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International audience; This paper analyzes the determinants of environmental innovation in service activities, as well as regulatory dimension and its influence on the environmental performance of service activities. An econometric model is built using the “Community Innovation Survey 2008” (CIS 2008). Results show that environmental innovations in services are integrated into both technological and nontechnological innovations. The specificities of eco-innovation in service activities compared to manufacturing firms leads to eco-innovation the environmental benefit of which occurs during final consumption of the product rather than during the production process. If cost reduction is a main determinant for all sectors, the role of regulation differs according to the sector: strong for trade and transport, the influence of regulation is minor for the others service sectors.

L’implantation des salles de consommation à moindre risque en France se fait avec retard par rapport à plusieurs de nos voisins. La raison tient aux résistances à la mise en œuvre de la politique de réduction des risques en France, et en particulier à la persistance du modèle prohibitionniste. Pour le comprendre, il faut retracer la généalogie du concept de réduction des risques en France, analyser les conditions (sociales, culturelles et politiques) de sa mise en œuvre et les tensions que cela suscite. The opening of drug consumption rooms has been implemented late in France comparated to many neighbouring countries. There are two reasons to explain that. First, there are many oppositions to harm reduction policies/policy in this country. Secondly, the prohibitionnist model here is very persistent. To understand these elements, it’s necessary to trace the concept of harm reduction’s genealogy in France, to analyse the conditions (social, cultural & policitical) of its implementation and the tensions it creates.

The opening of drug consumption rooms has been implemented late in France comparated to many neighbouring countries. There are two reasons to explain that. First, there are many oppositions to harm reduction policies/policy in this country. Secondly, the prohibitionnist model here is very persistent. To understand these elements, it’s necessary to trace the concept of harm reduction’s genealogy in France, to analyse the conditions (social, cultural & policitical) of its implementation and the tensions it creates., L’implantation des salles de consommation à moindre risque en France se fait avec retard par rapport à plusieurs de nos voisins. La raison tient aux résistances à la mise en œuvre de la politique de réduction des risques en France, et en particulier à la persistance du modèle prohibitionniste. Pour le comprendre, il faut retracer la généalogie du concept de réduction des risques en France, analyser les conditions (sociales, culturelles et politiques) de sa mise en œuvre et les tensions que cela suscite.

International audience; The aim of this paper is to study the determinants of the residential mobility of immigrants and the descendants of immigrants in France. We draw on data from the French Survey named Trajectories and Origins Survey (Trajectoires et origines or TeO) of 2008 (INED-INSEE), which makes it possible to distinguish immigrants, second generation immigrants, and France’s so-called majority population, defined as persons having no immigrant origin over two generations. We estimate the causal impact of individual characteristics or characteristics of the territory of initial residence on the mobility indicators of changes in housing and access to home ownership. Our results show that immigrants, and more specifically those from Sub Saharan Africa and North African countries, are more geographically mobile but have less chance of acceding to home ownership than the majority population. Only the descendants of mixed (exogamous) couples behave like the majority population in terms of access to home ownership.; Cet article vise à étudier les déterminants de la mobilité résidentielle des immigrés et des descendants d’immigrés en France. Nous mobilisons des données individuelles issues de l’enquête TeO (Trajectoires et origines) réalisée en 2008 par l’INED et l’INSEE. Cette enquête renseigne à la fois sur les immigrés de première et deuxième génération ainsi que sur la population dite majoritaire, qui n’a aucune ascendance immigrée. De manière séquentielle, nous estimons l’impact des caractéristiques individuelles et territoriales sur la mobilité résidentielle et l’accès à la propriété de ces populations. Nous montrons que les immigrés, et plus précisément ceux qui sont originaires d’Afrique subsaharienne ou d’Afrique de Nord, sont plus mobiles que la population majoritaire et que leur probabilité de devenir propriétaire est moindre. Nous montrons aussi un comportement fortement similaire entre descendants de couples mixtes et population majoritaire.

