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1. Viral Hepatitis

Author

Mahapatra, Rahul, Fuhrer, Jack, Wu, George Y., Series Editor, Chirch, Lisa M., editor, and Ivanaviciene, Jurate, editor

Published
2019
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5. Weight Gain and Metabolic Effects in Persons With HIV Who Switch to ART Regimens Containing Integrase Inhibitors or Tenofovir Alafenamide

Author

Palella, Frank J., primary, Hou, Qingjiang, additional, Li, Jun, additional, Mahnken, Jonathan, additional, Carlson, Kimberly J., additional, Durham, Marcus, additional, Ward, Douglas, additional, Fuhrer, Jack, additional, Tedaldi, Ellen, additional, Novak, Richard, additional, and Buchacz, Kate, additional

Published
2023
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6. Implementation of 'Treat‐all' at adult HIV care and treatment sites in the Global IeDEA Consortium: results from the Site Assessment Survey

Author

Brazier, Ellen, Maruri, Fernanda, Duda, Stephany N., Tymejczyk, Olga, Wester, C William, Somi, Geoffrey, Ross, Jeremy, Freeman, Aimee, Cornell, Morna, Poda, Armel, Musick, Beverly S., Zhang, Fujie, Althoff, Keri N., Mugglin, Catrina, Kimmel, April D., Yotebieng, Marcel, Nash, Denis, Karminia, Azar, Sohn, Annette H., Allen, Debbie, Bloch, Mark, Boyd, Susan, Brown, Katherine, Costa, Jess, Donohue, William, Gunathilake, Manoji, Hoy, Jennifer, Macrae, Karen, Moore, Richard, Roth, Norman, Rowling, Diane, Silvers, Julie, Smith, David J., Sowden, David, Templeton, David, Varma, Rick, Woolley, Ian, Youds, David, Meng, Somanithd Chhay, Vannary, Bun, Chan, Yun Ting, Lam, Wilson, Lee, Man Po, Ning, Han, Pansy, Yu Po Chu, Kumarasamy, N., Pujari, Sanjay, Kurniati, Nia, Merati, Tuti Parwati, Muktiarti, Dina, Parwata, Wayan Sandhi, Ratni, Made, Sukmawati, Ni Made Dewi Dian, Vedaswari, Dian Sulistya Putu Diah, Wati, Ketut Dewi Kumara, Yunihastuty, Evy, Tanuma, Junko, Mills, Graham, Raymond, Nigel, Ditangco, Rossana, Papa, Ohnmar Seinn, Tek, Ng Oon, Azwa, Raja, Daud, Fauziah, Juin, Wong Ke, Kamarulzaman, Adeeba Binti, Khairulddin, Nik, Li, Chong Meng, Moy, Fong Siew, Shah, Raja Iskandar, Shyan, Wong Peng, Sim, Benedict, Thahira, Jamal Mohamed, Tuang, Koh Mia, Yusoff, Nik, Choi, Jun Yong, Chan, Yu?Jiun, Huang, Chih?Sheng, Wing?Wai, Wong, Avihingsanon, Anchalee, Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya, Hansudewechakul, Rawiwan, Khumcha, Benjhawan, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kiertiburanakul, Sasisopin, Lumbiganon, Pagakrong, Maleesatharn, Alan, Praparattanapan, Jutarat, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Sricharoenchai, Sirintip, Sudjaritruk, Tavitiya, Watanaporn, Suporn, An, Vu Thien, Cuong, Do Duy, H?ng, Bùi Thu, Huy, Bùi V?, Quy, Du Tuan, Van, Lam Nguyen, Baragunzwa, Agathomfue, Gakima, Dévote, Ingabire, Gloria, Kankinoi, Floride, Manyundo, Risase Scholastique, Misago, Celestin, Nahimana, Thierry, Nimbona, Pélagie, Ntirampeba, Felicite, Twizere, Christella, Ajeh, Rogers, Djenabou, Amadou, Dzudie, Anastase, Ewanoge, Alice Ndelle, Tchassem, Edmond, Bampapa, Therese, Lelo, Patricia, Kitetele, Faustin, Paul, Marie, Tytyna, Amida, Akolbout, Maryse, Bitsindou, Parfait, Diafouka, Merlin, Mafoua, Adolphe, Mahinga, Nadine, Moudila, Ella, Moutoula, Antoinette, Ndala, Ulrich, Nsonde, Dominique Mahambou, Ayinkamiye, Josephine, Dusabe, Chantal, Hakizimana, Theogene, Mbaraga, Gilbert, Mukamana, Joyce, Mukantwali, Sandrine, Munyaneza, Athanase, Murangwa, Anthere, Musenguwera, J. Claude, Ngutegure, Marie Immanculee, Ntarambirwa, Fidele, Nyiransabimana, Diane, Sinayobye, Jean D'Amour, Tuyishimire, Yvonne, Uwamahoro, Olive, Viateur, Habumuremyi, Vincent, Sugira, Kuhn, Yee