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This document is the product of meetings of the Prime Study Group of the Institute on Rehabilitation Issues, whose mission was to: examine consumer choice and decision making in rehabilitation; review the legislation and consumer movements leading to greater consumer choice; identify the roles and responsibilities of the consumer, the counselor, supervisors, administrators, and others in the vocational rehabilitation process; and consider how to operationalize the process of consumer choice and involvement. Chapter 1 focuses on the concept of "consumer informed choice," noting the counselor's changing role, the consumer-counselor partnership, and benefits of consumer informed choice. Chapter 2 provides background information on the evolution of rehabilitation as a social program, reasons for social change and demand for rehabilitation reform, and the change process. Chapter 3 focuses on the roles and responsibilities of various stake-holders in the informed-choice process. Chapter 4 considers how to operationalize the process. It discusses when the process occurs, the importance of counseling in implementing informed-choice, counselor skills, a case study involving choice issues, documentation, strategies to empower the consumer and reduce conflict, pilot projects, and program models. Attached are a glossary and two article reprints by Thomas Czerlinsky and Shirley Chandler, titled "Effective Consumer-Service Provider Interactions in Vocational Rehabilitation" and "Empowerment Counseling: Consumer-Counselor Partnerships in the Rehabilitation Process." (Contains approximately 90 references.) (DB)

These 43 papers focus on changes in vocational assessment and evaluation. Selected titles include "Review of the Needs of Physically Handicapped Persons in the Vocational Counseling Process and a Possible Solution" (Ranson); "Vocational Assessment in the Management of the Chronic Pain Patient" (Dutton); "Vocational Evaluation of the Individual with Epilepsy" (Nolte); "Back to Work: A Vocational Plan for Chronic Pain" (Curtis, Cook); "Short-term Out-patient Vocational Evaluation for the Rural Population" (Harder); "Modifications of a Career Information Delivery System for Use with Hearing-impaired Persons" (Marut); "Delivery of Vocational Evaluation services to Deaf Persons" (Marut); "Training Opportunity Profile for Visually Impaired Persons (TOP-VIP)" (Peterson); "Vocational Assessment of People with Severe Physical Disability" (Frank); "Vocational Assessment: A Tool Texas Is Putting to Use in Offender (Re)habilitation" (Spitznagel, Dews); "Late Effects of Poliomyelitis" (Fairhurst, Halstead); "Implications of Cognitive-behaviorism for Vocational Evaluation" (Bodenhamer, et al.); "Research Update: A Vocational Evaluation Program for Quadriplegics" (Alfred); "Transitioning Special Education Students from School to Work" (Ashley, et al.); "Personnel Development of School-based Vocational Assessment Personnel" (Peterson); "Assessing the Vocational Adaptivity of High School Students with Mild Cognitive and Intellectual Deficits" (Thomas); "A Vocational Screening Process for Transitional Planning at the 9th Grade Level" (Downs, Conlon); "Vocational Evaluation in the Public Schools--the Virginia Model" (Scott, Prezioso); "The Impact of the Carl D. Perkins Act on Vocational Assessment" (LeConte); "Vocational Assessment as an Aid in the Transitioning Process" (Davis, Foster); "Applications of the Vocational Decision-Making Interview (DMI) to Vocational Rehabilitation and Special Education" (Czerlinsky); "Why Direct Vocational Training Works" (Goodfriend); "A Study Regarding Placement and Performance of Students Receiving Vocational Evaluations" (Evans); "Vocational Assessment in the Public Schools" (Brolin); "Comparison of Vocational Evaluator Positions in Traditional Vocational Rehabilitation, School, and Private-for-profit Settings" (Thomas); "Work Hardening" (Taylor, Blaine); "Ecological Determinants of Vocational Evaluation" (Murphy, Hagner);"Computer Assisted Report Processing in Vocational Evaluation" (Smith, Rothacker); "A Critique of the Research Data Base Relative to Work Adjustment" (Akridge); "Work/Abilities: An Integrative Approach to Vocational Evaluation" (Awtrey, et al.); "Critical Attributes of Vocational Rehabilitation Facilities" (Czerlinsky, Smith); "Vocational Evaluation" (Edgcomb); "A Market Orientation to Vocational Evaluation" (Comegys, Smith); "Data Bases and Vocational Decision Making" (Botterbusch); "Development of a Self-Administered Computerized Vocational Assessment System" (Krass, Conlon); and "Vocational Evaluation: What Direction" (McDaniel). (YLB)

