, French Office for Biodiversity (Pôle MIAME), and Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, food.ingredient, slimming, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, egg retention, spawning, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, food, biologging, alosa alosa, [SDV.BA.ZV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology/Vertebrate Zoology, energy expenditure, Seasonal breeder, clupeid, Allis shad, reproductive effort, 14. Life underwater, Stock (geology), Semelparity and iteroparity, Alosa, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], temperature, Energy budget, biology.organism_classification, Fecundity, Spawn (biology), Fishery, Accelerometer, semelparity, energy budget, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Paternal care
Abstract: During the reproductive season, animals have to manage both their energetic budget and gamete stock. In particular, for semelparous capital breeders with determinate fecundity and no parental care other than gametic investment, the depletion of energetic stock must match the depletion of gametic stock, so that individuals get exhausted just after their last egg is laid and fertilized. Although these budgets are managed continuously, monitoring the dynamics of mating acts and energy expenditure at a fine temporal scale in the wild is challenging.This study aimed to quantify the individual dynamics of spawning acts and the concomitant energy expenditure of female Allis shad (Alosa alosa) throughout their mating season.Using eight individual-borne accelerometers for one month, we collected tri-axial acceleration, temperature, and pressure data that we analysed to i) detect the timing of spawning acts, ii) estimate energy expenditure from tail beat frequency and water temperature, and iii) monitor changes in body roundness from the position of the dorsally-mounted tag relative to the vertical plane.Female shad had a higher probability to spawn during warmer nights, and their spawning acts were synchronized (both individually and inter-individually) within each active night. They experienced warmer temperature, remained deeper, swan more slowly and spent less energy during daytime than night time. Over one month of spawning, they performed on average 15.75 spawning acts, spent on average 6 277 kJ and died with a significant portion of residual oocytes. The acceleration-based indicator of body roundness was correlated to condition coefficient measured at capture, and globally decreased through the spawning season, although the indicator was noisy and was not correlated to changes in estimated energy expenditure.Despite significant individual variability, our results indicate that female shad exhausted their energetic stock faster than their egg stock. Water warming will increase the rate of energy expenditure, which might increase the risk that shad die with a large stock of unspent eggs. Although perfectible, the three complementary analyses of acceleration data are promising for in situ monitoring of energy expenditure related to specific behaviour.
Published: 2021
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16. Predicting flow intermittence in France under climate change

Author: Sauquet, Eric, Beaufort, Aurélien, Sarremejane, Romain, Thirel, Guillaume, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management [Berkeley] (ESPM), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, Hydrosystèmes continentaux anthropisés : ressources, risques, restauration (UR HYCAR), and French Office for Biodiversity (OFB)
Subjects: climate change, ephemeral stream, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, intermittent river, severe drought, drying, [SDU.STU.HY]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Hydrology, biodiversity
Abstract: International audience; As climate changes, perennial headwater streams could become intermittent and intermittent rivers could dry more often due to more severe droughts. A modelling framework supported by field observations was applied to assess the probability of drying in headwaters at the regional scale (P D) under climate change. Empirical relationships between severity of low flows and observed proportions of no-flow states have been calibrated for 22 hydro-ecoregions under present conditions. These relationships were applied using daily discharge data on a large set of gauging stations simulated by the Modèle du Génie Rural à 6 paramètres Journalier (GR6J) hydrological model under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 emission scenarios. The results suggest a more contrasting spatial pattern in the future than under current conditions. Noteworthy changes include increases in drying extent and duration, particularly in regions with historically high probabilities of drying and changes in seasonality in Alpine regions. Aquatic ecosystems will experience unprecedented hydrological conditions, which might lead to losses of ecosystem functions.
Published: 2021
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17. Parasitized, non-parasitized, why? A study of factors influencing tick burden in roe deer neonates

