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2. Neural Autopoiesis: Organizing Self-Boundary by Stimulus Avoidance in Biological and Artificial Neural Networks

Author

Masumori, Atsushi, Sinapayen, Lana, Maruyama, Norihiro, Mita, Takeshi, Bakkum, Douglas, Frey, Urs, Takahashi, Hirokazu, and Ikegami, Takashi

Subjects
Computer Science - Neural and Evolutionary Computing, Quantitative Biology - Neurons and Cognition
Abstract

Living organisms must actively maintain themselves in order to continue existing. Autopoiesis is a key concept in the study of living organisms, where the boundaries of the organism is not static by dynamically regulated by the system itself. To study the autonomous regulation of self-boundary, we focus on neural homeodynamic responses to environmental changes using both biological and artificial neural networks. Previous studies showed that embodied cultured neural networks and spiking neural networks with spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) learn an action as they avoid stimulation from outside. In this paper, as a result of our experiments using embodied cultured neurons, we find that there is also a second property allowing the network to avoid stimulation: if the agent cannot learn an action to avoid the external stimuli, it tends to decrease the stimulus-evoked spikes, as if to ignore the uncontrollable-input. We also show such a behavior is reproduced by spiking neural networks with asymmetric STDP. We consider that these properties are regarded as autonomous regulation of self and non-self for the network, in which a controllable-neuron is regarded as self, and an uncontrollable-neuron is regarded as non-self. Finally, we introduce neural autopoiesis by proposing the principle of stimulus avoidance.

Published
2020

5. Towards the elimination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a Lancet Commission

Author

Stolz, Daiana, Mkorombindo, Takudzwa, Schumann, Desiree M, Agusti, Alvar, Ash, Samuel Y, Bafadhel, Mona, Bai, Chunxue, Chalmers, James D, Criner, Gerard J, Dharmage, Shyamali C, Franssen, Frits M E, Frey, Urs, Han, MeiLan, Hansel, Nadia N, Hawkins, Nathaniel M, Kalhan, Ravi, Konigshoff, Melanie, Ko, Fanny W, Parekh, Trisha M, Powell, Pippa, Rutten-van Mölken, Maureen, Simpson, Jodie, Sin, Don D, Song, Yuanlin, Suki, Bela, Troosters, Thierry, Washko, George R, Welte, Tobias, and Dransfield, Mark T

Published
2022
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6. FLUCTUATIONS, NOISE AND SCALING IN THE CARDIO-PULMONARY SYSTEM

Author

SUKI, BÉLA, primary, ALENCAR, ADRIANO M., additional, FREY, URS, additional, IVANOV, PLAMEN CH., additional, BULDYREV, SERGEY V., additional, MAJUMDAR, ARNAB, additional, STANLEY, H. EUGENE, additional, DAWSON, CHRISTOPHER A., additional, KRENZ, GARY S., additional, and MISHIMA, MICHIAKI, additional

Published
2022
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8. Atemphysiologie

Author

Hammer, Jürg, Frey, Urs, Lentze, Michael J., Section editor, Hoffmann, Georg F., editor, Lentze, Michael J., editor, Spranger, Jürgen, editor, Zepp, Fred, editor, Berner, Reinhard, editor, Schaub, Jürgen, Founding Editor, and Schulte, Franz-Josef, Founding Editor

Published
2020
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13. Antibiotics in pregnancy influence nasal microbiome and respiratory morbidity in infancy

Author

Rüttimann, Céline, primary, Nissen-Kratzert, Annika, additional, Mostacci, Nadja, additional, Künstle, Noëmi, additional, Marten, Andrea, additional, Gisler, Amanda, additional, Bracher, Katharina, additional, Korten, Insa, additional, Yammine, Sophie, additional, Steinberg, Ruth, additional, Schulzke, Sven, additional, Latzin, Philipp, additional, Hilty, Markus, additional, Frey, Urs, additional, and Gorlanova, Olga, additional

Published
2023
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14. Late Breaking Abstract - Prenatal exposure to air pollution affects newborns’ autophagy, senescence and remodelling proteins

