Search

Objective: Here, possible protective effects of Urapidil were investigated against lung and renal injuries induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Materials and Methods: 32 Sprague Dawley male rats were assigned to 4 groups as follows; sham, CLP, DMSO and Urapidil (URA) 0.5 mg/kg. Several oxidant, inflammatory and antioxidant parameters were determined in lung and renal tissues. Results: Oxidant and inflammatory biomarkers increased while antioxidant biomarkers decreased in CLP and DMSO groups compared to sham group. Antioxidant parameters increased while oxidant and inflammatory biomarkers declined in treatment group compared to CLP and DMSO groups. Conclusion: Present results have demonstrated that URA administration is effective against lung and renal injuries caused by CLP-related polymicrobial sepsis model., Amaç: Burada, çekal ligasyon ve ponksiyonun (CLP) neden olduğu akciğer ve böbrek yaralanmalarına karşı Urapidil'in olası koruyucu etkileri araştırıldı. Materyal ve Metod: 32 Sprague Dawley erkek sıçan sham, CLP, Dimetil sülfoksit (DMSO) ve Urapidil (URA) 0.5 mg/kg şeklinde 4 gruba ayrıldı. Akciğer ve böbrek dokularında çeşitli oksidan, inflamatuvar ve antioksidan parametreler belirlendi. Bulgular: CLP ve DMSO gruplarında sham grubuna göre oksidan ve inflamatuvar biyobelirteçler artarken antioksidan biyobelirteçler azalmıştır. Tedavi grubunda CLP ve DMSO gruplarına göre antioksidan parametreler artarken oksidan ve inflamatuvar biyobelirteçler azaldı. Sonuç: Mevcut sonuçlar, URA uygulamasının CLP ile ilişkili polimikrobiyal sepsis modelinin neden olduğu akciğer ve böbrek hasarlarına karşı etkili olduğunu göstermiştir.

Aim: The possible beneficial properties of Apocynin against cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) induced lung and renal injuries were investigated in rats. Materials and Methods: 32 Wistar Albino male rats were randomized as: group I (sham), group II (CLP), group III (CLP+Apocynin 20 mg/kg), and group IV (CLP+Apocynin 50 mg/kg). CLP process was carried out under anesthesia conditions. Apocynin was administered intraperitoneally prior to the CLP model. The lung and renal tissues were excised following the experiment. Biochemical analyzes were done. Results and Conclusion: TNF-α, OSI, IL-1β, TOS, MDA levels and MPO activity elevated but SOD and TAS values declined in CLP group compared to sham group. On the other hand, SOD and TAS levels increased while MPO activity, TNF-α, IL-1β, TOS, OSI and MDA levels declined due to Apocynin treatments. As a conclusion, Apocynin is an effective agent against CLP-induced lung and renal injuries., Amaç: Sıçanlarda Apokinin’in, çekal ligasyon ve ponksiyona (CLP) bağlı akciğer ve böbrek hasarına karşı olası yararlı özellikleri araştırıldı.Gereç ve Yöntem: 32 Wistar Albino erkek sıçan randomize olarak grup I (sham), grup II (CLP), grup III (CLP+Apokinin 20 mg/kg) ve grup IV (CLP+Apokinin 50 mg/kg)olarak düzenlendi. CLP işlemi anestezi koşulları altında gerçekleştirildi. Apokinin, CLP modelinden hemen önce intraperitonal olarak uygulandı. Akciğer ve böbrek dokularıdeneyin ardından eksize edildi. Biyokimyasal analizler yapıldı.Bulgular ve Sonuç: Sham grubuna kıyasla CLP grubunda TNF-a, OSI, IL-1B, TOS, MDA düzeyleri ve MPO aktivitesi yükselirken SOD ve TAS değerleri azaldı. Öte yandan,Apokinin uygulaması sonucunda MPO aktivitesi, TNF-α, IL-1β, TOS, OSI ve MDA seviyeleri düşerken SOD ve TAS düzeyleri artmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Apokinin CLP kaynaklıakciğer ve böbrek hasarına karşı etkili bir ajandır.

