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Gut, Brain, and Environment in Nineteenth-Century French Literature and Medicine offers a new way of conceptualizing food in literature: not as social or cultural symbol but as an agent within a network of relationships between body and mind and between humans and environment. By analysing gastrointestinal health in medical, literary, and philosophical texts, this volume rethinks the intersections between literature and health in the nineteenth century and triggers new debates about France's relationship with food. Of relevance to scholars of literature and to historians and sociologists of science, food, and medicine, it will provide ideal reading for students of French Literature and Culture, History, Cultural Studies, and History of Science and Medicine, Literature and Science, Food Studies, and the Medical Humanities. Readers will be introduced to new ways of approaching digestion in this period and will gain appreciation of the powerful resources offered by nineteenth-century French writing in understanding the nature of connections between gut, mind, and environment and the impact of these connections on our status as human beings.

The role of nineteenth-century French literature in a distinctively modern political movement When Parisian workers took to the streets in February 1848, they adopted the rallying cry of droit au travail (the right to work). That protesters increasingly framed employment as a political right represented a radical and modern development. But where had this idea originated? In her examination of this cause célèbre of France's Second Republic, Rebecca Powers shows that the redefinition of labor as a basic right sprang not only from political debates but also directly from contemporary literature. Powers charts the rise of this revolutionary concept through the tales of bourgeois dominance in the novels and newspaper articles of Honoré de Balzac. As Powers explains, this realist semiotician of French provincial and urban life par excellence was the first to attempt a definition of modern labor as an integral part of the emerging modern society. Powers makes clear how recognizing Balzac's influence on mid-nineteenth-century political discourse is essential to understanding the course of events in that earth-shaking year.

New translations of Persian literature into French, the invention of the Aryan myth, increased travel between France and Iran, and the unveiling of artefacts from ancient Susa at the Louvre Museum are among the factors that radically altered France's perception of Iran during the long nineteenth century. And this is reflected in the literary culture of the period. In an ambitious study spanning poetry, historiography, fiction, travel-writing, ballet, opera, and marionette theatre, Julia Hartley reveals the unique place that Iran held in the French literary imagination between 1829 and 1912. Iran's history and culture remained a constant source of inspiration across different generations and artistic movements, from the'Oriental'poems of Victor Hugo to those of Anna de Noailles and Théophile Gautier's strategic citation of Persian poetry to his daughter Judith Gautier's full-blown rewriting of a Persian epic. Writing about Iran could also serve to articulate new visions of world history and religion, as was the case in the intellectual debates that took place between Michelet, Renan, and Al-Afghani. Alternatively joyous, as in Félicien David's opera Lalla Roukh, and ominous, as in Massenet's Le Mage, Iran elicited a multiplicity of treatments. This is most obvious in the travelogues of Flandin, Gobineau, Loti, Jane Dieulafoy, and Marthe Bibesco, which describe the same cities and cultural practices in altogether different ways. Under these writers'pens, Iran emerges as both an Oriental other and an alter ego, its culture elevated above that of all other Muslim nations. At times this led French writers to critique notions of European superiority. But at others, they appropriated Iran as proto-European through racialist narratives that reinforced Orientalist stereotypes. Drawing on theories of Orientalism and cultural difference, this book navigates both sides of this fascinating and complex literary history. It is the first major study on the subject.

Despite long-standing assertions that languages, including French and English, cannot sufficiently communicate the experience of smell, much of France's nineteenth-century literature has gained praise for its memorable evocation of odours. As French perfume was industrialized, democratized, cosmeticized, and feminized in the nineteenth century, stories of fragrant scent trails aligned perfume with toxic behaviour and viewed a woman's scent as something alluring, but also something to be controlled. Drawing on a wealth of resources, Perfume on the Page in Nineteenth-Century France explores how fiction and related writing on olfaction meet, permeate, and illuminate one another. The book examines medical tracts, letters, manuscripts, posters, print advertisements, magazine articles, perfume manuals, etiquette books, interviews, and encounters with fragrant materials themselves. Cheryl Krueger explores how the olfactory language of a novel or poem conveys the distinctiveness of a text, its unique relationship to language, its style, and its ways of engaging the reader: its signature scent. Shedding light on the French perfume culture that we know today, Perfume on the Page in Nineteenth-Century France follows the scent trails that ultimately challenge us to read perfume and literature in new ways.

Le mythe de la malédiction littéraire né au xixe siècle est toujours vivant et prolifique. Gianpaolo Furgiuele montre dans cette étude que loin d'adhérer à une conception vraiment sacrale de la littérature, l'artiste maudit témoigne plutôt d'une stratégie de communication jouant sur l'opposition à la société et au succès. Ce phénomène à l'origine littéraire en est venu à influencer et façonner d'autres disciplines, comme la musique ou le cinéma. Il convient de revisiter ces auteurs, trop superficiellement présentés comme des « ratés » ou des « malheureux » par l'histoire et la littérature.Mais l'analyse du mythe et de son instrumentalisation est aussi l'occasion d'évoquer un petit groupe d'hommes nés pour occuper les premiers rangs dans notre histoire littéraire. Les circonstances ou la fortune ne leur ont pas permis de vivre assez longtemps pour conquérir la place qui leur était due. Ces femmes et ces hommes, par une fatalité singulière, sont morts jeunes et sans avoir pu dire leur dernier mot.

