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1. The PRIMA Test Facility: SPIDER and MITICA test-beds for ITER neutral beam injectors

Author

V Toigo, R Piovan, S Dal Bello, E Gaio, A Luchetta, R Pasqualotto, P Zaccaria, M Bigi, G Chitarin, D Marcuzzi, N Pomaro, G Serianni, P Agostinetti, M Agostini, V Antoni, D Aprile, C Baltador, M Barbisan, M Battistella, M Boldrin, M Brombin, M Dalla Palma, A De Lorenzi, R Delogu, M De Muri, F Fellin, A Ferro, A Fiorentin, G Gambetta, F Gnesotto, L Grando, P Jain, A Maistrello, G Manduchi, N Marconato, M Moresco, E Ocello, M Pavei, S Peruzzo, N Pilan, A Pimazzoni, M Recchia, A Rizzolo, G Rostagni, E Sartori, M Siragusa, P Sonato, A Sottocornola, E Spada, S Spagnolo, M Spolaore, C Taliercio, M Valente, P Veltri, A Zamengo, B Zaniol, L Zanotto, M Zaupa, D Boilson, J Graceffa, L Svensson, B Schunke, H Decamps, M Urbani, M Kushwah, J Chareyre, M Singh, T Bonicelli, G Agarici, A Garbuglia, A Masiello, F Paolucci, M Simon, L Bailly-Maitre, E Bragulat, G Gomez, D Gutierrez, G Mico, J-F Moreno, V Pilard, M Kashiwagi, M Hanada, H Tobari, K Watanabe, T Maejima, A Kojima, N Umeda, H Yamanaka, A Chakraborty, U Baruah, C Rotti, H Patel, M V Nagaraju, N P Singh, A Patel, H Dhola, B Raval, U Fantz, B Heinemann, W Kraus, S Hanke, V Hauer, S Ochoa, P Blatchford, B Chuilon, Y Xue, H P L De Esch, R Hemsworth, G Croci, G Gorini, M Rebai, A Muraro, M Tardocchi, M Cavenago, M D’Arienzo, S Sandri, and A Tonti

Subjects
ITER, heating neutral beam injector, ITER neutral beam test facility, PRIMA, SPIDER, MITICA, Science, Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF), called PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator), is hosted in Padova, Italy and includes two experiments: MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER heating neutral beam injector, and SPIDER, the full-size radio frequency negative-ions source. The NBTF realization and the exploitation of SPIDER and MITICA have been recognized as necessary to make the future operation of the ITER heating neutral beam injectors efficient and reliable, fundamental to the achievement of thermonuclear-relevant plasma parameters in ITER. This paper reports on design and R&D carried out to construct PRIMA, SPIDER and MITICA, and highlights the huge progress made in just a few years, from the signature of the agreement for the NBTF realization in 2011, up to now—when the buildings and relevant infrastructures have been completed, SPIDER is entering the integrated commissioning phase and the procurements of several MITICA components are at a well advanced stage.

Published
2017
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2. SPIDER, the Negative Ion Source Prototype for ITER: Overview of Operations and Cesium Injection

Author

G. Serianni, E. Sartori, R. Agnello, M. Agostini, M. Barbisan, M. Bigi, M. Boldrin, M. Brombin, V. Candeloro, R. Casagrande, S. Dal Bello, M. Dan, B. P. Duteil, M. Fadone, L. Grando, P. Jain, A. Maistrello, I. Mario, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, A. Rizzolo, A. Shepherd, M. Ugoletti, P. Veltri, B. Zaniol, P. Agostinetti, D. Aprile, G. Berton, C. Cavallini, R. Cavazzana, M. Cavenago, G. Chitarin, S. Cristofaro, G. Croci, N. Cruz, M. Dalla Palma, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, M. De Nardi, S. Denizeau, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, E. Gaio, C. Gasparrini, A. Luchetta, F. Lunardon, G. Manduchi, N. Marconato, D. Marcuzzi, O. McCormack, R. Milazzo, A. Muraro, T. Patton, N. Pilan, M. Recchia, A. Rigoni-Garola, F. Santoro, B. Segalini, M. Siragusa, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, P. Zaccaria, R. Zagorski, L. Zanotto, M. Zaupa, M. Zuin, V. Toigo, Serianni, G, Sartori, E, Agnello, R, Agostini, M, Barbisan, M, Bigi, M, Boldrin, M, Brombin, M, Candeloro, V, Casagrande, R, Bello, S, Dan, M, Duteil, B, Fadone, M, Grando, L, Jain, P, Maistrello, A, Mario, I, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Rizzolo, A, Shepherd, A, Ugoletti, M, Veltri, P, Zaniol, B, Agostinetti, P, Aprile, D, Berton, G, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cavenago, M, Chitarin, G, Cristofaro, S, Croci, G, Cruz, N, Palma, M, Delogu, R, Muri, M, Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Luchetta, A, Lunardon, F, Manduchi, G, Marconato, N, Marcuzzi, D, Mccormack, O, Milazzo, R, Muraro, A, Patton, T, Pilan, N, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Santoro, F, Segalini, B, Siragusa, M, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zanotto, L, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, and Toigo, V

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, negative ion generation, RF plasma, Particle beam injection, Beam acceleration, Plasmas, Radio frequency, Cesium, Prototypes, Condensed Matter Physics, Electrodes, Particle beams
Abstract

An overview of the recent operations and the main results of cesium injection in the Source for the Production of Ions of Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma (SPIDER) negative ion source are described in this contribution. In experiments without cesium injection, all SPIDER plants were tested to verify the basic expectations on the operational parameters (e.g., electron cooling effectiveness of magnetic filter field) and to determine its operational region. For beam properties, it was shown that the current density varies across the beam in the vertical direction. In preliminary cesium experiments, the expected increase of negative ion current and simultaneous decrease of co-extracted electrons were found, along with the influence of the control parameters (polarization of the plasma electrodes, magnetic filter field) on the SPIDER beam uniformity in the horizontal and vertical directions. It was shown that non-Gaussian tails can be identified in the angular distribution on the plane perpendicular to the beam propagation direction. Stray particles, nonhomogeneous beam and large divergence might result in unexpected heat and particle loads over ITER neutral beam injector (NBI) accelerator grids; it is the goal of SPIDER to assess and possibly to identify suitable methods for controlling these beam features. A major shutdown, planned for late 2021, to solve the issues identified during the operation and to carry out scheduled modifications, is outlined. Such improvements are expected to allow SPIDER to pursue the ITER requirements in terms of negative ion current, electron-to-ion ratio, and beam duration.

Published
2023
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3. Characterization of X-Ray Events in a Vacuum High Voltage Long-Gap Experiment

Author

S. Spagnolo, N. Pilan, A. De Lorenzi, C. L. Fontana, O. McCormack, A. Muraro, G. Croci, R. Gobbo, G. Gorini, G. Grosso, M. Fincato, L. Lotto, E. Martines, F. Pino, D. Rigamonti, F. Rossetto, E. Spada, M. Tardocchi, M. Zuin, Spagnolo, S, Pilan, N, De Lorenzi, A, Fontana, C, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Croci, G, Gobbo, R, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Fincato, M, Lotto, L, Martines, E, Pino, F, Rigamonti, D, Rossetto, F, Spada, E, Tardocchi, M, and Zuin, M

Subjects
X-ray spectra, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, vacuum breakdown (BD), Large gap, voltage holding, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

The high voltage Padova test facility (HVPTF) is an experimental device for the study of HV insulation in vacuum, in support of the realization of the prototype of a neutral beam injector for International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER), named megavolt ITER injector and concept advancement (MITICA). The facility investigates the physical phenomena underlying voltage holding in vacuum, in particular the mechanisms causing breakdowns and the electrode conditioning process. At HVPTF, inside a high vacuum chamber, two stainless steel electrodes, separated by a few centimeters gap, can achieve HV values for a maximum potential difference of 800 kV. During the voltage conditioning of the electrodes, current MicroDischarges (MDs) and high-energy X-rays are observed and analyzed. In this work, we present a characterization of the MD dynamics occurring during the conditioning process, with the aim to gain information on the reason of the growing difference between the current contributions measured by the two electrodes. The analysis will be performed due to two new X-rays detectors recently installed: an lutetium yttrium orthosilicate (LYSO) and a LaBr3(Ce) scintillating crystal. The new diagnostics indeed provide the fine dynamics of a single MD, recording energy and time of each single detected X-ray. In particular, we compare the MD dynamics at the beginning and at the end of the conditioning process and try to give a preliminary interpretation of the observations.

Published
2022
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5. Conceptual design of a GEM (gas electron multiplier) based gas Cherenkov detector for measurement of 17 MeV gamma rays from T(D, γ)5He in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas

Author

O. Putignano, G. Croci, A. Muraro, S. Cancelli, F. Caruggi, G. Gorini, G. Grosso, M. H. Kushoro, G. Marcer, M. Nocente, E. Perelli Cippo, M. Rebai, D. Rigamonti, M. Tardocchi, Putignano, O, Croci, G, Muraro, A, Cancelli, S, Caruggi, F, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Kushoro, M, Marcer, G, Nocente, M, Cippo, E, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, and Tardocchi, M

Subjects
Cherenkov detector, Gas Electron Multiplier, Instrumentation
Abstract

The only method for assessing the fusion power throughput of a deuterium–tritium (DT) reactor presently relies on determining the absolute number of 14 MeV neutrons produced in the DT plasma. An independent method, developed and investigated during the recent DT campaign at the Joint European Torus, is based on the absolute counting of 17 MeV gamma rays produced by the competing T(D, γ)5He reaction that features a very weak branching ratio (about 3–6 × 10−6) when compared to the main T(D, n)4He reaction. The state-of-the-art spectrometer used for gamma-ray measurements in magnetic confinement fusion plasmas is LaBr3(Ce) scintillator detectors, although they require significant neutron shielding to extract a relatively weak gamma-ray signal from a much more abundant neutron field. A better approach relies on a gamma-ray detector that is intrinsically insensitive to neutrons. We have advanced the design of a gamma-ray counter based on the Cherenkov effect for gamma-rays whose energy exceeds 11 MeV, optimized to work in the neutron-rich environment of a steady-state, magnetically confined fusion plasma device. The gamma-rays interact with an aluminum window and extract electrons that move into the radiator emitting photons via the Cherenkov effect. Since the Cherenkov light consists of few photons (25 on average) in the far UV band (100–200 nm), a pre-amplifier is required to transport the photons to the neutron-shielded location, which may be a few meters away, where the readout elements of the detector, either a silicon or standard photomultiplier tube, are placed. The present work focuses on the development of a scintillating GEM (Gas Electron Multiplier) based pre-amplifier that acts as a Cherenkov photon pre-amplifier and wavelength shifter. This paper presents the result of a set of Garfield++ simulations developed to find the optimal GEM working parameters. A photon gain of 100 is obtained by biasing a single GEM foil to 1 kV.

