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2. High economic inequality is linked to greater moralization

Author

Kirkland, K, Van Lange, P, Gorenz, D, Blake, K, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Booth, R, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Kirkland K., Van Lange P. A. M., Gorenz D., Blake K., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Boonyasiriwat W., Booth R. W., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Fischer R., Friese M., Gómez Á., González R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Ilustrisimo R. D., Jiga-Boy G. M., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., Bastian B., Kirkland, K, Van Lange, P, Gorenz, D, Blake, K, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Booth, R, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Kirkland K., Van Lange P. A. M., Gorenz D., Blake K., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Boonyasiriwat W., Booth R. W., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Fischer R., Friese M., Gómez Á., González R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Ilustrisimo R. D., Jiga-Boy G. M., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., and Bastian B.

Abstract

Throughout the 21st century, economic inequality is predicted to increase as we face new challenges, from changes in the technological landscape to the growing climate crisis. It is crucial we understand how these changes in inequality may affect how people think and behave. We propose that economic inequality threatens the social fabric of society, in turn increasing moralization—that is, the greater tendency to employ or emphasize morality in everyday life—as an attempt to restore order and control. Using longitudinal data from X, formerly known as Twitter, our first study demonstrates that high economic inequality is associated with greater use of moral language online (e.g. the use of words such as “disgust”, “hurt”, and “respect’). Study 2 then examined data from 41 regions around the world, generally showing that higher inequality has a small association with harsher moral judgments of people’s everyday actions. Together these findings demonstrate that economic inequality is linked to the tendency to see the world through a moral lens.

Published
2024

5. Multinational data show that conspiracy beliefs are associated with the perception (and reality) of poor national economic performance

Author

Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Hornsey M. J., Pearson S., Kang J., Sassenberg K., Jetten J., Van Lange P. A. M., Medina L. G., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Gomez A., Halama P., Ilustrisimo R., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Markovikj M., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Peker M., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Suh E. M., Talaifar S., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. -M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., Bastian B., Hornsey, M, Pearson, S, Kang, J, Sassenberg, K, Jetten, J, Van Lange, P, Medina, L, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Gomez, A, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, R, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovikj, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Hornsey M. J., Pearson S., Kang J., Sassenberg K., Jetten J., Van Lange P. A. M., Medina L. G., Amiot C. E., Ausmees L., Baguma P., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Gomez A., Halama P., Ilustrisimo R., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J., Kuppens P., Loughnan S., Markovikj M., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Novak L. M., Onyekachi B. N., Peker M., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Suh E. M., Talaifar S., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vauclair C. -M., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. L., and Bastian B.

Abstract

While a great deal is known about the individual difference factors associated with conspiracy beliefs, much less is known about the country-level factors that shape people's willingness to believe conspiracy theories. In the current article we discuss the possibility that willingness to believe conspiracy theories might be shaped by the perception (and reality) of poor economic performance at the national level. To test this notion, we surveyed 6723 participants from 36 countries. In line with predictions, propensity to believe conspiracy theories was negatively associated with perceptions of current and future national economic vitality. Furthermore, countries with higher GDP per capita tended to have lower belief in conspiracy theories. The data suggest that conspiracy beliefs are not just caused by intrapsychic factors but are also shaped by difficult economic circumstances for which distrust might have a rational basis.

Published
2023

6. Mechanical effects of optical vortices

Author

Heckenberg, N. R., Friese, M. E. J., Nieminen, T. A., and Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We concentrate on the forces and torques exerted on transparent and absorbing particles trapped in laser beams containing optical vortices. We review previous theoretical and experimental work and then present new calculations of the effect of vortex beams on absorbing particles., Comment: 32 pages, 9 figures

Published
2003

7. Optical trapping of absorbing particles

Author

Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H., Nieminen, T. A., Friese, M. E. J., and Heckenberg, N. R.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Radiation pressure forces in a focussed laser beam can be used to trap microscopic absorbing particles against a substrate. Calculations based on momentum transfer considerations show that stable trapping occurs before the beam waist, and that trapping is more effective with doughnut beams. Such doughnut beams can transfer angular momentum leading to rotation of the trapped particles. Energy is also transferred, which can result in heating of the particles to temperatures above the boiling point of the surrounding medium., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

Published
2003

8. Optical torque controlled by elliptical polarization

Author

Friese, M. E. J., Nieminen, T. A., Heckenberg, N. R., and Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We show theoretically and demonstrate experimentally that highly absorbing particles can be trapped and manipulated in a single highly focused Gaussian beam. Our studies of the effects of polarized light on such particles show that they can be set into rotation by elliptically polarized light and that both the sense and the speed of their rotation can be smoothly controlled., Comment: 3 pages, 3 figures

Published
2003
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9. Optical alignment and spinning of laser-trapped microscopic particles