Author

Gorlanova, Olga, primary, Oller, Heide, additional, Nahum, Uri, additional, Künstle, Noemi, additional, Müller, Loretta, additional, Marten, Andrea, additional, Rüttimann, Céline, additional, Vienneau, Danielle, additional, De Hoogh, Kees, additional, Schürmann, David, additional, Da Silva Sena, Carla Rebeca, additional, Röösli, Martin, additional, Sinues, Pablo, additional, Schulzke, Sven, additional, Steinberg, Ruth, additional, Usemann, Jakob, additional, Sharma, Pawan, additional, and Frey, Urs, additional

Published
2023
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15. Late Breaking Abstract - Differences in autophagy marker levels at birth in preterm vs. term infants

Author

Künstle, Noëmi, primary, Gorlanova, Olga, additional, Marten, Andrea, additional, Müller, Loretta, additional, Sharma, Pawan, additional, Röösli, Martin, additional, Sinues, Pablo, additional, Schürmann, David, additional, Rüttimann, Céline, additional, Da Silva Sena, Carla Rebeca, additional, Nahum, Uri, additional, Usemann, Jakob, additional, Steinberg, Ruth, additional, Yammine, Sophie, additional, Schulzke, Sven, additional, Latzin, Philipp, additional, and Frey, Urs, additional

Published
2023
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18. Clinical data for paediatric research: the Swiss approach: Proceedings of the National Symposium in Bern, Switzerland, Dec 5-6, 2019

Author

Rakic, Milenko, Jaboyedoff, Manon, Bachmann, Sara, Berger, Christoph, Diezi, Manuel, do Canto, Philipp, Forrest, Christopher B., Frey, Urs, Fuchs, Oliver, Gervaix, Alain, Gluecksberg, Amalia Stefani, Grotzer, Michael, Heininger, Ulrich, Kahlert, Christian R., Kaiser, Daniela, Kopp, Matthias V., Lauener, Roger, Neuhaus, Thomas J., Paioni, Paolo, Posfay-Barbe, Klara, Ramelli, Gian Paolo, Simeoni, Umberto, Simonetti, Giacomo, Sokollik, Christiane, Spycher, Ben D., and Kuehni, Claudia E.

Published
2021
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32. Cohort Profile Update: The Bern Basel Infant Lung Development Cohort.

Author

Salem, Yasmin, Jakob, Julian, Steinberg, Ruth, Gorlanova, Olga, Fuchs, Oliver, Müller, Loretta, Usemann, Jakob, Frey, Urs, Latzin, Philipp, Yammine, Sophie, and Group, BILD Study

Subjects
PREMATURE labor, LUNG development, CESAREAN section, INFANT development, ELECTRONIC cigarettes, SCHOOL children
Abstract

The Bern Basel Infant Lung Development (BILD) cohort is a long-term study in Switzerland that investigates risk factors related to childhood wheeze and asthma. The cohort has expanded over the years to include preterm infants and those exposed to novel risk factors like COVID-19 and vaping. The study collects data on lung function, respiratory symptoms, microbiota, and biomarkers from infancy to adulthood. The cohort currently consists of 1332 participants who are followed up regularly. The data from the study, including anthropometric data, is available for further research and collaboration. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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35. After asthma: redefining airways diseases

Author

Pavord, Ian D, Beasley, Richard, Agusti, Alvar, Anderson, Gary P, Bel, Elisabeth, Brusselle, Guy, Cullinan, Paul, Custovic, Adnan, Ducharme, Francine M, Fahy, John V, Frey, Urs, Gibson, Peter, Heaney, Liam G, Holt, Patrick G, Humbert, Marc, Lloyd, Clare M, Marks, Guy, Martinez, Fernando D, Sly, Peter D, von Mutius, Erika, Wenzel, Sally, Zar, Heather J, and Bush, Andy

Published
2018
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37. Oropharyngeal Microbiota Clusters in Children with Asthma/Wheeze Associate with Allergy, Blood Transcriptomic Immune Pathways and Exacerbations Risk

