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1. Fungal Planet 322 – 10 June 2015

Author

Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Guarro, J., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Sutton, D.A., Acharya, K., Barber, P.A., Boekhout, T., Dimitrov, R.A., Dueñas, M., Dutta, A.K, Gené, J., Gouliamova, D.E., Groenewald, M., Lombard, L., Morozova, O.V., Sarkar, J., Smith, M.Th., Stchigel, A.M., Wiederhold, N.P., Alexandrova, A.V., Antelmi, I., Armengol, J., Barnes, I., Cano-Lira, J.F., Castañeda Ruiz, R.F., Contu, M., Courtecuisse, Pr.R., da Silveira, A.L., Decock, C.A., de Goes, A., Edathodu, J., Ercole, E., Firmino, A.C., Fourie, A., Fournier, J., Furtado, E.L., Geering, A.D.W., Gershenzon, J., Giraldo, A., Gramaje, D., Hammerbacher, A., He, X.-L., Haryadi, D., Khemmuk, W., Kovalenko, A.E., Krawczynski, R., Laich, F., Lechat, C., Lopes, U.P., Madrid, H., Malysheva, E.F., Marín-Felix, Y., Martín, M.P., Mostert, L., Nigro, F., Pereira, O.L., Picillo, B., Pinho, D.B., Popov, E.S., Rodas Peláez, C.A., Rooney-Latham, S., Sandoval-Denis, M., Shivas, R.G., Silva, V., Stoilova-Disheva, M.M., Telleria, M.T., Ullah, C., Unsicker, S.B., van der Merwe, N.A., Vizzini, A., Wagner, H.-G., Wong, P.T.W., Wood, A.R., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, Pedro W., Groenewald, Johannes Z., Lombard, Lorenzo, Wingfield, Michael J., Hernández-Restrepo, Margarita, Barber, Paul A., Decock, Cony A., Wagner, Hans-Georg, Krawczynski, René, Rodas Peláez, Carlos Alberto, Wood, Alan R., Haryadi, Dedek, van der Merwe, N. Albe, Rooney-Latham, Suzanne, Nigro, Franco, Antelmi, Ilaria, Stchigel, Alberto M., Laich, Federico, Vizzini, Alfredo, Ercole, Enrico, Picillo, Bernardo, Contu, Marco, Sarkar, Jit, Dutta, Arun Kumar, Acharya, Krishnendu, Madrid, Hugo, Silva, Victor, Edathodu, Jameela, Sutton, Deanna, Pinho, Danilo B., Lopes, Ueder P., Pereira, Olinto L., da Silveira, Amanda L., de Goes, Antônio, Sandoval-Denis, Marcelo, Gené, Josepa, Guarro, Josep, Ruiz, Rafael F. Castañeda, Sutton, Deanna A., Wiederhold, Nathan P., Wong, Percy T.W., Khemmuk, Wanporn, Geering, Andrew D.W., Shivas, Roger G., Gramaje, David, Mostert, Lizel, Armengol, Josep, Morozova, Olga V., Popov, Eugene S., Alexandrova, Alina V., He, Xiao-Lan, Malysheva, Ekaterina F., Kovalenko, Alexander E., Martín, María P., Dueñas, Margarita, Telleria, M. Teresa, Giraldo, Alejandra, Lechat, Christian, Fournier, Jacques, Courtecuisse, Pr. Régis, Gouliamova, Dilnora E., Stoilova-Disheva, Margarita M., Dimitrov, Roumen A., Smith, Maudy Th., Groenewald, Marizeth, Boekhout, Teun, Marín-Felix, Yasmina, Cano-Lira, José F., Ullah, Chhana, Hammerbacher, Almuth, Unsicker, Sybille B., Gershenzon, Jonathan, Fourie, Arista, Barnes, Irene, Firmino, Ana Carolina, and Furtado, Edson L.