The Dreyfus Affair's Literary Politics offers a new interpretation of writers'political engagements in the crisis that ended the French nineteenth century, following the wrongful treason conviction of Captain Alfred Dreyfus. Émile Zola and three writers connected to him – Ferdinand Brunetière, Henry Céard and Saint-Georges de Bouhélier – drew on their affinities and antagonisms concerning Zola's naturalist fiction to shape their political discourse in the Dreyfus Affair. Zola and Bouhélier were Dreyfusard, Brunetière and Céard anti-Dreyfusard, yet in each case they transformed a vision of what literature should be into arguments about French national identity, the proper relationship between literary and political thought, and the tensions between individual rights and raison d'état.Developing a method entitled ‘microhistories of ideas,'Cooke shows that a longitudinal approach to each writer's career yields a set of central unit-ideas that reappear in the new, emotive context of the Affair. Through close readings of material such as pamphlets, newspaper columns and aesthetic essays, the significance of often ephemeral writing to the larger questions of intellectual history – and to the outcome of the Dreyfus Affair itself - becomes clear.

« Les dames auteurs se sont coalisées! » : ainsi est raillé en 1808 l'éphémère périodique L'Athénée des Dames, entièrement écrit par des femmes. La critique déplore le discours militant du journal, pouvant « passer pour une déclaration des droits de la femme ». L'évocation du manifeste proto-féministe d'Olympe de Gouges illustre l'articulation entre la question des droits des femmes et la situation des autrices, alors plus que jamais visibles et contestées. Comment les femmes de lettres interagissent-elles ensemble pour soutenir la cause des autrices? C'est ce que vous découvrirez dans cet ouvrage, à travers les publications et correspondances (souvent inédites) de douze Françaises et Italiennes avec une centaine de collègues, au cœur d'un contexte culturel et sociopolitique en pleine transformation (1770-1840). « The ladies authors have united! ». With these words literary critics greeted the 1808 debut of L'Athénée des Dames, a short-lived periodical written entirely by women. The journal was deplored by critics who complained that its militant style of discourse could “pass for a declaration of the rights of women”. As is indicated by the reference to Olympe de Gouges'proto-feminist manifesto, the question of women's rights and the situation of women authors were inextricably linked, all the more so as women authors were simultaneously achieving greater visibility and becoming more controversial. How did women authors come together to support the cause of women's authorship? In pursuing this question, I examine the publication of twelve French and Italian women, as well as their correspondence with scores of colleagues, many of which has not been previously published. These materials were produced during a period (1770-1840) of dramatic cultural and socio-political transformation.

This book focuses on Henry IV of France as he is presented in selected works by Voltaire, Alfred de Vigny, Alexandre Dumas père, and George Sand. The book depicts King Henry from his earliest years until his assassination, and shows how Henry was a dominant figure in life and an overwhelming figure as a memory in the minds of his descendants and his subjects. Special mention is made of the St. Bartholomew's Day's Massacre, the conquest of the throne, the Edict of Nantes, the religious conversions, and the ladies and multiple offspring of King Henry. This book will be of interest to students of both nineteenth-century French literature and sixteenth-century French history courses, as a text or as a supplement.

Should all mothers breast-feed their children? This question remains controversial in the twenty-first century. In an interview with the newspaper Liberation in 2010, feminist philosopher Elisabeth Badinter claimed that the pressure to breast-feed signified “a reduction of woman to the status of an animal species, as though we were all female chimpanzees.”The debate over maternal nursing held even more urgency before pasteurization provided a safe alternative in the early 1900s. While scholars of literary criticism and art history have described the abundance of breast-feeding imagery following the publication of Rousseau's Emile in 1762, little has been written on its manifestations in the nineteenth century. Despite an ongoing propaganda campaign to encourage mothers to nurse, reflected in such diverse sources as medical theses, paintings, and fictional cautionary tales, French mothers continued to entrust their infants to wet nurses more often and for longer than was the norm in other European countries throughout the nineteenth century and well into the twentieth.This book examines representations of breast-feeding in French literature and culture from 1800 to 1900 and their apparent dissonance with the socio-historical realities of French mothers.

Artificial Generation: Photogenic French Literature and the Prehistory of Cinematic Modernity investigates the intersection of film theory and nineteenth-century literature, arguing that the depth of amalgamation that occurred within literary representation during this era aims to replicate an illusion of life and its sensations, in ways directly related to broader transitions into our modern cinematic age. A key part of this evolution in representation relies on the continual re-emergence of the artificial woman as longstanding expression of masculine artistic subjectivity, which, by the later nineteenth century, becomes a photographic and filmic drive. Moving through the beginning of film history, from Georges Méliès and other “silent” filmmakers in the 1890s, into more contemporary movies, including Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo (1958) and Blade Runner 2049 (2017), the book analyzes how films are often structured around the prior century's mythic and literary principles, which now serve as foundation for film as medium—a phantom form for life's re-presentation. Artificial Generation provides a crucial reassessment of the longstanding, mutual exchange between cinematic and literary reproduction, offering an innovative perspective on the proto-cinematic imperative of simulation within nineteenth-century literary symbolism.