Author: Bariod, Léa, Saïd, Sonia, Calenge, Clément, Chabot, Stéphane, Badeau, Vincent, Bourgoin, Gilles, Bariod, Léa, Biodémographie évolutive, Département écologie évolutive [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and This study was conducted in the context of a PhD co-funded by the national veterinary school VetAgro Sup and the French Office for Biodiversity (OFB) under partnership agreement CNV20-0947.
Subjects: [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [STAT.AP]Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, [STAT.AP] Statistics [stat]/Applications [stat.AP], [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.EE.IEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, [SDV.EE.IEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Symbiosis
Abstract: International audience; • Ixodes ricinus, the most common tick in Central Europe, is an important vectorof pathogens threatening human and animal health.• Tick abundance and repartition increased during last decades with globalenvironmental changes in the continent, which include climate and habitatchanges, and increase of deer densities.• Indeed, cervid species are identified as key hosts to ticks, especiallyroe deer (Capreolus capreolus) whose populations have increased inrecent years in France and Europe.• Mammal newborns have a naïve and immature immune system and aretherefore more vulnerable to tick infestations.• Thus it is important to improve knowledge of factors influencing the tickburden of neonates. Here, we study roe deer fawns monitored during 27 yearsin a French population with a novel Bayesian model.
Published: 2021

18. Continental-scale patterns of hyper-cryptic diversity within the freshwater model taxon Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

Author: Thierry Rigaud, Krešimir Žganec, Rémi Wattier, Mišel Jelić, Christophe Piscart, Michael Danger, Denis Copilaş-Ciocianu, Arnaud Chaumot, Tomasz Mamos, Vincent Felten, Anthony Ollivier, Michał Grabowski, Anna Wysocka, Tomasz Rewicz, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Lódź, University of Basel (Unibas), Institute of Ecology of Nature Research Centre, Varaždin City Museum, Riverly (Riverly), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), University of Zadar, University of Guelph, University of Gdańsk (UG), Adour-Garonne water agency (program Dylaq), French Office for Biodiversity (OFB), Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland : N N303 579439, University of Lodz, Short-Term Scientific Mission (STSM) of COST Action : 39779 , CA15219, ANR-13-BSV7-0004,MultiStress,Effets combinés de stresseurs anthropiques et du parasitisme sur la variation génétique, le comportement, la physiologie et le rôle fonctionnel d'amphipodes d'eau douce du genre Gammarus(2013), ANR-14-CE21-0006,ProteoGam,Protéomique pour de nouveaux biomarqueurs en écotoxicologie chez les gammares: challenge de la biodiversité et immunoanalyse multiplexée comme outil de diagnostic(2014), Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] (BGS), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RiverLy - Fonctionnement des hydrosystèmes (RiverLy), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Terre et Environnement de Lorraine (OTELo), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Scale (anatomy), Genetic Linkage, Lineage (evolution), Biodiversity, lcsh:Medicine, Fresh Water, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Ecotoxicology, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:Science, Phylogeny, Barcode, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Reveals, Genus Niphargus Crustacea, Europe, Phylogeography, Biogeography, Hydrobiology, Molecular ecology, Species delimitation method, Amphipoda, media_common.quotation_subject, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Article, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, Complex, Animals, DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic, Lineages, Biodiversity assessment, lcsh:R, Genetic Variation, DNA, biology.organism_classification, Crustacean, 030104 developmental biology, Taxon, Evolutionary biology, lcsh:Q, Evolutionary ecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Diversity (politics)
Abstract: Traditional morphological diagnoses of taxonomic status remain widely used while an increasing number of studies show that one morphospecies might hide cryptic diversity, i.e. lineages with unexpectedly high molecular divergence. This hidden diversity can reach even tens of lineages, i.e. hyper cryptic diversity. Even well-studied model-organisms may exhibit overlooked cryptic diversity. Such is the case of the freshwater crustacean amphipod model taxon Gammarus fossarum. It is extensively used in both applied and basic types of research, including biodiversity assessments, ecotoxicology and evolutionary ecology. Based on COI barcodes of 4926 individuals from 498 sampling sites in 19 European countries, the present paper shows (1) hyper cryptic diversity, ranging from 84 to 152 Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units, (2) ancient diversification starting already 26 Mya in the Oligocene, and (3) high level of lineage syntopy. Even if hyper cryptic diversity was already documented in G. fossarum, the present study increases its extent fourfold, providing a first continental-scale insight into its geographical distribution and establishes several diversification hotspots, notably south-eastern and central Europe. The challenges of recording hyper cryptic diversity in the future are also discussed.
Published: 2020
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19. Spatial association of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and badgers at the pasture interface in an endemic area in France.