Subjects
LSU, Fungal Planet description sheets, novel fungal species, ITS DNA barcodes, systematics, Research Article
Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoë othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.) from Clivia sp. (South Africa), Neodevriesia pakbiae, Phaeophleospora hymenocallidis and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola on leaves of a fern (Thailand), Melanconium elaeidicola from Elaeis guineensis (Indonesia), Hormonema viticola from Vitis vinifera (Canary Islands), Chlorophyllum pseudoglobossum from a grassland (India), Triadelphia disseminata from an immunocompromised patient (Saudi Arabia), Colletotrichum abscissum from Citrus (Brazil), Polyschema sclerotigenum and Phialemonium limoniforme from human patients (USA), Cadophora vitícola from Vitis vinifera (Spain), Entoloma flavovelutinum and Bolbitius aurantiorugosus from soil (Vietnam), Rhizopogon granuloflavus from soil (Cape Verde Islands), Tulasnella eremophila from Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus (Morocco), Verrucostoma martinicensis from Danaea elliptica (French West Indies), Metschnikowia colchici from Colchicum autumnale (Bulgaria), Thelebolus microcarpus from soil (Argentina) and Ceratocystis adelpha from Theobroma cacao (Ecuador). Myrmecridium iridis (Myrmecridiales ord. nov., Myrmecridiaceae fam. nov.) is also described from Iris sp. (The Netherlands). Novel genera include (Ascomycetes): Budhanggurabania from Cynodon dactylon (Australia), Soloacrosporiella, Xenocamarosporium, Neostrelitziana and Castanediella from Acacia mangium and Sabahriopsis from Eucalyptus brassiana (Malaysia), Readerielliopsis from basidiomata of Fuscoporia wahlbergii (French Guyana), Neoplatysporoides from Aloe ferox (Tanzania), Wojnowiciella, Chrysofolia and Neoeriomycopsis from Eucalyptus (Colombia), Neophaeomoniella from Eucalyptus globulus (USA), Pseudophaeomoniella from Olea europaea (Italy), Paraphaeomoniella from Encephalartos altensteinii, Aequabiliella, Celerioriella and Minutiella from Prunus (South Africa). Tephrocybella (Basidiomycetes) represents a novel genus from wood (Italy). Morphological and culture characteristics along with ITS DNA barcodes are provided for all taxa.

Published
2015

2. Fungal Planet description sheets: 320–370

Author

Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Guarro, J., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Sutton, D.A., Acharya, K., Barber, P.A., Boekhout, T., Dimitrov, R.A., Dueñas, M., Dutta, A.K., Gené, J., Gouliamova, D.E., Groenewald, M., Lombard, L., Morozova, O.V., Sarkar, J., Smith, M.TH., Stchigel, A.M., Wiederhold, N.P., Alexandrova, A.V., Antelmi, I., Armengol, J., Barnes, I., Cano-Lira, J.F., Ruiz, R.F.C., Contu, M., Courtecuisse, Pr.R., da Silveira, A.L., Decock, C.A., de Goes, A., Edathodu, J., Ercole, E., Firmino, A.C., Fourie, A., Fournier, J., Furtado, E.L., Geering, A.D.W., Gershenzon, J., Giraldo, A., Gramaje, D., Hammerbacher, A., He, X.-L., Haryadi, D., Khemmuk, W., Kovalenko, A.E., Krawczynski, R., Laich, F., Lechat, C., Lopes, U.P., Madrid, H., Malysheva, E.F., Marín-Felix, Y., Martín, M.P., Mostert, L., Nigro, F., Pereira, O.L., Picillo, B., Pinho, D.B., Popov, E.S., Peláez, C.A.R., Rooney-Latham, S., Sandoval-Denis, M., Shivas, R.G., Silva, V., Stoilova-Disheva, M.M., Telleria, M.T., Ullah, C., Unsicker, S.B., van der Merwe, N.A., Vizzini, A., Wagner, H-G., Wong, P.T.W., Wood, A.R., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W., Wingfield, M.J., Guarro, J., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Sutton, D.A., Acharya, K., Barber, P.A., Boekhout, T., Dimitrov, R.A., Dueñas, M., Dutta, A.K., Gené, J., Gouliamova, D.E., Groenewald, M., Lombard, L., Morozova, O.V., Sarkar, J., Smith, M.TH., Stchigel, A.M., Wiederhold, N.P., Alexandrova, A.V., Antelmi, I., Armengol, J., Barnes, I., Cano-Lira, J.F., Ruiz, R.F.C., Contu, M., Courtecuisse, Pr.R., da Silveira, A.L., Decock, C.A., de Goes, A., Edathodu, J., Ercole, E., Firmino, A.C., Fourie, A., Fournier, J., Furtado, E.L., Geering, A.D.W., Gershenzon, J., Giraldo, A., Gramaje, D., Hammerbacher, A., He, X.-L., Haryadi, D., Khemmuk, W., Kovalenko, A.E., Krawczynski, R., Laich, F., Lechat, C., Lopes, U.P., Madrid, H., Malysheva, E.F., Marín-Felix, Y., Martín, M.P., Mostert, L., Nigro, F., Pereira, O.L., Picillo, B., Pinho, D.B., Popov, E.S., Peláez, C.A.R., Rooney-Latham, S., Sandoval-Denis, M., Shivas, R.G., Silva, V., Stoilova-Disheva, M.M., Telleria, M.T., Ullah, C., Unsicker, S.B., van der Merwe, N.A., Vizzini, A., Wagner, H-G., Wong, P.T.W., Wood, A.R., and Groenewald, J.Z.