Yee, Musick, Beverly, Rodriguez, Israel, Wools?Kaloustian, Kara, Yiannoutsos, Constantin, Akajoroit, Esinasi, Ariya, Peter, Atsimale, Meshack, Barua, Zeruya, Busaka, Oscar, Bukusi, Elizabeth, Chebor, Valentine, Chemweno, Timothy, Chirchir, John, Esendi, Lameck Diero Sagida, Fwamba, Aisha, Mmella, Anne, Githumbi, Eunice, Hussein, Marcia Nasimiyu, Kandie, Xavier, Kemunto, Martha, Khaemba, Elizabeth, Kipchumba, Mary, Koech, Emily, Kosgei, Caroline, Laundrick, Barasa, Merongo, Ruth, Mochotto, Patricia, Munyisi, Consolata, Ndakalu, Lilian, Ochieng, William Okoth, Odalo, Paul, Okumu, Wicklife, Omari, Lilian, Omondi, Alphoce, Osia, Lydia, Owino, Magret, Oyoo, Maureen, Pepela, Doris, Rono, Millicent, Simon, Omar, Tenge, Angie, Too, Mary, Toto, Modesta, Towett, Cathrine, Wawire, Kennedy, Kimambo, Mensaria, Kinyota, Ester, Lyamuya, Rita, Mathias, Julia, Mfuko, Athuman Ramadhan, Michael, Denna, Ngonyani, Kapella Zacharia, Nyaga, Charles, Somi, G.R., Urassa, Mark S., Batte, James, Bwana, Mwebesa Bosco, Castelnuovo, Barbara, Kanyesigye, Michael, Kisakye, Alice, Nalugoda, Fred, Semuwemba, Haruna, Ssali, John, Ssemakadde, Matthew, Castilho, Jessica, Cesar, Carina, De Alencastro, Paulo Ricardo, Barbosa, Eduardo Luiz, Brites, Carlos, Caricol, Renata, Carmo, Fabiana Bononi Do, Coelho, Lara Esteves, Escuder, Maria Mercedes, Estevam, Denize Lotufo, Ferreira, Flavia Gomes Faleiro, Gonçalves, Alexandre, Gouvêa, Aída Barbosa, Ikeda, Maria Leticia Rodrigues, Kalichman, Artur O., Machado, Daisy Maria, Queiroz, Simone, Souza, Rosa, Succi, Regina Célia, Trindade, Kátia Valeska, Tupinambás, Unai, Wolff, Marcelo, Rouzier, Vanessa, Padgett, Denis, Crabtree, Brenda, Martin, Carlos Eduardo Verne, Mejia, Fernando, Chang, Benny, Done, Brenda, Gabe, Larry, Gill, John, Gough, Kevin, Howlett, Gail, Klein, Marin, Latendre?Paquette, Judy, Leung, Victor, Macphee, Paul, Macpherson, P., Maharaj, Raj, Medina, Lorna Carrasco, Page, Suzanne, Pexos, Costas, Rachlis, Anita, Salters, Kate, Sterling, Sherine, Boswell, Stephen, Burkholder, Greer, Cesteros, Gisela, Chagaris, Kalliope, Franklin, Rosa, Fuhrer, Jack, Gilbert, Cynthia L., Goetz, Matthew, Grasso, Chris, Horberg, Michael, Hunter?Mellado, Robert F., Kell, Rita, Kitahata, Mari, Klein, Daniel, Levine, Ken, Marconi, Vincent, Mathews, Christopher, Mayor, Angel M., Mcgowan, Catherine, Napravnik, Sonia, Novak, Richard, Oursler, Kris Ann, Ramos, Shellier, Rodriguez, Benigno, Rodriguez, Maria C., Silverberg, Michael, Simberkoff, Michael S., Varshney, Mohit, Ward, Douglas, Widick, Barb, Yangco, Bienvenido G., Davies, Mary?Ann, Smith, Lilian, Von Groote, Per Maximilian, Muhairwe, Josephine, Balakasi, Steve, Banda, Quietus, Kalepa, Getrude, Bello, Andrew, Bulla, J.W., Chigeda, Maria, Chikaphupha, Joyce, Chikwekwere, Flora, Kachoka, Jack, Kapito, Allan, Katondo, Alinafe Nathan, Kumwenda, Molly, Labein, Felix Phewa, Magombo, Ronald, Malumbe, Bridget, Makuwira, I., Marico, Patricia, Masangale, Betha, Mchiela, Angella, Midian, Dan, Phiri, Kezia, Tambe, Mary, Thomas, Baid, Thomson, Charles, Hector, Jonas, Cross, Anna, Dlamini, Siphephelo, Eley, Brian, Euvrard, Jonathan, Fatti, Geoffrey, Hilderbrand, Katherine, Hsiao, Marvin, Mpye, Michael, Prozesky, Hans, Reubenson, Gary, Rose, Lesley, Sawry, Shobna, Sibambo, Nosisa, Technau, Karl, Vinikoor, Michael, Chimbetete, Cleophas, Kamenova, Kamelia, Balestre, Eric, Leroy, Valeriane, Malasteste, Karen, Djimon, Marcel Zannou, D' Almeida, Marcelline, Hounhoui, Ghislaine, Assogba, Michee, Zoungrana, Jacques, Yaméogo, Issouf, Tapsoba, Achille, Abdelh, Sidibé, Bosse, Clarisse Amani, Diabaté, Mamoudou, Eboua, Tanoh Kassi François, Folquet, Madeleine Amorissani, Hawelander, Denise, Konaté, Mamadou, Kouakou, Kouadio, Lambert, Dohoun, Minga, Albert Kla, N'Gbeche, Marie Sylvie, Tanon, Aristophane, Yao, Abo, Renner, Lorna, N'Diaye, Clémentine, Berthé, Mme Alima, Seydi, Moussa, Tine, Judicaël, Elom, Takassi Ounoo, Kariylare, Benjamin, and Patassi, Akessiwe