Ellagic acid was examined on lung tissue injury caused by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced polymicrobial sepsis model in rats. 24 Wistar Albino female rats were allocated to 3 groups as: Group I (Sham), group II (CLP), and group III (CLP+ Ellagic acid 75 mg/kg). The CLP model was made by drilling the cecum. Biochemical and immunohistochemical analyzes were performed. Total oxidant status, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, malondialdehyde, and myeloperoxidase activity elevated, but superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant status valued declined in the CLP group compared to the sham group. On the contrary, superoxide dismutase and total antioxidant status levels increased. In contrast, myeloperoxidase activity, total oxidant status, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and malondialdehyde levels decreased in the Ellagic acid treatment group. Caspase-3 and microtubule-associated protein light chain-3B immunopositivity increased significantly in the CLP group compared to the sham group while diminishing in the Ellagic acid group. In conclusion, Ellagic acid prevented CLP-induced lung injury in experimental rats. Thus, Ellagic acid may be an alternative therapeutic agent against lung tissue injury induced by sepsis., Ellagik asit, sıçanlarda çekal ligasyon ve delmeye (ÇLD) bağlı polimikrobiyal sepsis modelinin neden olduğu akciğer dokusu hasarı üzerinde incelendi. 24 Wistar Albino dişi sıçan 3 gruba ayrıldı: Grup I (sham), grup II (ÇLD) ve grup III (ÇLD + Ellagik asit 75 mg / kg). ÇLD modeli çekumun delinmesi ile gerçekleştirildi. Biyokimyasal ve immünohistokimyasal analizler yapıldı. Total oksidan kapasite, tümör nekroz faktör-α, interlökin-1β, malondialdehit ve miyeloperoksidaz aktivitesi arttı, ancak süperoksit dismütaz ve total antioksidan kapasite değerleri sham grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında ÇLD grubunda azaldı. Aksine, ellagik asit tedavi grubunda miyeloperoksidaz aktivitesi, total oksidan kapasite, tümör nekroz faktör-α, interlökin-1β, ve malondialdehit seviyeleri azalırken süperoksit dismütaz ve total antioksidan kapasite düzeyleri artmıştır. Kaspaz-3 ve LC3B immünopozitifliği ellagik asit grubunda azalırken, ÇLD grubunda sham grubuna göre anlamlı olarak artmıştır. Sonuç olarak ellagik asit, deneysel sıçanlarda ÇLD'nin neden olduğu akciğer hasarını önledi. Dolayısıyla ellagik asit, sepsisin neden olduğu akciğer dokusu hasarına karşı alternatif bir terapötik ajan olabilir.

Aim: Here, Chlorogenic acid (CA) was examined in intestinal ischemia reperfusion (I/R)-induced lung injury. Material and Methods: 4 experimental rat groups were created (n=8): sham, I/R and CA treatment groups. At the end of the experimental process, rats were immolated and lung tissues were excised. Results: Oxidant parameters increased and antioxidant activity declined in I/R group compared to sham group. CA treatments reversed these parameters. Discussion and Conclusion: Different doses of the CA prevented intestinal I/R-induced lung injury in experimental animals.

Purpose/Aim of the Study: The purpose of this research is to examine protective effect of alliin in lung injury induced by cecal ligation and puncture. Materials and Methods:In this study, the rats were assigned to 4 groups and were planned as follows; sham control, CLP, CLP + 100 mg/kg alliin and CLP + 200 mg/kg alliin. Some oxidant, antioxidant and inflammatory parameters were evaluated in lung tissues obtained at the end of the experiment. Results: Results proved that the oxidant and inflammatory biomarkers increased and antioxidant biomarkers decreased in the CLP group compared to sham control group but the antioxidant parameters increased and oxidant parameters decreased in treatment group compared to CLP group. Conclusion: Our results have demonstrated that the administration of alliin is an effective method against oxidative lung injury caused by cecal ligation puncture-sepsis model.

EEG (Electroencephalography) signals are used in different fields increasingly with the development of technology because they contain a lot of important information. In recent years, a great deal of these studies has been carried out about the concrete meaning of the signals. Most of these systems are called BBA (Brain Computer Interface) systems. Various applications have been developed with BBA systems. In this paper, a graphical user interface (GUI) has been designed on Matlab for the processing of recorded signals to detect blink with the help of Emotive EPOC +, which is a portable EEG device. Channel selection, filtering and averaging operations are performed by means of this software to determine the blinks. It is thought that this software will form the basis for higher level work on the Matlab platform.