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoë othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.) from Clivia sp. (South Africa), Neodevriesia pakbiae, Phaeophleospora hymenocallidis and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola on leaves of a fern (Thailand), Melanconium elaeidicola from Elaeis guineensis (Indonesia), Hormonema viticola from Vitis vinifera (Canary Islands), Chlorophyllum pseudoglobossum from a grassland (India), Triadelphia disseminata from an immunocompromised patient (Saudi Arabia), Colletotrichum abscissum from Citrus (Brazil), Polyschema sclerotigenum and Phialemonium limoniforme from human patients (USA), Cadophora vitícola from Vitis vinifera (Spain), Entoloma flavovelutinum and Bolbitius aurantiorugosus from soil (Vietnam), Rhizopogon granuloflavus from soil (Cape Verde Islands), Tulasnella eremophila from Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus (Morocco), Verrucostoma martinicensis from Danaea elliptica (French West Indies), Metschnikowia colchici from Colchicum autumnale (Bulgaria), Thelebolus microcarpus from soil (Argentina) and Ceratocystis adelpha from Theobroma cacao (Ecuador). Myrmecridium iridis (Myrmecridiales ord. nov., Myrmecridiaceae fam. nov.) is also desc

Published
2015

3. Fungal Planet description sheets: 320–370

Author

Crous, P.W. (Pedro Willem), Wingfield, M.J., Guarro, J., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Sutton, D.A., Acharya, K., Barber, P.A., Boekhout, T. (Teun), Dimitrov, R.A., Dueñas, M., Dutta, A.K., Gené, J., Gouliamova, D.E., Groenewald, M., Lombard, L., Morozova, O.V., Sarkar, J., Smith, M.Th., Stchigel, A.M., Wiederhold, N.P., Alexandrova, A.V., Antelmi, I., Armengol, J., Barnes, I., Cano-Lira, J.F., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Contu, M., Courtecuisse, R. (Régis), da Silveira, A.L., Decock, C.A., Goes, A. de, Edathodu, J., Ercole, E., Firmino, A.C., Fourie, A., Fournier, J., Furtado, E.L., Geering, A.D.W., Gershenzon, J., Giraldo, A., Gramaje, D., Hammerbacher, A., He, X.-L., Haryadi, D., Khemmuk, W., Kovalenko, A.E., Krawczynski, R., Laich, F., Lechat, C., Lopes, U.P., Madrid, H., Malysheva, E.F., Marín-Felix, Y., Martín, M.P., Mostert, L., Nigro, F., Pereira, O.L., Picillo, B., Pinho, D.B., Popov, E.S., Rodas Peláez, C.A., Rooney-Latham, S., Sandoval-Denis, M., Shivas, R.G., Silva, V., Stoilova-Disheva, M.M., Telleria, M.T., Ullah, C., Unsicker, S.B., Merwe, N.A. van der, Vizzini, A., Wagner, H.-G., Wong, P.T.W., Wood, A.R., Groenewald, J.Z., Crous, P.W. (Pedro Willem), Wingfield, M.J., Guarro, J., Hernández-Restrepo, M., Sutton, D.A., Acharya, K., Barber, P.A., Boekhout, T. (Teun), Dimitrov, R.A., Dueñas, M., Dutta, A.K., Gené, J., Gouliamova, D.E., Groenewald, M., Lombard, L., Morozova, O.V., Sarkar, J., Smith, M.Th., Stchigel, A.M., Wiederhold, N.P., Alexandrova, A.V., Antelmi, I., Armengol, J., Barnes, I., Cano-Lira, J.F., Castañeda-Ruiz, R.F., Contu, M., Courtecuisse, R. (Régis), da Silveira, A.L., Decock, C.A., Goes, A. de, Edathodu, J., Ercole, E., Firmino, A.C., Fourie, A., Fournier, J., Furtado, E.L., Geering, A.D.W., Gershenzon, J., Giraldo, A., Gramaje, D., Hammerbacher, A., He, X.