Published
2023

6. Lessons learned after three years of SPIDER operation and the first MITICA integrated tests

Author

D. Marcuzzi, V. Toigo, M. Boldrin, G. Chitarin, S. Dal Bello, L. Grando, A. Luchetta, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, G. Serianni, L. Zanotto, R. Agnello, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, D. Aprile, M. Barbisan, M. Battistella, G. Berton, M. Bigi, M. Brombin, V. Candela, V. Candeloro, A. Canton, R. Casagrande, C. Cavallini, R. Cavazzana, L. Cordaro, N. Cruz, M. Dalla Palma, M. Dan, A. De Lorenzi, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, M. De Nardi, S. Denizeau, M. Fadone, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, E. Gaio, C. Gasparrini, F. Gnesotto, P. Jain, A. La Rosa, D. Lopez-Bruna, R. Lorenzini, A. Maistrello, G. Manduchi, S. Manfrin, N. Marconato, I. Mario, G. Martini, R. Milazzo, T. Patton, S. Peruzzo, N. Pilan, A. Pimazzoni, C. Poggi, N. Pomaro, B. Pouradier-Duteil, M. Recchia, A. Rigoni-Garola, D. Rizzetto, A. Rizzolo, F. Santoro, E. Sartori, B. Segalini, A. Shepherd, M. Siragusa, P. Sonato, A. Sottocornola, E. Spada, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, P. Tinti, P. Tomsič, L. Trevisan, M. Ugoletti, M. Valente, M. Valisa, F. Veronese, M. Vignando, P. Zaccaria, R. Zagorski, B. Zaniol, M. Zaupa, M. Zuin, M. Cavenago, D. Boilson, C. Rotti, H. Decamps, F. Geli, A. Sharma, P. Veltri, J. Zacks, M. Simon, F. Paolucci, A. Garbuglia, D. Gutierrez, A. Masiello, G. Mico, C. Labate, P. Readman, E. Bragulat, L. Bailly-Maitre, G. Gomez, G. Kouzmenko, F. Albajar, M. Kashiwagi, H. Tobari, A. Kojima, M. Murayama, S. Hatakeyama, E. Oshita, T. Maejima, N. Shibata, Y. Yamashita, K. Watanabe, N.P. Singh, M.J. Singh, H. Dhola, U. Fantz, B. Heinemann, C. Wimmer, D. Wünderlich, K. Tsumori, G. Croci, G. Gorini, A. Muraro, M. Rebai, M. Tardocchi, L. Giacomelli, D. Rigamonti, F. Taccogna, D. Bruno, M. Rutigliano, S. Longo, S. Deambrosis, E. Miorin, F. Montagner, A. Tonti, F. Panin, Marcuzzi, D, Toigo, V, Boldrin, M, Chitarin, G, Dal Bello, S, Grando, L, Luchetta, A, Pasqualotto, R, Pavei, M, Serianni, G, Zanotto, L, Agnello, R, Agostinetti, P, Agostini, M, Aprile, D, Barbisan, M, Battistella, M, Berton, G, Bigi, M, Brombin, M, Candela, V, Candeloro, V, Canton, A, Casagrande, R, Cavallini, C, Cavazzana, R, Cordaro, L, Cruz, N, Dalla Palma, M, Dan, M, De Lorenzi, A, Delogu, R, De Muri, M, De Nardi, M, Denizeau, S, Fadone, M, Fellin, F, Ferro, A, Gaio, E, Gasparrini, C, Gnesotto, F, Jain, P, La Rosa, A, Lopez-Bruna, D, Lorenzini, R, Maistrello, A, Manduchi, G, Manfrin, S, Marconato, N, Mario, I, Martini, G, Milazzo, R, Patton, T, Peruzzo, S, Pilan, N, Pimazzoni, A, Poggi, C, Pomaro, N, Pouradier-Duteil, B, Recchia, M, Rigoni-Garola, A, Rizzetto, D, Rizzolo, A, Santoro, F, Sartori, E, Segalini, B, Shepherd, A, Siragusa, M, Sonato, P, Sottocornola, A, Spada, E, Spagnolo, S, Spolaore, M, Taliercio, C, Tinti, P, Tomsic, P, Trevisan, L, Ugoletti, M, Valente, M, Valisa, M, Veronese, F, Vignando, M, Zaccaria, P, Zagorski, R, Zaniol, B, Zaupa, M, Zuin, M, Cavenago, M, Boilson, D, Rotti, C, Decamps, H, Geli, F, Sharma, A, Veltri, P, Zacks, J, Simon, M, Paolucci, F, Garbuglia, A, Gutierrez, D, Masiello, A, Mico, G, Labate, C, Readman, P, Bragulat, E, Bailly-Maitre, L, Gomez, G, Kouzmenko, G, Albajar, F, Kashiwagi, M, Tobari, H, Kojima, A, Murayama, M, Hatakeyama, S, Oshita, E, Maejima, T, Shibata, N, Yamashita, Y, Watanabe, K, Singh, N, Singh, M, Dhola, H, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Wimmer, C, Wunderlich, D, Tsumori, K, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Rigamonti, D, Taccogna, F, Bruno, D, Rutigliano, M, Longo, S, Deambrosis, S, Miorin, E, Montagner, F, Tonti, A, and Panin, F

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), iter, Mechanical Engineering, FOS: Physical sciences, nbtf, neutral beam injector, mitica, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Physics - Accelerator Physics, General Materials Science, spider, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract

ITER envisages the use of two heating neutral beam injectors plus an optional one as part of the auxiliary heating and current drive system, to reach the desired performances during its various phases of operation. The 16.5 MW expected neutral beam power per injector is several notches higher than worldwide existing facilities.In order to enable such development, a Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) was established at Consorzio RFX, exploiting the synergy of two test beds, called SPIDER and MITICA. SPIDER is dedicated developing and char-acterizing large efficient negative ion sources at relevant parameters in ITER-like conditions: source and accel-erator located in the same vacuum where the beam propagates, immunity to electromagnetic interferences of multiple radio-frequency (RF) antennas, avoidance of RF-induced discharges on the outside of the source. Three years of experiments on SPIDER have addressed to the necessary design modifications to enable full perfor-mances. The source is presently under a long shut-down phase to incorporate learnings from the experimental campaign, in particular events/issues occurred during operation, which led to the identification of improvement opportunities/necessities (e.g. RF discharges, local burns, water leaks, other damages, configuration/design upgrades to maximize chances/margin to quest target parameters).Parallelly, developments on MITICA, the full-scale prototype of the ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI) featuring a 1 MV accelerator and ion neutralization, are underway including manufacturing of the beam source, accel-erator and the beam line components, while power supplies and auxiliary plants, already installed, are under final testing and commissioning.Integration, commissioning and tests of the 1 MV power supplies are essential for this first-of-kind system, unparalleled both in research and industry field. 1.2 MV dc insulating tests of high voltage components were successfully completed. The integrated test to confirm 1 MV output by combining invertor systems, DC gener-ators and transmission lines extracted errors/accidents in some components. To realize a concrete system for ITER, said events have been addressed and solutions for the repair and the improvement of the system were developed.Hence, NBTF is emerging as a necessary facility, due to the large gap with existing injectors, effectively dedicated to identify issues and find solutions to enable successful ITER NBI operations in a time bound fashion. The lessons learned during the implementation on NBTF and future perspectives are here discussed.

Published
2023
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7. Analytical and MonteCarlo approaches to infer the total gamma ray emission from the JET tokamak

Author

G. Marcer, A. Zohar, A. Dal Molin, D. Rigamonti, M. Rebai, M. Nocente, E. Panontin, G. Croci, G. Gorini, G. Grosso, A. Muraro, E. Perelli Cippo, O. Putignano, E. de la Luna, Z. Ghani, S. Conroy, J. Garcia, Y. Kazakov, V. Kiptily, M. Maslov, M.F.F. Nave, J. Ongena, and M. Tardocchi

Subjects
Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

A single gamma-ray spectrometer installed at the end of a collimator can be used to infer the total emission from a tokamak plasma if the transport of gamma-rays from the plasma to the detector is known. In such analysis, the plasma emission profile plays a fundamental role, since it impacts the fraction of plasma volume intercepted by the detector line of sight. In this work, the DT 17 MeV fusion gamma-rays emission profile of the JET discharge #99608 from second 46 to 48 has been estimated both with the TRANSP code and reconstructed through tomographic inversion based on the neutron camera data, assuming that fusion gamma-rays have the same profile as the 14 MeV fusion neutrons. The gamma-ray transport has been evaluated both by MonteCarlo simulations and analytical calculations. By combining MonteCarlo and analytical evaluations of the gamma-ray transport in different ways with the estimated radiation emission profile, we provide four different routes to determine the total gamma-ray yield from measurements whose results agree within better than 10%.