Author

Friese, M. E. J., Nieminen, T. A., Heckenberg, N. R., and Rubinsztein-Dunlop, H.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Light-induced rotation of absorbing microscopic particles by transfer of angular momentum from light to the material raises the possibility of optically driven micromachines. The phenomenon has been observed using elliptically polarized laser beams or beams with helical phase structure. But it is difficult to develop high power in such experiments because of overheating and unwanted axial forces, limiting the achievable rotation rates to a few hertz. This problem can in principle be overcome by using transparent particles, transferring angular momentum by a mechanism first observed by Beth in 1936, when he reported a tiny torque developed in a quartz waveplate due to the change in polarization of transmitted light. Here we show that an optical torque can be induced on microscopic birefringent particles of calcite held by optical tweezers. Depending on the polarization of the incident beam, the particles either become aligned with the plane of polarization (and thus can be rotated through specified angles) or spin with constant rotation frequency. Because these microscopic particles are transparent, they can be held in three-dimensional optical traps at very high power without heating. We have observed rotation rates in excess of 350 Hz., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures

Published
2003
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10. Perceiving societal pressure to be happy is linked to poor well-being, especially in happy nations

Author

Dejonckheere, E, Rhee, J, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Novak, L, Ausmees, L, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Onyishi, I, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Amiot, C, Boonyasiriwat, W, Peker, M, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Kuppens, P, Bastian, B, Dejonckheere E., Rhee J. J., Baguma P. K., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Gomez A., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J. A., Novak L., Ausmees L., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Onyishi I. E., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. -L., Amiot C. E., Boonyasiriwat W., Peker M., Van Lange P. A. M., Vauclair C. -M., Kuppens P., Bastian B., Dejonckheere, E, Rhee, J, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Hurtado-Parrado, C, Jiga-Boy, G, Karl, J, Novak, L, Ausmees, L, Loughnan, S, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Onyishi, I, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Serafimovska, E, Suh, E, Swann, W, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Amiot, C, Boonyasiriwat, W, Peker, M, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Kuppens, P, Bastian, B, Dejonckheere E., Rhee J. J., Baguma P. K., Barry O., Becker M., Bilewicz M., Castelain T., Costantini G., Dimdins G., Espinosa A., Finchilescu G., Friese M., Gastardo-Conaco M. C., Gomez A., Gonzalez R., Goto N., Halama P., Hurtado-Parrado C., Jiga-Boy G. M., Karl J. A., Novak L., Ausmees L., Loughnan S., Mastor K. A., McLatchie N., Onyishi I. E., Rizwan M., Schaller M., Serafimovska E., Suh E. M., Swann W. B., Tong E. M. W., Torres A., Turner R. N., Vinogradov A., Wang Z., Yeung V. W. -L., Amiot C. E., Boonyasiriwat W., Peker M., Van Lange P. A. M., Vauclair C. -M., Kuppens P., and Bastian B.

Abstract

Happiness is a valuable experience, and societies want their citizens to be happy. Although this societal commitment seems laudable, overly emphasizing positivity (versus negativity) may create an unattainable emotion norm that ironically compromises individual well-being. In this multi-national study (40 countries; 7443 participants), we investigate how societal pressure to be happy and not sad predicts emotional, cognitive and clinical indicators of well-being around the world, and examine how these relations differ as a function of countries' national happiness levels (collected from the World Happiness Report). Although detrimental well-being associations manifest for an average country, the strength of these relations varies across countries. People's felt societal pressure to be happy and not sad is particularly linked to poor well-being in countries with a higher World Happiness Index. Although the cross-sectional nature of our work prohibits causal conclusions, our findings highlight the correlational link between social emotion valuation and individual well-being, and suggest that high national happiness levels may have downsides for some.

Published
2022

11. Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries

Author

Kirkland, K, Crimston, C, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Crimston, CR, Amiot, CE, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Jiga-Boy, GM, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Suh, EM, Tong, EMW, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, CM, Wang, ZC, Yeung, VWL, Kirkland, K, Crimston, C, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, C, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, M, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, G, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, K, Mclatchie, N, Novak, L, Onyekachi, B, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, E, Talaifar, S, Tong, E, Torres, A, Turner, R, Van Lange, P, Vauclair, C, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, V, Bastian, B, Crimston, CR, Amiot, CE, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Jiga-Boy, GM, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Suh, EM, Tong, EMW, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, CM, Wang, ZC, and Yeung, VWL

Abstract

What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our 'moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness-that is, the size of people's moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.

Published
2023

13. Neandertal introgression partitions the genetic landscape of neuropsychiatric disorders and associated behavioral phenotypes

Author

Dannemann, M., https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7076-8731, Milaneschi, Y., Yermakovich, D., Stiglbauer, V., Kariis, H., Krebs, K., Friese, M., Otte, C., Esko, T., Metspalu, A., Milani, L., Mägi, R., Nelis, M., Lehto, K., Penninx, B., Kelso, J., Gold, S., Team, E., Psychiatry, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep, APH - Mental Health, and APH - Digital Health

Subjects
Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental health, Genome, Phenotype, Haplotypes, Animals, Genetic Variation, Humans, Biological Psychiatry, Neanderthals
Abstract

