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Detta arbete har som syfte att undersöka hur en mobilapplikation kan utformas för att uppmuntra unga vuxna i åldersspannet 18-29 till att påbörja och upprätthålla läsning av skönlitteratur genom att rekommendera böcker baserat på deras befintliga kulturkonsumtion. Mobilapplikationen som utformats har fått namnet StoryMatch. Arbetets metod består av de fyra faserna: förstudie, konceptfas, bearbetningsfas och detaljeringsfas. Denna process är till stor del baserad på Arvolas (2014) användarcentrerade designprocess. Resultatet, i form av en interaktiv datorprototyp, har har jag kommit fram till genom denna process som bland annat består av en förstudie, i form av en enkätundersökning samt fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer, och två användbarhetstester. Baserat på resultatet av det slutgiltiga användbarhetstestet har jag dragit slutsatsen att min HiFi-prototyp hade god användbarhet samt ökade lusten att påbörja och upprätthålla läsning av skönlitteratur bland unga vuxna., This report aims to examine how a mobile application can be designed to encourage young adults between the ages of 18 and 29 to start and maintain reading of literature by recommending books based on their existing cultural consumption. The mobile application that has been designed is named StoryMatch. The method of the report consists of the four phases: pre-study, concept phase, processing phase and detail phase. This process is largely based on Arvolas (2014) user centered design process. I have reached the result, in the shape of an interactive prototype, by using this process which amongst other things include a pre-study, consisting of a survey and four semi structured interviews, and two user tests. Based on the result of the final user test I have concluded that my HiFi-prototype had a good user experience and increased the desire to start and maintain reading of literature amongst young adults., Examensarbetet är utfört vid Institutionen för teknik och naturvetenskap (ITN) vid Tekniska fakulteten, Linköpings universitet

The thermal conductivity of wurtzite and zinc blende indium arsenide nanowires was measured using a microfabricated device, with the crystal structure of each sample controlled during growth and determined by transmission electron microscopy. Nanowires of both phases showed a reduction of the thermal conductivity by a factor of 2 or more compared to values reported for zinc blende indium arsenide bulk crystals within the measured temperature range. Theoretical models were developed to analyze the measurement results and determine the effect of phase on phonon transport. Branch-specific phonon dispersion data within the discretized first Brillouin zone were calculated from first principles and used in numerical models of volumetric heat capacity and thermal conductivity. The combined results of the experimental and theoretical studies suggest that wurtzite indium arsenide possesses similar volumetric heat capacity, weighted average group velocity, weighted average phonon-phonon scattering mean free path, and anharmonic scattering-limited thermal conductivity as the zinc blende phase. Hence, we attribute the differing thermal conductivity values observed in the indium arsenide nanowires of different phases to differences in the surface scattering mean free paths between the nanowire samples.

Recently, we have shown how the friction experienced by nanowires pushed by an AFM tip can be determined by measuring their radius of curvature after manipulation [1]. It is of fundamental interest to know whether the wires behave like macroscopic objects, or if they are more like true atomic-scale point contacts where friction becomes independent of the applied normal force. Here we study how the friction between InAs nanowires and a SiN layer on conductive silicon varies when a DC voltage is applied. The tip charges the capacitor formed by the wire and the silicon back contact, causing attractive Coulomb forces and so increasing the contact pressure. A monotonic increase of the sliding friction with voltage was observed. This implies that the friction increases with the normal force and that this mesoscopic system behaves more like a macroscopic contact, despite being only nanometers in size in the direction of motion., Abstract ID: BAPS.2010.MAR.K1.150 ; Abstract: K1.00150

By studying how nanowires lying on a surface bend when pushed by an atomic force microscopy tip we are able to measure the friction between them and the substrate. Here, we show how the friction between InAs nanowires and an insulating silicon nitride layer varies when a dc voltage is applied to the tip during manipulation. The bias charges the capacitor formed by the wire and the grounded silicon back contact. Electrostatic forces increase the contact pressure and allow us to tune the friction between the wire and the silicon nitride surface. Using nanowires of about 40-70 nm diameter and a few microns in length we have applied biases in the range +12 to -12 V. A monotonic increase of the sliding friction with voltage was observed. This increase in friction with the normal force implies that the mesoscopic nanowire-surface system behaves like a macroscopic contact, despite the nanometer size of the contact in the direction of motion. The demonstrated bias-controlled friction has potential applications in MEMS/NEMS devices.

We have investigated friction between InAs nanowires and three different substrates: SiO2, fluorosilanized SiO2, and Si3N4. The nanowires were pushed laterally with the tip of an atomic force microscope and the friction force per unit length for both static and sliding friction was deduced from the equilibrium shape of the bent wires. On all three substrates, thick wires showed a difference between sliding and static friction of up to three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, all substrates display a transition to stick-slip motion for nanowires with a diameter of less than about 40 nm. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates display similar friction behavior suggesting that a condensed water layer does not strongly influence our results. The patterns and trends in the friction data are similar for all three substrates, which indicates that they are more fundamental in character and not specific to a single substrate. ©2010 American Institute of Physics.