Subjects
Public health administration -- Evaluation, HIV infection -- Diagnosis -- Drug therapy, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: Since 2015, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended that all people living with HIV (PLHIV) initiate antiretroviral treatment (ART), irrespective of CD4+ count or clinical stage. National adoption of universal treatment has accelerated since WHO's 2015 “Treat All” recommendation; however, little is known about the translation of this guidance into practice. This study aimed to assess the status of Treat All implementation across regions, countries, and levels of the health care delivery system. Methods: Between June and December 2017, 201/221 (91%) adult HIV treatment sites that participate in the global IeDEA research consortium completed a survey on capacity and practices related to HIV care. Located in 41 countries across seven geographic regions, sites provided information on the status and timing of site‐level introduction of Treat All, as well as site‐level practices related to ART initiation. Results: Almost all sites (93%) reported that they had begun implementing Treat All, and there were no statistically significant differences in site‐level Treat All introduction by health facility type, urban/rural location, sector (public/private) or country income level. The median time between national policy adoption and site‐level introduction was one month. In countries where Treat All was not yet adopted in national guidelines, 69% of sites reported initiating all patients on ART, regardless of clinical criteria, and these sites had been implementing Treat All for a median period of seven months at the time of the survey. The majority of sites (77%) reported typically initiating patients on ART within 14 days of confirming diagnosis, with 60% to 62% of sites implementing Treat All in East, Southern and West Africa reporting same‐day ART initiation for most patients. Conclusions: By mid‐ to late‐2017, the Treat All strategy was the standard of care at almost all IeDEA sites, including rural, primary‐level health facilities in low‐resource settings. While further assessments of site‐level capacity to provide high‐quality HIV care under Treat All and to support sustained viral suppression after ART initiation are needed, the widespread introduction of Treat All at the service delivery level is a critical step towards global targets for ending the HIV epidemic as a public health threat., Introduction WHO's 2015 recommendation for immediate treatment of all PLHIV, regardless of CD4+ cell count, represented a paradigm shift in HIV care and treatment. By preventing morbidity and mortality among [...]