-L., Haryadi, D., Khemmuk, W., Kovalenko, A.E., Krawczynski, R., Laich, F., Lechat, C., Lopes, U.P., Madrid, H., Malysheva, E.F., Marín-Felix, Y., Martín, M.P., Mostert, L., Nigro, F., Pereira, O.L., Picillo, B., Pinho, D.B., Popov, E.S., Rodas Peláez, C.A., Rooney-Latham, S., Sandoval-Denis, M., Shivas, R.G., Silva, V., Stoilova-Disheva, M.M., Telleria, M.T., Ullah, C., Unsicker, S.B., Merwe, N.A. van der, Vizzini, A., Wagner, H.-G., Wong, P.T.W., Wood, A.R., and Groenewald, J.Z.

Abstract

Novel species of fungi described in the present study include the following from Malaysia: Castanediella eucalypti from Eucalyptus pellita, Codinaea acacia from Acacia mangium, Emarcea eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana, Myrtapenidiella eucalyptorum from Eucalyptus pellita, Pilidiella eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus brassiana and Strelitziana malaysiana from Acacia mangium. Furthermore, Stachybotrys sansevieriicola is described from Sansevieria ehrenbergii (Tanzania), Phacidium grevilleae from Grevillea robusta (Uganda), Graphium jumulu from Adansonia gregorii and Ophiostoma eucalyptigena from Eucalyptus marginata (Australia), Pleurophoma ossicola from bone and Plectosphaerella populi from Populus nigra (Germany), Colletotrichum neosansevieriae from Sansevieria trifasciata, Elsinoë othonnae from Othonna quinquedentata and Zeloasperisporium cliviae (Zeloasperisporiaceae fam. nov.) from Clivia sp. (South Africa), Neodevriesia pakbiae, Phaeophleospora hymenocallidis and Phaeophleospora hymenocallidicola on leaves of a fern (Thailand), Melanconium elaeidicola from Elaeis guineensis (Indonesia), Hormonema viticola from Vitis vinifera (Canary Islands), Chlorophyllum pseudoglobossum from a grassland (India), Triadelphia disseminata from an immunocompromised patient (Saudi Arabia), Colletotrichum abscissum from Citrus (Brazil), Polyschema sclerotigenum and Phialemonium limoniforme from human patients (USA), Cadophora vitícola from Vitis vinifera (Spain), Entoloma flavovelutinum and Bolbitius aurantiorugosus from soil (Vietnam), Rhizopogon granuloflavus from soil (Cape Verde Islands), Tulasnella eremophila from Euphorbia officinarum subsp. echinus (Morocco), Verrucostoma martinicensis from Danaea elliptica (French West Indies), Metschnikowia colchici from Colchicum autumnale (Bulgaria), Thelebolus microcarpus from soil (Argentina) and Ceratocystis adelpha from Theobroma cacao (Ecuador). Myrmecridium iridis (Myrmecridiales ord. nov., Myrmecridiaceae fam. nov.) is also desc