A study was conducted to perform friction measurements of InAs nanowires (NW) on silicon nitride (Si 3N 4) through atomic force microscopy (AFM) manipulation. The investigations revealed the friction force per unit length for sliding and static friction over a range of nanowire diameters. It was found that there is a significant difference between the coefficients of the two sliding modes for large wires. It was also found that the difference between the two sliding modes disappears at smaller diameters and the sliding friction becomes equal with the static friction. The AFM investigations were performed on a Nanoscope IIIa Dimension 3100, using rectangular cantilevers, with a nominal spring constant of 30 N m -1. The nanowires were manipulated, using the 'Retrace Lift' mode of the AFM controller. The friction force per unit length was gathered from the local curvature of the NWs, using standard elasticity theory.

Recently, we have shown how the friction acting on nanowires pushed across a surface by an AFM tip can be determined by measuring the radius of curvature of the bent wire aŸer manipulation. This technique allows us to study the friction properties of an extended mesoscale contact. Our main focus has been to determine whether such contacts behave like macroscopic objects, in which dišerences between the 'true' and 'apparent' contact areas play a key role and friction varies linearly with the applied normal force, or whether they are more like atomic-scale point contacts, wheremore fundamental processes dominate and friction oŸen is independent of the normal force. In this work we show how the friction between InAs nanowires and an insulating silicon nitride layer on a conductive silicon substrate varies when a DC voltage is applied to the AFM tip during manipulation. e tip charges the capacitor formed by the wire and the grounded silicon back contact, giving rise to attractive Coulomb forces and thus increasing the contact pressure between the wire and the silicon nitride. In this way we can vary the normal force on the sliding surfaces using a single wire, with a constant structure and contact geometry. Using nanowires of about 40-50 nm diameter and a few microns in length we have applied tip voltages in the range +12 to -12 V. Simplemodeling indicates that these voltages su›ce to give similar levels of band-lling and depletion to when the same wires are used in working wrap-gate or back-gate devices. A monotonic increase of the sliding friction with the voltage applied on the tip was observed. is implies that the friction increases with the normal force and that this mesoscopic system behaves more like a macroscopic contact, despite the nanometer size of the contact in the direction of motion.

A controlled method of manipulation of nanowires was found using the tip of an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). Manipulation is done in the ‘Retrace Lift’ mode, where feedback is turned off for the reverse scan and the tip follows a nominal path. The effective manipulation force during the reverse scan can be changed by varying an offset in the height of the tip over the surface. Using this method, we have studied InAs nanowires on different substrates. We have also investigated interactions between wires and with gold features patterned onto the substrates.

In this paper, we report on the development of a vertical wrap-gated field-effect transistor based on epitaxially grown InAs nanowires. We discuss some of the important steps involved in the growth and processing, such as nanowire position control, in sit

We discuss a new approach to measure the friction force between elastically deformed nanowires and a surface. The wires are bent, using an AFM, into an equilibrium shape determined by elastic restoring forces within the wire and friction between the wire and the surface. From measurements of the radius of curvature of the bent wires, elasticity theory allows the friction force per unit length to be calculated. We have studied friction properties of InAs nanowires deposited on SiO2, silanized SiO2 and Si3N4 substrates. The wires were typically from 0.5 to a few microns long, with diameters varying between 20 and 80 nm. Manipulation is done in a `Retrace Lift' mode, where feedback is turned off for the reverse scan and the tip follows a nominal path. The effective manipulation force during the reverse scan can be changed by varying an offset in the height of the tip over the surface. We will report on interesting static- and sliding friction experiments with nanowires on the different substrates, including how the friction force per unit length varies with the diameter of the wires.

On an upward curve? The curvature of an elastically deformed nanowire pinned to a flat surface contains information about the maximum static friction force, and hence the shear stress, between the nanowire and the surface. Here, InAs nanowires are bent in a controlled manner using the tip of an atomic force microscope (see image). The shear stress can be obtained from a simple analysis according to the standard theory of elasticity.

In this paper, we report on a novel approach to measure shear stress between elastic nanowires and a SiO2 surface. The method is based on the fact that the curvature of an elastically deformed nanowire pinned to a flat surface contains information about the maximal static friction force, i.e., the shear stress between the wire and the surface. At rest, the deformed wire is kept in equilibrium by counterbalancing static friction forces and restoring elastic forces. In the present work, InAs nanowires are bent in a controlled manner using the tip of an atomic force microscope (AFM). After the manipulation, the curvature of the most bent state can be determined from AFM micrographs. Assuming bulk values for the Young’s modulus, the shear stress can be obtained from straight- forward analyses according to standard theory of elasticity., Poster nr. R1.00108