Author: Bouchez-Zacria M, Payne A, Girard S, Richomme C, Boschiroli ML, Marsot M, Durand B, and Desvaux S
Subjects: Cattle, Animals, Animals, Wild microbiology, France epidemiology, Mycobacterium bovis, Mustelidae microbiology, Tuberculosis, Bovine epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Bovine microbiology, Cattle Diseases
Abstract: Despite control and surveillance programmes, Mycobacterium bovis, the main aetiologic agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), is still detected on cattle farms and in wildlife populations in France, especially in badgers in the French Côte-d'Or département. The aim of our study was to find out if infected badgers were trapped significantly closer to pastures of infected farms than non-infected badgers and, if so, to determine the most efficient distance around those pastures for badger trapping, particularly for surveillance purposes. We studied two subareas (southern and northern), chosen based on natural barriers to badger movements and according to the presence of pastures belonging to infected farms (POIFs) and infected or non-infected badgers. In each subarea, we computed the shortest distances D 0 and D between badgers trapped a given year n between 2015 and 2019 (n = 59 infected and n = 1535 non-infected badgers for D 0 ; n = 53 infected and n = 1476 non-infected badgers for D) and POIFs designated as infected between the year n - 4 and n + 1 (respectively n = 373 and n = 388 POIFs). D 0 was calculated without considering spoligotypes, while D was calculated considering the possible epidemiological link between infected badgers and POIFs by using bTB spoligotype information. Then, we computed the observed mean and median of the D 0 and D distances and used a bootstrap analysis to test if infected badgers were found significantly closer to POIFs than non-infected badgers. We observed that infection of badgers was not independent of distance from POIF in both subareas but distances (D 0 or D) were different between the northern and southern subarea. In the northern subarea, which displays a mosaic landscape (mean and median D distances were respectively 612 m and 303 m for infected badgers), infected badgers indeed were trapped closer to POIFs, considering D 0 and D. In the southern subarea, predominantly forested, infected badgers were significantly closer to POIFs than non-infected badgers when considering D 0 but not for D (mean and median D distances were respectively 7148 m and 4831 m for infected badgers). These results will help to determine the most efficient distance from POIFs to trap badgers to determine their infection status in countryside landscapes. They also highlight the need to better understand the epidemiological systems at play in more forested landscapes where badgers may behave differently or other susceptible sympatric wild species might play a more important role in the circulation of M. bovis, both phenomena contributing to badger infection at greater distances from POIFs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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20. Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Immunochromatography Assay (LFIA) for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Brucellosis in French Alpine Ibex ( Capra ibex ).

Author: Freddi L, Vicente AF, Petit E, Ribeiro M, Game Y, Locatelli Y, Jacques I, Riou M, Jay M, Garin-Bastuji B, Rossi S, Djokic V, and Ponsart C
Abstract: France has been officially free of bovine brucellosis since 2005. Nevertheless, in 2012, as the source of two human cases, a bovine outbreak due to B. melitensis biovar 3 was confirmed in the French Alpine Bargy massif, due to a spillover from wild, protected Alpine ibex ( Capra ibex ). In order to reduce high Brucella prevalence in the local ibex population, successive management strategies have been implemented. Lateral flow immunochromatography assay (LFIA) was thus identified as a promising on-site screening test, allowing for a rapid diagnosis far from the laboratory. This study compared a commercial LFIA for brucellosis diagnosis with the WOAH-recommended tests for small ruminants (i.e., Rose Bengal test (RBT), Complement fixation test, (CFT) and Indirect ELISA, (iELISA)). LFIA showed the same analytical sensitivity as iELISA on successive dilutions of the International Standard anti- Brucella melitensis Serum (ISaBmS) and the EU Goat Brucella Standard Serum (EUGBSS). Selectivity was estimated at 100% when vaccinated ibex sera were analyzed. When used on samples from naturally infected ibex, LFIA showed high concordance, as well as relative sensitivity and specificity (>97.25%) in comparison with RBT and CFT. This work shows high reliability and ensures a better standardization of LFIA testing for wild ruminants.
Published: 2023
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21. Analysis of a multi-type resurgence of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle and badgers in Southwest France, 2007-2019.