Published
2019
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7. Trends in use of genotypic resistance testing and frequency of major drug resistance among antiretroviral-naive persons in the HIV Outpatient Study, 1999–2011

Author

Buchacz, Kate, Young, Benjamin, Palella, Frank J., Jr, Armon, Carl, Brooks, John T., Buchacz, Kate, Brooks, John T., Durham, Marcus D., Hays, Harlen, Wood, Kathleen C., Hankerson, Darlene, Hart, Rachel, Subramanian, Thilakavathy, Armon, Carl, Dean, Bonnie, Franklin, Dana, Palella, Frank J., Chmiel, Joan S., Jahangir, Saira, Flaherty, Conor Daniel, Dixon-Evans, Jerian Denise, Lichtenstein, Kenneth A., Stewart, Cheryl, Hammer, John, Greenberg, Kenneth S., Widick, Barbara, Franklin, Rosa, Yangco, Bienvenido G., Chagaris, Kalliope, Ward, Doug, Fuhrer, Jack, Ording-Bauer, Linda, Kelly, Rita, Esteves, Jane, Tedaldi, Ellen M., Christian, Ramona A., Ruley, Faye, Beadle, Dania, Graham, Princess, Novak, Richard M., Wendrow, Andrea, Smith, Renata, Young, Benjamin, Widick, Barbara, and Scott, Mia

Published
2015
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8. Factors associated with mortality among persistently viraemic triple-antiretroviral-class-experienced patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS)

Author

Palella, Frank J., Jr, Armon, Carl, Buchacz, Kate, Chmiel, Joan S., Novak, Richard M., DʼAquila, Richard T., Brooks, John T., Brooks, John T., Buchacz, Kate, Durham, Marcus D., Wood, Kathleen C., Hankerson, Darlene, Debes, Rachel, Subramanian, Thila, Akridge, Cheryl, Hayes, Harlan, Armon, Carl, Dean, Bonnie, Binkley, Jeff, Bozzette, Sam, Palella, Frank J., Chmiel, Joan S., Studney, Carolyn, Jahangir, Saira, Lichtenstein, Kenneth A., Stewart, Cheryl, Hammer, John, Greenberg, Kenneth S., Widick, Barbara, Franklin, Rosa, Yangco, Bienvenido G., Chagaris, Kalliope, Ward, Doug, Thomas, Troy, Neale, Fletcher, Fuhrer, Jack, Ording-Bauer, Linda, Kelly, Rita, Esteves, Jane, Tedaldi, Ellen M., Christian, Ramona A., Ruley, Faye, Beadle, Dania, Graham, Princess, Novak, Richard M., Wendrow, Andrea, Smith, Renata, Young, Benjamin, Widick, Barbara, and Scott, Mia

Published
2014
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9. Hepatitis A and B vaccination practices for ambulatory patients infected with HIV

Author

Tedaldi, Ellen M., Baker, Rose K., Moorman, Anne C., Wood, Kathleen C., Fuhrer, Jack, McCabe, Robert E., and Holmberg, Scott D.

Subjects
Hepatitis B -- Care and treatment, Hepatitis B -- Research, Hepatitis A -- Care and treatment, Hepatitis A -- Research, HIV infection -- Care and treatment, HIV infection -- Research, Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Health aspects, Health, Health care industry
Published
2004

10. Improved insulin sensitivity and body fat distribution in HIV-infected patients treated with rosiglitazone: a pilot study

Author

Gelato, Marie C., Mynarcik, Dennis C., Quick, Joyce L., Steigbigel, Roy T., Fuhrer, Jack, Brathwaite, Collin E. M., Brebbia, John S., Wax, Mark R., and McNurlan, Margaret A.

Subjects
Immunological research -- Statistics, Immunological research -- Analysis, HIV patients -- Health aspects, HIV patients -- Drug therapy, HIV infection -- Prevention, HIV infection -- Research, HIV infection -- Health aspects, Insulin -- Physiological aspects, Adipose tissues -- Physiological aspects, Rosiglitazone maleate -- Physiological aspects, Rosiglitazone maleate -- Usage, Thiazolidinediones -- Usage, Thiazolidinediones -- Physiological aspects, Drug resistance -- Research, Health
Abstract

Research has been conducted on the insulin-sensitizing drugs hiazolidinediones, including rosiglitazone which improve insulin sensitivity. The hypothesis that these drugs can help HIV-infected patients to improve insulin sensitivity and body fat distribution via increasing periferal fat has been tested and the results are reported.

Published
2002

11. Association of severe insulin resistance with both loss of limb fat and elevated serum tumor necrosis factor receptors levels in HIV lipodystrophy

Author

Mynarcik, Dennis C., McNurlan, Margaret A., Steigbigel, Roy T., Fuhrer, Jack, and Gelato, Marie C.