Despite advances in identifying the genetic basis of psychiatric and neurological disorders, fundamental questions about their evolutionary origins remain elusive. Here, introgressed variants from archaic humans such as Neandertals can serve as an intriguing research paradigm. We compared the number of associations for Neandertal variants to the number of associations of frequency-matched non-archaic variants with regard to human CNS disorders (neurological and psychiatric), nervous system drug prescriptions (as a proxy for disease), and related, non-disease phenotypes in the UK biobank (UKBB). While no enrichment for Neandertal genetic variants were observed in the UKBB for psychiatric or neurological disease categories, we found significant associations with certain behavioral phenotypes including pain, chronotype/sleep, smoking and alcohol consumption. In some instances, the enrichment signal was driven by Neandertal variants that represented the strongest association genome-wide. SNPs within a Neandertal haplotype that was associated with smoking in the UKBB could be replicated in four independent genomics datasets.Our data suggest that evolutionary processes in recent human evolution like admixture with Neandertals significantly contribute to behavioral phenotypes but not psychiatric and neurological diseases. These findings help to link genetic variants in a population to putative past beneficial effects, which likely only indirectly contribute to pathology in modern day humans

Published
2022
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14. Moral Expansiveness Around the World: The Role of Societal Factors Across 36 Countries

Author

Kirkland, K, Crimston, CR, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, CE, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, GM, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, EM, Talaifar, S, Tong, EMW, Torres, A, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, C-M, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, VWL, Bastian, B, Kirkland, K, Crimston, CR, Jetten, J, Rudnev, M, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, CE, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gastardo-Conaco, MC, Gomez, A, Gonzalez, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Jiga-Boy, GM, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyekachi, BN, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, EM, Talaifar, S, Tong, EMW, Torres, A, Turner, RN, Van Lange, PAM, Vauclair, C-M, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, VWL, and Bastian, B

Abstract

What are the things that we think matter morally, and how do societal factors influence this? To date, research has explored several individual-level and historical factors that influence the size of our ‘moral circles.' There has, however, been less attention focused on which societal factors play a role. We present the first multi-national exploration of moral expansiveness—that is, the size of people’s moral circles across countries. We found low generalized trust, greater perceptions of a breakdown in the social fabric of society, and greater perceived economic inequality were associated with smaller moral circles. Generalized trust also helped explain the effects of perceived inequality on lower levels of moral inclusiveness. Other inequality indicators (i.e., Gini coefficients) were, however, unrelated to moral expansiveness. These findings suggest that societal factors, especially those associated with generalized trust, may influence the size of our moral circles.

Published
2022

15. Perceiving societal pressure to be happy is linked to poor well-being, especially in happy nations

Author

Dejonckheere, E., Rhee, J.J., Baguma, P.K., Barry, O., Becker, M., Bilewicz, M., Castelain, T., Costantini, G., Dimdins, G., Espinosa, A., Finchilescu, G., Friese, M., Gastardo-Conaco, M.C., Gómez, A., González, R., Goto, N., Halama, P., Hurtado-Parrado, C., Jiga-Boy, G.M., Karl, J.A., Novak, L., Ausmees, L., Loughnan, S., Mastor, K.A., McLatchie, N., Onyishi, I.E., Rizwan, M., Schaller, M., Serafimovska, E., Suh, E.M., Swann W.B., Jr, Tong, E.M.W., Torres, A., Turner, R.N., Vinogradov, A., Wang, Z., Yeung, V.W.-L., Amiot, C.E., Boonyasiriwat, W., Peker, M., Van Lange, P.A.M., Vauclair, C.-M., Kuppens, P., Bastian, B., Dejonckheere, E., Rhee, J.J., Baguma, P.K., Barry, O., Becker, M., Bilewicz, M., Castelain, T., Costantini, G., Dimdins, G., Espinosa, A., Finchilescu, G., Friese, M., Gastardo-Conaco, M.C., Gómez, A., González, R., Goto, N., Halama, P., Hurtado-Parrado, C., Jiga-Boy, G.M., Karl, J.A., Novak, L., Ausmees, L., Loughnan, S., Mastor, K.A., McLatchie, N., Onyishi, I.E., Rizwan, M., Schaller, M., Serafimovska, E., Suh, E.M., Swann W.B., Jr, Tong, E.M.W., Torres, A., Turner, R.N., Vinogradov, A., Wang, Z., Yeung, V.W.-L., Amiot, C.E., Boonyasiriwat, W., Peker, M., Van Lange, P.A.M., Vauclair, C.-M., Kuppens, P., and Bastian, B.

Abstract

Happiness is a valuable experience, and societies want their citizens to be happy. Although this societal commitment seems laudable, overly emphasizing positivity (versus negativity) may create an unattainable emotion norm that ironically compromises individual well-being. In this multi-national study (40 countries; 7443 participants), we investigate how societal pressure to be happy and not sad predicts emotional, cognitive and clinical indicators of well-being around the world, and examine how these relations differ as a function of countries' national happiness levels (collected from the World Happiness Report). Although detrimental well-being associations manifest for an average country, the strength of these relations varies across countries. People's felt societal pressure to be happy and not sad is particularly linked to poor well-being in countries with a higher World Happiness Index. Although the cross-sectional nature of our work prohibits causal conclusions, our findings highlight the correlational link between social emotion valuation and individual well-being, and suggest that high national happiness levels may have downsides for some.