Objective: This studyinvestigated the effects of p-coumaric acid (p-CA) on acute lung injury in ratsinduced by renal ischemia reperfusion injury.Materials and Methods: Thirty-two Wistar Albino female rats, 200-250 g for 12-16 weeks, wererandomized to sham (S), renal ischemia-reperfusion (IR), IR with 50 mg / kgp-coumaric acid p-CA 50) and 100 mg / kg p-coumaric acid (p-CA 100) with IR.After the rats were opened in the other rats except sham and right nephrectomywas performed, the left renal artery was clamped and ischemia followed byreperfusion protocol and p-coumaric acid treatment. Total antioxidant (TAS),total oxidant (TOS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) andmyeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were measured spectrophotometrically in lungtissue after the experimental protocol was completed. Oxidative stress index(OSI) was calculated.Findings: In the IR group,TOS, MDA, MPO and OSI significantly increased, while TAS and SOD levelsdecreased (p, Amaç: Buçalışma ile sıçanlarda böbrek iskemi reperfüzyon hasarı ile meydana gelen akut akciğer hasarı ve buoksidan hasarda p-kumarik asit’in (p-CA) etkisi araştırıldı.Gereç ve Yöntemler: 12-16 haftalık 200-250 grotuz iki adet Wistar Albino cinsi dişi sıçanlar sham (S), renaliskemi-reperfüzyon (R-IR), R-IR ile 50 mg/kg p-CA (p-CA 50) ve R-IR ile 100mg/kg p-CA (p-CA 100) uygulanan gruplar olarak sınıflandırıldı. Sham hariçdiğer gruplardaki sıçanların sırt bölgesi açılıp sağ nefrektomi yapıldıktansonra sol renal arter klemplenerek iskemi ve takiben reperfüzyon protokolü ile p-CAtedavisi uygulandı. Deney protokolü tamamlandıktan sonra akciğer dokusundatotal antioksidan status (TAS), total oksidan status (TOS), süperoksit dismutaz(SOD), malondialdehit (MDA) ve myeloperoksidaz (MPO) seviyelerispektrofotometrik yöntemlerle ölçüldü. Oksidatif stres indeksi (OSI)hesaplandı. Bulgular: R-IR grubunda, TOS, MDA, MPO ve OSI anlamlıdüzeyde yükselirken, TAS ve SOD seviyeleri azaldı (p

AMAÇ: Romatoid Artrit (RA), oryantasyon, dikkat ve bellek zayıflığı gibi azalmış bilişsel işlevlere neden olur. Sunulan bu çalışmanın amacı RA’da bilişsel işlevlerin bir belirleyicisi olarak eklem yıkımını ve hastalığın diğer parametrelerini değerlendirmektir. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu kesitsel çalışma, 45 hasta ve 40 sağlıklı kontrol içemektedir. RA’lı hastalarda radyolojik progresyon skoru (≥0.5, modifiye Sharp / van der Heijde skorları- MTS’ler), 28 eklemin hastalık aktivite skoru (DAS-28) ve 44 eklemin hastalık aktivite skoru (DAS-44) değerlendirildi. Mini Mental Test (MMSE) ve Hastane Anksiyete Depresyon Ölçeği (HADÖ) değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar, bilişsel işlevleri belirlemek için hasta ve kontrol grubu arasında karşılaştırıldı. BULGULAR: MMSE skorları açısından gruplar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark vardı (p=0.003). RA ve kontrol grupları arasında anksiyete ve depresyon düzeyleri açısından anlamlı farklılık yoktu. MMSE skoru; hastalık süresi (p=0.011, r=-0.371), Sharp skoru (p=0.018, r=-0.350) ve DAS-28(p=0.044, r=-0.296) skoru ile ilişkilendirildi. Depresyon skoru da DAS ile ilişkiliydi (p=0.004, r=0.425). Romatoid faktör düzeyleri, antisiklik sitrullinat peptid düzeyleri ve bilişsel işlev testleri arasında herhangi bir ilişki bulunamadı. SONUÇ: Sonuçlar, uzun süredir RA olan hastalarda inflamatuar mediatörlere maruz kalmanın, eklemleri etkilediği sürece merkezi sinir sisteminde de bozulmaya neden olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bilişsel bozulma, hastalık şiddeti ve eklem yıkımı ile ilişkili idi. Dolayısıyla, radyografik eklem hasarı, RA’daki bu kronik süreç boyunca nöronal hasarın ve bilişsel bozulmanın boyutunu yansıtan pozitif bir ön belirteç olabilir. OBJECTIVE: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) cause poor cognitive functions including reduced memory, orientation and attention. The aim of the present study is to evaluate joint destruction and other parameters of disease as a predictor of cognitive functions in RA. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study included forty five patients and forty healthy controls. Radiological progression score (≥0.5 the modified Sharp/ van der Heijde scores- MTSs), disease activity score of 28 joints (DAS-28) and disease activity score of 44 joints (DAS-44) were evaluated in patients with RA. Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale (HADS) were evaluated and the results were compared between patients and control groups to determinate cognitive functions. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between groups in terms of MMSE scores (p=0.003). There were no significant differences in terms of anxiety and depression levels between RA and control groups. MMSE score was correlated with disease duration (p=0.011, r=- 0.371), Sharp score (p=0.018, r=-0.350) and DAS-28 score (p=0.044, r=-0.296). Depression score was also correlated with DAS (p=0.004, r=0.425). No relationship was found between Rheumatoid factor levels, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide levels and the cognitive function tests. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that exposure to inflammatory mediators in patients with long standing RA may lead to deterioration on central nervous system as long as affecting joints. Cognitive deterioration was correlated with disease severity and joint destruction. Thus, the radiographic joint destruction can be a positive predictor of reflecting the extent of neuronal damage and cognitive deterioration during this chronic process in RA.

