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429 results on '"Furlong, Paul"'

1. Mapping Interictal activity in epilepsy using a hidden Markov model: A magnetoencephalography study.

Author

Seedat, Zelekha, Rier, Lukas, Gascoyne, Lauren, Cook, Harry, Woolrich, Mark, Quinn, Andrew, Roberts, Timothy, Furlong, Paul, Armstrong, Caren, St Pier, Kelly, Mullinger, Karen, Marsh, Eric, Brookes, Matthew, and Gaetz, William

Subjects
epilepsy, hidden Markov model, interictal activity, magnetoencephalography, Humans, Child, Magnetoencephalography, Epilepsy, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Philadelphia, Brain Mapping, Electroencephalography
Abstract

Epilepsy is a highly heterogeneous neurological disorder with variable etiology, manifestation, and response to treatment. It is imperative that new models of epileptiform brain activity account for this variability, to identify individual needs and allow clinicians to curate personalized care. Here, we use a hidden Markov model (HMM) to create a unique statistical model of interictal brain activity for 10 pediatric patients. We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) data acquired as part of standard clinical care for patients at the Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia. These data are routinely analyzed using excess kurtosis mapping (EKM); however, as cases become more complex (extreme multifocal and/or polymorphic activity), they become harder to interpret with EKM. We assessed the performance of the HMM against EKM for three patient groups, with increasingly complicated presentation. The difference in localization of epileptogenic foci for the two methods was 7 ± 2 mm (mean ± SD over all 10 patients); and 94% ± 13% of EKM temporal markers were matched by an HMM state visit. The HMM localizes epileptogenic areas (in agreement with EKM) and provides additional information about the relationship between those areas. A key advantage over current methods is that the HMM is a data-driven model, so the output is tuned to each individual. Finally, the model output is intuitive, allowing a user (clinician) to review the result and manually select the HMM epileptiform state, offering multiple advantages over previous methods and allowing for broader implementation of MEG epileptiform analysis in surgical decision-making for patients with intractable epilepsy.

Published
2023

4. Clinical effectiveness of subsensory sacral neuromodulation in adults with faecal incontinence: the SUBSoNIC crossover RCT and mechanistic study.

Author

Vollebregt, Paul F, Goh, Yan Li, Chan, Claire L, Dudding, Thomas, Furlong, Paul, Hamdy, Shaheen, Haviland, Joanne, Hooper, Richard, Jones, James, McAlees, Eleanor, Norton, Christine, O'Connell, P Ronan, Scott, S Mark, Stevens, Natasha, Tubby, Kerry, Worthen, Sian, Wong, Yuk Lam, and Knowles, Charles H

Published
2024
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10. Functional localisation of human sensory-motor cortex using magnetoencephalography

Author

Furlong, Paul L.

Subjects
610.28
Abstract

The 19 channel Neuromagnetometer system in the Clinical Neurophysiology Unit at Aston University is a multi-channel system, unique in the United Kingdom. A bite bar head localisation and MRI co-registration strategy which enabled accurate and reproducible localisation of MEG data into cortical space was developed. This afforded the opportunity to study magnetic fields of the human cortex generated by stimulation of peripheral nerve, by stimulation of visceral sensory receptors and by those evoked through voluntary finger movement. Initially, a study of sensory-motor evoked data was performed in a healthy control population. The techniques developed were then applied to patients who were to undergo neurosurgical intervention for the treatment of epilepsy and I or space occupying lesions. This enabled both validation of the effective accuracy of source localisation using MEG as well as to determine the clinical value of MEG in presurgical assessment of functional localisation in human cortex. The studies in this thesis have demonstrated that MEG can repeatedly and reliably locate sources contained within a single gyrus and thus potentially differentiate between disparate gyral activation. This ability is critical in the clinical application of any functional imaging technique; which is yet to be fully validated by any other 'non-invasive' functional imaging methodology. The technique was also applied to the study of visceral sensory representation in the cortex which yielded important data about the multiple cortical representation of visceral sensory function.