The current state of the art in vocational assessment is explored in 46 papers: "Vocational Evaluation: An Experimental Trend in Vocational Assessment" (Nadolsky); "Certification for Teachers and Vocational Evaluation Specialists" (Meers); "Marketing Vocational Education" (Williamson); "Norms, Reliability, and Validity in Commercial Vocational Evaluation Systems" (Botterbusch); "Research Needs and Vocational Assessment as a Science" (Menz); "Vocational Evaluator as Expert Witness" (Ellis); "School-Based Vocational Assessment" (Peterson); "A Model Vocational Evaluation Program for the Learning Disabled Adult" (Long, Hicks); "A Work Measurement Approach to Functional Assessment" (Black, et al.); "Further Development of the Vocational Decision-Making Interview for Handicapped Populations" (Czerlinsky); "A Comparative Study of Performance Scores on the Valpar Component Work Samples" (Dion); "Valpar Component Work Samples: A Correlation Analysis" (Dion); "A Psychovocational Evaluation Model" (Gruehagen, Mohr); "Evaluation of Prevocational Skills in Public School Settings" (Phelps); "The Regional Vocational Assessment Center" (Kapland); "Services of a Special Needs Evaluation Center" (Bohnenstiehl); "Introduction to Microcomputers" (McDaniel); "Computer Software for Assessing and Shaping Motor Performance in Vocational Evaluation and Adjustment Programs" (Coker, Blakemore); "The Use of Computers in Vocational Assessment" (Tango); "Employment through Rehabilitation Technology Awareness" (Johnson); "Microcomputers as Prosthetic Aids for the Severely Physically Disabled" (Long, Hicks); "Ethical Dilemmas--Differences in the Public and Private for Profit Practitioners' Point of View" (McClanahan); "Effective Vocational Evaluation of Non-English Speaking Individuals (Edgcomb); "A Triadic Approach to the Vocational Assessment of the Industrially Injured" (Stewart, et al.); "Vocational Assessment of Chronic Pain Syndrome Patients" (Costello); "Vocational Assessment of Psychiatrically Disabled Professionals" (Stone); "A Reappraisal of Vocational Evaluation from an Ecological Systems Perspective" (Szymula, Schleser); "New Directions for Vocational Assessment" (Hastings); "Career/Vocational Assessment in the Public School Setting" (Sitlington, et al.); "Levels of Worker Functions Claimed by Valpar for Its Work Samples Compared to Those Determined through Job Analysis of the Work Samples" (Clark); "Vocational Outcomes Associated with Lower Extremity Amputations" (Roush); "A Work Hardening Model for the 80s" (Smith, McFarlane); "Physical Capacity Evaluation and the Work Hardening Program" (May); "Identifying Optimal Working Conditions for Persons with Low Vision--Who Is Responsible?" (Small); "Vocational Evaluation of Blind and Visually Impaired Persons" (Peterson); "The Vocational Evaluation of Head Injured Patients" (Weinberger); "Prevocational Evaluation: A Mind Set or a Process" (Coffey, et al.); "A Hierarchical Model of Vocational Evaluation" (Mason); "Short Term Training of Vocational Assessment Personnel" (Esser); "The Career Assessment Process in the Intermediate District" (Murray, Skaja); "Ohio School Based Work Evaluator Teacher Certification Program" (Napier); "A Comprehensive Employability Assessment Strategy for Disabled Persons" (Roessler, et al.); "Vocational Assessment of Learning Disabilities" (Hartlage, Telzrow); and "Vocational Assessment of Deaf and Hearing Impaired Persons" (Cotter). (MN)

Of the 50 papers, selected titles include "Redefining the Client, Expanding the Evaluator's Role" (Weldon, Gibson); "Professional Contacts for Evaluator's Expanding Roles" (Dowd); "Vocational Evaluators and the Law" (Kass); "Ethics in Vocational Evaluation" (Early); "Professional Advocacy in Vocational Evaluation and Assessment" (Bowers et al.); "Pre-Employment Placement Screening" (Taylor); "Career Assessment to Facilitate Adult Life Transitions" (Mullins); "On-the-Job Evaluations" (Kell); "Considerations for Job Selection and Placement of Persons with Cumulative Trauma Disorder" (Lopez); "Forensic Vocational Evaluation" (McDaniel); "Marketing Plan Development" (Grissom, Nelson); "Understanding the Unique Contributions of Occupational Therapy within Vocational Assessment" (McCracken); "Rehabilitation Counseling and Occupational Therapy Working Hand in Hand" (Fryman, Melickian); "Non-Relational