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Increased risk of pancreatic cancer may be associated with consumption of sugar containing foods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of peach nectar containing high fructose corn sirup (HFCS) consumption in a pancreatic carcinogenesis rat model induced by 7,12-Dimethyl benzanthracene (DMBA). Fifty-day-old male Sprague Dawley rats were fed with peach nectar containing HFCS + chow, peach nectar containing sucrose + chow and only chow. After 8 mo, feeding period, each group was divided into two subgroups, in which the rats were implanted with DMBA and no DMBA (sham). Histologic specimens were evaluated according to the routine tissue processing protocol. The animals withad libitumaccess to pn-HFCS, pn-sucrose and chow (only) showed significant differences in chow consumption and glucose level. Necropsy and histopathologic findings showed tumor formation in the entire group treated with DMBA. Excluding one rat in chow group, which was classified as poorly differentiated type, the others were classified as moderately differentiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). This study demonstrated that daily intake of HFCS did not increase body weight and there was no effect of peach nectar consumption on the development of PDAC induced by DMBA in rats.

In this case report we are presenting a rare case of primary pulmonary plasmacytoma in a dog in the context of clinical and pathological findings. A six-years-old, female Rottweiler was brought to the clinic with respiratory complaints. The patient was dyspneic and tachypneic, and there were friction sounds on auscultation of the lungs. Laryngeal and tracheal palpation induced severe cough. Lateral and ventrodorsal radiographs of the thorax showed increased opacity in the lungs and loss of cardiac silhouette. Based on clinical and radiological findings, diagnosis of a lung mass was made and surgery recommended. Under general anesthesia, bilobectomy of the right lung lobes by medial sternotomy was performed. Upon cytological and histopathological findings, plasmacytoma was diagnosed.

Lymphomais the most common feline malignancy, and the alimentary form is the mostcommon seen form of the disease. Alimentary form in the cat typically involvesthe small intestine, stomach, mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver. The disease isoften reported in cats between 1 and 20 (mean 13 years) years of age. A 3-year-old domestic male cat was admitted toUludağ University Animal Hospital due to chronic weight loss, loss of appetite,diarrhea and vomiting traced back to 15 days. Abdominal ultrasonography wasperformed and a large solid mass was spotted in the cranial abdomen. During thetreatment, the cat developed respiratory stress, shock and died 2 days after. Inlight of the clinical symptoms, ultrasonography, necropsy and histopathologicalfindings; small-cell-alimentary lymphoma was diagnosed for the 3-year-old cat.It can be interpreted that small cell (lymphocytic) alimentary lymphoma is seenrarely in younger cats and seldom exceeds itself from gastrointestinal tractcompared to large-cell lymphoma., Lymphoma is the most common feline malignancy, and the alimentary form is the most common seen form of the disease. Alimentary form in the cat typically involves the small intestine, stomach, mesenteric lymph nodes, and liver. The disease is often reported in cats between 1 and 20 (mean 13 years) years of age. A 3-year-old domestic male cat was admitted to Uludağ University Animal Hospital due to chronic weight loss, loss of appetite, diarrhea and vomiting traced back to 15 days. Abdominal ultrasonography was performed and a large solid mass was spotted in the cranial abdomen. During the treatment, the cat developed respiratory stress, shock and died 2 days after. In light of the clinical symptoms, ultrasonography, necropsy and histopathological findings; small-cell-alimentary lymphoma was diagnosed for the 3-year-old cat. It can be interpreted that small cell (lymphocytic) alimentary lymphoma is seen rarely in younger cats and seldom exceeds itself from gastrointestinal tract compared to large-cell lymphoma.