Diabetes is a problem of public health that increases due to changes of life and eating habits. One of the most important complications of this disease is cardiomyopathy. Reasons that bring out diabetic cardiomyopathy include hyperglycemia, reaktive oksigen species (ROS), activation of DAG/PKC (diachyl glicerol/protein kinase C) pathway, upregulation of reninangiotensin-aldosteron system, fail of response to hypoxia , endothelial disfunction and otonomic neuropathy. This review aims to develop new treatment steps analyzing the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, Diyabet sedanter yaşam ve beslenme alışkanlıklarının değişimi sonucu insidansı artan bir toplum sağlığı problemdir. Bu hastalığın en önemli komplikasyonlarından biri diyabetik kardiyomyopatidir. Diyabetik kardiyomyopatinin meydana gelmesinde hiperglisemi, reaktif oksijen türevleri (ROS), DAG/PKC (diaçil gliserol/protein kinaz C) sinyal yolağının aktivasyonu, renin-anjiyotensin-aldosteron sisteminin upregülasyonu, hipoksiye yanıtın bozulması, endotel disfonksiyonu ve otonomik nöropati gibi birçok sebep yer almaktadır. Bu derleme ile diyabetik kardiyomyopatinin patoŞ zyolojisine ışık tutarak yeni tedavi basamakları geliştirilebilmesi amaçlanmaktadır

Büyüme ve gelişme ile yara iyileşmesi gibi fi zyolojik süreçlerde doku beslenme mekanizmasının doğru çalışması organ gelişimi ve fonksiyonu için önemlidir. Kanser gibi kontrolsüz ve disfonksiyonel büyüme ile devam eden patolojik süreçlerde ise damar oluşumunun önlenmesi tedavi açısından önem taşır. Damarlanmanın oluşmasında temel molekül olan; VEGF mitogenez, anjiyogenez ve endotelyal fonksiyonların düzenlenmesi dahil birçok önemli görev yapar. Bu makale ile; damar oluşum mekanizmaları, görevli büyüme faktörleri, bu faktörlerin etkileştiği reseptör yapıları ve bu etkileşime neden olan koşulların belirtilmesi amaçlanmıştır, Tıp Fakültesi Dekanlığı, Korucuk Mahallesi, Konuralp Bulvarı,No:81/1 Korucuk Kampüsü, Adapazarı/SakaryaTel: 0 (264) 295 66 30 Fax: 0 (264) 295 66 29 ankara.medicine@gmail.com