Published
2015

4. Seleção de isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos para o controle de Leptopharsa heveae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera, Tingidae)

Author

Silva, E.A.R., Batista Filho, A., Wenzel, I.M., Furtado, E.L., and Almeida, J.E.M.

Subjects
produção total, pathogenic efficiency, Controle microbiano, production, seringueira, rubber tree lacebug, eficiência patogênica, Microbial control, rubber tree, percevejo de renda
Abstract

Foram analisados vinte e sete isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos procedentes de diversos hospedeiros e regiões. A produção de conídios dos patógenos foi efetuada em placas de Petri contendo meio de cultura BDA. Insetos de terceiro instar de Leptopharsa heveae foram inoculados com uma suspensão fúngica na concentração de 1 x 10(9) conídios/mL. Avaliações de mortalidade confirmada foram efetuadas a cada dois dias e evidenciaram grande variação de virulência, sendo o isolado 1.189, de Metarhizium anisopliae, o mais virulento. Os cinco melhores isolados, mais os dois tidos como padrão por empresas do setor de heveicultura, foram então submetidos aos testes de produção. Para tanto, pré-matrizes em placas de Petri contendo meio de cultura BDA foram preparadas. A partir destas placas, matrizes contendo arroz como meio de cultura foram inoculadas com suspensão de conídios originária das pré-matrizes na concentração de 5 x 10(7) conídios/mL. Concluído o desenvolvimento dos patógenos nas matrizes, sacos de polipropileno contendo canjica de milho como meio de cultura foram inoculados com 40 mL da suspensão obtida a partir das matrizes. Após 15 dias de incubação, o conteúdo das sacolas foi avaliado quanto à produção e viabilidade de conídios. O isolado 1200, de Isaria fumosorosea, apresentou os melhores resultados de rendimento total e taxa de viabilidade e o isolado E9 de Metarhizium anisopliae foi o mais virulento ao percevejo de renda. Twenty-seven strains of entomopathogenic fungi from diverse hosts and geographic regions were tested for their virulence, total conidia production and viability rate. The conidia production was made in PDA medium. Leptopharsa heveae third instar nymphs were inoculated with fungi suspension at the concentration of 1 x 10(9) conidia/mL. In each two days, confirmed mortality evaluations were done and a large variation of virulence was observed, been 1,189, of Metarhizium anisopliae, the best one. The top five strains, plus the two standards, were then submitted to production tests. For this purpose, pre-matrices in PDA medium were prepared, from which matrices in rice medium were after inoculated at the concentration of 5 x 10(7) conidia/mL. From the rice matrices, polypropylene bags with maize medium were inoculated with 40 mL of these suspensions. After fifteen days of incubation, the bags content were evaluated for total conidia production and their viability. The 1200 strain, of Isaria fumosorosea, presented the best results in total yield and viability rate; to E9 strain of de Metarhizium anisopliae was more virulent to rubber tree lacebug.

