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2. IARC monographs: 40 years of evaluating carcinogenic hazards to humans.

Author

Pearce, Neil, Blair, Aaron, Vineis, Paolo, Ahrens, Wolfgang, Andersen, Aage, Anto, Josep M, Armstrong, Bruce K, Baccarelli, Andrea A, Beland, Frederick A, Berrington, Amy, Bertazzi, Pier Alberto, Birnbaum, Linda S, Brownson, Ross C, Bucher, John R, Cantor, Kenneth P, Cardis, Elisabeth, Cherrie, John W, Christiani, David C, Cocco, Pierluigi, Coggon, David, Comba, Pietro, Demers, Paul A, Dement, John M, Douwes, Jeroen, Eisen, Ellen A, Engel, Lawrence S, Fenske, Richard A, Fleming, Lora E, Fletcher, Tony, Fontham, Elizabeth, Forastiere, Francesco, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Fritschi, Lin, Gerin, Michel, Goldberg, Marcel, Grandjean, Philippe, Grimsrud, Tom K, Gustavsson, Per, Haines, Andy, Hartge, Patricia, Hansen, Johnni, Hauptmann, Michael, Heederik, Dick, Hemminki, Kari, Hemon, Denis, Hertz-Picciotto, Irva, Hoppin, Jane A, Huff, James, Jarvholm, Bengt, Kang, Daehee, Karagas, Margaret R, Kjaerheim, Kristina, Kjuus, Helge, Kogevinas, Manolis, Kriebel, David, Kristensen, Petter, Kromhout, Hans, Laden, Francine, Lebailly, Pierre, LeMasters, Grace, Lubin, Jay H, Lynch, Charles F, Lynge, Elsebeth, 't Mannetje, Andrea, McMichael, Anthony J, McLaughlin, John R, Marrett, Loraine, Martuzzi, Marco, Merchant, James A, Merler, Enzo, Merletti, Franco, Miller, Anthony, Mirer, Franklin E, Monson, Richard, Nordby, Karl-Cristian, Olshan, Andrew F, Parent, Marie-Elise, Perera, Frederica P, Perry, Melissa J, Pesatori, Angela Cecilia, Pirastu, Roberta, Porta, Miquel, Pukkala, Eero, Rice, Carol, Richardson, David B, Ritter, Leonard, Ritz, Beate, Ronckers, Cecile M, Rushton, Lesley, Rusiecki, Jennifer A, Rusyn, Ivan, Samet, Jonathan M, Sandler, Dale P, de Sanjose, Silvia, Schernhammer, Eva, Costantini, Adele Seniori, Seixas, Noah, Shy, Carl, Siemiatycki, Jack, and Silverman, Debra T

Subjects
Humans, Neoplasms, Carcinogens, Environmental, Public Health, Biomedical Research, Publications, International Agencies, Environmental Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences, Toxicology
Abstract

BackgroundRecently, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Programme for the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans has been criticized for several of its evaluations, and also for the approach used to perform these evaluations. Some critics have claimed that failures of IARC Working Groups to recognize study weaknesses and biases of Working Group members have led to inappropriate classification of a number of agents as carcinogenic to humans.ObjectivesThe authors of this Commentary are scientists from various disciplines relevant to the identification and hazard evaluation of human carcinogens. We examined criticisms of the IARC classification process to determine the validity of these concerns. Here, we present the results of that examination, review the history of IARC evaluations, and describe how the IARC evaluations are performed.DiscussionWe concluded that these recent criticisms are unconvincing. The procedures employed by IARC to assemble Working Groups of scientists from the various disciplines and the techniques followed to review the literature and perform hazard assessment of various agents provide a balanced evaluation and an appropriate indication of the weight of the evidence. Some disagreement by individual scientists to some evaluations is not evidence of process failure. The review process has been modified over time and will undoubtedly be altered in the future to improve the process. Any process can in theory be improved, and we would support continued review and improvement of the IARC processes. This does not mean, however, that the current procedures are flawed.ConclusionsThe IARC Monographs have made, and continue to make, major contributions to the scientific underpinning for societal actions to improve the public's health.

Published
2015

9. Mortality of Short-Term Workers in Two International Cohorts

Author

Boffetta, Paolo, Sali, Davide, Kolstad, Henrik, Coggon, David, Olsen, Jorgen, Andersen, Aage, Spence, Alan, Pesatori, Angela C., Lynge, Elsebeth, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Chang-Claude, Jenny, Lundberg, Ingvar, Biocca, Marco, Gennaro, Valerio, Teppo, Lyly, Partanen, Timo, Welp, Esther, Saracci, Rodolfo, and Kogevinas, Manolis

Published
1998

16. Magen

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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17. Leber

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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18. Gehirn

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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19. Dickdarm

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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20. Bauchspeicheldrüse

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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21. Niere

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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22. Speiseröhre

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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24. Harnblase

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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25. Non-Hodgkin-Lymphome

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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26. Prostata

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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27. Eierstock

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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28. Knochen

Author

Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Wagner, Gustav, Becker, Nikolaus, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, and Wagner, Gustav

Published
1984
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30. Krebs der Bauchspeicheldrüse

Author

Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, Wiebelt, Hans, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, and Wiebelt, Hans

Published
1979
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31. Mastdarmkrebs

Author

Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, Wiebelt, Hans, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, and Wiebelt, Hans