What happens if we read nineteenth-century and Victorian texts not for the autonomous liberal subject, but for singularity—for what is partial, contingent, and in relation, rather than what is merely'alone'? Feminine Singularity offers a powerful feminist theory of the subject—and shows us paths to thinking subjectivity, race, and gender anew in literature and in our wider social world. Through fresh, sophisticated readings of Lewis Carroll, Christina Rossetti, Charles Baudelaire, and Wilkie Collins in conversation with psychoanalysis, Black feminist and queer-of-color theory, and continental philosophy, Ronjaunee Chatterjee uncovers a lexicon of feminine singularity that manifests across poetry and prose through likeness and minimal difference, rather than individuality and identity. Reading for singularity shows us the ways femininity is fundamentally entangled with racial difference in the nineteenth century and well into the contemporary, as well as how rigid categories can be unsettled and upended. Grappling with the ongoing violence embedded in the Western liberal imaginary, Feminine Singularity invites readers to commune with the subversive potentials in nineteenth-century literature for thinking subjectivity today.

A comparative literary history that explores Robert Louis Stevenson and French literature.

The French in Macao in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries: Literary, Cultural, and Historical Perspectives investigates the role that Macao played as a meeting place of the East and the West during this period of time and its decline as a Portuguese colony in the eyes of the Europeans. The book provides a comprehensive view of representations of Macao as portrayed by the French. These texts in French have been studied less than Chinese or Portuguese texts on Macao. Overall, the book contributes to the study of colonial history, cultural studies, and China in the late Qing dynasty.

Le présent volume se propose de réfléchir sur les divers enjeux de la présence de l'animal dans la production littéraire d'expression française du XIXe siècle. La littérature de cette période n'est certes pas la première à représenter l'animal ; c'est pourtant à cette époque-là que l'on voit se multiplier les ouvrages consacrés aux animaux. Les auteurs, chercheurs dix-neuviémistes, démontrent le statut littéraire de l'animal, le personnage animal et sa relation avec le personnage humain (réel ou fictif), les frontières de l'animalité, l'animal fantastique et métaphorique, ou encore la bête devenue objet esthétique dans divers domaines d'art. Les nombreux aspects la problématique abordée épousent des approches souvent transgénériques et transdisciplinaires.

Literary Slumming: Slang and Class in Nineteenth-Century France applies a sociolinguistic approach to the representation of slang in French literature and dictionaries to reveal the ways in which upper-class writers, lexicographers, literary critics, and bourgeois readers participated in a sociolinguistic concept the author refers to as “literary slumming”, or the appropriation of lower-class and criminal language and culture. Through an analysis of spoken and embodied manifestations of the anti-language of slang in the works of Eugène François Vidocq, Honoré de Balzac, Eugène Sue, Victor Hugo, the Goncourt Brothers, and Émile Zola, Literary Slumming argues that the nineteenth-century French literary discourse on slang led to the emergence of this sociolinguistic phenomenon that prioritized lower-class and criminal life and culture in a way that ultimately expanded class boundaries and increased visibility and agency for minorities within the public sphere.

Between 1839 and the end of the nineteenth century, millions of nude photographs of the female form—artistic, pornographic, and everything in-between—were produced in France, the birthplace of photography. Drawing upon government records, legal decisions, newspaper accounts, and contemporary literature, Raisa Rexer recounts the history of these illicit and ubiquitous images and elucidates their immense cultural and artistic reach.Rexer focuses in particular on the ways that nude photographic imagery influenced some of the greatest authors of the period, including Charles Baudelaire, the Goncourt brothers, and Émile Zola, and sets their work against historical records and nonfiction print sources to tell the story of evolving perceptions of nude photography. In the period immediately after photography's invention, nude photographs were vitally connected to the questions of art and artistry, particularly with regard to photography's aspirations to high cultural status. By the end of the century, however, as production and sales expanded internationally and as photographs of nudes flooded the streets and shops, proliferation of these pictures was increasingly viewed as one of a host of social problems plaguing France.Illustrated with nearly ninety period images, The Fallen Veil offers the first full treatment of the photographic nude in the nineteenth century and considers how this history continues to influence many of the same questions we ask today about art, pornography, and the relation between the two.

This book traces the emergence of modern pessimism in nineteenth-century France and examines its aesthetic, epistemological, ethical, and political implications. It explores how, since pessimism as a worldview is not empirically verifiable, writers on pessimism shift the discussion to verisimilitude, opening up rich territory for cross-fertilization between philosophy and literature. The book traces debates on pessimism in the nineteenth century among French nonfiction writers who either lauded its promotion of compassion or condemned it for being a sick and unliveable attempt at renunciation. It then examines the way novelists and poets take up and transform these questions by portraying characters in lived situations that serve as testing grounds for the merits or limitations of pessimism. The debate on pessimism that emerged in the nineteenth century is still very much with us, and this book offers an interhistorical argument for embracing pessimism as a way of living well in the world, aesthetically, ethically, and politically.

The 19th-Century French Short Story, by eminent scholar, Allan H. Pasco, seeks to offer a more comprehensive view of the definition, capabilities, and aims of short stories. The book examines general instances of the genre specifically in 19th-century France by recognizing their cultural context, demonstrating how close analysis of texts effectively communicates their artistry, and arguing for a distinction between middling and great short stories. Where previous studies have examined the writers of short stories individually, The 19th-Century French Short Story takes a broader lens to the subject, and looks at short story writers as they grapple with the artistic, ethical, and social concerns of their day. Making use of French short story masterpieces, with reinforcing comparisons to works from other traditions, this book offers the possibility of a more adequate appreciation of the under-valued short story genre.