Published
2023
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8. Characterisation of N2-GEM: a beam monitor based on Ar-N2 gas mixture

Author

S. Cancelli, H. Alimagno, A. Muraro, E. Perelli Cippo, F. Caruggi, G. Grosso, G. Gorini, M.H. Kushoro, G. Marcer, O. Putignano, J. Scionti, M. Tardocchi, and G. Croci

Subjects
Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

The gas recycle is nowadays an important issue for gaseous detectors operation under study and for this reason, scientists are testing new gas systems for GEM detectors. Since some gas purifier does not allow to use oxygen, the standard Ar-CO2 (70%–30%) cannot be used; thus, new gas mixtures are under investigation. This paper presents the study of a triple GEM detector filled with new gas mixture based on Argon and Nitrogen (Ar-N2) at different concentrations: 90%–10%, 80%–20% and 70%–30%. The GEM detector characterisation has provided the High Voltage working point for the gas mixtures and a comparison between the Ar-CO2 and the Ar-N2.

Published
2023
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9. Progress from ASDEX Upgrade experiments in preparing the physics basis of ITER operation and DEMO scenario development

Author

U. Stroth, D. Aguiam, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, R. Arredondo Parra, V. Artigues, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon-Navarro, K. Behler, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, C. Bruhn, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megias, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, A. Czarnecka, I. Cziegler, O. D’Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, S. Denk, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, J.J. Dominguez Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, A. Drenik, M. Dreval, R. Drube, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, K. Engelhardt, B. Erdös, I. Erofeev, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, S. Fietz, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, M. Garcia Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, S. Gibson, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, G. Haas, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, T. Ilkei, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, F. Janky, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, S. Kálvin, M. Kantor, A. Kappatou, O. Kardaun, J. Karhunen, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, O. Kudlacek, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, A. Lohs, Z. Lu, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, P. Manas, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, A. Martitsch, F. Matos, M. Mayer, M.-L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, R. Merkel, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, H. Meyer, D. Milanesio, P. Molina Cabrera, F. Monaco, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, A. Nemes-Czopf, G. Neu, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, J.-M. Noterdaeme, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, M. Oberkofler, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, F. Orain, F. Palermo, O. Pan, G. Papp, I. Paradela Perez, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, P. Petersson, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöck, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, L. Porte, T. Pütterich, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, T. Ribeiro, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, D. Rittich, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, A. Ross, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, K. Schlüter, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, E. Seliunin, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, E. Smigelskis, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, J. Stober, E. Strumberge, G. Suarez Lopez, H.-J. Sun, W. Suttrop, E. Sytova, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, E. Trier, M. Tripský, M. Usoltceva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, G. Verdoolaege, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, M. Zilker, A. Zito, H. Zohm, S. Zoletnik, the EUROfusion MST1 Team, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP), Institut de Recherche sur la Fusion par confinement Magnétique (IRFM), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EUROfusion MST1 Team, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Stroth, U, Aguiam, D, Alessi, E, Angioni, C, Arden, N, Parra, R, Artigues, V, Asunta, O, Balden, M, Bandaru, V, Banon-Navarro, A, Behler, K, Bergmann, A, Bergmann, M, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Biancalani, A, Bielajew, R, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Blanken, T, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Body, T, Bolzonella, T, Bonanomi, N, Bortolon, A, Boswirth, B, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Van Den Brand, H, Brenzke, M, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Bruhn, C, Buchanan, J, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Camenen, Y, Cannas, B, Megias, P, Carlton, D, Carr, M, Carvalho, P, Castaldo, C, Cavedon, M, Cazzaniga, C, Challis, C, Chankin, A, Cianfarani, C, Clairet, F, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Costea, S, Coster, D, Cote, T, Creely, A, Croci, G, Zabala, D, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Cziegler, I, D'Arcangelo, O, Molin, A, David, P, Day, C, De Baar, M, De Marne, P, Delogu, R, Denk, S, Denner, P, Di Siena, A, Palacios Duran, J, Dunai, D, Drenik, A, Dreval, M, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Elgeti, S, Encheva, A, Engelhardt, K, Erdos, B, Erofeev, I, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fantz, U, Farnik, M, Faugel, H, Felici, F, Ficker, O, Fietz, S, Figueredo, A, Fischer, R, Ford, O, Frassinetti, L, Froschle, M, Fuchert, G, Fuchs, J, Funfgelder, H, Futatani, S, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Escola, D, Gallo, A, Gao, Y, Garavaglia, S, Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Gibson, S, Gil, L, Giovannozzi, E, Gloggler, S, Gobbin, M, Martin, J, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gorler, T, Gradic, D, Granucci, G, Grater, A, Greuner, H, Griener, M, Groth, M, Gude, A, Guimarais, L, Gunter, S, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Den Harder, N, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Hauer, V, Hayward-Schneider, T, Heinemann, B, Hellsten, T, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Herrmann, A, Heyn, E, Hitzler, F, Hobirk, J, Hofler, K, Holm, J, Holzl, M, Hopf, C, Horvath, L, Hoschen, T, Houben, A, Hubbard, A, Huber, A, Hunger, K, Igochine, V, Iliasova, M, Ilkei, T, Bjork, K, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacob, W, Jaksic, N, Janky, F, Jansen Van Vuuren, A, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Joffrin, E, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kantor, M, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Karhunen, J, Kasemann, C, Kasilov, S, Kendl, A, Kernbichler, W, Khilkevitch, E, Kirk, A, Hansen, S, Klevarova, V, Kocsis, G, Koleva, M, Komm, M, Kong, M, Kramer-Flecken, A, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kudlacek, O, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Labit, B, Lackner, K, Laggner, F, Lahtinen, A, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Leuthold, N, Li, L, Likonen, J, Linder, O, Lipschultz, B, Liu, Y, Lohs, A, Lu, Z, Luda Di Cortemiglia, T, Luhmann, N, Lunt, T, Lyssoivan, A, Maceina, T, Madsen, J, Magnanimo, A, Maier, H, Mailloux, J, Maingi, R, Maj, O, Maljaars, E, Manas, P, Mancini, A, Manhard, A, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Marchetto, C, Marrelli, L, Martin, P, Martitsch, A, Matos, F, Mayer, M, Mayoral, M, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Merkel, R, Merle, A, Meshcheriakov, D, Meyer, H, Milanesio, D, Cabrera, P, Monaco, F, Muraca, M, Nabais, F, Naulin, V, Nazikian, R, Nem, R, Nemes-Czopf, A, Neu, G, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nishizawa, T, Nocente, M, Noterdaeme, J, Novikau, I, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Ochoukov, R, Olsen, J, Orain, F, Palermo, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Perez, I, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Paz-Soldan, C, Petersson, P, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Plank, U, Plaum, B, Plock, B, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Porte, L, Putterich, T, Ramisch, M, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Raupp, G, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Reiser, D, Reisner, M, Reiter, D, Ribeiro, T, Riedl, R, Riesch, J, Rittich, D, Rodriguez, J, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Fernandez, P, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Ronchi, G, Ross, A, Rott, M, Rubel, M, Ryan, D, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Samoylov, O, Sanchez, L, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Schall, G, Schluter, K, Schmid, K, Schmitz, O, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schuster, C, Schwarz-Selinger, T, Schweinzer, J, Seliunin, E, Shabbir, A, Shalpegin, A, Sharapov, S, Sheikh, U, Shevelev, A, Sias, G, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silvagni, D, Simpson, J, Sipila, S, Smigelskis, E, Snicker, A, Solano, E, Sommariva, C, Sozzi, C, Spizzo, G, Spolaore, M, Stegmeir, A, Stejner, M, Stober, J, Strumberge, E, Lopez, G, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Sytova, E, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Terranova, D, Teschke, M, Thoren, E, Tierens, W, Told, D, Treutterer, W, Trevisan, G, Trier, E, Tripsky, M, Usoltceva, M, Valisa, M, Valovic, M, Van Zeeland, M, Vannini, F, Vanovac, B, Varela, P, Varoutis, S, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Verdoolaege, G, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Voitsekhovitch, I, Von Toussaint, U, Wagner, D, Wang, X, Weiland, M, White, A, Willensdorfer, M, Wiringer, B, Wischmeier, M, Wolf, R, Wolfrum, E, Yang, Q, Yu, Q, Zagorski, R, Zammuto, I, Zehetbauer, T, Zhang, W, Zholobenko, W, Zilker, M, Zito, A, Zohm, H, and Zoletnik, S

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Asdex Upgrade, confinement, ELLM-free discharges, sol, Computer science, Nuclear engineering, ALCATOR C-MOD, UPPER DIVERTOR, ASDEX Upgrade, Physics::Plasma Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], Simulació per ordinador, alcator c-mod, ddc:530, upper divertor, ELLM-free discharge, SOL, Basis (linear algebra), Physics, turbulence, transition, h-mode plasmas, Condensed Matter Physics, ddc, Informàtica::Aplicacions de la informàtica::Aplicacions informàtiques a la física i l‘enginyeria [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Fusion reactors, Physics and Astronomy, CONFINEMENT MODES, H-MODE PLASMAS, Physics::Space Physics, Nuclear fusion, TURBULENCE, ddc:620, confinement modes, TRANSITION
Abstract