Programme Ibn Khaldoun, conference online; International audience

Motivados pelo objetivo de reunir e comparar versões sobre os significados e implicações do giro metodológico ocorrido na Geografia, entre os anos 1960 e 1970, apresentamos aqui uma amostra de depoimentos coletados junto a três importantes protagonistas da mudança científica em território francês. Entendemos que o valor dessas representações pessoais acerca dos episódios de época reside no fato de que elas, embora resultem de experiências singulares e possíveis idiossincrasias, por derivarem de uma apreciação reflexiva a posteriori (já distanciada daquele período), são muito úteis tanto para demonstrar os caracteres gerais do câmbio de paradigma (pela eventual confluência de suas impressões), quanto para atestar as ambiguidades inerentes (pelos virtuais dissensos). Nesta segunda parte, apresentamos o testemunho de Joël Charre, o qual provou deter ao menos uma função elucidativa: o fato de ter convivido (em conjunturas e por motivos específicos) com Chamussy e Brunet, esse personagem nos fornece um relato que corrobora certas interpretações sobre o movimento, mas também possibilita realçar a discrepância entre alguns imaginários. Motivés par l’objectif de rassembler et de comparer des versions sur les significations et les implications du tournant méthodologique chez la Géographie, entre les années 1960 et 1970, nous présentons ici un échantillon de témoignages recueillis auprès de trois importants protagonistes du changement scientifique en France. Nous comprenons que la valeur de ces représentations personnelles à propos des épisodes de l’époque réside dans le fait que, bien qu’elles résultent d’expériences singulières et possiblement idiosyncratiques, vue qu’elles découlent d’une appréciation réflexive a posteriori (c’est-à-dire, déjà éloignée de la période en question), elles sont très utiles pour démontrer les caractéristiques générales du changement de paradigme (via confluence de leurs impressions), aussi bien que pour attester des ambiguïtés inhérentes (via virtuelle discordance). Dans cette deuxième partie, nous présentons le témoignage de Joël Charre, lequel s’est avéré très éclairant. Et pour une raison spécifique: puisqu’il a eu un partenariat (dans des conjonctures respectives) avec Chamussy et Brunet, ce personnage nous donne un récit qui corrobore des interprétations à propos du mouvement, mais permet également de mettre en évidence un certain contraste entre regards. Motivated by the objective of gathering and comparing versions about the meanings and implications of the methodological turn in Geography, between the 1960s and 1970s, we present here a sample of testimonies collected from three important protagonists of scientific change in France. We understand that the value of these personal representations about the events of that time lies in the fact that, although they result from singular experiences and possible idiosyncrasies, because they derive from a posteriori reflexive appreciation (already distanced from that period), they are very useful both to demonstrate the general characters of the paradigm shift (by the possible confluence of their impressions), and to attest the inherent ambiguities (by virtual dissent). In this second part, we present the testimony of Joël Charre, which was very enlightening. And for a specific reason: since he had a partnership with Chamussy and Brunet (for a while and in particular conjunctures), this character gives us a narrative that corroborates certain interpretations about the movement, but also makes possible to highlight some discrepancy of impressions about it.