Databases in Rehabilitation Facilities" (Prachyl); "New Gameplan for Vocational Evaluators" (Williamson); "What WAT Is and What WAT Is Not" (Ayella); "Four Perspectives of Vocational Evaluation" (Nolte); "Marketing the Non-Profit Evaluation Service to Private Industry" (Vohlken); "Model for Vocational Evaluation in Community-Based Employment" (Botterbusch); "Toward Consensus" (Ayella et al.); "Job Matching Systems" (Truthan); "The Trial and Tribulations of a First Time Vocational Expert" (Magrega); "Vocational Evaluation of Closed Head Trauma" (May, Wilkins); "Vocational Assessment for the Severely Physically Challenged" (Peterson, Oliveira); "Illinois Vocational Interest Survey and Assessment" (Sprengel, Moradian); "Vocational Evaluation of Persons with Combined Hearing and Visual Impairments" (Kaskel); "Integrating Vocational Assessments with Special Education Triennial Reevaluations" (Levinson); "Role of School Psychology in Vocational Assessment" (Levinson); "Curriculum Based Vocational Assessment at the Middle and Secondary School" (Swisher); "Role of Assessment in the Transition/Education Process" (Schmitz); "Concurrent Validation of the Abbreviated McCarron-Dial System for Students with Mental Retardation and Learning Disabilities" (Kimmel); "Use of a Robotic System in Vocational Assessment" (Robbins et al.); "Analysis of Private Sector Rehabilitation Case Managers' Opinions Regarding Work Hardening and Work Capacity Evaluation Programs" (May); "Vocational Patterns and Work Concepts of Recovering Alcoholics" (Ridlehoover); "Correlates of Consumer Satisfaction with Vocational Evaluation Services" (Early, Bordieri); and "Comparison of Rehabilitation Clients Tested and Self-Estimated Vocational Aptitudes and Interests" (Bond et al.). (CML)

Selected papers are as follows: "Evolving Policy Paradigms and Legislative Implications for Vocational Assessment Services" (LeConte et al.); "Integrating Academic Competencies in Vocational Assessment, Education, and Training" (DeMoss, Horvath); "Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)" (Thomas et al.); "Selecting Vocational Evaluation Tools" (McDaniel et al.); "Work Evaluation" (Ravicz); "Building Consensus" (Smith, Schuster); "Role of Language and Culture in Vocational Assessment" (Colyer, Smith); "Personnel Shortages in Vocational Evaluation" (Stewart); "Job Interviews under the ADA" (Kornblau); "Facilitating Self-Determination" (Kaskel, Oppenheim); "ADA Compliance" (Ellexson); "Standards for Best Practice in Vocational Assessment and Evaluation" (Dowd et al.); "Proposed Curriculum Model for Vocational Evaluation" (Pell, Taylor); "Effective Consumer-Counselor Interactions in Vocational Rehabilitation" (Czerlinsky); "Comparison of Recertification Requirements" (DeGraw, Stroud); "Using Behavioral Rating Scales as Part of Vocational Assessment" (McKenna); "Critical Vocational Behaviors" (Modahl); "Technology Considerations during the Vocational Evaluation Process" (Smith, McClain); "Assessing Needs, Supports, and Environments in Vocational Evaluation" (Sabousky et al.); "Work Adjustment Job Coach Service" (Davis, Barron); "Modifying Evaluation Process to Determine Reasonable Accommodations" (Parhamovich); "Vocational Expert Testimony" (Strauss); "Documenting Functional Performance Criteria in Work Capacity Evaluations" (May); "Report Writing" (Adams-Webber);"Facilitating Self-Determination with Vocational Assessment in Multi-Cultural Settings" (Akridge, Farley); "Expanding Vocational Evaluation Process through Assistive Technology" (Reed et al.); "Establishing Vocational Direction Utilizing Fantasy with Persons Who Are Severely Disabled" (Braunig); "Transition of Persons with Cognitive Disabilities" (Robinson); "Vocational Evaluation of Older Worker with a Disability" (Hursh); "Vocational Assessment of Individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury" (Krankowski, Culbertson); "Vocational Evaluation" (May); "Vocational Evaluation Using Adaptive Equipment for People with Vision Impairments" (Yang); "Learning Style Assessment and Reasonable Accommodations for Students with Learning Disabilities" (Sylvester); "Voc-Ed Exploration Survey" (Ensley);"Self-Determination" (Ginavan, Jozwiak); "Pre-Vocational Training" (Johnson); "Vocational Assessment of Students with Disadvantages" (Nolte, Waechter); "Vocational Assessment of Persons with Severe and Profound Disabilities" (Shanahan); and "Results of 1992 Multi-Cultural Task Force Survey" (Nussbaum et al.). (YLB)