Subjects
Lipid metabolism disorders -- Research, Protease inhibitors -- Adverse and side effects, Insulin resistance -- Causes of, HIV patients -- Physiological aspects, Health
Abstract

The abnormalities in body fat distribution seen in HIV patients taking protease inhibitors seems to be caused by some type of inflammatory process. These patients also develop insulin resistance, but it appears to be different than the insulin resistance seen in diabetics and obese people.

Published
2000

12. Chlamydia and Gonorrhea Incidence and Testing Among Patients in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outpatient Study (HOPS), 2007−2017

Author

Li, Jun, primary, Armon, Carl, additional, Palella, Frank J, additional, Novak, Richard M, additional, Ward, Douglas, additional, Purinton, Stacey, additional, Durham, Marcus, additional, Buchacz, Kate, additional, Li, Jun, additional, Durham, Marcus D, additional, Akridge, Cheryl, additional, Rayeed, Nabil, additional, Agbobil-Nuwoaty, Selom, additional, Chagaris, Kalliope, additional, Carlson, Kimberly, additional, Battalora, Linda, additional, Mahnken, Jonathan, additional, Jahangir, Saira, additional, Flaherty, Conor Daniel, additional, Bustamante, Patricia, additional, Hammer, John, additional, Greenberg, Kenneth S, additional, Widick, Barbara, additional, Franklin, Rosa, additional, Ward, Douglas J, additional, Thomas, Troy, additional, Stewart, Cheryl, additional, Fuhrer, Jack, additional, Ording-Bauer, Linda, additional, Kelly, Rita, additional, Esteves, Jane, additional, Tedaldi, Ellen M, additional, Christian, Ramona A, additional, Ruley, Faye, additional, Beadle, Dania, additional, Davenport, Princess, additional, Wendrow, Andrea, additional, Mayer, Stockton, additional, Scott, Mia, additional, Thomas, Billie, additional, Van Slyke, Loraine, additional, Mayer, Cynthia, additional, Beitler, Terry, additional, Maroney, Karen, additional, and Franklin, Denise, additional

Published
2019
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13. Insulin-like growth factor system in patients with HIV infection: effect of exogenous growth hormone administration

Author

Mynarcik, Dennis C., Frost, Robert A., Lang, Charles H., DeCristofaro, Kim, McNurlan, Margaret A., Garlick, Peter J., Steigbigel, Roy T., Fuhrer, Jack, Ahnn, Sang, and Gelato, Marie C.

Subjects
Somatotropin -- Physiological aspects, Wasting syndrome -- Physiological aspects, HIV infection -- Care and treatment, Health
Abstract

Growth hormone increases blood levels of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in HIV patients. Growth hormone and IGF-I control body mass, and may therefore be beneficial in patients with AIDS wasting syndrome.

Published
1999

14. Successful treatment of invasive Aspergillus sinusitis with caspofungin and voriconazole

Author

Chirch, Lisa, Roche, Patricia, and Fuhrer, Jack

Subjects
Sinusitis -- Drug therapy -- Complications and side effects, Aspergillosis -- Complications and side effects -- Drug therapy, Caspofungin -- Dosage and administration -- Complications and side effects, Health
Abstract

Abstract Chronic invasive Aspergillus sinusitis is a rare andpotentially devastating infection. Management typically requires extensive surgical debridement followed by long-term antifungal therapy, primarily with intravenous amphotericin B. We describe the [...]

Published
2008

15. Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection

Author

Palella, Frank J., Jr., Delaney, Kathleen M., Moorman, Anne C., Loveless, Mark O., Fuhrer, Jack, Satten, Glen A., Aschman, Diane J., and Holmberg, Scott D.

Subjects
AIDS (Disease) -- Patient outcomes, Drug therapy, Combination -- Health aspects
Abstract

Declines in mortality rates in AIDS patients are probably a result of aggressive treatment with various drug combinations. Researchers analyzed mortality rates among 1,255 AIDS patients between 1994 and 1997. Death rates dropped from 29.4 per 100 person-years in 1995 to 8.8 per 100 person-years in 1997. The rates of certain opportunistic infections also dropped during this period. Combination drug therapy, especially when protease inhibitors were used, was associated with greater reductions in mortality.

Published
1998

16. Toxoplasmic encephalitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

Author

Luft, Benjamin J., Hafner, Richard, Korzun, Ann H., Leport, Catherine, Antoniskis, Diana, Bosler, Elizabeth M., Bourland, D. David, III, Uttamchandani, Raj, Fuhrer, Jack, Jacobson, Jeffrey, Morlat, Philippe, Vilde, Jean-Louis, and Remington, Jack S.

