Search

Alcohol is part of the usual diet of millions of individuals worldwide. However, not all individuals who drink alcohol experience the same effects, nor will everyone develop an alcohol use disorder. Here we propose that the intestinal microbiota (IMB) helps explain the different consumption patterns of alcohol among individuals. 507 humans participated in this study and alcohol consumption and IMB composition were analyzed. On the other hand, in 80 adult male Wistar rats, behavioral tests, alcohol intoxication, fecal transplantation, administration of antibiotics and collection of fecal samples were performed. For identification and relative quantification of bacterial taxa was used the bacterial 16 S ribosomal RNA gene. In humans, we found that heavy episodic drinking is associated with a specific stool type phenotype (type 1, according to Bristol Stool Scale; p

Mixing alcohol with caffeinated energy drinks is a common practice, especially among young people. In humans, the research on this issue has mainly focused on the use of the mass‐marketed energy drinks themselves, whereas in animal models, it has focused on the individual effects of their active ingredients (i.e. caffeine). Here, we have characterized how Red Bull®, one of the most consumed caffeinated energy drink worldwide, modulates operant alcohol self‐administration in Wistar rats. We found that animals readily and steadily responded for Red Bull (mean: 90 responses, 30 minutes and fixed‐ratio 1), which was accompanied by locomotor stimulating effects (26 percent increase). The higher the concentration of alcohol (3–20 percent), the higher the consumption of alcohol (g/kg) and associated blood alcohol levels (91.76 percent) in the mixed Red Bull–alcohol group (60 percent increase). Blood caffeine levels in the Red Bull group were 4.69 μg/ml and 1.31 μg/ml in the Red Bull–alcohol group after the 30‐minute session. Because Red Bull also contains 11 percent sucrose, we examined the time course of blood glucose as well as insulin and corticosterone. The correlation between intake of Red Bull and blood glucose levels was higher at 90 minutes than 5 minutes after its consumption, and there was no relationship with blood insulin or blood corticosterone levels. Red Bull did not alter extinction and reacquisition of responding for alcohol nor did it affect relapse‐like drinking. Overall, our results suggest that Red Bull might be a vulnerability factor to develop alcoholism given that it intensifies the consumption of higher concentrations of alcohol. Sin financiación 4.223 JCR (2018) Q1, 2/19 Substance Abuse; Q2, 76/299 Biochemistry & Molecular Biology 1.755 SJR (2018) Q1, 55/555 Psychiatry and Mental Health, 30/335 Pharmacology, 194/2844 Medicine (miscellaneous) No data IDR 2018 UEM

On behalf of the UP&DOWN Study Group., [Objective]: To examine the association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) at baseline and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in 6- to 10-year-olds (cross-sectional) and 2 years later (8- to 12-year-olds [longitudinal]) and whether changes with age in CRF are associated with CVD risk in children aged 8 to 12 years. [Patients and Methods]: Spanish primary schoolchildren (n=236) aged 6 to 10 years participated at baseline. Of the 23 participating primary schools, 22% (n=5) were private schools and 78% (n=18) were public schools. The dropout rate at 2-year follow-up was 9.7% (n=23). The 20-m shuttle run test was used to estimate CRF. The CVD risk score was computed as the mean of 5 CVD risk factor standardized scores: sum of 2 skinfolds, systolic blood pressure, insulin/glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. [Results]: At baseline, CRF was inversely associated with single CVD risk factors (all P0.85; P, This work was supported by grant DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 (DEP 2010-21662-C04-01: DEP 2010-21662-C04-02: DEP 2010-21662-C04-03: DEP 2010-21662-C04-04) from the National Plan for Research: Development and Innovation (R+D+i) MICINN and by grant FPU15/05337 from the Spanish Ministry of Education.

Sin financiación 3.051 JCR (2017) Q2, 36/83 Endocrinology and Metabolism, 70/142 Nutrition and Dietetics UEM

Resumen del trabajo presentado al International Symposium on Immunonutrition (10th Anniversary), celebrado en Madrid (España) del 17 al 19 de julio de 2017., [Background and Objective]: Inflammation has been related to obesity and its associated pathologies, such as cardiovascular diseases and metabolism alterations. Adipose tissue excess leads to elevated inflammatory biomarkers, although there is still a lack of knowledge on children and adolescents, particularly in a very special group such as subjects with Down syndrome (DS). This study was aimed to evaluate possible associations between inflammatory biomarkers and obesity in a sample of children and adolescents with DS and without DS (controls)., [Methods]: A total of 502 children and adolescents (101 with DS) aged 10–20 years-old, were recruited in this UP&DOWN substudy. Insulin, leptin, TNF-α, adiponectin, galactain3, visfatin and cortisol were selected as inflammatory biomarkers. Height and weight were measured and Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Pearson correlations were executed., [Results]: 65.3% and 31.9% of the volunteers had values below the level of detection in the visfatin (0.156 ng/ml) and insulin (1.00 pg/ml) test respectively. BMI was higher in DS than in controls (p < 0.001). Galactin-3 and adiponectin levels were lower in DS than in controls (p < 0.001). BMI was positively correlated with leptin and insulin and negatively with adiponectin in both groups. On the other hand, BMI positively correlated with TNF-α and cortisol in the control group and negatively with visfatin in the DS group (all p < 0.05)., [Conclusions]: These results point out that children and adolescents with SD have a peculiar inflammatory behaviour. An exhaustive study of the relationships between body composition and inflammatory biomarkers should be further evaluated in this group of population., DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 grants from the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN.