Author: Bouchez-Zacria M, Ruette S, Richomme C, Lesellier S, Payne A, Boschiroli ML, Courcoul A, and Durand B
Subjects: Cattle, Animals, Animals, Wild, France epidemiology, Disease Reservoirs veterinary, Mycobacterium bovis genetics, Mustelidae microbiology, Tuberculosis, Bovine epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Bovine microbiology, Cattle Diseases
Abstract: Although control measures to tackle bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle have been successful in many parts of Europe, this disease has not been eradicated in areas where Mycobacterium bovis circulates in multi-host systems. Here we analyzed the resurgence of 11 M. bovis genotypes (defined based on spoligotyping and MIRU-VNTR) detected in 141 farms between 2007 and 2019, in an area of Southwestern France where wildlife infection was also detected from 2012 in 65 badgers. We used a spatially-explicit model to reconstruct the simultaneous diffusion of the 11 genotypes in cattle farms and badger populations. Effective reproduction number R was estimated to be 1.34 in 2007-2011 indicating a self-sustained M. bovis transmission by a maintenance community although within-species Rs were both < 1, indicating that neither cattle nor badger populations acted as separate reservoir hosts. From 2012, control measures were implemented, and we observed a decrease of R below 1. Spatial contrasts of the basic reproduction ratio suggested that local field conditions may favor (or penalize) local spread of bTB upon introduction into a new farm. Calculation of generation time distributions showed that the spread of M. bovis has been more rapid from cattle farms (0.5-0.7 year) than from badger groups (1.3-2.4 years). Although eradication of bTB appears possible in the study area (since R < 1), the model suggests it is a long-term prospect, because of the prolonged persistence of infection in badger groups (2.9-5.7 years). Supplementary tools and efforts to better control bTB infection in badgers (including vaccination for instance) appear necessary., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
Published: 2023
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22. "BACACIX", a spatial index combining proxies of bovine and badger space use associated with extended Mycobacterium bovis circulation in France.

Author: Marsot M, Bernard C, Payne A, Rossi S, Ruette S, Desvaux S, Richomme C, Bouchez-Zacria M, and Durand B
Subjects: Animals, Cattle, France epidemiology, Geographic Information Systems, Logistic Models, Mustelidae microbiology, Mycobacterium bovis, Tuberculosis, Bovine epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Bovine microbiology, Tuberculosis, Bovine transmission
Abstract: To better prevent and control multi-host pathogen circulation over large areas, it is essential to identify patterns of disease persistence within host communities involved in pathogen circulation at a macroscale. The aim of this study was to design and calculate "BACACIX", a spatial index of indirect contacts between cattle and badgers, two species involved in the circulation of Mycobacterium bovis, one of the main causative agents of bovine tuberculosis (bTB), in some areas of France. The index combined spatial models of land use distribution (the probable distribution defining animal use of space) based on pasture location for cattle, and based on land cover for badgers, with proxies for animal density for both species. For badgers, we used two series of census data of badger setts in two regions of France to evaluate our model of badger space use distribution (also known as utilization distribution), and analyzed the relationship between BACACIX and the upsurge of bovine tuberculosis observed in several regions of France during the decade after the country obtained the officially bTB-free status in 2001. We observed high values of BACACIX from the southwest to the northeast of France and from Brittany to the Channel coast. Conversely, in two areas (north-central area and Mediterranean coast), index values were low, suggesting that indirect cattle-badger contacts were unlikely. In the two series of census data of badger setts that we analyzed, 96.5% and 87% of the global positioning system (GPS) locations of badger setts, respectively were located in the calculated badger space use distribution. A logistic regression model showed that after controlling bTB over the previous decade, the value of the index was positively associated with the risk of cattle outbreaks between 2001 and 2010 (OR = 1.57). In addition, the risk of bTB occurrence in cattle decreased when the pasture area outside the badger space use distribution increased. In the future, the spatial index of indirect cattle-badger contacts we propose could help to better target bTB surveillance and control in France., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2023
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23. Estimation of Bait Uptake by Badgers, Using Non-invasive Methods, in the Perspective of Oral Vaccination Against Bovine Tuberculosis in a French Infected Area.