An overview of recent results obtained at the tokamak ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) is given. A work flow for predictive profile modelling of AUG discharges was established which is able to reproduce experimental H-mode plasma profiles based on engineering parameters only. In the plasma center, theoretical predictions on plasma current redistribution by a dynamo effect were confirmed experimentally. For core transport, the stabilizing effect of fast ion distributions on turbulent transport is shown to be important to explain the core isotope effect and improves the description of hollow low-Z impurity profiles. The L–H power threshold of hydrogen plasmas is not affected by small helium admixtures and it increases continuously from the deuterium to the hydrogen level when the hydrogen concentration is raised from 0 to 100%. One focus of recent campaigns was the search for a fusion relevant integrated plasma scenario without large edge localised modes (ELMs). Results from six different ELM-free confinement regimes are compared with respect to reactor relevance: ELM suppression by magnetic perturbation coils could be attributed to toroidally asymmetric turbulent fluctuations in the vicinity of the separatrix. Stable improved confinement mode plasma phases with a detached inner divertor were obtained using a feedback control of the plasma β. The enhanced Dα H-mode regime was extended to higher heating power by feedback controlled radiative cooling with argon. The quasi-coherent exhaust regime was developed into an integrated scenario at high heating power and energy confinement, with a detached divertor and without large ELMs. Small ELMs close to the separatrix lead to peeling-ballooning stability and quasi continuous power exhaust. Helium beam density fluctuation measurements confirm that transport close to the separatrix is important to achieve the different ELM-free regimes. Based on separatrix plasma parameters and interchange-drift-Alfvén turbulence, an analytic model was derived that reproduces the experimentally found important operational boundaries of the density limit and between L- and H-mode confinement. Feedback control for the X-point radiator (XPR) position was established as an important element for divertor detachment control. Stable and detached ELM-free phases with H-mode confinement quality were obtained when the XPR was moved 10 cm above the X-point. Investigations of the plasma in the future flexible snow-flake divertor of AUG by means of first SOLPS-ITER simulations with drifts activated predict beneficial detachment properties and the activation of an additional strike point by the drifts. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under Grant Agreement No. 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. Peer Reviewed "Article signat per més de 50 autors/es: U. Stroth, D. Aguiam, E. Alessi, C. Angioni, N. Arden, R. Arredondo Parra, V. Artigues, O. Asunta, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, A. Banon-Navarro, K. Behler, A. Bergmann, M. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bielajew, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, T. Body, T. Bolzonella, N. Bonanomi, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, M. Brenzke, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, C. Bruhn, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, B. Cannas, P. Cano Megias, D. Carlton, M. Carr, P. Carvalho, C. Castaldo, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, C. Challis, A. Chankin, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G. Conway, S. Costea, D. Coster, T. Cote, A.J. Creely, G. Croci, D.J. Cruz Zabala, G. Cseh, A. Czarnecka, I. Cziegler, O. D'Arcangelo, A. Dal Molin, P. David, C. Day, M. de Baar, P. de Marné, R. Delogu, S. Denk, P. Denner, A. Di Siena, J.J. Dominguez Palacios Durán, D. Dunai, A. Drenik, M. Dreval, R. Drube, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, A. Encheva, K. Engelhardt, B. Erdös, I. Erofeev, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, U. Fantz, M. Farnik, H. Faugel, F. Felici, O. Ficker, S. Fietz, A. Figueredo, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, S. Futatani, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, D. Gallart Escolà, A. Gallo10, Y. Gao11, S. Garavaglia3, M. Garcia Muñoz16, B. Geiger21, L. Giannone1, S. Gibson32, L. Gil2, E. Giovannozzi18, S. Glöggler1, M. Gobbin8, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, T. Görler, D. Gradic, G. Granucci, A. Gräter, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, A. Gude, L. Guimarais, S. Günter, G. Haas, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Heinemann, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, A. Herrmann, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, J.H. Holm, M. Hölzl, C. Hopf, L. Horvath, T. Höschen, A. Houben, A. Hubbard, A. Huber, K. Hunger, V. Igochine, M. Iliasova, T. Ilkei, K. Insulander Björk, C. Ionita-Schrittwieser, I. Ivanova-Stanik, W. Jacob, N. Jaksic, F. Janky, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, A. Kallenbach, S. Kálvin, M. Kantor, A. Kappatou, O. Kardaun, J. Karhunen4, C.-P. Käsemann, S. Kasilov, A. Kendl, W. Kernbichler, E. Khilkevitch, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, G. Kocsis, M. Koleva, M. Komm, M. Kong, A. Krämer-Flecken, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, O. Kudlacek, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, A. Lahtinen, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, N. Leuthold, L. Li, J. Likonen, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, Y. Liu, A. Lohs, Z. Lu, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, A. Magnanimo, H. Maier, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, O. Maj, E. Maljaars, P. Manas, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Marchetto, L. Marrelli, P. Martin, A. Martitsch, F. Matos, M. Mayer, M.-L. Mayoral, D. Mazon, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, R. Merkel, A. Merle, D. Meshcheriakov, H. Meyer, D. Milanesio, P. Molina Cabrera, F. Monaco, M. Muraca, F. Nabais, V. Naulin, R. Nazikian, R.D. Nem, A. Nemes-Czopf, G. Neu, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, T. Nishizawa, M. Nocente, J.-M. Noterdaeme, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, M. Oberkofler, R. Ochoukov, J. Olsen, F. Orain, F. Palermo, O. Pan, G. Papp, I. Paradela Perez, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, C. Paz-Soldan, P. Petersson, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Plöck, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, L. Porte, T. Pütterich, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G. Ratta, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, D. Réfy, M. Reich1, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, M. Reisner, D. Reiter, T. Ribeiro, R. Riedl, J. Riesch, D. Rittich, J.F. Rivero Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, P. Rodriguez-Fernandez, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, V. Rohde, G. Ronchi, A. Ross, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D.A. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, O. Samoylov, L. Sanchis Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, G. Schall, K. Schlüter, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, C. Schuster, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, E. Seliunin, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, S. Sharapov, U. Sheikh, A. Shevelev, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, J. Simpson, S. Sipilä, E. Smigelskis, A. Snicker, E. Solano, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, G. Spizzo, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, J. Stober, E. Strumberge1, G. Suarez Lopez, H.-J. Sun, W. Suttrop, E. Sytova, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, D. Terranova, M. Teschke, E. Thorén, W. Tierens, D. Told, W. Treutterer, G. Trevisan, E. Trier, M. Tripský, M. Usoltceva, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, M. van Zeeland, F. Vannini, B. Vanovac, P. Varela, S. Varoutis, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, G. Verdoolaege, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, I. Voitsekhovitch, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, X. Wang, M. Weiland, A.E. White, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, Q. Yang, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, T. Zehetbauer, W. Zhang, W. Zholobenko, M. Zilker, A. Zito, H. Zohm, S. Zoletnik and the EUROfusion MST1 Team "

Published
2022
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10. Electronic readout characterisation of a new soft X-ray diagnostic for burning plasma

Author

S. Cancelli, A. Muraro, E. Perelli Cippo, A. Abba, G. Corradi, G. Grosso, G. Gorini, M.H. Kushoro, F. Murtas, O. Putignano, J. Scionti, D. Tagnani, M. Tardocchi, G. Croci, Cancelli, S, Muraro, A, Perelli Cippo, E, Abba, A, Corradi, G, Grosso, G, Gorini, G, Kushoro, M, Murtas, F, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Tagnani, D, Tardocchi, M, and Croci, G

Subjects
X-ray detector, Gaseous detector, Micropattern gaseous detectors (MSGC, GEM, THGEM, RETHGEM, MHSP, MICROPIC, MICROMEGAS, InGrid, etc.), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

In fusion plasma scenario, soft X-rays are important tools to study impurities inside plasma. However state-of-the-art silicon detectors cannot survive for long time to the heavy damages due to harsh conditions in tokamaks. GEM detectors are a good alternative thanks to their resilience to radiation damage. In this paper, a GEM detector coupled with new dedicated electronic readout based on GEMINI chip is described. In particular, the detector response has been studied comparing the well established PH method and the ToT method implemented in GEMINI. The results indicate the possibility of using this electronic readout to do soft X-ray spectroscopy measurements in the energy range up to about 10–20 keV.

Published
2022

11. Characterization of X-ray Events for a Vacuum High Voltage Holding Experiment

Author

G. Gobbo, A. Muraro, M. Zuin, M. Fincato, L. Lotto, F. Rossetto, Marco Tardocchi, O. McCormack, Felix Pino, C.L. Fontana, Silvia Spagnolo, E. Spada, Giovanni Grosso, D. Rigamonti, G. Gorini, Emilio Martines, G. Croci, A. De Lorenzi, Nicola Pilan, Spagnolo, S, Pilan, N, de Lorenzi, A, Fontana, C, Mccormack, O, Muraro, A, Croci, G, Gobbo, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Fincato, M, Lotto, L, Martines, E, Pino, F, Rigamonti, D, Rossetto, F, Spada, E, Tardocchi, M, and Zuin, M

Subjects
Photomultiplier, Materials science, business.industry, HVPTF, High Voltage Padova Test Facility, High voltage, Scintillator, Lyso, MITICA, X-rays spectra, large gaps, Optics, X-ray Events, Electrode, Large gap, voltage holding, Breakdown voltage, Vacuum breakdown, Vacuum chamber, business, Voltage
Abstract

The High Voltage Padova Test Facility (HVPTF) is an experimental device for investigating HV insulation in vacuum, in support of the realization of MITICA, the prototype of a neutral beam injector for ITER. The facility investigates the physical phenomena underlying voltage holding in vacuum, such as the mechanisms causing breakdowns and the electrode conditioning process, along with testing technical solutions to increase the breakdown threshold. Inside a high vacuum chamber, two stainless steel electrodes, separated by a few centimetres gap, can achieve HV values up to 400 kV each. The conditioning process consists of the gradual increase of the breakdown voltage in time, until the system achieves a saturation value. Between two consecutive breakdown events, current micro-discharges involving the electrodes are observed; high energy X-rays (up to hundreds of keV) and a global increase of gas emission (in particular H2 and CO2 are detected by the Residual Gas Analyser) are measured in correspondence to the current events. Three new Xrays detectors have been recently installed: a small LYSO (4 × 4 × 20 mm3), a LaBr3 (1" x 3/4") and a thin YAP (1"x 2 mm) scintillating crystals, coupled to photomultipliers. They all are small sized scintillators, with very fast pulses (40-100 ns) in order to minimize pile-up effects during the high intensity discharges. However, the high Z and densities guarantee a full energy absorption of the X-rays (they can measure up to 500 keV), with a significant probability, in spite of the small sizes. Energy resolutions are less than 9%. In this contribution we present a characterization of the micro-discharge dynamics occurring during the conditioning phase, focusing on the new details uncovered via the new diagnostics.