Motivados pelo objetivo de reunir e comparar versões sobre os significados e implicações do giro metodológico ocorrido na Geografia, entre os anos 1960 e 1970, apresentamos aqui uma amostra de depoimentos coletados junto a três importantes protagonistas da mudança científica em território francês. Entendemos que o valor dessas representações pessoais acerca dos episódios de época reside no fato de que elas, embora resultem de experiências singulares e possíveis idiossincrasias, por derivarem de uma apreciação reflexiva a posteriori (já distanciada daquele período), são muito úteis tanto para demonstrar os caracteres gerais do câmbio de paradigma (pela eventual confluência de suas impressões), quanto para atestar as ambiguidades inerentes (pelos virtuais dissensos). Nesta primeira parte, apresentamos os testemunhos de Henri Chamussy e Roger Brunet, os quais nos fazem perceber duas disposições particulares: uma, envolvendo espírito em relativo dilema; outra, parecendo indicar um gênio mais decididamente transgressor. Motivés par l’objectif de rassembler et de comparer des versions sur les significations et les implications du tournant méthodologique chez la Géographie, entre les années 1960 et 1970, nous présentons ici un échantillon de témoignages recueillis auprès de trois importants protagonistes du changement scientifique en France. Nous comprenons que la valeur de ces représentations personnelles à propos des épisodes de l’époque réside dans le fait que, bien qu’elles résultent d’expériences singulières et possiblement idiosyncratiques, vue qu’elles découlent d’une appréciation réflexive a posteriori (c’est-à-dire, déjà éloignée de la période en question), elles sont très utiles pour démontrer les caractéristiques générales du changement de paradigme (via confluence de leurs impressions), aussi bien que pour attester des ambiguïtés inhérentes (via virtuelle discordance). Dans cette première partie, nous présentons les témoignages d’Henri Chamussy et de Roger Brunet, lesquels incarnent deux dispositions particulières: l’une, impliquant un esprit en relatif dilemme; l’autre, semblant indiquer un génie résolument transgressif. Motivated by the objective of gathering and comparing versions about the meanings and implications of the methodological turn in Geography, between the 1960s and 1970s, we present here a sample of testimonies collected from three important protagonists of scientific change in France. We understand that the value of these personal representations about the events of that time lies in the fact that, although they result from singular experiences and possible idiosyncrasies, because they derive from an a posteriori reflexive appreciation (already distanced from that period), they are very useful both to demonstrate the general characters of the paradigm shift (by the possible confluence of their impressions), and to attest the inherent ambiguities (by virtual dissent). In this first part, we present the testimonies of Henri Chamussy and Roger Brunet, which make us realize two particular dispositions: one, involving a spirit in relative dilemma; another, seeming to indicate a more decidedly transgressive genius.

Motivated by the objective of gathering and comparing versions about the meanings and implications of the methodological turn in Geography, between the 1960s and 1970s, we present here a sample of testimonies collected from three important protagonists of scientific change in France. We understand that the value of these personal representations about the events of that time lies in the fact that, although they result from singular experiences and possible idiosyncrasies, because they derive from an a posteriori reflexive appreciation (already distanced from that period), they are very useful both to demonstrate the general characters of the paradigm shift (by the possible confluence of their impressions), and to attest the inherent ambiguities (by virtual dissent). In this first part, we present the testimonies of Henri Chamussy and Roger Brunet, which make us realize two particular dispositions: one, involving a spirit in relative dilemma; another, seeming to indicate a more decidedly transgressive genius.

Motivated by the objective of gathering and comparing versions about the meanings and implications of the methodological turn in Geography, between the 1960s and 1970s, we present here a sample of testimonies collected from three important protagonists of scientific change in France. We understand that the value of these personal representations about the events of that time lies in the fact that, although they result from singular experiences and possible idiosyncrasies, because they derive from a posteriori reflexive appreciation (already distanced from that period), they are very useful both to demonstrate the general characters of the paradigm shift (by the possible confluence of their impressions), and to attest the inherent ambiguities (by virtual dissent). In this second part, we present the testimony of Joël Charre, which was very enlightening. And for a specific reason: since he had a partnership with Chamussy and Brunet (for a while and in particular conjunctures), this character gives us a narrative that corroborates certain interpretations about the movement, but also makes possible to highlight some discrepancy of impressions about it.

The European academic literature on Western European political parties has always been comparative. Morever, it has favored general approaches that have led to the dissemination of global typologies. This chapter addresses the question of the place of the French case within this extensive literature on political parties: Does the French case count for the development of research on European political parties? To what extent does it fit into this comparative approach? Or does it challenge these global typologies? Furthermore, this chapter addresses the issue of the potential specificity of French research on political parties. How did French research on political parties develop? What are its major fields of interest? Is this research connected to English-language literature or isolated from it? In sum, the first group of questions considers French parties "from the outside", assessing how the comparative literature addresses French political parties. The second group reverses the logic and focuses on the French case "from the inside", asking how French scholars support or challenge the international frameworks of analysis. [First paragraph]