Published
1998
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11. Mapping Interictal activity in epilepsy using a hidden Markov model: A magnetoencephalography study

Author

Seedat, Zelekha A., Rier, Lukas, Gascoyne, Lauren E., Cook, Harry, Woolrich, Mark W., Quinn, Andrew J., Roberts, Timothy P. L., Furlong, Paul L., Armstrong, Caren, St. Pier, Kelly, Mullinger, Karen J., Marsh, Eric D., Brookes, Matthew J., Gaetz, William, Seedat, Zelekha A., Rier, Lukas, Gascoyne, Lauren E., Cook, Harry, Woolrich, Mark W., Quinn, Andrew J., Roberts, Timothy P. L., Furlong, Paul L., Armstrong, Caren, St. Pier, Kelly, Mullinger, Karen J., Marsh, Eric D., Brookes, Matthew J., and Gaetz, William

Abstract

Epilepsy is a highly heterogeneous neurological disorder with variable etiology, manifestation, and response to treatment. It is imperative that new models of epileptiform brain activity account for this variability, to identify individual needs and allow clinicians to curate personalized care. Here, we use a hidden Markov model (HMM) to create a unique statistical model of interictal brain activity for 10 pediatric patients. We use magnetoencephalography (MEG) data acquired as part of standard clinical care for patients at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. These data are routinely analyzed using excess kurtosis mapping (EKM); however, as cases become more complex (extreme multifocal and/or polymorphic activity), they become harder to interpret with EKM. We assessed the performance of the HMM against EKM for three patient groups, with increasingly complicated presentation. The difference in localization of epileptogenic foci for the two methods was 7 ± 2 mm (mean ± SD over all 10 patients); and 94% ± 13% of EKM temporal markers were matched by an HMM state visit. The HMM localizes epileptogenic areas (in agreement with EKM) and provides additional information about the relationship between those areas. A key advantage over current methods is that the HMM is a data-driven model, so the output is tuned to each individual. Finally, the model output is intuitive, allowing a user (clinician) to review the result and manually select the HMM epileptiform state, offering multiple advantages over previous methods and allowing for broader implementation of MEG epileptiform analysis in surgical decision-making for patients with intractable epilepsy.

Published
2023

13. Pediatric CNS Pathophysiology

Author

Stephen, Julia M., Braeutigam, Sven, Furlong, Paul L., Ribary, Urs, Roberts, Timothy P. L., Virji-Babul, Nazin, Magjarevic, Ratko, editor, Supek, Selma, editor, and Sušac, Ana, editor

Published
2010
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17. MEG and Complex Systems

Author

Barnes, Gareth R., Simpson, Michael I. G., Hillebrand, Arjan, Hadjipapas, Avgis, Witton, Caroline, Furlong, Paul L., Wu, Jing Long, editor, Ito, Koji, editor, Tobimatsu, Shozo, editor, Nishida, Toyoaki, editor, and Fukuyama, Hidenao, editor

Published
2007
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19. Mapping Interictal activity in epilepsy using a hidden Markov model: A magnetoencephalography study

Author

Seedat, Zelekha A., primary, Rier, Lukas, additional, Gascoyne, Lauren E., additional, Cook, Harry, additional, Woolrich, Mark W., additional, Quinn, Andrew J., additional, Roberts, Timothy P. L., additional, Furlong, Paul L., additional, Armstrong, Caren, additional, St. Pier, Kelly, additional, Mullinger, Karen J., additional, Marsh, Eric D., additional, Brookes, Matthew J., additional, and Gaetz, William, additional

Published
2022
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20. Psychophysiological responses to pain identify reproducible human clusters

Author

Farmer, Adam D., Coen, Steven J., Kano, Michiko, Paine, Peter A., Shwahdi, Mustafa, Jafari, Jafar, Kishor, Jessin, Worthen, Sian F., Rossiter, Holly E., Kumari, Veena, Williams, Steven C.R., Brammer, Michael, Giampietro, Vincent P., Droney, Joanne, Riley, Julia, Furlong, Paul L., Knowles, Charles H., Lightman, Stafford L., and Aziz, Qasim