Published
2021
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12. A high-resolution neutron spectroscopic camera for the SPARC tokamak based on the Jet European Torus deuterium–tritium experience

Author

M, Tardocchi, M, Rebai, D, Rigamonti, R A, Tinguely, F, Caruggi, G, Croci, A, Dal Molin, Z, Ghani, L, Giacomelli, M, Girolami, G, Grosso, M, Kushoro, G, Marcer, M, Mastellone, A, Muraro, M, Nocente, E, Perelli Cippo, M, Petruzzo, O, Putignano, J, Scionti, V, Serpente, D M, Trucchi, S, Mackie, A A, Saltos, E, De Marchi, M, Parisi, A, Trotta, E, de la Luna, J, Garcia, Y, Kazakov, M, Maslov, Z, Stancar, G, Gorini, Tardocchi, M, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Tinguely, R, Caruggi, F, Croci, G, Dal Molin, A, Ghani, Z, Giacomelli, L, Girolami, M, Grosso, G, Kushoro, M, Marcer, G, Mastellone, M, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Petruzzo, M, Putignano, O, Scionti, J, Serpente, V, Trucchi, D, Mackie, S, Saltos, A, De Marchi, E, Parisi, M, Trotta, A, de la Luna, E, Garcia, J, Kazakov, Y, Maslov, M, Stancar, Z, and Gorini, G

Subjects
Neutron spectroscopy, neutron camera, Instrumentation
Abstract

Dedicated nuclear diagnostics have been designed, developed, and built within EUROFUSION enhancement programs in the last ten years for installation at the Joint European Torus and capable of operation in high power Deuterium–Tritium (DT) plasmas. The recent DT Experiment campaign, called DTE2, has been successfully carried out in the second half of 2021 and provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the performance of the new nuclear diagnostics and for an understanding of their behavior in the record high 14 MeV neutron yields (up to 4.7 × 1018 n/s) and total number of neutrons (up to 2 × 1019 n) achieved on a tokamak. In this work, we will focus on the 14 MeV high resolution neutron spectrometers based on artificial diamonds which, for the first time, have extensively been used to measure 14 MeV DT neutron spectra with unprecedented energy resolution (Full Width at Half Maximum of ≈1% at 14 MeV). The work will describe their long-term stability and operation over the DTE2 campaign as well as their performance as neutron spectrometers in terms of achieved energy resolution and high rate capability. This important experience will be used to outline the concept of a spectroscopic neutron camera for the SPARC tokamak. The proposed neutron camera will be the first one to feature the dual capability to measure (i) the 2.5 and 14 MeV neutron emissivity profile via the conventional neutron detectors based on liquid or plastics scintillators and (ii) the 14 MeV neutron spectral emission via the use of high-resolution diamond-based spectrometers. The new opportunities opened by the spectroscopic neutron camera to measure plasma parameters will be discussed.

Published
2022
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13. A new dedicated signal processing system for gamma-ray spectrometers in high power deuterium–tritium plasma scenarios in tokamaks

Author

G, Marcer, E, Khilkevitch, A, Shevelev, G, Croci, A, Dal Molin, G, Gorini, G, Grosso, A, Muraro, M, Nocente, E, Perelli Cippo, O, Putignano, M, Rebai, D, Rigamonti, E, de la Luna, J, Garcia, Y, Kazakov, V, Kiptily, M, Maslov, M F F, Nave, J, Ongena, M, Tardocchi, Marcer, G, Khilkevitch, E, Shevelev, A, Croci, G, Dal Molin, A, Gorini, G, Grosso, G, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Putignano, O, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, de la Luna, E, Garcia, J, Kazakov, Y, Kiptily, V, Maslov, M, Nave, M, Ongena, J, and Tardocchi, M

Subjects
Gamma-ray diagnostics, nuclear fusion, Instrumentation
Abstract

The most performant deuterium–tritium (DT) plasma discharges realized by the Joint European Torus (JET) tokamak in the recent DT campaign have produced neutron yields on the order of 1018 n/s. At such high neutron yields, gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements with scintillators are challenging as events from the neutron-induced background often dominate over the signal, leading to a significant fraction of pileup events and instability of the photodetector gain along with the consequent degradation of the reconstructed spectrum. Here, we describe the solutions adopted for the tangential lanthanum bromide spectrometer installed at JET. A data acquisition system with free streaming mode digitization capabilities for the entire duration of the discharge has been used to solve dead-time related issues and a data reconstruction code with pileup recovery and photodetector gain drift restoration has been implemented for off-line analysis of the data. This work focuses on the acquired data storage and parsing, with a detailed explanation of the pileup recovery and gain drift restoration algorithms.

Published
2022
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14. First spatially resolved measurements of the D

Author

E, Panontin, D, Rigamonti, M, Nocente, A, Dal Molin, A, Broslawski, T, Craciunescu, G, Croci, N, Cruz, J, Figueiredo, L, Giacomelli, G, Gorini, M, Gosk, G, Kaveney, Ye O, Kazakov, V, Kiptily, S, Korolczuk, G, Marcer, A, Murari, E, Perelli Cippo, M, Salewski, A, Urban, I, Zychor, and M, Tardocchi

Abstract

The Joint European Torus (JET) gamma-ray camera has been recently upgraded with the installation of new gamma-ray detectors, based on LaBr

Published
2021

15. Comparison of unfolding methods for the inference of runaway electron energy distribution from γ-ray spectroscopic measurements

Author

E. Panontin, A. Dal Molin, M. Nocente, G. Croci, J. Eriksson, L. Giacomelli, G. Gorini, M. Iliasova, E. Khilkevitch, A. Muraro, D. Rigamonti, M. Salewski, J. Scionti, A. Shevelev, M. Tardocchi, Panontin, E, Dal Molin, A, Nocente, M, Croci, G, Eriksson, J, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Iliasova, M, Khilkevitch, E, Muraro, A, Rigamonti, D, Salewski, M, Scionti, J, Shevelev, A, Tardocchi, M, Eurofusion MST1 Team, and ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society

Subjects
Plasma diagnostics - charged-particle spectroscopy, Plasma diagnostics-interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging, Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostics, Plasma diagnostics - interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging, Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostic, Plasma diagnostics-charged-particle spectroscopy, Analysis and statistical methods, Analysis and statistical method, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Unfolding techniques are employed to reconstruct the 1D energy distribution of runaway electrons from Bremsstrahlung hard X-ray spectrum emitted during plasma disruptions in tokamaks. Here we compare four inversion methods: truncated singular value decomposition, which is a linear algebra technique, maximum likelihood expectation maximization, which is an iterative method, and Tikhonov regularization applied to χ 2 and Poisson statistics, which are two minimization approaches. The reconstruction fidelity and the capability of estimating cumulative statistics, such as the mean and maximum energy, have been assessed on both synthetic and experimental spectra. The effect of measurements limitations, such as the low energy cut and few number of counts, on the final reconstruction has also been studied. We find that the iterative method performs best as it better describes the statistics of the experimental data and is more robust to noise in the recorded spectrum.

Published
2021
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16. High rate neutron and gamma ray spectroscopy of magnetic confinement fusion plasmas

Author

G. Kaveney, Marica Rebai, Sean Conroy, A. Urban, Giuseppe Gorini, R. C. Pereira, Ana C. Fernandes, S. Korolczuk, E. Perelli Cippo, Matthias Weiszflog, L. Giacomelli, Jacob Eriksson, A. Dal Molin, E. Panontin, Marco Tardocchi, Sergey Popovichev, I. Zychor, Anders Hjalmarsson, Giovanni Grosso, A. Broslawski, D. Rigamonti, E. Andersson Sundén, Vasily Kiptily, G. Croci, Göran Ericsson, Massimo Nocente, M. Gosk, Andrea Muraro, Tardocchi, M, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Rebai, M, Rigamonti, D, Croci, G, Dal Molin, A, Grosso, G, Panontin, E, Cippo, E, Ericsson, G, Conroy, S, Eriksson, J, Hjalmarsson, A, Sundén, E, Weiszflog, ~, Zychor, I, Broslawski, A, Gosk, M, Korolczuk, S, Urban, A, Fernandes, A, Pereira, R, Kaveney, G, Kiptily, V, and Popovichev, S

Subjects
fast neutrons), Neutron Spectroscopy, Materials science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Diamond Detectors, thermal, Nuclear physics, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Neutron generator, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, HgI etc), High Rate, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Bremsstrahlung, Magnetic confinement fusion, Plasma, Neutron spectroscopy, CZT, Neutron detectors (cold, HPG, Gamma Ray Spectroscopy, Neutron source, Gamma detectors (scintillators
Abstract

An important instrumental development work has been done in the last two decades in the field of neutron and gamma ray spectroscopic measurements of magnetic confinement plasmas. Starting from the present state of the art instrumentation installed at JET, this paper reviews the recent development that has been carried out within the EUROFUSION programme for the forthcoming high power JET D and DT campaign. This development was dedicated to the realization of new compact neutron and gamma-ray spectrometers which combine very high energy resolution (typically better than 5%) and MHz counting rate capabilities allowing for time resolution in the 10 ms time scale. One of the advantages offered by the compact dimensions of these spectrometers is to make possible their use in multiple sight-line camera configurations, such as for future burning plasma reactors (ITER and DEMO). New compact neutron spectrometers based on single crystal diamond detectors have been developed and installed at JET for measurements of the 14 MeV neutron spectrum. Measurements on a portable DT neutron generator have shown that neutron spectroscopy of the accelerated beam ions at unprecedented energy resolution (∼1% at 14 MeV) is possible, which opens up new opportunities for diagnosing DT plasmas. For what concerns gamma ray measurements, the JET gamma ray camera has been recently upgraded with new compact spectrometers based on a LaBr3 scintillator coupled to Silicon Photomultiplier with the dual aim to improve the spectroscopic and rate capabilities of the detectors. The upgrade camera system will reconstruct the spatial gamma ray emissivity from the plasma in the MeV energy range at MHz counting rates and energy resolution in the 2-4% range. This will allow physics studies of gamma rays produced by the interaction of fast ions with impurities in the plasma and bremsstrahlung emission from runaway electrons.