Author

Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud I., primary, Thorsen, Jonathan, additional, Hashimoto, Simone, additional, Vijverberg, Susanne J H, additional, Neerincx, Anne H, additional, Brinkman, Paul, additional, van Aalderen, Wim, additional, Stokholm, Jakob, additional, Rasmussen, Morten Arendt, additional, Roggenbuck-Wedemeyer, Michael, additional, Vissing, Nadja H, additional, Mortensen, Martin Steen, additional, Brejnrod, Asker Daniel, additional, Fleming, Louise J, additional, Murray, Clare S, additional, Fowler, Stephen J, additional, Frey, Urs, additional, Bush, Andrew, additional, Singer, Florian, additional, Hedlin, Gunilla, additional, Nordlund, Björn, additional, Shaw, Dominick E, additional, Chung, Kian Fan, additional, Adcock, Ian M, additional, Djukanovic, Ratko, additional, Auffray, Charles, additional, Bansal, Aruna T, additional, Sousa, Ana R, additional, Wagers, Scott S, additional, Chawes, Bo Lund, additional, Bønnelykke, Klaus, additional, Sørensen, Søren Johannes, additional, Kraneveld, Aletta D., additional, Sterk, Peter J, additional, Roberts, Graham, additional, Bisgaard, Hans, additional, and Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H., additional

Published
2023
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40. The high speed interrupter technique to measure airway wall mechanics in infants

Author

Frey, Urs

Subjects
618.92
Abstract

The overall aim of this work was to develop a non-invasive way of measuring high frequency input impedance in infants which enables airway wall mechanics to be studied in vivo during normal tidal breathing. The establishing forced oscillation technique and the novel high speed interrupter technique were used to measure high frequency input impedance in infants. After the technical development and validation of the techniques, the variability and reproducibility of the measurements were determined to be similar to other lung function techniques for this age group. Using both techniques, high frequency input impedance showed particular features, the so called anti-resonant frequencies. Similar to human adults, in these infants anti-resonances are also related to wave propagation phenomena but not to tissue properties. Measurements during bronchial challenge with methacholine showed that airway wall compliance crucially determines the wave propagation velocity in the infants airways. In order to determine whether airway wall mechanics are different in infants with wheezing disorders, high frequency Zin was examined in wheezing infants in comparison to healthy infants. Infants with wheezing disorders had lower anti-resonant frequencies even when they were asymptomatic, indicating in airway wall mechanics. Such structural changes may be due to developmental differences, differences in airway smooth muscle function or may be induced by airway inflammation and airway remodelling.

Published
1999

41. Asthma and Wheeze Severity and the Oropharyngeal Microbiota in Children and Adolescents

Author

Thorsen, Jonathan, primary, Stokholm, Jakob, additional, Rasmussen, Morten Arendt, additional, Roggenbuck-Wedemeyer, Michael, additional, Vissing, Nadja H., additional, Mortensen, Martin S., additional, Brejnrod, Asker D., additional, Fleming, Louise, additional, Bush, Andrew, additional, Roberts, Graham, additional, Singer, Florian, additional, Frey, Urs, additional, Hedlin, Gunilla, additional, Nordlund, Björn, additional, Murray, Clare S., additional, Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud I., additional, Hashimoto, Simone, additional, van Aalderen, Wim, additional, Maitland-van der Zee, Anke H., additional, Shaw, Dominick, additional, Fowler, Stephen J., additional, Sousa, Ana, additional, Sterk, Peter J., additional, Chung, Kian Fan, additional, Adcock, Ian M., additional, Djukanovic, Ratko, additional, Auffray, Charles, additional, Bansal, Aruna T., additional, Wagers, Scott, additional, Chawes, Bo, additional, Bønnelykke, Klaus, additional, Sørensen, Søren Johannes, additional, and Bisgaard, Hans, additional

Published
2022
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44. Early growth characteristics and the risk of reduced lung function and asthma: A meta-analysis of 25,000 children