The European academic literature on Western European political parties has always been comparative. Morever, it has favored general approaches that have led to the dissemination of global typologies. This chapter addresses the question of the place of the French case within this extensive literature on political parties: Does the French case count for the development of research on European political parties? To what extent does it fit into this comparative approach? Or does it challenge these global typologies? Furthermore, this chapter addresses the issue of the potential specificity of French research on political parties. How did French research on political parties develop? What are its major fields of interest? Is this research connected to English-language literature or isolated from it? In sum, the first group of questions considers French parties "from the outside", assessing how the comparative literature addresses French political parties. The second group reverses the logic and focuses on the French case "from the inside", asking how French scholars support or challenge the international frameworks of analysis. [First paragraph]

International audience

The Supply Chain (SC) represents a complex and dynamic open system characterized by a dissipative structure and positive entropy (Wang, 2008). To better understand the SC dynamic behavior, we present in this paper a conceptual framework to explain how the SC complexity can decrease the operational performance and the value-added creation. A review of the literature shows that the SC positive entropy is a source of its inherent unnecessary uncertainty and its underperformance. Indeed, the non-linear interactions between the SC actors and their incapacity to share relevant information represent a source of several entropic behaviors. To reach our research objective, and after presenting the literature review of the SC complexity, we show that the incapacity to share relevant information and the ineffective traceability information management can represent a SC positive entropy amplification source. Then, we highlight how a traceability system and automatic information sharing process can reduce the Wood SC information dissipation and improve the wood allocation. After that, we use empirical results from the European project "Indisputable Key" to highlight how Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) traceability system can create "negative entropy" in the Wood SC, and improve the wood allocation by quickly allowing companies to access relevant wood information. Since the forest-wood sector is a low economical margin sector; any wood allocation improvement would be a source of added value and a competitive lever for companies.

To the Editor: The Polio Eradication Campaign was started in Thailand in 1990, and the last polio case was reported in April 1997. Although no new cases have been reported, the Polio Eradication Campaign continues with 4 prevention strategies: high coverage with 3 doses of oral polio in children

published in french : Villes et recompositions spatiales, in : G. Ferréol ed., Manuel de Sociologie, Bréal, coll. « Grand Amphi », Chapitre 11 : 271-298, 2004.; Cities are empirical realities, the concrete dimension of which is fundamental because it is thus that they present themselves through certain architectural styles, certain modes of circulation, habitation, activity, and populations that are more or less heterogeneous. But the sciences concerned with cities that appeared in the twentieth century sought to integrate descriptive intent with theoretical formulations so as to explain the agglomeration as a model, or system, corresponding to a certain type of space.First defined by all authors in contrast to the rural – in any case, until the mid-twentieth century –, this distinction gradually showed itself to be obsolete as the real and virtual boundaries between urban and rural spaces vanished. This fundamental transformation is one of the most stimulating aspects of contemporary thought on the city.

Working Paper n° 4, WP6, 2008. Accès internet : www.femipol.uni-frankfurt.de

Young people’s disaffection for science studies is a phenomenon common to many industrialized countries. It is too readily attributed to young people’s presumed image of science. In the French case it would be more accurate to attribute this phenomenon to socio-demographic causes. The fact that there is no simple connection between choice of higher education study path and disciplinary content is shown by a striking paradox: higher education enrolment in Physics-Chemistry began falling sharply in France at precisely the moment a Physics-Chemistry concentration was introduced at the lycee [high school] level. The explanation proposed here pertains to the French disciplinary hierarchy. For many lycee students, the choice of physics-chemistry rather than mathematics is associated with lower scholastic ambition, this in turn associated with lower scholastic performance and/or more modest social background. This observation is generalizable. One of the causes of disaffection for science studies in France is the increasingly less distinguishing character of lycee science studies. Over the last fifteen years and particularly since 1995, steadily increasing numbers of female lycee students, “average” students, and students of modest social background have chosen to obtain a science-concentration baccalaureat [lycee leaving examination and degree]. With all else kept equal, students in each of these categories, for reasons specific to it, are also less likely to opt for long higher education science studies.