Yerli ırk, 16 yaşlı bir kısrak, genitalbölgede sebebi bilinmeyen ve iyileşmeyen yara şikayeti ile kliniğimizegetirildi. Kısrağın genel durumu iyiydi ancak genital bölgenin muayenesindevulvada anüsün alt yarımını kapsayan, fibrotik üremeyle karakterize, yaygınaçık bir yara belirlendi. Biyopsi alınarak numuneler patoloji laboratuarınagönderildi. Histopatolojik inceleme sonucu alınan numunelerden yassı hücreli karsinomtanısı konuldu. Tedavi için önerilen kemoterapi seçenekleri, kısrağın yaşı vesağaltımın maliyeti dolayısıyla hasta sahibi tarafından kabul edilmedi. Sunulanbu olgu ile bir kısrakta vulvar yassı hücreli karsinomun klinik vehistopatolojik bulgularının rapor edilmesi ve kliniğimizde çok sıkkarşılaşılmayan bu neoplazi için olası sağaltım seçeneklerinin tartışılmasıamaçlanmıştır., A nativebreed, 16 years old mare was presented to our clinics with the complaint of anidiopathic and non-healing wound on the genital region. General condition ofthe mare was normal, but an extensive open wound on the vulva, which wasextending to ventral part of the anus, characterized by fibrotic proliferationwas observed in the examination of the genital region. The biopsy was taken andthe samples were sent to pathology laboratory. As a result of histopathologicalexamination, squamous cell carcinoma was diagnosed. The suggested chemotherapyoptions for treatment were refused by the patient owner because of the age ofthe horse and the cost of treatment. With this case presentation, reporting ofthe clinical and histopathological result of vulvar squamous cell carcinoma andpossible treatment options for this rare case in a mare was aimed.

High fructose corn syrup (HFCS) is one of the most used sweeteners in the food industry. Health concerns regarding the consumption of HFCS-containing foods have developed in parallel with the increasing amount of people who become overweight. This study was conducted to investigate whether HFCS-containing peach nectar (pn-HFCS) consumption has more detrimental effects on anthropometrical and biochemical parameters compared with sucrose-containing peach nectar (pn-sucrose). Fifty-day-old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups and were fed (A) pn-HFCS + ad libitum chow, (B) pn-sucrose + ad libitum chow and (C) only ad libitum chow for 7 months. The percentage change in body weight (PCBW), body mass index (BMI), and Lee index were calculated, and serum triglyceride, glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations were measured. The PCBW, BMI, Lee index, serum triglyceride, glucose, insulin and leptin concentrations were insignificant among the three groups. We can suggest that peach nectar consumption resulted in more energy intake than the control and since pn-HFCS group consumed more chow than the pn-sucrose group. The results show that long term daily HFCS or sucrose consumption in peach nectar is not associated with weight gain and does not stimulate metabolic changes in Sprague Dawley rats.

This report describes an intestinal adenocarcinoma in a 13-year-old female lion (Panthera leo) from the zoo of Bursa, Turkey. The animal suffered from muscle atrophy, was presented to the Department of Internal Medicine with signs of anorexia, lethargy and abdominal distension, and a presumptive diagnosis of FIP was made. The lion did not respond to treatment and was euthanized for humane reasons. At necropsy, approximately 10 l serous ascites was observed in the abdominal cavity. A firm tumourous mass with grayish white cut surface was seen to invade all layers of the wall of the ascending colon. The tumour did not cause any luminal stricture, and no mucosal ulcerations were detected. In addition, numerous firm, grayish white nodules up to 1.5 cm in diameter were present on the peritoneal surface of the abdominal wall, omentum, diaphragm, mesentery and also on the serosal surfaces of stomach, spleen, uterus and vagina. Microscopically, a metastasizing mucinous type of a colonic adenocarcinoma with metaplastic bone formation was found. Peritoneal implants had similar features to the intestinal tumour except for the lack of metaplasic bone formations. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for CDX2, a marker for a human intestinal transcription factor in normal and neoplastic intestinal epithelial cells. However, cytokeratins 7 and 20, usually used in human diagnostics of intestinal adenocarcinomas, were negative, suggestive of an intestinal epithelial cell origin. Depending on the gross, histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings, the tumour was diagnosed as mucinous-type colonic adenocarcinoma. This is the first report of intestinal adenocarcinoma in lions.

This case report include the clinical, haematology, radiology, ultrasound and cytology results of the multinodular thyroid hyperplasia in a camel. A fourteen-year-old, Tulu breed, male camel was presented with the complaint of respiratory sounds and gradually enlarging a swelling under the neck for one year. Clinical examination revealed a massive swelling, which was bilateral, symmetric, and located ventral and 1/3 cranial part of the neck and suspected to be the cause of the respiratory sounds. Routine haematology of the camel was normal but thyroid function tests had low TSH, high level T3 and T4. Radiology revealed peritracheal soft tissue opacity and tracheal deviation. Ultrasonographic examination revealed the heterogenic mass and numerous different echogenities (anechoic, hyperechoic) in the parenchyma (multinodular appearance). Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration and then cytology was performed. Cytology pointed to thyroid hyperplasia. Iodine therapy was planned. After two months, the swelling regressed to about 30% rate and abnormal respiratory sounds also disappeared.