Author

den Dekker, Herman T., Sonnenschein-van der Voort, Agnes M.M., de Jongste, Johan C., Anessi-Maesano, Isabella, Arshad, S. Hasan, Barros, Henrique, Beardsmore, Caroline S., Bisgaard, Hans, Phar, Sofia Correia, Craig, Leone, Devereux, Graham, van der Ent, C. Kors, Esplugues, Ana, Fantini, Maria P., Flexeder, Claudia, Frey, Urs, Forastiere, Francesco, Gehring, Ulrike, Gori, Davide, van der Gugten, Anne C., Henderson, A. John, Heude, Barbara, Ibarluzea, Jesús, Inskip, Hazel M., Keil, Thomas, Kogevinas, Manolis, Kreiner-Møller, Eskil, Kuehni, Claudia E., Lau, Susanne, Mélen, Erik, Mommers, Monique, Morales, Eva, Penders, John, Pike, Katy C., Porta, Daniela, Reiss, Irwin K., Roberts, Graham, Schmidt, Anne, Schultz, Erica S., Schulz, Holger, Sunyer, Jordi, Torrent, Matias, Vassilaki, Maria, Wijga, Alet H., Zabaleta, Carlos, Jaddoe, Vincent W.V., and Duijts, Liesbeth

Published
2016
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46. Extracellular Recording of Entire Neural Networks Using a Dual- Mode Microelectrode Array With 19584 Electrodes and High SNR

Author

Yuan, Xinyue, Hierlemann, Andreas, and Frey, Urs

Subjects
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), Extracellular recording, full-frame readout, microelectrode array (MEA), switch-matrix (SM)
Abstract

Electrophysiological research on neural networks and their activity focuses on the recording and analysis of large data sets that include information of thousands of neurons. CMOS microelectrode arrays (MEAs) feature thousands of electrodes at a spatial resolution on the scale of single cells and are, therefore, ideal tools to support neural-network research. Moreover, they offer high spatio-temporal resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to capture all features and subcellular resolution details of neuronal signaling. Here, we present a dual-mode (DM) MEA, which enables simultaneous: 1) full-frame readout from all electrodes and 2) high-SNR readout from an arbitrarily selectable subset of electrodes. The DM-MEA includes 19584 electrodes, 19584 full- frame recording channels with noise levels of 10.4 μVrms in the action potential (AP) frequency band (300 Hz–5 kHz), 246 low-noise recording channels with noise levels of 3.0 μVrms in the AP band and eight stimulation units. The capacity to simultaneously perform full-frame and high-SNR recordings endows the presented DM-MEA with great flexibility for various applications in neuroscience and pharmacology.

Published
2023

47. Ambient prenatal air pollution exposure is associated with low cord blood IL-17a in infants

Author

Gorlanova, Olga, Oller, Heide, Marten, Andrea, Müller, Loretta, Laine-Carmeli, Jessica, Decrue, Fabienne, Salem, Yasmin, Vienneau, Danielle, Hoogh, Kees de, Gisler, Amanda, Usemann, Jakob, Korten, Insa, Yammine, Sophie, Nahum, Uri, Künstle, Noemi, Sinues, Pablo, Schulzke, Sven, Latzin, Philipp, Fuchs, Oliver, Röösli, Martin, Schaub, Bianca, and Frey, Urs

Subjects
610 Medicine & health
Published
2023
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48. Pollen exposure is associated with risk of respiratory symptoms during the first year of life

Author

Gisler, Amanda, Eeftens, Marloes, de Hoogh, Kees, Vienneau, Danielle, Salem, Yasmin, Yammine, Sophie, Jakob, Julian, Gorlanova, Olga, Decrue, Fabienne, Gehrig, Regula, Frey, Urs, Latzin, Philipp, Fuchs, Oliver, Usemann, Jakob, Hoogh, Kees, Kentgens, Anne‐Christiane, Korten, Insa, Kurz, Johanna, Nissen, Annika, Oestreich, Marc‐Alexander, and Röösli, Martin

Subjects
Adult, Immunology, 360 Soziale Probleme, Sozialdienste, Infant, 610 Medicine & health, Asthma, 360 Social problems & social services, Air Pollution, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Pollen, Particulate Matter, Prospective Studies, 610 Medizin und Gesundheit, Child
Abstract