Published
2022

16. Social mindfulness predicts concern for nature and immigrants across 36 nations.

Author

Kirkland, K, Van Lange, PAM, Van Doesum, NJ, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, CE, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, RD, Jiga-Boy, GM, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyishi, IE, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, EM, Swann, WB, Tong, EMW, Torres, A, Turner, RN, Vauclair, C-M, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, VWL, Bastian, B, Kirkland, K, Van Lange, PAM, Van Doesum, NJ, Acevedo-Triana, C, Amiot, CE, Ausmees, L, Baguma, P, Barry, O, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Boonyasiriwat, W, Castelain, T, Costantini, G, Dimdins, G, Espinosa, A, Finchilescu, G, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gómez, Á, González, R, Goto, N, Halama, P, Ilustrisimo, RD, Jiga-Boy, GM, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Markovik, M, Mastor, KA, McLatchie, N, Novak, LM, Onyishi, IE, Peker, M, Rizwan, M, Schaller, M, Suh, EM, Swann, WB, Tong, EMW, Torres, A, Turner, RN, Vauclair, C-M, Vinogradov, A, Wang, Z, Yeung, VWL, and Bastian, B

Abstract

People cooperate every day in ways that range from largescale contributions that mitigate climate change to simple actions such as leaving another individual with choice - known as social mindfulness. It is not yet clear whether and how these complex and more simple forms of cooperation relate. Prior work has found that countries with individuals who made more socially mindful choices were linked to a higher country environmental performance - a proxy for complex cooperation. Here we replicated this initial finding in 41 samples around the world, demonstrating the robustness of the association between social mindfulness and environmental performance, and substantially built on it to show this relationship extended to a wide range of complex cooperative indices, tied closely to many current societal issues. We found that greater social mindfulness expressed by an individual was related to living in countries with more social capital, more community participation and reduced prejudice towards immigrants. Our findings speak to the symbiotic relationship between simple and more complex forms of cooperation in societies.

Published
2022

17. Identification of early neurodegenerative pathways in progressive multiple sclerosis

Author

Kaufmann, M., Schaupp, A. -L, Sun, R., Coscia, F., Dendrou, C. A., Cortes, A., Kaur, G., Evans, H. G., Mollbrink, Annelie, Fernandez Navarro, Jose, Sonner, J. K., Mayer, C., DeLuca, G. C., Lundeberg, Joakim, Matthews, P. M., Attfield, K. E., Friese, M. A., Mann, M., Fugger, L., Kaufmann, M., Schaupp, A. -L, Sun, R., Coscia, F., Dendrou, C. A., Cortes, A., Kaur, G., Evans, H. G., Mollbrink, Annelie, Fernandez Navarro, Jose, Sonner, J. K., Mayer, C., DeLuca, G. C., Lundeberg, Joakim, Matthews, P. M., Attfield, K. E., Friese, M. A., Mann, M., and Fugger, L.

Abstract

Progressive multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by unrelenting neurodegeneration, which causes cumulative disability and is refractory to current treatments. Drug development to prevent disease progression is an urgent clinical need yet is constrained by an incomplete understanding of its complex pathogenesis. Using spatial transcriptomics and proteomics on fresh-frozen human MS brain tissue, we identified multicellular mechanisms of progressive MS pathogenesis and traced their origin in relation to spatially distributed stages of neurodegeneration. By resolving ligand–receptor interactions in local microenvironments, we discovered defunct trophic and anti-inflammatory intercellular communications within areas of early neuronal decline. Proteins associated with neuronal damage in patient samples showed mechanistic concordance with published in vivo knockdown and central nervous system (CNS) disease models, supporting their causal role and value as potential therapeutic targets in progressive MS. Our findings provide a new framework for drug development strategies, rooted in an understanding of the complex cellular and signaling dynamics in human diseased tissue that facilitate this debilitating disease., QC 20230327

Published
2022
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18. List of Contributors

Author

Ampel, B.C., primary, Baumeister, R.F., additional, Berkman, E.T., additional, Carnevale, J.J., additional, Chester, D.S., additional, Clarkson, J.J., additional, Crowell, A., additional, DeHaan, C.R., additional, DeWall, C.N., additional, Egan, P.M., additional, Eyink, J.R., additional, Fishbach, A., additional, Francis, Z.L., additional, Friese, M., additional, Fujita, K., additional, Gollwitzer, P.M., additional, Hassey, R., additional, Heatherton, T.F., additional, Hirt, E.R., additional, Hofmann, W., additional, Hui, C.M., additional, Inzlicht, M., additional, Jia, L., additional, Job, V., additional, Kahn, L.E., additional, Kotabe, H.P., additional, Livingston, J.L., additional, Loschelder, D.D., additional, Martela, F., additional, Masicampo, E.J., additional, Molden, D.C., additional, Muraven, M., additional, O’Malley, E.E., additional, Otto, A.S., additional, Robinson, M.D., additional, Ryan, R.M., additional, Schmeichel, B.J., additional, Scholer, A.A., additional, Slepian, M.L., additional, Wagner, D.D., additional, Wieber, F., additional, Wilkowski, B.M., additional, and Yu, R., additional

