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Interspecific American‐European hazelnut (Corylus americana × C. avellana) hybrids are being developed for the Upper Midwest region of the United States, which have potential economic and ecological benefits. Currently, researchers are working on pre‐commercialization initiatives to create a local hazelnut industry. However, a lack of knowledge on the sensory characteristics and consumer acceptability of the hybrid hazelnuts have been identified as potential limitations to production. This study investigated consumer responses to hybrid hazelnuts, employing hedonic ratings and check‐all‐that‐apply (CATA) questions. Twelve roasted hazelnut hybrids were subjected to consumer evaluation for liking (aroma, color, flavor, texture, and overall) and aroma and flavor descriptors. Consumers also evaluated two European hazelnut varieties for comparative purposes. Liking scores were significantly different (p < 0.05) across different hybrid varieties and when comparing specific hybrids with European varieties. CATA sensory profiles specific to different varieties were also observed and discriminating attributes were identified using multiple‐response methodologies. Penalty analysis based on CATA further identified the attributes roasty, hazelnut‐like, caramel‐like, chocolate‐like, sweet, and salty as primary drivers of aroma/flavor liking, while earthy, burnt, and bitter were identified as primary drivers of disliking. Overall, unique flavors that impacted liking were found in hybrid hazelnuts and, when compared with European hazelnuts, provided insights for breeding and post‐processing strategies to optimize product quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposed an innovative strategy for planning multimodal, integrated, intelligent, and sustainable mobility by applying 3-tiers mobility stations system combine with car sharing and bike sharing, which aims to promoting the accessibility with available transportation systems and enhance the intramodality and utilization of non-motorized transportation modes. Through the case study of the Fürstenfeldbruck city region in Germany, the 3-tiers mobility stations system concept and its planning criteria and indicators were proposed. And mobility service offerings and location selection of stations were analyzed by considering demand and coverage. Subsequently, evaluation methods based on the pre-defined indicators were implemented to the case study. The planning process is target-oriented and based on relevant structural data analysis.

Ceramic matrix nanocomposites containing graphene possess superior mechanical properties. However, these nanocomposites are very difficult to be prepared using the conventional methods due to severe grain growth and simultaneous degradation of the graphene at high sintering temperatures and long dwell time. Herein, the dense ZrO2/rGO (reduced graphene oxide) nanocomposites are successfully fabricated by flash sintering of the green compacts consisting of ZrO2 nanoparticles and graphene oxide (GO) at 893–951℃ in merely 5 seconds under the alternating current (AC) electric fields of 130–150 V cm−1. The GO can be in situ thermal reduced during the flash sintering. The as‐prepared ZrO2/rGO nanocomposites exhibit excellent mechanical properties. This study presents a green and simple approach to fabricate the dense ceramic matrix nanocomposites reinforced with graphene at low temperatures in a short time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fabrication of dense KNN‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics at low temperatures in short time through a cost‐effective way remains a challenge. Herein, this challenge could be addressed by using reactive flash sintering. It is demonstrated that the phase transformation of KNbO3‐NaNbO3 into (K,Na)NbO3 and densification occur simultaneously during the flash event. Most importantly, ZrO2 doping can greatly decrease the onset flash temperature, which is ascribed to the increased conductivity of sample. In addition, the current limit has a significant effect on the phase transformation and densification. The flash‐sintered KNN ceramics exhibit the good ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties. Furthermore, the ZrO2 doped and undoped KNN ceramics show a comparable coercive field Ec, which may be related to the residual point defects after the flash. Besides the Joule heating, the avalanche generation of point defects is suggested to be responsible for the ultrafast solid‐state reaction and densification rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]