Purpose. The purposes of this study are to assess the acute effects of iodixanol, an iso-osmolar contrast media, on pulmonary functions and to evaluate the body composition in order to find out its role in causing this deterioration. Methods. 35 male and 25 female patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography (CA) were enrolled in the study. Before CA, all patients’ body compositions were evaluated by measuring their body mass indexes (BMIs) and waist-to-hip ratios (WHRs). Total body waters (TBWs), fat masses (FMs), fat-free masses (FFMs), and basal metabolism rates (BMRs) were measured via bioimpedance analysis. The CA was performed via radial artery route using iodixanol in every patient. The pulmonary function tests of these patients were performed before, during, and 2 hours after the CA. FEV1∆, FEF25–75%∆, and FVC∆ parameters were calculated by subtracting the measured baseline value from the measurement after the CA. Results. Angiography caused significant reduction in forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1, from 94.17 ± 18.83 to 84.45 ± 18.31, p<0.0001), forced vital capacity (FVC, from 96.57 ± 15.82 to 88.31 ± 17.96, p<0.0001), and forced expiratory flow at 25–75% (FEF25–75% from 82.54 ± 24.26 to 72.11 ± 25.41, p=0.001) and remained lower after 2 h after CA in male patients, respectively. FEV1 values were 103.40 ± 17.79 to 94.96 ± 17.063 (p=0.004); FVC values were 107.20 ± 19.03 to 99.08 ± 20.56 (p=0.009); and FEF25–75% values were 83.92 ± 24.30 to 73.24 ± 20.45 (p=0.005) before and after CA and remained lower after 2 h after CA in female patients, respectively. FEV1/FVC ratio remained unchanged. FEF25–75%∆ was statistically correlated with FFM, TBW, and WHR (p<0.05; r=−0.344, r=−0.347, and r=0.357, resp.), and FVC∆ was correlated with WHR in male patients (p=0.018, r=397). Conclusions. Our data suggested that diagnostic CA using iodixanol, an iso-osmolar contrast media, leads significant impairment in respiratory functions. Due to the persistence of these reductions even 2 hours after CA, ventilatory functions should be considered especially in patients whose body compositions or hydration levels are not within the desired physiological range.

Objective The effects of urapidil in intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (IR) model were investigated using histopathological and biochemical methods. Materials and methods Forty Wistar albino rats were subjected to sham operation (Group 1), IR (Group 2), IR+dimethyl sulfoxide (Group 3), IR+urapidil 0.5 mg/kg (Group 4), and IR+urapidil 5 mg/kg (Group 5). Levels of MDA, TAS, TOS, SOD, MPO, NF-κB, caspase-3, and LC3B were measured. Results and discussion The groups 2 and 3 had significantly higher TOS and MPO levels than the sham group had (p Conclusion Our results show that urapidil is one of the antioxidant agents and protects lung tissue from oxidant effects of intestinal IR injury.

Aim: Neurodegenerative processes are effective in schizophrenia. However, the underlying causes of the symptoms and associated factors have not yet been fully elucidated. Recent research has focused on the relationship between neurodegeneration and vitamin D, Klotho and homocysteine levels. In this study, we aimed to investigate this relationship in schizophrenia.Method: This study included 30 schizophrenic inpatients, 30 schizophrenic outpatients in remission and 28 healthy volunteers as the control group. The psychiatric diagnoses of our patients were evaluated according to DSM-IV criteria. The Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale were used for clinical measurements. Serum Klotho, homocysteine, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels were analyzed using ELISA and compared with clinical properties.Results: The PANSS scores and CGI scores were higher in schizophrenic inpatients than outpatients, and the GAF scores were lower (p0.05). However, vitamin B12, folic acid and homocysteine levels were higher in schizophrenic patients than the control group (p

Objective: Body mass index (BMI) is used as a basic parameter in assessing obesity. However, BMI is not sensitive in the assessment of body fat percentage (BFP) and body fat distribution (BFD). The aim of this study is to determine the effect of BFP and BFD on the pulmonary functions and compare this effect with BMI. Methods: This study was conducted with a total of 170 volunteers. BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and BFPs of healthy normal weight, overweight, and obese individuals were measured and their pulmonary function tests were statistically compared with each other. Results: There was no significant relationship between BMI increase and pulmonary function test results of the individuals. There were sig nificant correlations between BFP increase and forced expiratory volume (FEV 1 %) and forced expiratory flow between 25% and 75% of FVC (FEF25–75%). In the male patients, FEV 1 % value was negatively correlated with waist circumference. In female patients, WHR was positively correlated with FEV 1 /forced vital capacity (FVC), FEV 1 /FVC%, whereas it was negatively correlated with FEV 1 % values. Conclusion: Because the widely used BMI is incapable of distinguishing BFP and BFD, it can be insufficient for evaluating the lung functi ons.Therefore, determining the body composition is important in the evaluation of obese individuals.