Published
2016
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21. Cognitive-bias modification intervention to improve physical activity in patients following a rehabilitation programme: protocol for the randomised controlled IMPACT trial

Author

Cheval, B., Finckh, A., Maltagliati, S., Fessler, L., Cullati, S., Sander, D., Friese, M., Wiers, R.W., Boisgontier, M.P., Courvoisier, D.S., Luthy, C., and Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG)

Subjects
sports medicine, rehabilitation medicine, quality in health care, ddc:128.37, Cognition, ddc:150, Bias, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation medicine, Sports medicine, Quality in health care, Humans, Sports and Exercise Medicine, Exercise, Switzerland, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
Abstract

Introduction Being physically active is associated with a wide range of health benefits in patients. However, many patients do not engage in the recommended levels of physical activity (PA). To date, interventions promoting PA in patients mainly rely on providing knowledge about the benefits associated with PA to develop their motivation to be active. Yet, these interventions focusing on changing patients' conscious goals have proven to be rather ineffective in changing behaviours. Recent research on automatic factors (eg, automatic approach tendencies) may provide additional targets for interventions. However, the implementation and evaluation of intervention designed to change these automatic bases of PA are rare. Consequently, little is known about whether and how interventions that target automatically activated processes towards PA can be effective in changing PA behaviours. The Improving Physical Activity (IMPACT) trial proposes to fill this knowledge gap by investigating the effect of a cognitive-bias modification intervention aiming to modify the automatic approach towards exercise-related stimuli on PA among patients. Methods and analysis The IMPACT trial is a single-centre, placebo (sham controlled), triple-blinded, phase 3 randomised controlled trial that will recruit 308 patients enrolled in a rehabilitation programme in the Division of General Medical Rehabilitation at the University Hospital of Geneva (Switzerland) and intends to follow up them for up to 1 year after intervention. Immediately after starting a rehabilitation programme, patients will be randomised (1:1 ratio) to receive either the cognitive-bias modification intervention consisting of a 12-session training programme performed over 3 weeks or a control condition (placebo). The cognitive-bias modification intervention aims to improve PA levels through a change in automatic approach tendencies towards PA and sedentary behaviours. The primary outcome is the sum of accelerometer-based time spent in light-intensity, moderate-intensity and vigorous-intensity PA over 1 week after the cognitive-bias modification intervention (in minutes per week). Secondary outcomes are related to changes in (1) automatic approach tendencies and self-reported motivation to be active, (2) physical health and (3) mental health. Sedentary behaviours and self-reported PA will also be examined. The main time point of the analysis will be the week after the end of the intervention. These outcomes will also be assessed during the rehabilitation programme, as well as 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the intervention for secondary analyses. Ethics and dissemination The study will be conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This trial was approved by the Ethics Committee of Geneva Canton, Switzerland (reference number: CCER2019-02257). All participants will give an informed consent to participate in the study. Results will be published in relevant scientific journals and be disseminated in international conferences. Trial registration details The clinical trial was registered at the German clinical trials register (reference number: DRKS00023617); Pre-results.

Published
2021

23. Science Communication of Scientifically Working Psychologists in the German-Speaking Area – An Empirical Evaluation of the Current Situation

Author

Sauerland M, Genschow O, Friese M, and Crusius J

Subjects
German, ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION, language, Science communication, Engineering ethics, Sociology, Current (fluid), language.human_language
Abstract

The German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) aims at promoting science communication in a more targeted way. This fits to a recently published demand by the German Science Council (Wissenschaftsrat), which would like to see more science communication from psychologists working in science. To be able to promote science communication, it is necessary to establish how and how much scientists are involved in science communication. We present a survey among German-speaking psychologists working in science (N = 740). The results show that German-speaking psychologists were less frequently engaged in science communication than researchers in other countries. As the main reason for science communication, respondents stated that science communication was fun and that they felt an obligation to communicate science to society and taxpayers. Lack of time, low prioritization, and doubts about one’s necessary competence were rated as the strongest inhibiting factors. More institutional support for administrative tasks and teaching activities were the most frequently listed wishes to promote science communication. In the discussion, we put these findings in context with prior international surveys and consider possibilities to promote science communication.