We evaluated the presence of estrogen (ER) and progesterone (PR) receptors, and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) enzymes in 18 feline mammary tubulopapillary carcinomas. Immunohistochemistry was performed to localize ER, PR, MMP-2 and MMP-9 in situ. Western blotting and zymographic analyses also were performed to investigate the presence and activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes in fresh tissue homogenates. ER immune expression was detected in five samples (27.7%) and PR was positive in sixteen (88.8%) samples. Diffuse cytoplasmic staining of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in neoplastic mammary epithelial cells, stromal fibroblasts and inflammatory cell was evident. MMP-2 and MMP-9 staining was observed also in metastasizing neoplastic cells within lymphatic vessels. MMP-2 and MMP-9 enzymes and their activities in fresh tumor homogenates were demonstrated by zymography. Comparison of MMP-9 gelatinolytic bands from tumor samples and controls revealed a statistically significant difference. We demonstrated elevated MMP-9 and MMP-2 levels in tumor samples by Western blotting; analysis of protein bands revealed 1.9-to-3 fold increase in MMP-9 in tumor samples and the difference was statistically significant. Our results suggest that the expression of MMP-9 can be an important indicator for tumor progression and the possible metastatic nature of feline tubulopapillary carcinomas.

Marek's disease is an important lymphoproliferative neoplasm of chickens, caused by oncogenic strains of herpes virus. Visceral lymphomas and invasion of both central nervous tissues and peripheral nerves by lymphoid cells are common findings. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of enzymes responsible for extracellular matrix degradation and tumour metastases. The localisations of MMPs in tumour cells were evaluated immunohistochemically. As a result, positive reactions for MMP-9 and MMP-2 enzymes were found in the lymphoid tumour cells. These enzymes may take part in the pathogenesis of Marek's disease causing extracellular matrix degradation and metastasis.

Th e present study describes giant-cell tumor of bone (GCToB) with lymph node involvement in a 5-year-old crossbred cat. Th e animal was referred to the surgery clinic with progressive subcutaneous swelling in the left proximal femoral region, severe lameness, constipation, and dysuria. A moderately fi rm, subcutaneous, palpable mass, 9 cm in diameter, was observed, and biopsy samples were taken. Histopathologically, the mass was constituted by ovoid-shaped mononuclear cells intermixed with many multinucleated giant cells (MGC). Immunohistochemically, the giant cells were positively stained with antivimentin, and the same cells were negative for antidesmin and anti-S100 staining. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) activity in tumor cells was evaluated and the tumor was diagnosed as malignant GCToB; the cat was euthanized. Macroscopically, while the regional lymph nodes were intact, giant cells were found in the left popliteal lymph node during microscopy. Although a few cases of GCToB have been reported in cats, the case herein displays, for the fi rst time, evidence of lymph node involvement during the process of metastasis.