Published
2020
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17. High-rate measurements of the novel BAND-GEM technology for thermal neutron detection at spallation sources

Author

L. Robinson, Marica Rebai, Fabrizio Murtas, Marco Tardocchi, Alain Menelle, Giuseppe Gorini, P.-O. Svensson, Richard Hall-Wilton, S. Schmidt, Giorgia Albani, Giovanni Grosso, Enrico Perelli Cippo, G. Croci, Andrea Muraro, Carina Höglund, Albani, G, Perelli Cippo, E, Croci, G, Muraro, A, Hall-Wilton, R, Hoglund, C, Menelle, A, Grosso, G, Murtas, F, Rebai, M, Robinson, L, Schmidt, S, Svensson, P, Tardocchi, M, and Gorini, G

Subjects
Physics, High rate, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Neutron count, Nuclear engineering, Detector, Linearity, Thermal neutron detection, 01 natural sciences, Thermal Neutron detectors, GEM, Electron multipliers, Neutron detectors, Nuclear reactors, Spalling, 0103 physical sciences, Gas electron multiplier, Spallation, Neutron, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

Thermal neutron detection technologies alternative to 3He, featuring a rate capability matching the high flux expected at the European Spallation Source (ESS), are one of the main present challenges of neutron science. A new thermal neutron detection technology was recently developed named the BAND-GEM, a Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM)-based detector provided with a borated 3D converter to reach high efficiency. In this paper the results of a count rate test performed on the BAND-GEM at the ORPHEE reactor are presented. The results show that the detector can easily reach a neutron count rate of 2 MHz/cm2 while maintaining a good linearity and it is able to reach 8 MHz/cm2 with a measurable loss of linearity η and with no sign of instability.

Published
2020
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18. Silicon Carbide characterization at the n_TOF spallation source with quasi-monoenergetic fast neutrons

Author

Marica Rebai, Andrea Muraro, Annamaria Muoio, Giuseppe Gorini, M. DiCorato, S. Tudisco, F. Mingrone, F. Murtas, Carlo Cazzaniga, D. Rigamonti, C. Altana, F. La Via, Massimo Barbagallo, Marco Tardocchi, M.H. Kushoro, G. Lanzalone, E. Perelli Cippo, G. Croci, Kushoro, M, Rebai, M, Dicorato, M, Rigamonti, D, Altana, C, Cazzaniga, C, Croci, G, Gorini, G, Lanzalone, G, La Via, F, Muoio, A, Muraro, A, Murtas, F, Perelli Cippo, E, Tardocchi, M, Barbagallo, M, Mingrone, F, and Tudisco, S

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Neutron cross sections, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear Theory, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Neutron scattering, Silicon carbide, Pulse height spectrum, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Detection efficiency, Nuclear physics, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Neutron cross section, Response to neutrons, Neutron, Spallation, Solid state detectors, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Silicon carbides (SiC), Instrumentation, Physics, Energy resolutions, Neutrons, Monte Carlo methods, Neutron scattering, Nuclear reactions, Silicon carbide, Silicon detectors, Spalling, Monte Carlo methods, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Neutron temperature, Quasi-monoenergetic, Spalling, chemistry, Silicon detectors, Nuclear reactions, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Silicon Carbide (SiC) is a relatively new entry in the world of solid-state detectors. Although SiC response to neutrons is more complex than the one obtained with diamonds, the measured energy resolution (FWHM/ E d 4 % ) makes SiC an interesting alternative to diamond and silicon detectors for fast neutrons. The results obtained from the measurements of the response of a 100 μ m thick SiC detector to neutrons in the energy range between 3 and 20 MeV at the n_TOF spallation source at CERN are presented in this paper. By selecting the neutron energy by means of the time of flight, the detector response to quasi-mono-energetic neutrons was measured. The main neutron-induced nuclear reactions were identified in the measured pulse height spectrum. Detection efficiency as a function of neutron energy was measured and interpreted based on available neutron cross section and by making use of Monte Carlo simulations.

Published
2020
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19. IMPROVING RESILIENCE TO NUCLEAR AND RADIOLOGICAL THREATS

Author

Mayer Klaus, Janssens Willem, Roberto Senesi, Luetzenkirchen Klaus, G Gorini, G Albani, Caciuffo Roberto, Carla Andreani, Duinslaeger Lily, Casteleyn Karin, Zuleger Evelyn, and G Croci

Subjects
Radiological weapon, Resilience (network), Psychology, Environmental planning
Published
2019
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20. History, observation and mathematical models in the seismic analysis of the Valadier abutment area in the Colosseum

Author

D. D'Ayala, G. Croci, and R. Liburdi

Subjects
Historical records, Roman Colosseum, seismic behaviour, numerical analysis, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999, Geophysics. Cosmic physics, QC801-809
Abstract

The present work aimed to outline the need to investigate different fields of research to interpret the structural behaviour of a monument as complex as the Colosseum. It is shown how defining the numerical models first. then refining them, followed by interpretation of results. is strictly linked with the inforination gathered from historical records and observation of the ~nonumenta s it is today. The study is confined to the area of the Valadier abutment. analysing its state and its seismic behaviour before and after the XIX century restoration using different ilumerical tools, from the elastic modal analysis to the non linear step by step time history direct integration. The procedure comparatiely evaluates the reliability in the interpretation of the results and identifies future lines or research.

Published
1995
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21. OVERVIEW OF PHYSICS STUDIES ON ASDEX UPGRADE