Published
2021
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25. Correction to: A nonsynonymous mutation in PLCG2 reduces the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and frontotemporal dementia, and increases the likelihood of longevity (Acta Neuropathologica, (2019), 138, 2, (237-250), 10.1007/s00401-019-02026-8)

Author

van der Lee, S. J., Conway, O. J., Jansen, I., Carrasquillo, M. M., Kleineidam, L., van den Akker, E., Hernandez, I., van Eijk, K. R., Stringa, N., Chen, J. A., Zettergren, A., Andlauer, T. F. M., Diez-Fairen, M., Simon-Sanchez, J., Lleo, A., Zetterberg, H., Nygaard, M., Blauwendraat, C., Savage, J. E., Mengel-From, J., Moreno-Grau, S., Wagner, M., Fortea, J., Keogh, M. J., Blennow, K., Skoog, I., Friese, M. A., Pletnikova, O., Zulaica, M., Lage, C., de Rojas, I., Riedel-Heller, S., Illan-Gala, I., Wei, W., Jeune, B., Orellana, A., Then Bergh, F., Wang, X., Hulsman, M., Beker, N., Tesi, N., Morris, C. M., Indakoetxea, B., Collij, L. E., Scherer, M., Morenas-Rodriguez, E., Ironside, J. W., van Berckel, B. N. M., Alcolea, D., Wiendl, H., Strickland, S. L., Pastor, P., Rodriguez Rodriguez, E., Mead, S., Synofzik, M., van Swieten, J. C., Leber, I., Ferrari, R., Hernandez, D. G., Nalls, M. A., Rohrer, J. D., Ramasamy, A., Kwok, J. B. J., Dobson-Stone, C., Schofield, P. R., Halliday, G. M., Hodges, J. R., Piguet, O., Bartley, L., Thompson, E., Borroni, B., Padovani, A., Cruchaga, C., Cairns, N. J., Benussi, L., Binetti, G., Ghidoni, R., Forloni, G., Albani, D., Galimberti, D., Fenoglio, C., Serpente, M., Scarpini, E., Blesa, R., Landqvist Waldo, M., Nilsson, K., Nilsson, C., Mackenzie, I. R. A., Hsiung, G. -Y. R., Mann, D. M. A., Grafman, J., Attems, J., Griffiths, T. D., Mckeith, I. G., Thomas, A. J., Pietrini, P., Huey, E. D., Wassermann, E. M., Baborie, A., Jaros, E., Tierney, M. C., Razquin, C., Ortega-Cubero, S., Alonso, E., Perneczky, R., Diehl-Schmid, J., Alexopoulos, P., Kurz, A., Rainero, I., Rubino, E., Pinessi, L., Rogaeva, E., St George-Hyslop, P., Rossi, G., Tagliavini, F., Giaccone, G., Rowe, J. B., Schlachetzki, J. C. M., Uphill, J., Collinge, J., Danek, A., Van Deerlin, V. M., Grossman, M., Trojanowski, J. Q., van der Zee, J., Van Broeckhoven, C., Cappa, S. F., Hannequin, D., Golfier, V., Vercelletto, M., Brice, A., Nacmias, B., Sorbi, S., Bagnoli, S., Piaceri, I., Nielsen, J. E., Hjermind, L. E., Riemenschneider, M., Mayhaus, M., Ibach, B., Gasparoni, G., Pichler, S., Gu, W., Rossor, M. N., Fox, N. C., Warren, J. D., Spillantini, M. G., Morris, H. R., Rizzu, P., Snowden, J. S., Rollinson, S., Richardson, A., Gerhard, A., Bruni, A. C., Maletta, R., Frangipane, F., Cupidi, C., Bernardi, L., Anfossi, M., Gallo, M., Conidi, M. E., Smirne, N., Baker, M., Josephs, K. A., Parisi, J. E., Seeley, W. W., Miller, B. L., Karydas, A. M., Rosen, H., Dopper, E. G. P., Seelaar, H., Logroscino, G., Capozzo, R., Novelli, V., Puca, A. A., Franceschi, M., Postiglione, A., Milan, G., Sorrentino, P., Kristiansen, M., Chiang, H. -H., Graff, C., Pasquier, F., Rollin, A., Deramecourt, V., Lebouvier, T., Kapogiannis, D., Ferrucci, L., Pickering-Brown, S., Singleton, A. B., Hardy, J., Momeni, P., Boeve, B. F., Petersen, R. C., Ferman, T. J., van Gerpen, J. A., Reinders, M. J. T., Uitti, R. J., Tarraga, L., Maier, W., Dols-Icardo, O., Kawalia, A., Dalmasso, M. C., Boada, M., Zettl, U. K., van Schoor, N. M., Beekman, M., Allen, M., Masliah, E., de Munain, A. L., Pantelyat, A., Wszolek, Z. K., Ross, O. A., Dickson, D. W., Graff-Radford, N. R., Knopman, D., Rademakers, R., Lemstra, A. W., Pijnenburg, Y. A. L., Scheltens, P., Gasser, T., Chinnery, P. F., Hemmer, B., Huisman, M. A., Troncoso, J., Moreno, F., Nohr, E. A., Sorensen, T. I. A., Heutink, P., Sanchez-Juan, P., Posthuma, D., Coppola, G., Varpetian, A., Foroud, T. M., Levey, A. I., Kukull, W. A., Mendez, M. F., Ringman, J., Chui, H., Cotman, C., Decarli, C., Geschwind, D. H., Clarimon, J., Christensen, K., Ertekin-Taner, N., Scholz, S. W., Ramirez, A., Ruiz, A., Slagboom, E., van der Flier, W. M., Holstege, H., Neurology, Epidemiology and Data Science, Human genetics, APH - Societal Participation & Health, APH - Aging & Later Life, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, APH - Personalized Medicine, and APH - Methodology

Subjects
education
Abstract

The IPDGC (The International Parkinson Disease Genomics Consortium) and EADB (Alzheimer Disease European DNA biobank) are listed correctly as an author to the article, however, they were incorrectly listed more than once.