Subjects
AIDS (Disease) -- Complications, Toxoplasmosis -- Diagnosis, Encephalitis -- Diagnosis
Abstract

A combination of oral clindamycin and pyrimethamine may be effective against toxoplasmic encephalitis in AIDS patients. Toxoplasmic encephalitis is a brain infection caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. Forty-nine AIDS patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis were given 600 milligrams (mg) of oral clindamycin four times a day and 75 mg of pyrimethamine a day. Thirty-five patients responded to therapy with 30 showing improvement by day seven. Thirty-two patients improved to at least 50% of their baseline abnormalities within seven to 14 days of starting treatment. Headache and seizures also improved regardless of treatment outcome. Brain biopsy should be considered for patients who have neurologic deterioration despite treatment. It should also be considered for those who do not show improvement in mental status after 10 to 14 days of appropriate therapy.

Published
1993

17. Hepatitis C Virus Testing Among Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Have Sex With Men: Temporal Trends and Racial/Ethnic Disparities.

Author

Li, Jun, Armon, Carl, Palella, Frank J, Tedaldi, Ellen, Novak, Richard M, Fuhrer, Jack, Simoncini, Gina, Carlson, Kimberly, Buchacz, Kate, and Investigators, for the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS)

Subjects
HIV, HEPATITIS C virus, MEN who have sex with men, VIRAL load, GENERALIZED estimating equations
Abstract

Background National guidelines recommend that sexually active people with human immunodeficiency virus (PWH) who are men who have sex with men (MSM) be tested for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection at least annually. Hepatitis C virus testing rates vary by race/ethnicity in the general population, but limited data are available for PWH. Methods We analyzed medical records data from MSM in the HIV Outpatient Study at 9 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) clinics from January 1, 2011 through December 31, 2019. We excluded observation time after documented past or current HCV infection. We evaluated HCV antibody testing in each calendar year among HCV-seronegative MSM, and we assessed testing correlates by generalized estimating equation analyses. Results Of 1829 eligible MSM who were PWH, 1174 (64.2%) were non-Hispanic/Latino white (NHW), 402 (22.0%) non-Hispanic black (NHB), 187 (10.2%) Hispanic/Latino, and 66 (3.6%) of other race/ethnicity. Most were ≥40 years old (68.9%), privately insured (64.5%), with CD4 cell count/mm3 (CD4) ≥350 (77.0%), and with HIV viral load <200 copies/mL (76.9%). During 2011–2019, 1205 (65.9%) had ≥1 HCV antibody test and average annual HCV percentage tested was 30.3% (from 33.8% for NHB to 28.5% for NHW; P <.001). Multivariable factors positively associated (P <.05) with HCV testing included more recent HIV diagnosis, public insurance, lower CD4, prior chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, or hepatitis B virus diagnoses, and elevated liver enzyme levels, but not race/ethnicity. Conclusions Although we found no disparities by race/ethnicity in HCV testing, low overall HCV testing rates indicate suboptimal uptake of recommended HCV testing among MSM in HIV care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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21. In situ detection of PCR-amplified HIV-1 nucleic acids in lymph nodes and peripheral blood in patients with asymptomatic HIV-1 infection and advanced-stage AIDS

Author

Nuovo, Gerard J., Becker, Joanne, Burk, Martyn W., Margiotta, Michele, Fuhrer, Jack, and Steigbigel, Roy T.

Subjects
Nucleic acids -- Measurement, Polymerase chain reaction -- Usage, HIV infection -- Development and progression, Health
Abstract

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used to identify changes in T cell distribution in HIV-infected people. Lymph node biopsies were done on 12 HIV-infected people. Six had AIDS and six were asymptomatic. Biopsies were also done on six healthy people. All participants also donated blood samples. PCR was used to increase viral DNA and RNA in the tissue samples. HIV DNA was detected in all lymph node samples from HIV-infected people but not in the healthy people. When PCR was not used, only two samples tested positive for HIV DNA. Researchers also discovered changes in the proportion of different cell types in the lymph nodes as the disease progressed. For example, CD21+ dendritic cells were the predominant cell in the lymph nodes of asymptomatic HIV-infected people, but were seldom detected in the lymph nodes of the AIDS patients.