Author

Neville C. Luhmann, J. Mailloux, A. Kappatou, Yann Camenen, R. Arredondo Parra, P. Petersson, G. F. Harrer, I. Gomez Ortiz, E. Giovannozzi, S. S. Henderson, C. Sommariva, Thomas Schwarz-Selinger, G. Fuchert, Christopher G. Albert, P. Piovesan, A. Herrmann, C. Piron, Robert Lunsford, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, L. Xiang, Carlo Cazzaniga, A. Burckhart, B. Kurzan, Bernhard Ploeckl, G. Kocsis, A. Mancini, Benoit Labit, M. Reich, N. den Harder, Faa Federico Felici, M. Oberparleiter, Tamás Szepesi, Sibylle Günter, K. Behler, R. Merkel, Ocleto D'Arcangelo, G. Haas, Alessandro Bortolon, T. B. Cote, E. Trier, P. Simon, A. Gude, Daniele Milanesio, Winfried Kernbichler, Dorothea Gradic, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, G.A. Rattá, G. Croci, O. Tudisco, E. Heyn, M. Groth, J. Gonzalez Martin, Olivier Sauter, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, Massimo Nocente, J. R. Harrison, Martin Heyn, C. Bruhn, C. Ham, L. Shao, M. Schubert, F. Brochard, Yu Gao, Bernd Heinemann, Sandra C. Chapman, Armin Manhard, S. S. Denk, A. Jardin, D. P. Coster, G. Schall, L. Horvath, Alexander Creely, Roman Schrittwieser, Patrick J. McCarthy, C. Castaldo, B. Wiringer, M. J. Mantsinen, Till Höschen, Ph. Lauber, V. Mertens, Anders Nielsen, G. Suarez, M. E. Manso, M. Dibon, S. Wiesen, Mirko Salewski, C. D. Challis, J. Schweinzer, D. Douai, Lorenzo Frassinetti, R. C. Wolf, Mirko Ramisch, P. de Marne, Yueqiang Liu, H. van den Brand, S. Nowak, E. Joffrin, M. Teschke, Karl Schmid, D. Silvagni, L. Giannone, D. I. Refy, E. Wolfrum, M. Sertoli, Chanho Moon, O. J. W. F. Kardaun, A. Ross, S. Elgeti, A. Shalpegin, G. D. Conway, A. Sigalov, Alberto Bottino, Benedikt Geiger, M. Willensdorfer, D. C. van Vugt, Mark Maraschek, W. Zhang, M. Oberkofler, M. Griener, Stylianos Varoutis, Bill Scott, F. Monaco, W. Suttrop, Helmut Faugel, Christian Hopf, J. Vicente, Gerhard Raupp, S. Fietz, Omar Maj, D. Terranova, Q. Yu, E. Seliunin, L. Gil, K. Lackner, I. Novikau, S. Heinzel, G. Birkenmeier, O. Linder, I. Zammuto, H. Fünfgelder, Alessandro Biancalani, D. Prisiazhniuk, Analiza M. Silva, Volker Hauer, Ulrich Stroth, M. Faitsch, Toke Koldborg Jensen, S. Brezinsek, S. Garavaglia, V. Nikolaeva, C. Angioni, T. Maceina, Antti Snicker, O. Schmitz, T. Vierle, A. Scarabosio, D. Carlton, F. Penzel, M. Tardocchi, Riccardo Maggiora, V. Plyusnin, A. Bergmann, A. Bock, G. Rocchi, Andreas Frank Martitsch, J. W. Coenen, I. Erofeev, Pierre Manas, J. Stober, O. Meyer, M. A. Van Zeeland, A. S. Jacobsen, H. Meister, Jens Madsen, E. Smigelskis, A. Lohs, T. Happel, A. Gallo, F. Ryter, P. A. Schneider, A. Kallenbach, Alf Köhn, C. Bottereau, I. Paradela Perez, N. Arden, M. Koubiti, Gergely Papp, Burkhard Plaum, Jorge Ferreira, P. Denner, H. Greuner, Daniel Told, M. Weiland, T. Hayward-Schneider, B. Sieglin, A. Buhler, B. Böswirth, A. Krämer-Flecken, F. Jaulmes, J. Galdon-Quiroga, M. Balden, J. Pinzón Acosta, C. Sozzi, T. Bolzonella, G. Neu, Simon Freethy, T. Sehmer, K. Höfler, T. T. Ribeiro, F. Mink, Ursel Fantz, Q. Yang, Jeppe Olsen, M. Wischmeier, P. Mantica, Timothy Goodman, R. Delogu, T. Tala, Panagiotis Tolias, A. Houben, G. Tardini, A. Kirk, T. Odstrcil, R. Fischer, J. Juul Rasmussen, D. Carralero, H. F. Meyer, P. Martin, J. Miettunen, E. Maljaars, Matthew Carr, Z. Yang, G. Pautasso, B. P. Duval, E. Sytova, Stefano Coda, D. Meshcheriakov, Morten Stejner, S. Zoletnik, Thomas Zehetbauer, M. Li, F. Liu, R. Neu, A. Drenik, P. Manz, E. Fable, Otto Asunta, Zhixin Lu, S. Kálvin, Bruce Lipschultz, Vinodh Bandaru, A. Di Siena, Mattia Siccinio, S. Costea, Frank Jenko, Peter Lang, V. Rohde, Manfred Zilker, F. Nabais, H. J. Sun, Chris Hegna, A. Krivska, M. Rott, S. E. Sharapov, Antoine Merle, J. Bernardo, K. Engelhardt, M. Garcia-Munoz, M. Kantor, M. Hölzl, J. M. Santos, L. Guimarais, A. Figuereido, Carlos B. da Silva, Ch. Day, P. David, U. von Toussaint, T. C. Blanken, D. A. Ryan, F. Palermo, Silvio Ceccuzzi, J.-M. Noterdaeme, M. Gobbin, A. Jansen van Vuuren, C.-P. Kasemann, D. Rittich, Wouter Tierens, Taina Kurki-Suonio, C. Martens, R. Riedl, Antti Hakola, A. Czarnecka, F. Hitzler, M. Spolaore, M. Tripský, D. Brida, A. V. Chankin, Alessandro Pau, T. Ilkei, K. Krieger, Emanuele Poli, Florian Laggner, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, Wolfgang Jacob, Nengchao Wang, Anne White, S. Kjer Hansen, Stefan Kragh Nielsen, M. Fröschle, R. Bilato, O. Kudlacek, Tobias Görler, A. Stegmeir, Ari Salmi, L. Colas, A. Mlynek, Istvan Cziegler, V. Bobkov, James Buchanan, A. Gräter, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, R. Drube, John Hammer Holm, Giuliana Sias, K. Galazka, Giuseppe Gorini, V. Igochine, B. Vanovac, O. P. Ford, A. Garcia-Carrasco, R. M. McDermott, B. Tal, A. Lebschy, M. Cavedon, Julia Fuchs, E. Viezzer, R. Dux, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, Aqsa Shabbir, Sergei Kasilov, M. Bernert, S. Saarelma, Gergö Pokol, F. Reimold, Geert Verdoolaege, M. Mayer, Marek Rubel, L. Sanchis-Sanchez, R. Maingi, William Hornsby, U. Plank, C. Cianfarani, N. Vianello, A. Huber, Gustavo Granucci, Didier Mazon, S. Glöggler, J. Simpson, I. Faust, G. L. Ravera, Laurie Porte, Johann Riesch, F. Janky, A Lyssoivan, T. Pütterich, F. Orain, M. Valisa, B. Esposito, C. Gleason-González, Juha Karhunen, M. Valovic, H. Maier, Gábor Cseh, A. Nemes-Czopf, E. Thoren, O. Pan, T. Eich, R. Coelho, M.R. de Baar, E. Strumberger, T. Hellsten, Lionello Marrelli, Boglarka Erdos, Pascale Hennequin, R. Ochoukov, H. Zohm, D. Wagner, Yevgen O. Kazakov, A. Medvedeva, M. G. Dunne, W. Treutterer, N. Leuthold, R. Zagórski, S. Potzel, V. Klevarova, Dirk Reiser, X. Wang, T. Lunt, Meyer, H, Angioni, C, Albert, C, Arden, N, Arredondo Parra, R, Asunta, O, De Baar, M, Balden, M, Bandaru, V, Behler, K, Bergmann, A, Bernardo, J, Bernert, M, Biancalani, A, Bilato, R, Birkenmeier, G, Blanken, T, Bobkov, V, Bock, A, Bolzonella, T, Bortolon, A, Boswirth, B, Bottereau, C, Bottino, A, Van Den Brand, H, Brezinsek, S, Brida, D, Brochard, F, Bruhn, C, Buchanan, J, Buhler, A, Burckhart, A, Camenen, Y, Carlton, D, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Castaldo, C, Cavedon, M, Cazzaniga, C, Ceccuzzi, S, Challis, C, Chankin, A, Chapman, S, Cianfarani, C, Clairet, F, Coda, S, Coelho, R, Coenen, J, Colas, L, Conway, G, Costea, S, Coster, D, Cote, T, Creely, A, Croci, G, Cseh, G, Czarnecka, A, Cziegler, I, D'Arcangelo, O, David, P, Day, C, Delogu, R, De Marne, P, Denk, S, Denner, P, Dibon, M, Di Siena, A, Douai, D, Drenik, A, Drube, R, Dunne, M, Duval, B, Dux, R, Eich, T, Elgeti, S, Engelhardt, K, Erdos, B, Erofeev, I, Esposito, B, Fable, E, Faitsch, M, Fantz, U, Faugel, H, Faust, I, Felici, F, Ferreira, J, Fietz, S, Figuereido, A, Fischer, R, Ford, O, Frassinetti, L, Freethy, S, Froschle, M, Fuchert, G, Fuchs, J, Funfgelder, H, Galazka, K, Galdon-Quiroga, J, Gallo, A, Gao, Y, Garavaglia, S, Garcia-Carrasco, A, Garcia-Munoz, M, Geiger, B, Giannone, L, Gil, L, Giovannozzi, E, Gleason-Gonzalez, C, Gloggler, S, Gobbin, M, Gorler, T, Gomez Ortiz, I, Gonzalez Martin, J, Goodman, T, Gorini, G, Gradic, D, Grater, A, Granucci, G, Greuner, H, Griener, M, Groth, M, Gude, A, Gunter, S, Guimarais, L, Haas, G, Hakola, A, Ham, C, Happel, T, Den Harder, N, Harrer, G, Harrison, J, Hauer, V, Hayward-Schneider, T, Hegna, C, Heinemann, B, Heinzel, S, Hellsten, T, Henderson, S, Hennequin, P, Herrmann, A, Heyn, M, Heyn, E, Hitzler, F, Hobirk, J, Hofler, K, Holzl, M, Hoschen, T, Holm, J, Hopf, C, Hornsby, W, Horvath, L, Houben, A, Huber, A, Igochine, V, Ilkei, T, Ivanova-Stanik, I, Jacob, W, Jacobsen, A, Janky, F, Jansen Van Vuuren, A, Jardin, A, Jaulmes, F, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Joffrin, E, Kasemann, C, Kallenbach, A, Kalvin, S, Kantor, M, Kappatou, A, Kardaun, O, Karhunen, J, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kernbichler, W, Kirk, A, Kjer Hansen, S, Klevarova, V, Kocsis, G, Kohn, A, Koubiti, M, Krieger, K, Krivska, A, Kramer-Flecken, A, Kudlacek, O, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kurzan, B, Labit, B, Lackner, K, Laggner, F, Lang, P, Lauber, P, Lebschy, A, Leuthold, N, Li, M, Linder, O, Lipschultz, B, Liu, F, Liu, Y, Lohs, A, Lu, Z, Luda Di Cortemiglia, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Lunt, T, Lyssoivan, A, Maceina, T, Madsen, J, Maggiora, R, Maier, H, Maj, O, Mailloux, J, Maingi, R, Maljaars, E, Manas, P, Mancini, A, Manhard, A, Manso, M, Mantica, P, Mantsinen, M, Manz, P, Maraschek, M, Martens, C, Martin, P, Marrelli, L, Martitsch, A, Mayer, M, Mazon, D, Mccarthy, P, Mcdermott, R, Meister, H, Medvedeva, A, Merkel, R, Merle, A, Mertens, V, Meshcheriakov, D, Meyer, O, Miettunen, J, Milanesio, D, Mink, F, Mlynek, A, Monaco, F, Moon, C, Nabais, F, Nemes-Czopf, A, Neu, G, Neu, R, Nielsen, A, Nielsen, S, Nikolaeva, V, Nocente, M, Noterdaeme, J, Novikau, I, Nowak, S, Oberkofler, M, Oberparleiter, M, Ochoukov, R, Odstrcil, T, Olsen, J, Orain, F, Palermo, F, Pan, O, Papp, G, Paradela