Published
1979
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32. Krebs der Vorsteherdrüse

Author

Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, Wiebelt, Hans, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, and Wiebelt, Hans

Published
1979
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33. Gebärmutterkrebs

Author

Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, Wiebelt, Hans, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, and Wiebelt, Hans

Published
1979
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34. Brustkrebs

Author

Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, Wiebelt, Hans, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, and Wiebelt, Hans

Published
1979
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35. Lungenkrebs

Author

Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, Wiebelt, Hans, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, and Wiebelt, Hans

Published
1979
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37. Einführung

Author

Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, Wiebelt, Hans, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Leutner, Rudolf, Wagner, Gustav, and Wiebelt, Hans

Published
1979
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38. Buchbesprechungen

Author

Gerber, Niklaus J., Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Grüninger, Ueli, Bucher, Heiner, Brunner, Anne, and Hornung, Rainer

Published
1991
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42. Vegetarian diets and colon cancer: the German experience

Author

Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer and Chang-Claude, Jenny

Subjects
Vegetarianism -- Health aspects, Colorectal cancer -- Risk factors, Fiber in human nutrition -- Health aspects, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

The study assessed mortality and morbidity risks as related to nutritional status of moderate and strict vegetarians in Germany. The total cohort of 1904 self-identified persons was followed up for 11 y. Compared with national mortality rates for Federal Republic of Germany, the observed deaths for all causes were below expectation by a factor of 0.44 for men and 0.53 for women. The mortality for colon cancer was reduced [standardized mortality ration (SMR 44.1 for men and 77.9 for women]. No deaths were observed from rectal cancer. A vegetarian lifestyle of long duration ([greater than or equal to] 20 y) associated with decreased overall and cancer mortality. Other determinants of decreased cause-specific mortality were physical activity, body weight, and strictness of adherence to the lifestyle. The relationship between a vegetarian and fiber-rich diet and a decreased risk for colon cancer has been reported in many studies. In this study, the influence of other factors such as health-conscious behavior and a healthy lifestyle seem to indicate partly stronger effects than nutrition itself. This may explain the generally better health of moderate vegetarians.

Published
1994

44. Life style and occupational risk factors for bladder cancer in Germany: a case-control study

Author

Kunze, Ekkehard, Chang-Claude, Jenny, and Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer

Subjects
Bladder cancer -- Risk factors, Cancer -- Case studies, Smoking -- Health aspects, Workplace accidents -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

A hospital-based, case-control study of 531 male and 144 female matched pairs was conducted in Germany to analyze the role of nonoccupational and occupational risk factors in the etiology of tumors of the lower urinary tract (bladder cancer). Smoking of cigarettes was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 3.6 for men and 3.2 for women, compared with not smoking and showed a significant dose- and time-response relationship for both sexes. Heavy pipe smoking significantly increased the risk (OR = 1.9 in men), and smoking of cigars did not alter the risk of bladder cancer. Controlling for smoking, a significantly twofold or more increase in risk was found for heavy consumption of coffee in both sexes and for heavy intake of beer in males. Increasing levels of total fluid intake were associated with increasing, smoking-adjusted risks in men. Significant associations were found for chronic infection of the lower urinary tract (OR = 1.8), familial history of bladder cancer (OR = 2.5), and frequent consumption of high fat meals (OR = 1.4) among men and for frequent consumption of canned food in both sexes (OR = 1.7 for males, 2.4 for females). With regard to occupational history, significantly elevated odds ratios were found for ever-employment in the printing (5.0), plastics and synthetics (2.6), rubber (2.5), mining (2.0), and dyestuffs (1.9) industries, for exposure to spray paints (2.9), zinc (2.3), chromium/chromate (2.2), oils (1.5), petroleum (1.4), stone dust (1.4) and metal dust/fumes (1.3), and for occupation as mining worker (2.0) and truck driver (1.8) among men. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed significant contribution of coffee and beer drinking, ingestion of canned food, and familial occurrence of urothelial tumors to the risk of bladder cancer in men after accounting for the effects of tobacco smoking, occupational exposures, and a history of bladder infection. These other variables did not influence the risk attributable to occupational exposures. Cancer 1992; 69:1776-1790.

Published
1992

49. Cancer risk for European asphalt workers

Author

Partanen, Timo J, Boffetta, Paolo, Heikkilä, Pirjo R, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer R, Heederik, Dick, Hours, Martine, Järvholm, Bengt G, Kauppinen, Timo P, Kromhout, Hans, Langård, Sverre, Svane, Ole B, Bernstein, Martine, Bertazzi, Pier A, Kogevinas, Manolis, Neuberger, Manfred A, Pannett, Brian, and Sunyer, Jordi

Published
1995

50. The man-made mineral fiber European historical cohort study: Extension of the follow-up

Author

Simonato, Lorenzo, Fletcher, Antony C, Cherrie, John, Andersen, Aage, Bertazzi, Pier A, Charnay, Nadette, Claude, Jenny, Dodgson, Jim, Estève, Jacques, Frentzel-Beyme, Rainer, Gardner, Martin J, Jensen, Ole M, Olsen, Jørgen H, Saracci, Rodolfo, Teppo, Lyly, Winkelmann, Regina, Westerholm, Peter, Winter, Paul D, and Zocchetti, Carlo

Published
1986

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