Published
1994

27. Emerging from the shadows: Trends in HIV ambulatory care, viral load testing, and viral suppression in a U.S. HIV cohort, 2019–2022: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic

Author

Tedaldi, Ellen, Hou, Qingjiang, Armon, Carl, Mahnken, Jonathan D, Palella F, Frank J, Simoncini, Gina, Fuhrer, Jack, Mayer, Cynthia, Ewing, Alexander, Chagaris, Kalliope, Carlson, Kimberly J, Li, Jun, and Buchacz, Kate

Abstract

This article aimed at analyzing the acute impact and the longer-term recovery of COVID-19 pandemic effects on clinical encounter types, HIV viral load (VL) testing, and suppression (HIV VL < 200 copies/mL). This study was a longitudinal cohort study of participants seen during 2019–2022 at nine HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) sites. Generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) estimated monthly rates of all encounters, office and telemedicine visits, and HIV VL tests using 2010–2022 data. We examined factors associated with nonsuppressed VL (VL ≥ 200 copies/mL) and not having ambulatory care visits during the pandemic using GLMM for logistic regression with 2017–2022 and 2019–2022 data, respectively. Of 2351 active participants, 76.0% were male, 57.6% aged ≥ 50 years, 40.7% non-Hispanic White, 38.2% non-Hispanic Black, 17.3% Hispanic/Latino, and 51.0% publicly insured. The monthly rates of in-person and telemedicine visits varied during 2020 through mid-year 2022. Multivariable logistic regression showed that persons with no encounters were more likely to be male or have VL ≥ 200 copies/mL. For participants with ≥1 VL test, the prevalence rate of HIV VL ≥ 200 copies/mL during 2020 was close to the rates from 2014 to 2019. The change in probability of viral suppression was not associated with participant’s age, sex, race/ethnicity, or insurance type. In the HOPS, overall patient encounters declined over 2 years during the pandemic with variations in telemedicine and in-person events, with relative maintenance of viral suppression. Ongoing recovery from the impact of COVID-19 on ambulatory care will require continued efforts to improve retention and patient access to medical services.

Published
2024
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28. The HIV Outpatient Study—25 Years of HIV Patient Care and Epidemiologic Research.

Author

Buchacz, Kate, Armon, Carl, Palella, Frank J, Novak, Richard M, Fuhrer, Jack, Tedaldi, Ellen, Ward, Douglas, Mayer, Cynthia, Battalora, Linda, Carlson, Kimberly, Purinton, Stacey, Durham, Marcus, Li, Jun, and Investigators, for the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS)

Subjects
HIV-positive persons, EPIDEMIOLOGISTS, CD4 lymphocyte count, NON-communicable diseases, HIV infections, CLINICAL epidemiology
Abstract

Background The clinical epidemiology of treated HIV infection in the United States has dramatically changed in the past 25 years. Few sources of longitudinal data exist for people with HIV (PWH) spanning that period. Cohort data enable investigating new exposure and disease associations and monitoring progress along the HIV care continuum. Methods We synthesized key published findings and conducted primary data analyses in the HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS), an open cohort of PWH seen at public and private HIV clinics since 1993. We assessed temporal trends in health outcomes (1993–2017) and mortality (1994–2017) for 10 566 HOPS participants. Results The HOPS contributed to characterizing new conditions (eg, lipodystrophy), demonstrated reduced mortality with earlier HIV treatment, uncovered associations between select antiretroviral agents and cardiovascular disease, and documented remarkable shifts in morbidity from AIDS opportunistic infections to chronic noncommunicable diseases. The median CD4 cell count of participants increased from 244 cells/mm3 to 640 cells/mm3 from 1993 to 2017. Mortality fell from 121 to 16 per 1000 person-years from 1994 to 2017 (P  < .001). In 2010, 83.7% of HOPS participants had a most recent HIV viral load <200 copies/mL, compared with 92.2% in 2017. Conclusions Since 1993, the HOPS has been detecting emerging issues and challenges in HIV disease management. HOPS data can also be used for monitoring trends in infectious and chronic diseases, immunologic and viral suppression status, retention in care, and survival, thereby informing progress toward the Ending the HIV Epidemic initiative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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29. Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Negative Microscopic Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Rural Peru

Author

Lamm, Ryan, primary, Rosales, Luis Angel, additional, Lescano, Andres G., additional, Smith, Edward, additional, Perez, Erika, additional, Alves, Clark, additional, Sanchez, Juan F., additional, Messina, Catherine, additional, Murphy, Meagan, additional, Valdivia, Hugo, additional, Ballard, Sarah-Blythe, additional, Perrotta, Grace, additional, and Fuhrer, Jack, additional

Published
2018
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33. Successful Treatment of Invasive AspergillusSinusitis with Caspofungin and Voriconazole