“Groskop skillfully juggles memoir, biography, philosophy, and literary criticism to create a delightful tour through some of French literature's greats.” —Madeline Miller, New York Times–bestselling authorLike many people the world over, Viv Groskop wishes she was a little more French. A writer, comedian, and journalist, Groskop studied the language obsessively starting at age 11, and spent every vacation in France, desperate to escape her Englishness and to have some French chic rub off on her. In Au Revoir, Tristesse, Groskop mixes literary history and memoir to explore how the classics of French literature can infuse our lives with joie de vivre and teach us how to say goodbye to sadness. From the frothy hedonism of Colette and the wit of Cyrano de Bergerac to the intoxicating universe of Marguerite Duras and the heady passions of Les Liaisons dangereuses, this is a love letter to great French writers. With chapters on Marcel Proust, Victor Hugo, Gustave Flaubert, Stendhal, Honoré de Balzac, Albert Camus, and of course Françoise Sagan, this is a delectable read for book lovers everywhere.“Ms. Groskop is a skilled raconteuse who brings people—and the page—to life. She writes with a self-deprecating appreciation of the Frenchman or -woman manqué(e) that lurks in us all. You don't have to be a savant to enjoy this book... Au Revoir, Tristesse will make a witty, seductive companion.” —The Wall Street Journal“Groskop's combination of her own memories, what the novels meant to her at different stages in her life, her description of the authors, along with her description of the novels, will have readers eagerly turning the book's pages.” —Forbes

En France comme en Grande-Bretagne, la fin du XIXe siècle semble hantée par les formes destructrices ou malveillantes de la féminité, que la figure de Salomé incarne d'une manière omniprésente et contradictoire. La danseuse fatale ne peut pourtant se comprendre que comme l'image inversée d'une féminité bienveillante et édifiante qui favorise, par son aptitude au sacrifice, le passage d'une ère à l'autre. L'auteur montre comment, sous la plume de Jean Lorrain, de Marie Corelli, de Henry Rider-Haggard ou de Renée Vivien, des silhouettes mythologiques, bibliques, typiques ou historiques invitent à nuancer l'omniprésence de la femme fatale dans le second dix-neuvième siècle et à interroger la notion même de fatalité. Alors que le XIXe siècle touche à sa fin, les représentations de la féminité bienveillante sont convoquées pour donner corps à des désirs symétriques, parfois inquiétants de similitude, à ceux incarnés par la hantise saloméenne. Dans cet ouvrage, la Vierge Marie, Ève, Lilith, l'androgyne, la religieuse, Jeanne d'Arc, Marie-Madeleine, Sapho ou encore Hypatie sont étudiées de manière à désenclaver la Décadence de ses ornières thématiques. Au miroir de la féminité bienveillante, la fin de siècle des héritiers de Baudelaire et du Cardinal Newman est ici étudiée comme une période de transition où s'exerce une tension entre fascination pour la chute et rêve de construction.

Advertising the Self in Renaissance France is a study of how authors and readers are represented in printed editions of three major literary figures of the French Renaissance: Jean Lemaire de Belges, Clément Marot, and François Rabelais. Print culture is marked by an anxiety of reception that became much more pronounced with increasingly anonymous and unpredictable readerships in the sixteenth century. To allay this anxiety, authors, as well as editors and printers, turned to self-fashioning in order to sell not only their books, but also particular ways of reading. They advertised correct modes of reading as transformative experiences that helped the actual reader attain the image of the ideal reader held up by the text and paratext, experiences provided by selfless authors. Thus, authorial personae were constructed around the self-fashioning offered to readers, creating an interdependent relationship that anticipated modern advertising. Published by University of Delaware Press. Distributed worldwide by Rutgers University Press.

This book examines the phenomenon of the reappearance of characters in nineteenth-century French fiction. It approaches this from a hitherto unexplored perspective: that of the twin history of the aesthetic notion of originality and the legal notion of literary property. While the reappearance of characters in the works of canonical authors such as Honoré de Balzac and Émile Zola is usually seen as a device which transforms the individual works of an author into a coherent whole, this book argues that the unprecedented systematisation of the reappearance of characters in the nineteenth century has to be seen within a wider cultural, economic, and legal context. While fictional characters are seen as original creations by their authors, from a legal point of view they are considered to be ‘ideas'which are not protected and can be appropriated by anyone. By co-examining the reappearance of characters in the work of canonical authors and their reappearances in unauthorised appropriations, such as stage adaptations and sequels, this book discusses a series of issues that have shaped our understanding of authorship, originality, and property.

What would love be if heterosexual couples were no longer assigned gender and sexual norms?Maxime Foerster examines the “heterosexual trouble” between men and women in nineteenth-century French Romantic and Decadent literature. Key works by authors ranging from George Sand to Charles Baudelaire persistently demonstrate that heterosexuality did not work: these authors, and many others, investigated the struggle that men and women alike waged against patriarchal norms. Whereas Romantic fiction dedicated itself to the reinvention of love, Decadence promoted sexual and gender deviance.In expertly evaluating the discord afflicting fictional heterosexual couples, male and female dandies, and doctors and their female patients, Foerster shows the crucial role that literature played in the fashioning of alternative identities. A concluding look at Proust's À la recherche du temps perdu traces the legacy of heterosexual trouble in the twentieth century.