Published
2013
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23. 483 EFFECT OF SUB-SENSORY SACRAL NEUROMODULATION ON FAECAL INCONTINENCE IN ADULTS: A RANDOMISED CROSSOVER TRIAL WITH COHORT FOLLOW-UP AND MECHANISTIC SUB-STUDY

Author

Vollebregt, Paul, Goh, Yan Li, Chan, Claire, Dudding, Tom, Furlong, Paul L., Hamdy, Shaheen, Haviland, Joanne, Hooper, Richard, Jones, James, Mcalees, Eleanor, Norton, Christine, O'Connell, Ronan, Scott, S. Mark, Stevens, Natasha J., Tubby, Kerry, Worthen, Sian, Wong, Yuk Lam, and Knowles, Charles

Published
2024
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30. Cortical processing of human gut sensation: an evoked potential study

Author

Hobday, David I., Hobson, Anthony R., Sarkar, Sanchoy, Furlong, Paul L., Thompson, David G., and Aziz, Qasim

Subjects
Rectum -- Physiological aspects, Senses and sensation -- Research, Evoked potentials (Electrophysiology) -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

The rectum has a unique physiological role as a sensory organ and differs in its afferent innervation from other gut organs that do not normally mediate conscious sensation. We compared the central processing of human esophageal, duodenal, and rectal sensation using cortical evoked potentials (CEP) in 10 healthy volunteers (age range 21-34 yr). Esophageal and duodenal CEP had similar morphology in all subjects, whereas rectal CEP had two different but reproducible morphologies. The rectal CEP latency to the first component P1 (69 ms) was shorter than both duodenal (123 ms; P = 0.008) and esophageal CEP latencies (106 ms; P = 0.004). The duodenal CEP amplitude of the P1-N1 component (5.0 [mu] V) was smaller than that of the corresponding esophageal component (5.7 [mu] V; P = 0.04) but similar to that of the corresponding rectal component (6.5 [mu] V; P = 0.25). This suggests that rectal sensation is either mediated by faster-conducting afferent pathways or that there is a difference in the orientation or volume of cortical neurons representing the different gut organs. In conclusion, the physiological and anatomic differences between gut organs are reflected in differences in the characteristics of their afferent pathways and cortical processing. cortical evoked potentials; duodenum; esophagus; rectum; sensation

Published
2002

39. Upper and lower limb motor axons demonstrate differential excitability and accommodation to strong hyperpolarizing currents during induced hyperthermia

Author

Marmoy, Oliver Rajesh, Furlong, Paul Lawrence, and Moore, Christopher E G

Abstract

Length-dependent peripheral neuropathy typically involves the insidious onset of sensory loss in the lower limbs before later progressing proximally. Recent evidence proposes hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels as dysfunctional in rodent models of peripheral neuropathy, and therefore differential expression of HCN channels in the lower limbs was hypothesized as a pathophysiological mechanism accounting for the pattern of symptomatology within this study. We studied six healthy participants, using motor axon excitability including strong and long [-70% and -100% hyperpolarizing threshold electrotonus (TEh)] hyperpolarizing currents to preferably study HCN channel function from the median and tibial nerves from high (40%) and low (20%) threshold. This was recorded at normothermia (~32°C) and then repeated during hyperthermia (~40°C) as an artificial hyperpolarizing axon stress. Significant differences between recovery cycle, superexcitability, accommodation to small depolarizing currents, and alterations in late stages of the inward-rectifying currents of strongest (-70% and -100% TEh) currents were observed in the lower limbs during hyperthermia. We demonstrate differences in late IH current flow, which implies higher expression of HCN channel isoforms. The findings also indicate their potential inference in the symptomatology of length-dependent peripheral neuropathies and may be a unique target for minimizing symptomatology and pathogenesis in acquired disease. NEW & NOTEWORTHY This study demonstrates nerve excitability differences between the upper and lower limbs during hyperthermia, an experimentally induced axonal stress. The findings indicate that there is differential expression of slow hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channel isoforms between the upper and lower limbs, which was demonstrated through strong, long hyperpolarizing currents during hyperthermia. Such mechanisms may underlie postural control but render the lower limbs susceptible to dysfunction in disease states.

Published
2019

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