Published
2020

26. Self-control interventions

Author

de Ridder, D.T.D., Gillebaart, M., Friese, M., Hagger, M.S., Cameron, L.D., Hamilton, K., Hankonen, N., Lintunen, T., Leerstoel Ridder, and Stress and self-regulation

Subjects
Psychotherapist, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, effortful inhibition, Self-control, Psychology, self-control training, near vs far transfer, trait vs state self-control, inhibitory control training, media_common
Abstract

Research has shown self-control to be an important factor in determining behavior and outcomes in multiple contexts (e.g., health, education, workplace, interpersonal relationships). Self-control requires effortful pursuit of distal goals in favor of more immediately rewarding, proximal goals, particularly when those goals conflict. Individuals with good self-control exhibit well-developed self-regulatory skills that help them manage these conflicts or avoid them altogether. Over time, such skills enable strategic automization of behaviors in service of distal goals. Although self-control is often viewed as “trait-like”, research has suggested that self-control can be incrementally improved. A prominent means to improve self-control is through self-control or inhibitory control training, which involves repeated engagement in tasks that require inhibition of prepotent responses. Repetition of behaviors to develop habits and training individuals on inhibitory control tasks have been shown to be effective in improving self-control. There is a need for more high-quality studies using ecologically valid behavioral measures and long-term follow-up to provide more robust evidence on self-control training interventions. Preliminary guidelines for self-control interventions suggest that practicing self-control for a specified period of time in a particular domain or self-control will improve self-control in other domains. However, research needs to develop protocols involving meaningful, engaging training tasks that are acceptable in “real-world” contexts.

Published
2020

27. Self-control interventions

Author

Leerstoel Ridder, Stress and self-regulation, de Ridder, D.T.D., Gillebaart, M., Friese, M., Hagger, M.S., Cameron, L.D., Hamilton, K., Hankonen, N., Lintunen, T., Leerstoel Ridder, Stress and self-regulation, de Ridder, D.T.D., Gillebaart, M., Friese, M., Hagger, M.S., Cameron, L.D., Hamilton, K., Hankonen, N., and Lintunen, T.

Published
2020

28. Measurement invariance of the moral vitalism scale across 28 cultural groups

Author

Wisneski, D, Rudnev, M, Vauclair, C-M, Aminihajibashi, S, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castellanos Guevara, JL, Collier-Baker, E, Crespo, C, Eastwick, P, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gomez, A, Guerra, V, Hanke, K, Hooper, N, Huang, L-L, Karasawa, M, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Peker, M, Pelay, C, Pina, A, Sachkova, M, Saguy, T, Shi, J, Silfver-Kuhalampi, M, Sortheix, F, Swann, W, Tong, JY-Y, Yeung, VW, Bastian, B, Wisneski, D, Rudnev, M, Vauclair, C-M, Aminihajibashi, S, Becker, M, Bilewicz, M, Castellanos Guevara, JL, Collier-Baker, E, Crespo, C, Eastwick, P, Fischer, R, Friese, M, Gomez, A, Guerra, V, Hanke, K, Hooper, N, Huang, L-L, Karasawa, M, Kuppens, P, Loughnan, S, Peker, M, Pelay, C, Pina, A, Sachkova, M, Saguy, T, Shi, J, Silfver-Kuhalampi, M, Sortheix, F, Swann, W, Tong, JY-Y, Yeung, VW, and Bastian, B

Abstract

Moral vitalism refers to a tendency to view good and evil as actual forces that can influence people and events. The Moral Vitalism Scale had been designed to assess moral vitalism in a brief survey form. Previous studies established the reliability and validity of the scale in US-American and Australian samples. In this study, the cross-cultural comparability of the scale was tested across 28 different cultural groups worldwide through measurement invariance tests. A series of exact invariance tests marginally supported partial metric invariance, however, an approximate invariance approach provided evidence of partial scalar invariance for a 5-item measure. The established level of measurement invariance allows for comparisons of latent means across cultures. We conclude that the brief measure of moral vitalism is invariant across 28 cultures and can be used to estimate levels of moral vitalism with the same precision across very different cultural settings.