Author

Chirch, Lisa, Roche, Patricia, and Fuhrer, Jack

Abstract

Chronic invasiveAspergillus sinusitis is a rare and potentially devastating infection. Management typically requires extensive surgical debridement followed by long-term antifungal therapy, primarily with intravenous amphotericin B. We describe the case of an elderly woman who had been diagnosed with extensiveAspergillus sinusitis that had invaded critical structures. The extensiveness of the infection and the patient's frailty and unwillingness to undergo a disfiguring procedure precluded surgery, and her medical condition was too fragile to withstand amphotericin B therapy. Therefore, we decided to treat her with a combination of caspofungin and voriconazole, two relatively nontoxic antifungal agents that have different mechanisms of action. After administration of this novel regimen, the infection resolved rapidly.

Published
2008
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35. Cytomegalovirus colitis in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.

Author

DeRodriguez, Charisse V., Fuhrer, Jack, and Lake-Bakaar, Gerond

Subjects
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS diseases, HIV infections, AIDS-related complex, MEDICAL care, AIDS
Abstract

The spectrum of presentation of complications in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease is changing, in line with their improved survival. Infection of the colon with cytomegalovirus (CMV) is now more commonly encountered in clinical practice. We have reviewed the medical records of eleven patients with clinical and pathological evidence of CMV colitis. The clinical presentation, endoscopic and histological findings, and simultaneous infection of other organs with CMV are discussed. Diarrhoea in association with abdominal pain is the most frequent symptom complex in these patients and should raise the clinical index of suspicion for CMV colitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
1994

36. Luetic Cervical Adenitis in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection

Author

Heller, Howard, Fromowitz, Frank, and Fuhrer, Jack

Abstract

• The clinical course of syphilis may be altered in some patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. We report two cases of syphilis in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection who presented with marked unilateral anterior cervical adenopathy after engaging in oral-genital sex. Neither of the patients had evidence of oropharyngeal chancres. One patient developed a cutaneous rash of secondary syphilis soon after the cervical adenopathy developed. Both patients responded well to antibiotic therapy.(Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1992;118:757-758)

Published
1992
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38. Weight Gain and Metabolic Effects in Persons With HIV Who Switch to ART Regimens Containing Integrase Inhibitors or Tenofovir Alafenamide.

Author

Palella FJ, Hou Q, Li J, Mahnken J, Carlson KJ, Durham M, Ward D, Fuhrer J, Tedaldi E, Novak R, and Buchacz K

Subjects
Humans, Weight Gain, Integrase Inhibitors, HIV Infections drug therapy
Abstract

Background: The timing and magnitude of antiretroviral therapy-associated weight change attributions are unclear., Setting: HIV Outpatient Study participants., Methods: We analyzed 2007-2018 records of virally suppressed (VS) persons without integrase inhibitor (INSTI) experience who switched to either INSTI-based or another non-INSTI-based ART, and remained VS. We analyzed BMI changes using linear mixed models, INSTI- and tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) contributions to BMI change by linear mixed models-estimated slopes, and BMI inflection points., Results: Among 736 participants (5316 person-years), 441 (60%) switched to INSTI-based ART; the remainder to non-INSTI-based ART. The mean follow-up was 7.15 years for INSTI recipients and 7.35 years for non-INSTI. Preswitch, INSTI and non-INSTI groups had similar median BMI (26.3 versus 25.9 kg/m 2 , P = 0.41). INSTI regimens included raltegravir (178), elvitegravir (112), and dolutegravir (143). Monthly BMI increases postswitch were greater with INSTI than non-INSTI (0.0525 versus 0.006, P < 0.001). A BMI inflection point occurred 8 months after switch among INSTI users; slopes were similar regardless of TAF use immediately postswitch. Among INSTI + TAF users, during 8 months postswitch, 87% of BMI slope change was associated with INSTI use, 13% with TAF use; after 8 months, estimated contributions were 27% and 73%, respectively. For non-INSTI+TAF, 84% of BMI gain was TAF-associated consistently postswitch. Persons switching from TDF to TAF had greater BMI increases than others ( P < 0.001)., Conclusion: Among VS persons who switched ART, INSTI and TAF use were independently associated with BMI increases. During 8 months postswitch, BMI changes were greatest and most associated with INSTI use; afterward, gradual BMI gain was largely TAF-associated., Competing Interests: F.P. has been a consultant and/or on the Speakers' Bureau for Gilead Sciences, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Merck and Co., and ViiV. The remaining authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2023
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