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1. Have any data been collected for this study already? (optional) No, no data have been collected for this study yet. 2. What's the main question being asked or hypothesis being tested in this study? (optional) The main question of this study is to what extent e-cigarette users actually subjectively experience and report craving and tolerance development, i.e., the development of dependence symptoms. This involves a qualitative description of the typical experience of these symptoms in a social context. The study consists of two study parts: an analysis of online forums (study part 1) and a focus group study (study part 2). Hypotheses for both parts of the study: 1. main hypothesis: E-cigarette users report typical craving. 2. main hypothesis: E-cigarette users report tolerance development over time. 3. main hypothesis: E-cigarette users report further criteria of a “tobacco use disorder” according to DSM-5. Secondary hypothesis: Subgroups of e-cigarette users with different perceptions of craving, tolerance development, and other criteria of tobacco use disorder can be identified. 3. Describe the key dependent variable(s) specifying how they will be measured. (optional) Smoking craving as a correlate of reward potential and tolerance development as a correlate of punishment potential will be examined. Further key dependent variables are the other criteria of a tobacco use disorder according to DSM-5. In study part 1, the key dependent variables will be collected and measured by a deductive-inductive category formation within the framework of a qualitative content analysis. In study part 2, a guideline will be developed and tested, on the basis of which the focus group interviews will be conducted and evaluated. 4. How many and which conditions will participants be assigned to? (optional) Both parts of the study are not experimental studies. Therefore, there is no assignment to groups or treatments. Instead, content-analytical evaluations and a comparison with the DSM-5 will be performed. 5. Specify exactly which analyses you will conduct to examine the main question/hypothesis. (optional) Previous international studies do not show to what extent e-cigarette users subjectively perceive dependence symptoms, especially reward or punishment potentials. A DFG project will investigate whether these potentials are also reported by the users themselves. For this purpose, two different qualitative approaches will be combined following a between-method triangulation design. Study part 1: A netnographic analysis of real posts in online discussion forums on the topic of e-cigarettes with a focus on addiction will be conducted. Access and identification of suitable online forums and threads will be carried out via a keyword-guided internet search. In the search only German-language forums will be considered. E-cigarette forums with the highest number of posts will be identified and searched for relevant threads using the internal search function in the respective forums. Only German-language posts that were created from 2010 onwards will be included. The thematically relevant threads will be extracted and stored offline in password-protected Word documents. In order to ensure the users’ anonymity, cited posts will be pseudonymized. The evaluation of the posts identified within the online discussion forums will be performed using a deductive-inductive categorization. Study part 2: To conduct the focus group interviews, an open-ended guideline will be first developed and tested and further developed in accordance with the usual standards. Before the individual focus group interviews begin, each participant will be personally informed and educated about the study as well as data protection. Then a moderator will begin the respective focus group interview by summarizing the framework, asking an initial opening question, and combining this with further conversation prompts. During the ensuing discussion, he or she will intervene in a moderating manner along the guideline. The duration of the focus group interviews will be set at a maximum of 2 hours. The focus group interviews will be logged and digitally recorded. After completion of each focus group, all participants will receive information about the current state of research on health risks and the dependence potential of e-cigarettes. Afterwards, the data will be transcribed. To evaluate the focus group interviews a deductive-inductive categorization will be used. The collection and analysis of the posts in the online discussion forums and the focus group interviews will be done independently. Afterwards, a triangulation of the results will be done. 6. Any secondary analyses? (optional) As a secondary analysis, the fourth hypothesis mentioned above will be evaluated. 7. How many observations will be collected or what will determine the sample size? No need to justify decision, but be precise about exactly how the number will be determined. (optional) Study part 1: The number of relevant threads/posts cannot be narrowed down a priori. Study part 2: A total of 4 focus group interviews are planned, each with 9 to 10 e-cigarette users. This results in a number of 36 to 40 subjects. 8. Anything else you would like to pre-register? (e.g., data exclusions, variables collected for exploratory purposes, unusual analyses planned?) (optional) Inclusion criteria for study part 2 are age of majority, sufficient understanding of the German language, and daily e-cigarette use. A specific exclusion criterion for participation in study part 2 is a dual use of tobacco and e-cigarettes in order to exclude addictions based on tobacco cigarette use. The composition of the focus groups will also be as heterogeneous as possible to generate a wide variety of opinions and to discuss as many different experiences as possible. The focus group interviews will be conducted in the rooms of the Mannheim Institute for Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine. The rooms are quiet, air-conditioned and cannot be seen or heard from outside.

Hintergrund: Die Versorgungsqualität und Behandlungszufriedenheit von Kindern mit chronischen Erkrankungen und Eltern kann durch die Umsetzung partizipativer Entscheidungsfindung (PEF) gestärkt werden. Zielsetzung: Die vorliegende Studie analysiert erstmals für den deutschsprachigen [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Hintergrund: Die soziale Teilhabe ist bei Kindern mit chronischen Erkrankungen häufig eingeschränkt und könnte durch eine stärker teilhabe- und patientenzentrierte Versorgung verbessert werden. Zielsetzung: Im Beitrag werden die Effekte der teilhabe- und patientenzentrierten PART-CHILD [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Background: Shared decision making (SDM) contributes to the quality of care for children with chronic health conditions or disabilities and their parents. Contrary to healthcare services for adult patients, little is known about the extent of SDM in pediatrics, correlates of SDM that could be targeted[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 19. Deutscher Kongress für Versorgungsforschung (DKVF)