Author: Payne A, Ruette S, Jacquier M, Richomme C, Lesellier S, Middleton S, Duhayer J, and Rossi S
Abstract: Although France is officially declared free of bovine tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium bovis infection is still observed in several regions in cattle and wildlife, including badgers ( Meles meles ). In this context, vaccinating badgers should be considered as a promising strategy for the reduction in M. bovis transmission between badgers and other species, and cattle in particular. An oral vaccine consisting of live Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) contained in bait is currently under assessment for badgers, for which testing bait deployment in the field and assessing bait uptake by badgers are required. This study aimed to evaluate the bait uptake by badgers and determine the main factors influencing uptake in a TB-infected area in Burgundy, north-eastern France. The baits were delivered at 15 different setts located in the vicinity of 13 pastures within a TB-infected area, which has been subject to intense badger culling over the last decade. Pre-baits followed by baits containing a biomarker (Rhodamine B; no BCG vaccine) were delivered down sett entrances in the spring (8 days of pre-baiting and 4 days of baiting) and summer (2 days of pre-baiting and 2 days of baiting) of 2018. The consumption of the marked baits was assessed by detecting fluorescence, produced by Rhodamine B, in hair collected in hair traps positioned at the setts and on the margins of the targeted pastures. Collected hairs were also genotyped to differentiate individuals using 24 microsatellites markers and one sex marker. Bait uptake was estimated as the proportion of badgers consuming baits marked by the biomarker over all the sampled animals (individual level), per badger social group, and per targeted pasture. We found a bait uptake of 52.4% (43 marked individuals of 82 genetically identified) at the individual level and a mean of 48.9 and 50.6% at the social group and pasture levels, respectively. The bait uptake was positively associated with the presence of cubs (social group level) and negatively influenced by the intensity of previous trapping (social group and pasture levels). This study is the first conducted in France on bait deployment in a badger population of intermediate density after several years of intensive culling. The results are expected to provide valuable information toward a realistic deployment of oral vaccine baits to control TB in badger populations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Payne, Ruette, Jacquier, Richomme, Lesellier, Middleton, Duhayer and Rossi.)
Published: 2022
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23 results on '"French Office for Biodiversity"'

1. Wireworm management in conservation agriculture

2. Main conclusions and perspectives from the collective scientific assessment of the effects of plant protection products on biodiversity and ecosystem services along the land–sea continuum in France and French overseas territories

3. What are the toxicity thresholds of chemical pollutants for tropical reef-building corals? A systematic review

4. Evaluating the impact of direct sales on farms’ sustainability: a comparison of metropolitan and overseas France

5. A fully automated and generic spatial discretization procedure for cultivated landscapes with human-made landscape elements

6. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface sediments: Occurrence, patterns, spatial distribution and contribution of unattributed precursors in French aquatic environments

7. Examining Phenotypic Traits Contributing to the Spread in Northern European Potato Crops of EU_41_A2, a New Clonal Lineage of Phytophthora infestans

8. Key factors influencing metal concentrations in sediments along Western European Rivers: A long-term monitoring study (1945–2020)

9. Promoting crop pest control by plant diversification in agricultural landscapes: A conceptual framework for analysing feedback loops between agro-ecological and socio-economic effects

10. Checklist of fishes from the Saint Pierre and Miquelon archipelago

11. Estimation of Bait Uptake by Badgers, Using Non-invasive Methods, in the Perspective of Oral Vaccination Against Bovine Tuberculosis in a French Infected Area

12. Evidence on the impacts of chemicals arising from human activity on tropical reef-building corals; a systematic map

13. Alternative Strategies for Controlling Wireworms in Field Crops: A Review

14. Fine Characterization of a Resistance Phenotype by Analyzing TuYV-Myzus persicae-Rapeseed Interactions

15. The dynamics of spawning acts by a semelparous fish and its associated energetic costs

16. Predicting flow intermittence in France under climate change

17. Parasitized, non-parasitized, why? A study of factors influencing tick burden in roe deer neonates

18. Continental-scale patterns of hyper-cryptic diversity within the freshwater model taxon Gammarus fossarum (Crustacea, Amphipoda)

19. Spatial association of Mycobacterium bovis infection in cattle and badgers at the pasture interface in an endemic area in France.

20. Evaluation of a Lateral Flow Immunochromatography Assay (LFIA) for Diagnosis and Surveillance of Brucellosis in French Alpine Ibex ( Capra ibex ).

21. Analysis of a multi-type resurgence of Mycobacterium bovis in cattle and badgers in Southwest France, 2007-2019.

22. "BACACIX", a spatial index combining proxies of bovine and badger space use associated with extended Mycobacterium bovis circulation in France.

23. Estimation of Bait Uptake by Badgers, Using Non-invasive Methods, in the Perspective of Oral Vaccination Against Bovine Tuberculosis in a French Infected Area.

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23 results on '"French Office for Biodiversity"'

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