Inventing the Popular: Working-Class Literature and Culture in Nineteenth-Century France explores texts written, published and disseminated by a politically and socially active group of working-class writers during the first half of the nineteenth century. Through a network of exchanges featuring newspapers, poems and prose fiction, these writers embraced a vision of popular culture that represented a clear departure from more traditional oral and printed forms of popular expression; at the same time, their writing strategically resisted nascent forms of mass culture, including the daily press and the serial novel. Coming into writing at a time when Romanticism had expanded beyond the borders of the lyric je, these poets explored the social dimensions of connectivity and social relation finding interlocutors and supporters in the likes of Pierre-Jean de Béranger, Alphonse de Lamartine, George Sand and Eugène Sue. The relationships they developed among themselves and the major figures of an increasingly socially-oriented Romanticism were as rich with emancipatory promise as well as with reactionary temptation. They constitute an extensive archive of everyday life and utopian anticipation that reframe social romanticism as a revelatory if problematic model of engaged writing.

L'aveugle a toujours été l'un des personnages les plus énigmatiques de l'histoire de la littérature : son infirmité physique, à laquelle correspond très souvent une forte sensibilité ainsi qu'une grande aptitude à la poésie et à la musique, l'empêche de connaître le visible immanent. Mais, de manière presque extraordinaire la cécité, lui permet d'accéder à l'invisible et d'atteindre la divinité. L'ouvrage vise à offrir une analyse approfondie de la thématique de la cécité, principalement à travers l'étude de la nouvelle Claire Lenoir (1867) de Villiers de l'Isle-Adam et du roman Emmurés (1894) de Lucien Descaves.

This volume examines the anxieties that caused many nineteenth-century writers to insist on literature as a laboured and labouring enterprise. Following Isaac D'Israeli's gloss on Jean de La Bruyère, it asks, in particular, whether writing should be ‘called working'. Whereas previous studies have focused on national literatures in isolation, this volume demonstrates the two-way traffic between British and French conceptions of literary labour. It questions assumed areas of affinity and difference, beginning with the labour politics of the early nineteenth century and their common root in the French Revolution. It also scrutinises the received view of France as a source of a ‘leisure ethic', and of British writers as either rejecting or self-consciously mimicking French models. Individual essays consider examples of how different writers approached their work, while also evoking a broader notion of ‘work ethics', understood as a humane practice, whereby values, benefits, and responsibilities, are weighed up.

'Filmmakers have drawn inspiration from the pages of Emile Zola from the earliest days of cinema. The ever-growing number of adaptations they have produced spans eras, genres, languages, and styles. In spite of the diversity of these approaches, numerous critics regard them as inferior copies of a superior textual original. But key novels by Zola resist this critical approach to adaptation. Both at the level of characterization and in terms of their own textual inheritance, they question the very possibility of origin, be it personal or textual. In the light of this questioning, the cinematic versions created from Zolas texts merit critical re-evaluation. Far from being facile copies of the nineteenth-century novelists works, these films assess their own status as adaptations, playing with both notions of artistic creation and their own artistic act. Kate Griffiths is a lecturer in French at Swansea University.'

'Whether in the pages of a trashy novel, in the glow of gaslights, in a dance hall, or on the walls of art galleries, the figure of the female dancer haunts nineteenth-century French culture. Artists and writers of all kinds took on la danseuse as an emblem of their own artistic prowess. They represented her alternately as an elusive ideal, a saucy prostitute, or a dangerous seductress. Dancers, in turn, produced their own images, novels and autobiographies, thereby contributing to an ongoing cultural debate around performance, spectatorship, desire, and art. In this interdisciplinary study of la danseuse, Julie Townsend examines the rise and fall of classical ballet, the phenomenon of the music hall, and the birth of modern dance. She highlights moments of representational crisis and emergent aesthetics in her consideration of poetry, novels, painting, early film, and women's autobiography.'

'Three years spent in France, during the'Second Empire'of Napoleon III, gave Henry James an early mastery of the French language and its literature. When he settled in Europe, as an adult, it was not in Britain but, briefly yet crucially, in Paris. This study identifies the'missing link'in the history of James's literary engagement with France, between Balzac, revered throughout his career, and later French writers. It was Second Empire writers who spurred James's own contribution to the novel. While realism courted official displeasure, culminating in the prosecution of Flaubert's Madame Bovary, and closure of the radical Revue de Paris which serialized it, the conservative Revue des Deux Mondes (to which James subscribed) enjoyed imperial approval. James remained indebted to the authors published in its pages - Edmond About, Victor Cherbuliez, and Octave Feuillet - to his close friend Paul Bourget, and to the era's greatest playwright, Alexandre Dumas fils.'