BACKGROUND Pollen exposure is associated with respiratory symptoms in children and adults. However, the association of pollen exposure with respiratory symptoms during infancy, a particularly vulnerable period, remains unclear. We examined whether pollen exposure is associated with respiratory symptoms in infants and if maternal atopy, infant's sex or air pollution modify this association. METHODS We investigated 14,874 observations from 401 healthy infants of a prospective birth cohort. The association between pollen exposure and respiratory symptoms, assessed in weekly telephone interviews, was evaluated using generalized additive mixed models (GAMM). Effect modification by maternal atopy, infant's sex and air pollution (NO2 , PM2.5 ) was assessed with interaction terms. RESULTS Per infant 37��2 (mean��SD) respiratory symptom scores were assessed during the analysis period (January through September). Pollen exposure was associated with increased respiratory symptoms during the daytime (RR [95% CI] per 10% pollen/m3 : combined 1.006 [1.002, 1.009]; tree 1.005 [1.002, 1.008]; grass 1.009 [1.000, 1.23]) and nighttime (combined 1.003 [0.999, 1.007]; tree 1.003 [0.999, 1.007]; grass 1.014 [1.004, 1.024]). While there was no effect modification by maternal atopy and infant's sex, a complex crossover interaction between combined pollen and PM2.5 was found (p-Value 0.002). CONCLUSION Even as early as during the first year of life, pollen exposure was associated with an increased risk of respiratory symptoms, independent of maternal atopy and infant's sex. Because infancy is a particularly vulnerable period for lung development, the identified adverse effect of pollen exposure may be relevant for the evolvement of chronic childhood asthma.

Published
2022

50. Oropharyngeal Microbiota Clusters in Children with Asthma or Wheeze Associate with Allergy, Blood Transcriptomic Immune Pathways, and Exacerbation Risk.

Author

Abdel-Aziz, Mahmoud I., Thorsen, Jonathan, Hashimoto, Simone, Vijverberg, Susanne J. H., Neerincx, Anne H., Brinkman, Paul, van Aalderen, Wim, Stokholm, Jakob, Rasmussen, Morten Arendt, Roggenbuck-Wedemeyer, Michael, Vissing, Nadja H., Mortensen, Martin Steen, Brejnrod, Asker Daniel, Fleming, Louise J., Murray, Clare S., Fowler, Stephen J., Frey, Urs, Bush, Andrew, Singer, Florian, and Hedlin, Gunilla

Abstract

Rationale: Children with preschool wheezing or school-age asthma are reported to have airway microbial imbalances. Objectives: To identify clusters in children with asthma or wheezing using oropharyngeal microbiota profiles. Methods: Oropharyngeal swabs from the U-BIOPRED (Unbiased Biomarkers for the Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes) pediatric asthma or wheezing cohort were characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing, and unsupervised hierarchical clustering was performed on the Bray-Curtis ß-diversity. Enrichment scores of the Molecular Signatures Database hallmark gene sets were computed from the blood transcriptome using gene set variation analysis. Children with severe asthma or severe wheezing were followed up for 12-18 months, with assessment of the frequency of exacerbations. Measurements and Main Results: Oropharyngeal samples from 241 children (age range, 1-17 years; 40% female) revealed four taxa-driven clusters dominated by Streptococcus, Veillonella, Rothia, and Haemophilus. The clusters showed significant differences in atopic dermatitis, grass pollen sensitization, FEVi% predicted after salbutamol, and annual asthma exacerbation frequency during follow-up. The Veillonella cluster was the most allergic and included the highest percentage of children with two or more exacerbations per year during follow-up. The oropharyngeal clusters were different in the enrichment scores of TGF-ß (transforming growth factor-ß) (highest in the Veillonella cluster) and Wnt/ß-catenin signaling (highest in the Haemophilus cluster) transcriptomic pathways in blood (all q values <0.05). Conclusions: Analysis of the oropharyngeal microb iota of children with asthma or wheezing identified four clusters with distinct clinical characteristics (phenotypes) that associate with risk for exacerbation and transcriptomic pathways involved in airway remodeling. This suggests that further exploration of the oropharyngeal microbiota may lead to novel pathophysiologic insights and potentially new treatment approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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