Search

Background: Solanum pseudocapsicum (PC) and Capsicum annum (CA) belongs to the family of Solanaceae. CA have been reported a rich source of phenolics whereas, the phenolics content of GA (gallic acid), SC (scopoletin), RA (rosmarinic acid), and RV (resveratrol) are yet to be reported for the PC-fruit. This study comparatively evaluates the phenolics profile for different parts (seeds and skin) and colors (green and red) of the PC- and CA-fruits using the green solvents of ethanol (ET), acetone (AC), water (H2O), and different combinations of these solvents. Methodology: Ultrasonics extraction (US) and UHPLC analysis were employed for phenolics evaluation. Results: The USMD (method development) revealed the highest extract yield of 62 mg/100 mg for the PC-skin in ET:AC (70:30) solvent whereas, more phenolics (ppm) were observed for PC-seeds in ET:AC (50:50) solvent, particularly the SC (29.46) and GA (16.92). The UHPLCMDMV exhibited significant accuracies (100.70–114.14 %) with r2-values (0.9993–0.9997) in the linearity range of 1–200 ppm. The USMV (method validation) in PC- and CA-fruit parts and colors revealed more extract yields for the red skin part of the PC- (180.5 mg) and CA-fruit (126.2 mg). The phenolics were seen more in the green seeds of the PC-fruit (ppm); SC (276), GA (147.36), RV (28.54), and RA (23.87) followed by the green PC-skin, and red/green CA-seeds. The statistical models of mean differences, ANOVA, and Pearson’s correlation showed significant differences for the PC-fruit parts (seeds and skin) and colors (red and green) vs extract yield and phenolics content (P = 0.05). Conclusion: PC-and CA-fruits were successfully evaluated where the seeds for the green fruits exhibited more phenolics amount.

Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel is the most widespread serious fruit pest in Asia and the knowledge on oviposition behaviour of B. dorsalis on different fruit varieties are vital for effective management of the pest. Hence, the present study investigated the preference and oviposition behaviour of B. dorsalis on different colour types of Willard mango variety. A series of choice and non-choice laboratory experiments for testing the oviposition preference were conducted and tested fruits were incubated until pupation and the emergence of adults. The results revealed that female B. dorsalis showed a significantly high preference to visit and oviposit in yellow colour Willard mangoes (p<0.05) over red, orange and green colours. The number of pupae and number of adult flies that emerged was also significantly high in yellow colour mangoes under choice condition (p<0.05). In both choice and non-choice tests, green colour Willard was less prominently used by female flies for their visiting and ovipositing (p<0.05). The number of visits and visit duration of fruits was positively correlated with oviposition attempts of female flies in choice conditions. In both tests, the number of oviposition attempts was significantly correlated with the number of pupae and adults who emerged. There was no influence of the colour on the percentage of adult emergence from the pupae in non-choice trials. The study findings could be incorporated to plan and implement the control measures to avoid infestations of commercial mango varieties by fruit flies at the field and at the market level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Fast, ecofriendly, and economical USUHPLC phenolics extraction and analysis. • Comparative evaluation of the fruit parts and colors. • More extract yields observed for the red and skin parts of the fruit. • PC- and CA-fruits green seeds exhibited more phenolic yield compared to the skin part. • Phenolics content was high in the green and seeds parts of the fruit, PC in particular. Solanum pseudocapsicum (PC) and Capsicum annum (CA) belongs to the family of Solanaceae. CA have been reported a rich source of phenolics whereas, the phenolics content of GA (gallic acid), SC (scopoletin), RA (rosmarinic acid), and RV (resveratrol) are yet to be reported for the PC-fruit. This study comparatively evaluates the phenolics profile for different parts (seeds and skin) and colors (green and red) of the PC- and CA-fruits using the green solvents of ethanol (ET), acetone (AC), water (H 2 O), and different combinations of these solvents. Ultrasonics extraction (US) and UHPLC analysis were employed for phenolics evaluation. The USMD (method development) revealed the highest extract yield of 62 mg/100 mg for the PC-skin in ET:AC (70:30) solvent whereas, more phenolics (ppm) were observed for PC-seeds in ET:AC (50:50) solvent, particularly the SC (29.46) and GA (16.92). The UHPLCMDMV exhibited significant accuracies (100.70–114.14 %) with r2-values (0.9993–0.9997) in the linearity range of 1–200 ppm. The USMV (method validation) in PC- and CA-fruit parts and colors revealed more extract yields for the red skin part of the PC- (180.5 mg) and CA-fruit (126.2 mg). The phenolics were seen more in the green seeds of the PC-fruit (ppm); SC (276), GA (147.36), RV (28.54), and RA (23.87) followed by the green PC-skin, and red/green CA-seeds. The statistical models of mean differences, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation showed significant differences for the PC-fruit parts (seeds and skin) and colors (red and green) vs extract yield and phenolics content (P = 0.05). PC-and CA-fruits were successfully evaluated where the seeds for the green fruits exhibited more phenolics amount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]