'The concept of dilettantism has not always been associated with amateurism or superficiality. It played a significant role in French and German critical writing from the late eighteenth century until the fin de siecle, embracing notions such as apprenticeship, fruitful error, parody, aestheticism and scepticism. Attempts to define dilettantism in a binary relationship with art have often been defeated by a fundamental ambivalence towards its values. The major texts on the subject are Goethe and Schiller's unfinished'dilettantism project'(1799) and Paul Bourget's essay on Ernest Renan (1882), although the term was also used by writers including Wieland, Baudelaire, Laforgue, Nietzsche, Hofmannsthal and Thomas Mann. In this wide-ranging study Richard Hibbitt provides the first book-length comparative analysis of the concept of dilettantism, tracing its chronological development and proposing a synthesis of its diverse aspects and values.'

This book is about reading Proust's novel via philosophical and musicological approaches to “modern” listening. It articulates how insights into the way we listen to and understand classical music inform the creation of literary meaning. It asks: are we to take at face value the ideas about art that the novel contains, or are those part of the fiction? Is there a difference between what the novel says and what it does, and how can music provide a key to answering that question? According to this study, Proust asks us to temporalize our interpretation by recognizing the distance between initial and final experiences of the novel, and by being open to the ways in which it challenges attempts at interpretive closure. Proust's novel responds to the kind of attentive and eternally changing perspectives that can be generated from music and our attempts to make sense of it.

'Against a backdrop of dizzying urbanization, French utopian thinkers of the nineteenth century set out to explore the transformative possibilities of the modern metropolis. Linking literary analyses with diverse strands of cultural and intellectual history, this study considers how the utopian vision of the city in turn came to impinge on prose writing by poets: in Saint-Simonian literature, and in texts by Theophile Gautier, Charles Baudelaire and Arthur Rimbaud. At points steeped in the hyperbolic rhetoric of utopian projects, these texts nonetheless wear away at the internal coherence of that rhetoric and the idealizing meanings it supports. What emerges from Greg Kerr's analysis is a hitherto unfamiliar dimension of these writings, revealing the alertness of some of the greatest exponents of nineteenth-century poetry to the dynamic possibilities of utopian writing, and suggesting new ways to understand the evolution of poetic discourse across the century. Greg Kerr is Lecturer in French at the University of Lancaster.'

This book examines literary representations of various art forms in a series of major texts from the Romantic period of French literature (1800-1850). There has been considerable recent critical interest in intermediality--and specifically in ekphrasis, or the verbal representation of a visual work--in Western European literature, but little attention has been given to French writers in this tradition. French poets and novelists made a concerted effort, however, to develop interarts relations in the first half of the nineteenth century, even before Baudelaire articulated his famous concept of the correspondences among the arts. Henry Majewski explores efforts to represent and interpret various artworks in poems and novels by a diverse collection of writers including Hugo, Gautier, Michelet, Nerval, Sand, and Balzac.

« La Chose de Waterloo » : l'expression inventée par Victor Hugo dit bien la difficulté qu'il y a à qualifier la bataille du 18 juin 1815. Qu'est-elle devenue au fur et à mesure de ses incessantes évocations depuis deux cents ans dans les textes les plus divers (livres d'histoire, Mémoires, roman, poésie, théâtre)? L'ouvrage veut comprendre les ressorts de cette incantation prolongée qui, à force de narrer toujours les mêmes événements, en précise et en brouille tout à la fois le souvenir. La question est approchée à travers l'étude des représentations littéraires les plus célèbres de la bataille (Stendhal, Hugo), mais aussi de textes beaucoup plus rares.Victor Hugo's expression « La Chose de Waterloo » emphasizes the two hundred year quandary of adequately describing the battle, held on June 18th 1815. What are the various ways in which a variety of texts (history books, memoirs, novels, poetry, plays) have tried to evoke this event? This book tries to understand the mechanisms of this phenomenon which, by telling the same events over and over, makes them more precise and less clear at the same time. The question is approached through the study of some of the most famous literary representations of the battle (Stendhal, Hugo), but also through less well-known texts.Avec des contributions de/contributors: Andrea Del Lungo, Philippe Dufour, Jean-Marc Hovasse, Jean-Marc Largeaud, Boris Lyon-Caen, Catherine Mariette, Claude Millet, Jacques Neefs, Michael Rosenfeld, Tiphaine Samoyault, Nathalie Saudo-Welby, Nicole Savy, Pierre Schoentjes, Catriona Seth, Alain Vaillant, Damien Zanone.

Paru en 1885, Germinal, le roman de d'Émile Zola, occupe toujours le devant de la scène littéraire et sociale. Entre viol de la nature et nostalgie d'une poésie champêtre, quelle est l'évolution artistique de la mine dans la littérature française avant Germinal? Quel sens proposent les textes précurseurs du roman? Sont-ils évocateurs nostalgiques d'un monde terrible et fraternel? Que nous révèle la construction du roman, sa genèse, les moments clés tant de l'énonciation que de l'énoncé? Quel sens a eu le roman pour ses contemporains, pour ses lecteurs, la réception en France et à l'étranger, la censure, les adaptations théâtrales et musicales? Et quel est le sens des appropriations sociales au XXe siècle, des interprétations et réinterprétations modernes dans les arts visuels? Telles sont quelques-unes des questions auxquelles Germinal, la mine et les arts essaie de répondre. Réunissant des études de spécialistes universitaires, ce volume contribue à une histoire littéraire en participant à une histoire culturelle.