Objective High altitude and hypoxic preconditioning have cardioprotective effects by increasing coronary vascularity, reducing post-ischemic injury, and improving cardiac function. Our purpose was to examine if intermittent hypoxia treatment has any restoring effects related to the possible role of the HIF-1/VEGF pathway on diabetic cardiomyopathy. Methods Wistar Albino male rats (n=34) were divided into four groups: control (C), intermittent hypoxia (IH), diabetes mellitus (DM), and diabetes mellitus plus intermittent hypoxia (DM+IH). Following a streptozotocin (STZ) injection (50 mg/kg, i.p.), blood glucose levels of 250 mg/dL and above were considered as DM. IH and DM+IH groups were exposed to hypoxia 6 h/day for 42 days at a pressure corresponding to 3000 m altitude. Twenty-four hours after the IH protocol, hearts were excised. Hematoxylin and eosin-stained apical parts of the left ventricles were evaluated. Hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1), vascular endothelial growth factor 164 (VEGF164), and VEGF188 polymerase chain reaction products were run in agarose gel electrophoresis. Band density analysis of UV camera images was performed using Image J. The data were compared by one-way ANOVA, repeated measures two-way ANOVA, and the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results The percent weight change was lower in the DM group than in the controls (p=0.004). The tissue injury was the highest in the DM group and the least in the IH group. Diabetes decreased, whereas the IH treatment increased the vascularity. A decrease was observed in the VEGF188 mRNA levels in the DM+IH group compared with the C group, but there were no difference in HIF-1α and VEGF164 mRNA levels between the groups. Conclusion The IH treatment restored the diabetic effects on the heart by reducing tissue injury and increasing the capillarity without transcriptional changes in HIF-1/VEGF correspondingly.

The aim of this study was to investigate seminal oxidant-antioxidant activity in idiopathic and varicocele infertility in men.Total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), paraoxonase (PON1), aryl esterase (ARE), and total thiol levels (TTL) were measured in seminal plasma with an autoanalyzer. The TOS/TAC ratio was determined as the oxidative stress index (OSI). A histopathological evaluation of the sperm was performed in the andrology laboratory of the hospital. Number, motility, morphology, volume, pH, and leukocytes were evaluated in all samples according to World Health Organization criteria. The three study groups were as follows: G1, males with idiopathic infertility; G2, males with varicocele infertility; and G3, normal healthy males (had fathered a child in the last 2 years). Each group was composed of 36 men (age, 25 - 40 years). The Rel Assay Diagnostics kit was used to determine the levels of the parameters. The study was conducted according to the principles of the declaration of Helsinki and was approved by Sakarya University Medicine Faculty Ethic Committee (e.n: 16214662/050.01.04/07). Statistical significance was assumed if p0.05. All statistical evaluations were performed using SPSS (version 20.0 for Windows; SPSS, Inc., Chicago, IL, USA).No differences were detected between the mean values of antioxidant parameters among the three groups (Kruskal-Wallis test). The p-values of the test parameters (TAC, TOS, PON1, ARE, TTL, OSI) are respectively: 0.494, 0.548, 0.068, 0.151, 0.202, 0.873. The antioxidant parameters of all subjects were compared using the MannWhitney U-test in both groups as fertile (G3) and infertile (G1 + G2). The PON1 levels in infertile subjects were significantly higher than those in fertile subjects. There was a statistically significant difference (p = 0.042). The other antioxidant parameters had no statistically significant difference (p0.05). The ARE was not performed in group 3 (control) due to a methodological problem.PON1 levels in infertile subjects were significantly higher than those of fertile subjects.

Background Functions, morphology, distributions, and index of the circulating cells are the most useful parameters that indicate various inflammatory and toxic conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical significance of these parameters in patients diagnosed with (synthetic) cannabis use disorder. Methods This study included a total of 40 patients in the study group (SG) with synthetic cannabis use; and 40 healthy individuals as the control group (CG). Participants, who had hematological disorders and other chronic diseases, were excluded from the study. All hematological parameters of SG were compared with CG. Neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR) values were calculated and compared between groups. Results There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of WBC, MCH, RDW, MCV, MPV, and NEU, LYM%, MONO% parameters (P