Published
2020

29. The effect of N-acetylcysteine and working memory training on cocaine use, craving and inhibition in regular cocaine users

Author

Schulte, M. H. J., Wiers, R. W., Boendermaker, W. J., Goudriaan, A. E., van den Brink, W., van Deursen, D. S., Friese, M., Brede, E., Waters, A. J., Social and personality development: A transactional approach, Afd Psychologische functieleer, Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF), Department Clinical Psychology, RS-Research Line Clinical psychology (part of IIESB program), Clinical Psychology, Ontwikkelingspsychologie (Psychologie, FMG), FMG, ANS - Compulsivity, Impulsivity & Attention, APH - Mental Health, Adult Psychiatry, APH - Digital Health, Social and personality development: A transactional approach, Afd Psychologische functieleer, Helmholtz Institute, and Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF)

Subjects
double blind procedure, Medicine (miscellaneous), Craving, SUBSTANCE USE DISORDERS, Toxicology, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, Cocaine, Randomized controlled trial, law, ADOLESCENTS, Ecological momentary assessment, media_common, Inhibition, clinical article, Ecology, EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS, ecological momentary assessment, clinical trial, Free Radical Scavengers, Middle Aged, ABSTINENCE, RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED-TRIAL, Executive functions, Working memory training, writing, urine, drug therapy, Inhibition, Psychological, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Memory, Short-Term, ADDICTION, medicine.symptom, Adult, media_common.quotation_subject, QUESTIONNAIRE, drug combination, cocaine, DRUG-USE, Placebo, working memory, Cocaine-Related Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, male, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, acetylcysteine, medicine, Humans, Learning, controlled study, human, Stroop test, business.industry, craving, Addiction, Abstinence, NICOTINE DEPENDENCE, REACTIVITY, N-acetylcysteine, 030227 psychiatry, executive function, randomized controlled trial, placebo, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, RESPONSES, Stroop effect
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Effective treatment for cocaine use disorder should dampen hypersensitive cue-induced motivational processes and/or strengthen executive control. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and working memory (WM)-training to reduce cocaine use and craving and to improve inhibition assessed in the laboratory and during Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). The second aim was to examine correspondence between laboratory and EMA data.METHODS: Twenty-four of 38 cocaine-using men completed a 25-day intervention with 2400mg/day NAC or placebo and WM-training as well as two lab-visits assessing cocaine use, craving and inhibition (Stop Signal task). Additionally, cocaine use, craving and cognition (Stroop task) were assessed using EMA during treatment, with 26 participants completing 819 assessments.RESULTS: Cocaine problems according to the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT) decreased more after NAC than after placebo, and the proportion of cocaine-positive urines at lab-visit 2 was lower in the NAC group. No NAC effects were found on craving. For cocaine use and craving, results from the lab data were generally similar to EMA results. NAC also showed some effects on cognitive control: improved inhibition assessed with the Stop Signal task in the lab, and decreased classic Stroop performance during EMA. There were no significant effects of number of completed WM-training sessions.CONCLUSIONS: Overall this study revealed mixed findings regarding the treatment of cocaine use disorders with NAC and WM-training. The effect of NAC on inhibition should be further investigated.

Published
2018
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41. The effect of N-acetylcysteine and working memory training on cocaine use, craving and inhibition in regular cocaine users: correspondence of lab assessments and Ecological Momentary Assessment

Author

Schulte, M. H. J., Wiers, R. W., Boendermaker, W. J., Goudriaan, A. E., van den Brink, W., van Deursen, D. S., Friese, M., Brede, E., Waters, A. J., Schulte, M. H. J., Wiers, R. W., Boendermaker, W. J., Goudriaan, A. E., van den Brink, W., van Deursen, D. S., Friese, M., Brede, E., and Waters, A. J.

Abstract

Introduction Effective treatment for cocaine use disorder should dampen hypersensitive cue-induced motivational processes and/or strengthen executive control. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention, the primary aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) and working memory (WM)-training to reduce cocaine use and craving and to improve inhibition assessed in the laboratory and during Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA). The second aim was to examine correspondence between laboratory and EMA data. Methods Twenty-four of 38 cocaine-using men completed a 25-day intervention with 2400 mg/day NAC or placebo and WM-training as well as two lab-visits assessing cocaine use, craving and inhibition (Stop Signal task). Additionally, cocaine use, craving and cognition (Stroop task) were assessed using EMA during treatment, with 26 participants completing 819 assessments. Results Cocaine problems according to the Drug Use Disorder Identification Test (DUDIT) decreased more after NAC than after placebo, and the proportion of cocaine-positive urines at lab-visit 2 was lower in the NAC group. No NAC effects were found on craving. For cocaine use and craving, results from the lab data were generally similar to EMA results. NAC also showed some effects on cognitive control: improved inhibition assessed with the Stop Signal task in the lab, and decreased classic Stroop performance during EMA. There were no significant effects of number of completed WM-training sessions. Conclusions Overall this study revealed mixed findings regarding the treatment of cocaine use disorders with NAC and WM-training. The effect of NAC on inhibition should be further investigated.

Published
2018

42. The effect of N-acetylcysteine and working memory training on cocaine use, craving and inhibition in regular cocaine users: correspondence of lab assessments and Ecological Momentary Assessment

Author

Social and personality development: A transactional approach, Afd Psychologische functieleer, Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF), Schulte, M. H. J., Wiers, R. W., Boendermaker, W. J., Goudriaan, A. E., van den Brink, W., van Deursen, D. S., Friese, M., Brede, E., Waters, A. J., Social and personality development: A transactional approach, Afd Psychologische functieleer, Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF), Schulte, M. H. J., Wiers, R. W., Boendermaker, W. J., Goudriaan, A. E., van den Brink, W., van Deursen, D. S., Friese, M., Brede, E., and Waters, A. J.

Published
2018

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