Sin financiación 4.490 JCR (2017) Q1, 4/82 Obstetrics & Gynecology, 2/29 Reproductive Biology UEM

Un buen estado de forma minimiza los efectos deletéreos del paso del tiempo sobre el organismo. Klotho (KL) es una proteína anti-edad debido, probablemente, a su papel en el metabolismo del fosfato y de la vitamina D y en el control del estrés oxidativo. Se relaciona su expresión con la fuerza muscular y existen coincidencias en la respuesta fisiológica de KL y la actividad física. Además, la asociación de KL con el ejercicio podría depender de la condición física (CF) de una persona. El objetivo fue determinar el efecto sobre los niveles de KL de: (1) una intervención integral de 20 semanas de ejercicio físico y dieta; (2) el ejercicio agudo con y sin CF. Ni la mejora de la CF conseguida mediante un programa de intervención de 20 semanas, ni el ejercicio agudo, tienen efecto sobre los niveles de KL en 5 personas obesas y sedentarias. Sin financiación No data (2016) UEM

On behalf of the UP & DOWN Study Group: Coordinator: Ascension Marcos. Principal Investigators: Ascension Marcos, Oscar L. Veiga, Jose Castro-Piñero, and Fernando Bandrés. Scientific Coordinators: David Martinez-Gomez (chair), Jonatan R. Ruiz (co-chair), Ana Carbonell-Baeza, Sonia Gomez-Martinez, and Catalina Santiago. Spanish National Research Council: Ascension Marcos, Sonia Gomez-Martinez, Esther Nova, Esperanza L. Diaz, Belén Zapatera, Ana M. Veses, Jorge R. Mujico, and Alina Gheorghe. Autonomous University of Madrid: Oscar L. Veiga, H. Ariel Villagra, Juan del-Campo, Carlos Cordente (UPM), Mario Diaz, Carlos M. Tejero, Aitor Acha, Jose M. Moya, Alberto Sanz, David Martinez-Gomez, Veronica Cabanas-Sanchez, Gabriel Rodriguez-Romo (UPM), Rocio Izquierdo-Gomez, Laura Garcia-Cervantes, and Irene Esteban-Cornejo. University of Cadiz: José Castro-Piñero, Jesús Mora-Vicente, José L. González-Montesinos, Julio Conde-Caveda, Francisco B. Ortega (UGR), Jonatan R. Ruiz (UGR), Carmen Padilla Moledo, Ana Carbonell Baeza, Palma Chillón (UGR), Jorge del Rosario Fernández, Ana González Galo, Gonzalo Bellvís Guerra, Álvaro Delgado Alfonso, Fernando Parrilla, Roque Gómez, and Juan Gavala. Complutense University of Madrid: Fernando Bandrés, Alejandro Lucia (UEM), Catalina Santiago (UEM), and Felix Gómez-Gallego (UEM)., The aims of the present study were to assess the association of environmental perception with objective and self-reported physical activity (PA) and the relation between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations on children and adolescents. A sample of 1520 youth (770 boys) aged 8-18 years (12.1 ± 2.5 years) from the UP&DOWN study were included in the data analyses. Environmental perception was assessed with the short adapted version of the ALPHA environmental questionnaire. PA was objectively (accelerometers) and self-reported measured (PA Questionnaire for Children, Patient-centered Assessment and Counseling for Exercise Questionnaire and Finnish PA Index). Linear regression models were used to assess the association of environmental perception with PA. Bivariate logistic regression models were used to assess differences between environmental perception and meeting PA recommendations. Environmental perception was positively associated with both objective and self-reported PA. Some differences were found in the association of environmental perception and PA between sex-and age-specific groups. Youth who perceived a more favourable environment were more likely to meet PA recommendations (at least 60 min · day of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA)). Results suggest that environmental perceptions of children and adolescents may play an important role in achieving higher levels of PA., This work was supported by the National Plan for Research, Development and Innovation (R + D + i) MICINN [grant number DEP 2010-21662-C04-00].

Cátedra Real Madrid No data (2016) UEM

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Adolescents with Down syndrome (DS) exhibit higher levels of fatness and low levels of physical fitness compared with those without DS. In adolescents without DS, fatness is tightly associated with physical fitness, but this association is unclear in adolescents with DS. The aim of this study was to examine the association between several markers of fatness and physical fitness in a relative large sample of adolescents with and without DS. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 111 adolescents with DS (41 females) aged 11-20 years participated in this cross-sectional study. We also included a sex-matched control group (ratio 1:2) of 222 adolescents without DS aged 12-18 years, participating in the UP&DOWN Study. The Assessing Level of Physical Activity (ALPHA) health-related fitness test battery for adolescents was used to assess fatness and physical fitness. RESULTS: Our results show that fatness is not associated with low levels of physical fitness in adolescents with DS (that is, 3 of the 16 analyses identified differences in physical fitness variables by groups of fatness). In contrast, fatness, as expected, is associated with levels of physical fitness in adolescents without DS (that is, 13 of the 16 analyses identified differences in physical fitness variables by groups of fatness). CONCLUSIONS: The present finding contributes to new knowledge by suggesting that the role of fatness on physical fitness is different in adolescents with and without DS, and consequently, the poor levels of physical fitness in adolescents with DS may be due to the syndrome rather than the high prevalence of obesity from this population. Plan Nacionla ed I+D: DEP 2010-21662-C04-00 (DEP 2010-21662-C04-01, DEP 2010-21662-C04-02, DEP 2010-21662-C04-03, DEP 2010-21662-C04-04) 5.487 JCR (2016) Q1, 19/138 Endocrinology and Metabolism, 5/81 Nutrition and Dietetics 2.940 SJR (2016) Q1, 11/244 Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, No data IDR 2016 UEM

SIN FINANCIACIÓN No data (2015) UEM