Published
2012

5. Fungal Planet description sheets: 320–370

Author

Crous, P.W., primary, Wingfield, M.J., additional, Guarro, J., additional, Hernández-Restrepo, M., additional, Sutton, D.A., additional, Acharya, K., additional, Barber, P.A., additional, Boekhout, T., additional, Dimitrov, R.A., additional, Dueñas, M., additional, Dutta, A.K., additional, Gené, J., additional, Gouliamova, D.E., additional, Groenewald, M., additional, Lombard, L., additional, Morozova, O.V., additional, Sarkar, J., additional, Smith, M.TH., additional, Stchigel, A.M., additional, Wiederhold, N.P., additional, Alexandrova, A.V., additional, Antelmi, I., additional, Armengol, J., additional, Barnes, I., additional, Cano-Lira, J.F., additional, Ruiz, R.F. Castañeda, additional, Contu, M., additional, Courtecuisse, Pr.R., additional, da Silveira, A.L., additional, Decock, C.A., additional, de Goes, A., additional, Edathodu, J., additional, Ercole, E., additional, Firmino, A.C., additional, Fourie, A., additional, Fournier, J., additional, Furtado, E.L., additional, Geering, A.D.W., additional, Gershenzon, J., additional, Giraldo, A., additional, Gramaje, D., additional, Hammerbacher, A., additional, He, X.-L., additional, Haryadi, D., additional, Khemmuk, W., additional, Kovalenko, A.E., additional, Krawczynski, R., additional, Laich, F., additional, Lechat, C., additional, Lopes, U.P., additional, Madrid, H., additional, Malysheva, E.F., additional, Marín-Felix, Y., additional, Martín, M.P., additional, Mostert, L., additional, Nigro, F., additional, Pereira, O.L., additional, Picillo, B., additional, Pinho, D.B., additional, Popov, E.S., additional, Peláez, C.A. Rodas, additional, Rooney-Latham, S., additional, Sandoval-Denis, M., additional, Shivas, R.G., additional, Silva, V., additional, Stoilova-Disheva, M.M., additional, Telleria, M.T., additional, Ullah, C., additional, Unsicker, S.B., additional, van der Merwe, N.A., additional, Vizzini, A., additional, Wagner, H.-G., additional, Wong, P.T.W., additional, Wood, A.R., additional, and Groenewald, J.Z., additional

Published
2015
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12. Evaluation of Systems for Timing of Fungicide Sprays for Control of Postbloom Fruit Drop of Citrus in Brazil.

Author

Peres, N.A.R., Souza, N.L., Furtado, E.L., and Timmer, L.W.

Subjects
*CITRUS fruits, *COLLETOTRICHUM, *CITRUS, *PLANT diseases, *APPLICATION of pesticides, *FUNGICIDES
Abstract

Postbloom fruit drop (PFD) of citrus, caused by Colletotrichum acutatum, infects petals of citrus flowers and produces orange-brown lesions that induce the abscission of young fruitlets and the retention of calyces. Proper timing of fungicide applications is essential for good disease control. Different systems for timing of fungicide applications for control of PFD in a major citrus growing region in southern São Paulo state in Brazil were evaluated from 1999 to 2002. The following programs were compared to an unsprayed control using counts of diseased flowers, persistent calyces, or fruit: (i) a phenology-based program currently recommended in Brazil with one application at early and another at peak bloom; (ii) the Florida PFD model; (iii) the postbloom fruit drop-fungicide application decision system (PFD-FAD), a new computer-assisted decision method; and (iv) grower's choice. In 1999, no disease developed, sprays applied with the phenology-based program had no effect, and the Florida PFD model saved two sprays compared with the phenology-based program. In 2000, PFD was moderate and the phenology-based and growers' choice treatments had a significantly lower number of persistent calyces and higher fruit numbers than the control, but no differences were found between those treatments and the PFD model. In 2001, PFD was severe with considerable yield loss. The PFD model, the phenology-based program, and the grower's choice reduced flower blight and the number of persistent calyces, and improved fruit yields with two to three applications, but the PFD-FAD achieved comparable yields with only one spray. In 2002, the disease was mild, with no yield loss, and the Florida PFD model and the PFD-FAD saved one spray compared with the other systems. The PFD model and the PFD-FAD were equally effective for timing fungicide applications to control PFD in Brazil. Scouting of trees is simpler with PFD-FAD; therefore, this system is recommended and should eliminate unnecessary sprays and reduce costs for growers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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