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9. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of prostaglandin and prostamide therapy for patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension

Author

Frenkel Ronald EP, Frenkel Max, and Toler Allison

Subjects
Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract

Abstract Background To determine monthly cost and cost effectiveness of bilateral prostaglandin/prostamide therapy for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients taking bimatoprost 0.03% (Lumigan®, Allergan, Inc.), latanoprost 0.005% (Xalatan®, Pfizer, Inc.), or travoprost 0.004% (Travatan®, Alcon Laboratories, Inc.). Methods Drops in five new 2.5-mL bottles were counted and then averaged for each drug. Average retail price was determined by surveys of pharmacies. Drop count, average retail price, average wholesale price, and IOP reduction data were used to compute annual cost, and cost effectiveness (annual cost-per-mm Hg of IOP reduction) of the three drugs. Results Drops per 2.5-mL bottle averaged 113 for bimatoprost 0.03%, 84 for latanoprost 0.005%, and 83 for travoprost 0.004%. Average retail cost (2005) per bottle was $69.99 for bimatoprost 0.03%, $61.69 for latanoprost 0.005%, and $66.37 for travoprost 0.004%. The monthly retail cost of bilateral therapy was $37.92 for bimatoprost 0.03%, $44.75 for latanoprost 0.005%, and $49.25 for travoprost 0.004%. Cost effectiveness ranges were $57 to $65 per mm Hg reduction in IOP per year for bimatoprost, 0.03%, $67 to $90 per mm Hg for latanoprost 0.005%, and $74 to $84 per mm Hg for travoprost 0.004%. Conclusion Bimatoprost 0.03% had the lowest monthly and annual costs and the greatest cost effectiveness for lowering IOP compared with latanoprost 0.005% and travoprost 0.004%.

Published
2007
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14. Intraocular Pressure Effects of Pegaptanib (Macugen) Injections in Patients With and Without Glaucoma

Author

Frenkel, Ronald E.P., Mani, Lakshmi, Toler, Allison R., and Frenkel, Max P.C.

Subjects
Glaucoma -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2007.01.052 Byline: Ronald E.P. Frenkel (a)(b), Lakshmi Mani (a), Allison R. Toler (a)(b), Max P.C. Frenkel (a) Abstract: To determine if pegaptanib (Macugen) [Eyetech Pharmaceuticals; Pfizer Inc, New York, New York, USA] injections cause adverse intraocular pressure (IOP) effects in patients with and without glaucoma. Author Affiliation: (a) Eye Research Foundation, Stuart, Florida (b) East Florida Eye Institute, Stuart, Florida. Article History: Accepted 26 January 2007

Published
2007

15. Reply

Author

Frenkel, Ronald, primary, Mani, Lakshmi, additional, Toler, Allison R., additional, and Frenkel, Max P.C., additional

Published
2008
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19. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of prostaglandin and prostamidetherapy for patients with glaucoma or ocular hypertension.

Author

Frenkel, Ronald E. P., Frenkel, Max, and Toler, Allison

Subjects
COST effectiveness, PROSTAGLANDINS, INTRAOCULAR pressure, DRUG prices, MEDICAL care costs, DRUGSTORES
Abstract

Background: To determine monthly cost and cost effectiveness of bilateral prostaglandin/ prostamide therapy for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients taking bimatoprost 0.03% (Lumigan®, Allergan, Inc.), latanoprost 0.005% (Xalatan®, Pfizer, Inc.), or travoprost 0.004% (Travatan®, Alcon Laboratories, Inc.). Methods: Drops in five new 2.5-mL bottles were counted and then averaged for each drug. Average retail price was determined by surveys of pharmacies. Drop count, average retail price, average wholesale price, and IOP reduction data were used to compute annual cost, and cost effectiveness (annual cost-per-mm Hg of IOP reduction) of the three drugs. Results: Drops per 2.5-mL bottle averaged 113 for bimatoprost 0.03%, 84 for latanoprost 0.005%, and 83 for travoprost 0.004%. Average retail cost (2005) per bottle was $69.99 for bimatoprost 0.03%, $61.69 for latanoprost 0.005%, and $66.37 for travoprost 0.004%. The monthly retail cost of bilateral therapy was $37.92 for bimatoprost 0.03%, $44.75 for latanoprost 0.005%, and $49.25 for travoprost 0.004%. Cost effectiveness ranges were $57 to $65 per mm Hg reduction in IOP per year for bimatoprost, 0.03%, $67 to $90 per mm Hg for latanoprost 0.005%, and $74 to $84 per mm Hg for travoprost 0.004%. Conclusion: Bimatoprost 0.03% had the lowest monthly and annual costs and the greatest cost effectiveness for lowering IOP compared with latanoprost 0.005% and travoprost 0.004%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2007
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21. ZURICH

Author

Frenkel, Max

Published
1998

24. Highly multiplexed design of an allosteric transcription factor to sense novel ligands.

Author

Nishikawa KK, Chen J, Acheson JF, Harbaugh SV, Huss P, Frenkel M, Novy N, Sieren HR, Lodewyk EC, Lee DH, Chávez JL, Fox BG, and Raman S

Abstract

Allosteric transcription factors (aTF), widely used as biosensors, have proven challenging to design for detecting novel molecules because mutation of ligand-binding residues often disrupts allostery. We developed Sensor-seq, a high-throughput platform to design and identify aTF biosensors that bind to non-native ligands. We screened a library of 17,737 variants of the aTF TtgR, a regulator of a multidrug exporter, against six non-native ligands of diverse chemical structures - four derivatives of the cancer therapeutic tamoxifen, the antimalarial drug quinine, and the opiate analog naltrexone - as well as two native flavonoid ligands, naringenin and phloretin. Sensor-seq identified novel biosensors for each of these ligands with high dynamic range and diverse specificity profiles. The structure of a naltrexone-bound design showed shape-complementary methionine-aromatic interactions driving ligand specificity. To demonstrate practical utility, we developed cell-free detection systems for naltrexone and quinine. Sensor-seq enables rapid, scalable design of new biosensors, overcoming constraints of natural biosensors.

Published
2024
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25. Discovering chromatin dysregulation induced by protein-coding perturbations at scale.

Author

Frenkel M, Hujoel MLA, Morris Z, and Raman S

Abstract

Although population-scale databases have expanded to millions of protein-coding variants, insight into variant mechanisms has not kept pace. We present PROD-ATAC, a high-throughput method for discovering the effects of protein-coding variants on chromatin. A pooled library of variants is expressed in a disease-agnostic cell line, and single-cell ATAC resolves each variant's effect on chromatin. Using PROD-ATAC, we characterized the effects of >100 oncofusions (a class of cancer-causing chimeric proteins) and controls and revealed that pioneer activity is a common feature of fusions spanning an enormous range of fusion frequencies. Further, fusion-induced dysregulation can be context-agnostic as observed mechanisms often overlapped with cancer and cell-type specific prior knowledge. We also showed that gain-of-function pioneering is common among oncofusions. This work provides a global view of fusion-induced chromatin. We uncovered convergent mechanisms among disparate oncofusions and shared modes of dysregulation across different cancers. PROD-ATAC is generalizable to any set of protein-coding variants., Competing Interests: Ethics declaration The authors declare no competing interests.

Published
2023
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