Die Kindler Kompakt Bände präsentieren in handlicher Form die 30 - 40 wichtigsten Autoren und Werke einer Literatur eines Jahrhunderts. Auf 192 Seiten werden sie vorgestellt. Dazu gibt es eine kompakte Einleitung des Herausgebers. Hier werden die Epochen verortet, die großen Linien gezogen, das Wesentliche zusammengefasst. Das alles handlich und in schöner Form, zweifarbige Gestaltung, lesbarer Satz. Schöne literarische Begleiter in allen Lebenslagen - wer Klassiker kauft, wird von Kindler Kompakt begeistert sein!

In this innovative study, the author carves out a new field, a sociology of literature in which he offers insightful commentary about the nexus of literature and society. Calling on history, sociology, and psychology as well as literature as points of reference, Allan Pasco examines the conceptual shift in the ideal of love in eighteenth-century France. Pasco explores the radical, though gradual, changes that occurred during the Enlightenment with respect to how the emotion of love was viewed. Earlier, love had been subordinate to the demands of family, king, and deity; passion was dangerous, and to be avoided. But over time, individual happiness became the'greatest good,'and passion the measure of love. Authors as diverse as Marivaux, Marmontel, Rousseau, Baculard d'Arnaud, Pigault-Lebrun and Madame de Staël make it clear that the ideal of rapturous love did not live up to its billing: it did not last, and it brought destructive fantasies, an epidemic of disease, the'scourge'of divorce, and considerable anguish. Still, as Pasco points out, passion became and remained the ideal, and the Romantics were left to plumb its nature.

Melding the fields of literature, sociology, and history, this book develops analyses of the ten novels in Balzac's Scènes de la vie de province. Following the order of the novels projected in La Comédie humaine, Allan H. Pasco investigates how Balzac used art as a tool of social inquiry to obtain startlingly accurate insights into the relationships that defined his turbulent society. His repeated claim to be an'historian of manners'was more than an empty boast. Though Balzac was first and foremost a great novelist, he was also a trailblazing sociologist, joining Henri de Saint-Simon and the subsequent Auguste Comte in considering the relationships that represent society as an interacting, interlocking web. Using a methodology that combines close analysis with a broad cultural context, Pasco demonstrates that Balzac's sociological vision was extraordinarily pertinent to both his and our days.

Extrait :'On en était au lendemain du succès de Lucrèce; le quartier général avoué des meneurs était dans un coin d'estaminet, caché un peu avant l'angle de la rue Molière et de la rue Vaugirard, sous la maison même de Jules Janin. Pendant que le critique expérimenté souriait en haut de l'œil d'un homme qui regarde une émeute qui passe, la jeunesse emportée,– était-ce bien toujours seulement la jeunesse?– verdissait de colère en bas et brisait d'enthousiasme les tables du lieu'.À PROPOS DES ÉDITIONS LIGARAN : Les éditions LIGARAN proposent des versions numériques de grands classiques de la littérature ainsi que des livres rares, dans les domaines suivants : • Fiction : roman, poésie, théâtre, jeunesse, policier, libertin. • Non fiction : histoire, essais, biographies, pratiques.

Arguing that cruelty acquires a new meaning in modernity, The Entrapments of Form follows its evolution through exchanges between French and American literature over the contradictions of Enlightenment (slavery, genocide, libertine aristocratic privilege). Catherine Toal traces Edgar Allan Poe's influence on the Sadean legacy, Melville's fictional dramatization of Tocqueville, and Henry James's response to the aesthetic of his French contemporaries, including Flaubert. The result is not simply a work that provides close readings of key literary texts of the nineteenth century—Benito Cereno, The Turn of the Screw, Les Chants de Maldoror—but one that shows how in this era cruelty develops a specific narrative structure, one that is confirmed by the manner of its negation in twentieth-century philosophy. The final chapters address this shift: the postwar French reception of Sade and the relationship between American cultural theory and the rhetoric of the so-called war on terror.

Becoming French explores the geographical shift that occurs in French society during the first four decades of France's Third Republic government. Dana Kristofor Lindaman provides the historical context that led to the explosion of geographic interest at the end of the nineteenth century, exploring the ways that the work of the geographers Paul Vidal de la Blache and Élisée Reclus served as a conceptual basis for abstract notions of the nation such as la Patrie. Lindaman then uses Reclus's formulation of the earth as'une organisme terrestre'(terrestrial organism) to read Jules Verne's Voyage au centre de la terre (Journey to the Center of the Earth) as a journey to the center of the individual self. Finally, he traces the geographic narrative of G. Bruno's Tour de la France par deux enfants, in particular the way that Bruno's work incorporates the geographic thought of Vidal de la Blache, to discover the organic ties that bind readers through the shared experience of reading the text.

S'il y a une véritable légitimité à considérer que la critique littéraire des XIXe et XXe siècles constitue un ensemble qui mérite d'être cartographié pour lui-même, c'est que le terme de littérature, autour de 1800, vient supplanter celui de Belles-Lettres naguère ouvertes à un espace plus large que nos trois genres — la poésie, le théâtre et le roman —, et c'est aussi que, dans le même temps, disparaissent les Arts poétiques et leurs prescriptions : l'imitation des modèles maintenant a vécu, comme la mimèsis héritée d'Aristote, et la rhétorique dont le code contraignant bridait l'inventivité du Sujet est de plus en plus contestée.Par ailleurs, à côté de la parole que les écrivains eux-mêmes peuvent tenir sur la littérature, le développement de la presse, désormais, permet l'essor de la critique journalistique tandis que la refondation de l'Université au début du Premier Empire ouvre à un discours érudit qui va peu à peu gagner en rigueur et élaborer de véritables méthodes. Trois critiques se mettent en place qui permettent la constitution d'un savoir sur la littérature, mais un savoir où l'apport de chacune d'elles varie selon les époques : l'ambition de ce livre est ainsi de présenter doctrines et méthodes, de préciser le mouvement dans lequel elles se sont trouvées prises ou qu'elles ont initié, et de dégager les lignes de force qui ont traversé deux siècles de critique.