This study was conducted to determine the effects of 2 lighting programs (continuous: 24 h light: 0 h dark; intermittent: 12 h daylight followed by 3 cycles of 1 h light, and then 3 h dark during the night) and 3 ascorbic acid supplementations (0, 200, and 400 mg/L added to water) on broiler performance, bone characteristics, and the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia. One-day-old male commercial (Ross PM(3)) broiler chicks (600) were divided into 6 treatment groups (2 x 3) with random replicates (4 replicates per treatment). At the end of 6 weeks data revealed that the lighting program, which was one of the main factors tested, affected the feed conversion ratio and live weight gain (P < 0.05), while ascorbic acid (the other main factor) and the interactions of both factors did not significantly influence broiler performance characteristics. Length and weight of the tibiotarsus were positively affected by the use of intermittent lighting, whereas ascorbic acid had a positive effect only on the weight of the bone. Continuous lighting improved cortical thickness of the tibiotarsus (P < 0.01) and decreased the incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia insignificantly. There was not a lighting x supplemental ascorbic acid interaction for tibial dyschondroplasia. The results of the present study suggest that use of intermittent lighting and supplementation of ascorbic acid (200 mg/L) can efficiently prevent leg problems, and increase bone strength and broiler performance. Çalışmada sürekli ve kesintili (sürekli; 24 saat aydınlık:0 saat karanlık, kesintili; 12 saat gün ışığına ilave olarak 1 saat aydınlık:3 saat karanlık toplam 4 saat ve 3 siklus ile 12 saat tamamlanarak gece ışıklandırması) olmak üzere 2 farklı aydınlatma programı ve içme sularına farklı düzeylerde (0, 200, 400 mg/L) ilave edilen askorbik asidin broyler performansı, kemik özellikleri ve tibial dyschondroplasia üzerine olan etkileri incelendi. Bu amaçla 600 adet günlük yaşta broyler civciv (Ross PM3) kullanılarak, 2 × 3 faktöriyel tertipte 4’er tekrarlı toplam 6 grup oluşturuldu. Çalışmada 6. hafta sonunda, ana faktörlerden aydınlatmanın canlı ağırlık ve yemden yararlanma oranı üzerine olumlu etkisi saptanırken (P < 0,05), diğer temel etken olan askorbik asit ile bunların kombinasyonlarının performans özellikleri üzerine etkisinin olmadığı görüldü. Tibiotarsus’un ağırlık ve uzunluğu üzerine kesintili aydınlatmanın pozitif etkisi saptanırken, diğer temel etken olan askorbik asidin kemiğin sadece ağırlığını olumlu yönde etkilediği görüldü. Sürekli aydınlatmanın tibiotarsus kortikal kalınlığını arttırırken tibial dyschondroplasia’yi istatistiksel olarak önemsiz düzeyde (P < 0,01) azalttığı saptandı. Aydınlatma ve askorbik asit kombinasyonlarının tibial dyschondroplasia üzerine etkisinin olmadığı görüldü. Sonuç olarak, kesintili aydınlatma ve içme suyuna ilave edilen 200 mg/L askorbik asidin bacak problemlerini azalttığı, kemik direnci ve broyler performansını arttırdığı saptandı.

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a member of the transmissible spongiform encepahlopathies, has been a notifiable disease in Turkey since 1997. In 2002, the BSE status of Turkey was assessed by the EU Scientific Steering Committee as "it is likely but not confirmed". This study presents the results of a targeted surveillance study to assess the presence of BSE in the age risk population of Bursa, Turkey. In the assessment procedure, the immunohistochemical detection of protease-resistant prion protein (PrP-Sc) was aimed at and applied to 420 brain tissues of cattle slaughtered in Bursa at an age of 30-months and older. None of the samples were positive for BSE.

(1) This study was to determine the effects of two lighting programmes (continuous--24L:0D or intermittent--12L:3(1L:3D)), two feeding programmes (continuous--ad libitum or meal Jeeding--3 h feed:3 h deprivation x 4 times per d) and two ascorbic acid (AA) supplementations (0 or 150 mg/l in water) on broiler performance and incidence of tibial dyschondroplasia (TD). (2) One-day-old male commercial (Ross PM3) broiler chicks (1600) were used. The chicks were randomly divided into 8 treatment groups (2 x 2 x 2) and their replicates (2) replicates per treatment). (3) Intermittent lighting increased body weight and improved feed conversion. Body weight of broilers was decreased by meal feeding. AA supplementation had no significant effect on the body weight and feed conversion ratio. There was no lighting x feeding x supplemental AA interaction for body weight, feed conversion ratio, mortality rate and carcase weight. (4) Supplemental AA improved the cortical thickness of tibiotarsus and decreased the incidence of TD. (5) It was concluded that the application of intermittent lighting in combination with supplementation of 150 mg/l AA is a useful method to reduce TD in broilers without loss of performance.

Gout as a multifactorial syndrome can cause the death of chicken. In this study, the lesions formed were studied macro-, and microscopically in 134 gouty chicken. The gross and microscopic changes were found in all kidneys and renal capsules, though the other internal organs were also involved in many cases. Their serosal surfaces were more severely affected than the parenchymal parts. These organs were liver, lungs, heart, spleen and synovial sacs. Uroliths were found in all cases and were formed in ureters. This finding indicated that the gouty lesions were the results of urolithiasis. Physical characteristics and the chemical composition of the stones were studied, and the results confirmed that they were made up by urates of calcium, ammonium cations.