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Background: The exact pathophysiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) is still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the concentration of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) in plasma in relation to the menstrual cycle and the severity of premenstrual symptoms in young Japanese women. Methods: The study included 21 healthy Japanese women 19-24 years of age. Fourteen women had no or mild PMS [PMS (-)], while five women had moderate to severe PMS and two women exhibited PMDD [PMS (+)]. The concentration of 8-OHdG in plasma was measured by means of high-performance liquid chromatography-electrochemical detector. The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale was used to evaluate the depressive tendency. Results: The concentration of 8-OHdG before menstruation was significantly higher than that after menstruation in total subjects ( p  = 0.04). In the PMS (+) group, the 8-OHdG concentration before menstruation was higher than that after menstruation ( p  = 0.02). Moreover, the PMS (+) group showed a higher 8-OHdG concentration compared with the PMS (-) group before menstruation ( p  < 0.01), as well as higher CES-D scores compared with the PMS (-) group both before and after menstruation ( p  < 0.01). Conclusions: These results suggested that the oxidation of DNA occurred before menstruation in PMS. The depression was associated with PMS symptoms both before and after menstruation in patients with PMS. Oxidation of DNA due to oxidative stress and depression in PMS patients may be involved in the pathogenesis of PMS. Clinical Trial Registration number 15-02-011., Competing Interests: No competing financial interests exist., (© Kaori Yama et al., 2021; Published by Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.)

Dietary cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) modulate various metabolic processes, particularly lipid metabolism. In this study, we observed that dietary COPs perturbed hepatic function, linoleic acid desaturation, and cholesterol catabolism in rats that were fed with diets containing 0.5% COPs for a short duration (7 days). The rats (age, 8 weeks) were fed American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-purified diets containing 0.5% cholesterol or 0.5% COPs for 7 days. The glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly high in rats fed with dietary COPs, but no such increase was observed in rats fed with dietary cholesterol, thereby indicating that dietary COPs may impair the hepatic function. The mRNA expression levels of Delta6 desaturase in the liver were significantly increased by dietary COPs, while these levels were significantly decreased by dietary cholesterol. However, the mRNA expression level of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) in the liver was significantly decreased by dietary COPs and significantly increased by dietary cholesterol. Therefore, dietary COPs may modulate lipid metabolic processes such as linoleic acid desaturation and cholesterol catabolism even when they are consumed for a short duration. Hence, processed animal foods containing COPs should be consumed with caution.