When Louis XVIII returned to the throne in 1814, and again in 1815, France embarked upon a period of uneasy cohabitation between the old and the new. The writers of the age, who included Chateaubriand, Stendhal, Balzac, and Mme de Duras, agreed that they lived at a historical turning point, a transitional moment whose outcome, though still uncertain, would transform the French way of life--beginning with the French way of love. The literary works of the Bourbon Restoration ceaselessly return to the themes of love, sex, and marriage, partly as vital cultural questions in their own right, but also as a means of critiquing the deficiencies of past regimes, negotiating the politics of the present, and imagining the shape of the political future. In the literature of the Restoration, love and politics become entwined in a mutually metaphorical embrace. The Amorous Restoration, the first book in English devoted to literary and cultural life under the last Bourbon kings, considers this relationship in all its richness and many contradictions. Long neglected as a drab historical backwater, the Restoration emerges here as a vibrant era, one rife with sharp cultural and political disagreements, and possessed of an especially refined sense of allusion, discretion, and even humour. Drawing on literature, journalism, political writing, life writing, and gossip, The Amorous Restoration vividly recreates the erotic sensibilities of a pivotal moment in the transition from an amorous old regime to erotic--and political--modernity.

The cult of decadence is usually dismissed as an eccentricity of French literature, a final twitter of Romantic neurosis, convulsing the lunatic fringe of letters during the last third of the nineteenth century. However, the nineteenth century's preoccupation with decadence provides us with a key to the secret places of its thought, to all the obscure passages and backstairs behind the triumphant façade. Between 1814 and 1914, there was no sense of disaster, no tragic sense. Civilization had become a habit, a side product of political constitutions and applied science. History was viewed pragmatically: of what use were such traditional symbols as throne and altar? Both are essentially propitiatory, evidence of man's uneasy knowledge that power is dangerous and destiny implacable. And both seemed anachronisms in a world where (it was thought) human reason had solved or would solve all the old problems. The theory of decadence is very largely a protest against this comfortable belief. Had the decadents not written, we should hardly suspect that the nineteenth century suffered from the same doubts and hesitations as all other ages, before and since.

Extrait :'Dans les Echos de Paris de l'un de nos plus spirituels journaux de littérature légère, du 24 mai 1864, je découvris mon nom, pauvre éditeur, jadis assez connu, aujourd'hui parfaitement oublié, parmi ceux de certains personnages qui,'jaloux de se faire mousser, n'importe à quel prix, ont l'habitude de crier par-dessus les toits : J'ai été l'intime ami de telles ou telles célébrités littéraires contemporaines défuntes.''

Extrait :'FRANCIS JAMMES - Voici un poète bucolique. Il y a Virgile, et peut-être Racan, et un peu Segrais. Nulle sorte de poète n'est plus rare : il faut vivre à l'écart dans les vraies maisons de jadis, à la lisière des bois gardés par les seules ronces, au milieu des ormes noirs, des chênes ridés et des hêtres à la peau douce comme celle d'une amie très aimée...'

Extrait :'– Ah! c'est vous, Bergerat!... Ravi de vous rencontrer. Je viens de faire un quatrain en marchant. Tant pis pour vous, vous en aurez l'étrenne. – Bénis les dieux, mon cher Becque, d'avoir dirigé mes pas sur la pente du Pinde où vous glissez. J'écoute votre quatrain déambulatoire.'À PROPOS DES ÉDITIONS LIGARAN : Les éditions LIGARAN proposent des versions numériques de grands classiques de la littérature ainsi que des livres rares, dans les domaines suivants : • Fiction : roman, poésie, théâtre, jeunesse, policier, libertin. • Non fiction : histoire, essais, biographies, pratiques.

Extrait :'L'histoire de la Muse française n'est pas encore écrite. On ne saurait reconnaître, en effet, le caractère historique aux nombreux essais dont ce recueil fameux a été l'objet depuis tantôt trente ans. Quel que soit leur intérêt au point de vue critique, ils sont tous ou muets ou mal renseignés sur les circonstances qui entourèrent la fondation de la Muse, sur les conditions matérielles qui lui servirent de base dans le présent et de garantie dans l'avenir, sur...'À PROPOS DES ÉDITIONS LIGARANLes éditions LIGARAN proposent des versions numériques de qualité de grands livres de la littérature classique mais également des livres rares en partenariat avec la BNF. Beaucoup de soins sont apportés à ces versions ebook pour éviter les fautes que l'on trouve trop souvent dans des versions numériques de ces textes. LIGARAN propose des grands classiques dans les domaines suivants : • Livres rares• Livres libertins• Livres d'Histoire• Poésies• Première guerre mondiale• Jeunesse• Policier