Perez, I, Pau, A, Pautasso, G, Penzel, F, Petersson, P, Pinzon Acosta, J, Piovesan, P, Piron, C, Pitts, R, Plank, U, Plaum, B, Ploeckl, B, Plyusnin, V, Pokol, G, Poli, E, Porte, L, Potzel, S, Prisiazhniuk, D, Putterich, T, Ramisch, M, Rasmussen, J, Ratta, G, Ratynskaia, S, Raupp, G, Ravera, G, Refy, D, Reich, M, Reimold, F, Reiser, D, Ribeiro, T, Riesch, J, Riedl, R, Rittich, D, Rivero-Rodriguez, J, Rocchi, G, Rodriguez-Ramos, M, Rohde, V, Ross, A, Rott, M, Rubel, M, Ryan, D, Ryter, F, Saarelma, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sanchis-Sanchez, L, Santos, J, Sauter, O, Scarabosio, A, Schall, G, Schmid, K, Schmitz, O, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schubert, M, Schwarz-Selinger, T, Schweinzer, J, Scott, B, Sehmer, T, Seliunin, E, Sertoli, M, Shabbir, A, Shalpegin, A, Shao, L, Sharapov, S, Sias, G, Siccinio, M, Sieglin, B, Sigalov, A, Silva, A, Silva, C, Silvagni, D, Simon, P, Simpson, J, Smigelskis, E, Snicker, A, Sommariva, C, Sozzi, C, Spolaore, M, Stegmeir, A, Stejner, M, Stober, J, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Suarez, G, Sun, H, Suttrop, W, Sytova, E, Szepesi, T, Tal, B, Tala, T, Tardini, G, Tardocchi, M, Teschke, M, Terranova, D, Tierens, W, Thoren, E, Told, D, Tolias, P, Tudisco, O, Treutterer, W, Trier, E, Tripsky, M, Valisa, M, Valovic, M, Vanovac, B, Van Vugt, D, Varoutis, S, Verdoolaege, G, Vianello, N, Vicente, J, Vierle, T, Viezzer, E, Von Toussaint, U, Wagner, D, Wang, N, Wang, X, Weiland, M, White, A, Wiesen, S, Willensdorfer, M, Wiringer, B, Wischmeier, M, Wolf, R, Wolfrum, E, Xiang, L, Yang, Q, Yang, Z, Yu, Q, Zagorski, R, Zammuto, I, Zhang, W, Van Zeeland, M, Zehetbauer, T, Zilker, M, Zoletnik, S, Zohm, H, Meyer, H., Universidad de Sevilla, Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Sevilla. RNM138: Física Nuclear Aplicada, Universidad de Sevilla. TEP111: Ingeniería Mecánica, CEA Cadarache, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut Jean Lamour (IJL), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des Plasmas (LPP), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École polytechnique (X)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Culham Science Centre, Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik, Department of Applied Physics, Dutch Institute for Fundamental Energy Research, University of Lisbon, Eindhoven University of Technology, National Research Council of Italy, Princeton University, CEA, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Agenzia nazionale per le nuove tecnologie, l'energia e lo sviluppo economico sostenibile, University of Warwick, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, University of Innsbruck, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies, University of York, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, University of Seville, University of Milan - Bicocca, Fusion and Plasma Physics, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Vienna University of Technology, Max-Planck Computing and Data Facility, General Atomics, Université Paris-Saclay, Graz University of Technology, Institut für Grenzflachenverfahrenstechnik und Plasmatechnologie, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Royal Military Academy, Ghent University, ITER Organization, University of California Davis, Polytechnic University of Turin, Barcelona Supercomputing Center, University College Cork, Chalmers University of Technology, University of Cagliari, ITER, CIEMAT, CAS - Institute of Plasma Physics, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Angioni, C., Albert, C. G., Arden, N., Arredondo Parra, R., Asunta, O., De Baar, M., Balden, M., Bandaru, V., Behler, K., Bergmann, A., Bernardo, J., Bernert, M., Biancalani, A., Bilato, R., Birkenmeier, G., Blanken, T. C., Bobkov, V., Bock, A., Bolzonella, T., Bortolon, A., Boswirth, B., Bottereau, C., Bottino, A., Van Den Brand, H., Brezinsek, S., Brida, D., Brochard, F., Bruhn, C., Buchanan, J., Buhler, A., Burckhart, A., Camenen, Y., Carlton, D., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Castaldo, C., Cavedon, M., Cazzaniga, C., Ceccuzzi, S., Challis, C., Chankin, A., Chapman, S., Cianfarani, C., Clairet, F., Coda, S., Coelho, R., Coenen, J. W., Colas, L., Conway, G. D., Costea, S., Coster, D. P., Cote, T. B., Creely, A., Croci, G., Cseh, G., Czarnecka, A., Cziegler, I., D'Arcangelo, O., David, P., Day, C., Delogu, R., De Marne, P., Denk, S. S., Denner, P., Dibon, M., Di Siena, A., Douai, D., Drenik, A., Drube, R., Dunne, M., Duval, B. P., Dux, R., Eich, T., Elgeti, S., Engelhardt, K., Erdos, B., Erofeev, I., Esposito, B., Fable, E., Faitsch, M., Fantz, U., Faugel, H., Faust, I., Felici, F., Ferreira, J., Fietz, S., Figuereido, A., Fischer, R., Ford, O., Frassinetti, L., Freethy, S., Froschle, M., Fuchert, G., Fuchs, J. C., Funfgelder, H., Galazka, K., Galdon-Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Y., Garavaglia, S., Garcia-Carrasco, A., Garcia-Munoz, M., Geiger, B., Giannone, L., Gil, L., Giovannozzi, E., Gleason-Gonzalez, C., Gloggler, S., Gobbin, M., Gorler, T., Gomez Ortiz, I., Gonzalez Martin, J., Goodman, T., Gorini, G., Gradic, D., Grater, A., Granucci, G., Greuner, H., Griener, M., Groth, M., Gude, A., Gunter, S., Guimarais, L., Haas, G., Hakola, A. H., Ham, C., Happel, T., Den Harder, N., Harrer, G. F., Harrison, J., Hauer, V., Hayward-Schneider, T., Hegna, C. C., Heinemann, B., Heinzel, S., Hellsten, T., Henderson, S., Hennequin, P., Herrmann, A., Heyn, M. F., Heyn, E., Hitzler, F., Hobirk, J., Hofler, K., Holzl, M., Hoschen, T., Holm, J. H., Hopf, C., Hornsby, W. A., Horvath, L., Houben, A., Huber, A., Igochine, V., Ilkei, T., Ivanova-Stanik, I., Jacob, W., Jacobsen, A. S., Janky, F., Jansen Van Vuuren, A., Jardin, A., Jaulmes, F., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Joffrin, E., Kasemann, C. -P., Kallenbach, A., Kalvin, S., Kantor, M., Kappatou, A., Kardaun, O., Karhunen, J., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kernbichler, W., Kirk, A., Kjer Hansen, S., Klevarova, V., Kocsis, G., Kohn, A., Koubiti, M., Krieger, K., Krivska, A., Kramer-Flecken, A., Kudlacek, O., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kurzan, B., Labit, B., Lackner, K., Laggner, F., Lang, P. T., Lauber, P., Lebschy, A., Leuthold, N., Li, M., Linder, O., Lipschultz, B., Liu, F., Liu, Y., Lohs, A., Lu, Z., Luda Di Cortemiglia, T., Luhmann, N. C., Lunsford, R., Lunt, T., Lyssoivan, A., Maceina, T., Madsen, J., Maggiora, R., Maier, H., Maj, O., Mailloux, J., Maingi, R., Maljaars, E., Manas, P., Mancini, A., Manhard, A., Manso, M. -E., Mantica, P., Mantsinen, M., Manz, P., Maraschek, M., Martens, C., Martin, P., Marrelli, L., Martitsch, A., Mayer, M., Mazon, D., Mccarthy, P. J., Mcdermott, R., Meister, H., Medvedeva, A., Merkel, R., Merle, A., Mertens, V., Meshcheriakov, D., Meyer, O., Miettunen, J., Milanesio, D., Mink, F., Mlynek, A., Monaco, F., Moon, C., Nabais, F., Nemes-Czopf, A., Neu, G., Neu, R., Nielsen, A. H., Nielsen, S. K., Nikolaeva, V., Nocente, M., Noterdaeme, J. -M., Novikau, I., Nowak, S., Oberkofler, M., Oberparleiter, M., Ochoukov, R., Odstrcil, T., Olsen, J., Orain, F., Palermo, F., Pan, O., Papp, G., Paradela Perez, I., Pau, A., Pautasso, G., Penzel, F., Petersson, P., Pinzon Acosta, J., Piovesan, P., Piron, C., Pitts, R., Plank, U., Plaum, B., Ploeckl, B., Plyusnin, V., Pokol, G., Poli, E., Porte, L., Potzel, S., Prisiazhniuk, D., Putterich, T., Ramisch, M., Rasmussen, J., Ratta, G. A., Ratynskaia, S., Raupp, G., Ravera, G. L., Refy, D., Reich, M., Reimold, F., Reiser, D., Ribeiro, T., Riesch, J., Riedl, R., Rittich, D., Rivero-Rodriguez, J. F., Rocchi, G., Rodriguez-Ramos, M., Rohde, V., Ross, A., Rott, M., Rubel, M., Ryan, D., Ryter, F., Saarelma, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sanchis-Sanchez, L., Santos, J., Sauter, O., Scarabosio, A., Schall, G., Schmid, K., Schmitz, O., Schneider, P. A., Schrittwieser, R., Schubert, M., Schwarz-Selinger, T., Schweinzer, J., Scott, B., Sehmer, T., Seliunin, E., Sertoli, M., Shabbir, A., Shalpegin, A., Shao, L., Sharapov, S., Sias, G., Siccinio, M., Sieglin, B., Sigalov, A., Silva, A., Silva, C., Silvagni, D., Simon, P., Simpson, J., Smigelskis, E., Snicker, A., Sommariva, C., Sozzi, C., Spolaore, M., Stegmeir, A., Stejner, M., Stober, J., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suarez, G., Sun, H. -J., Suttrop, W., Sytova, E., Szepesi, T., Tal, B., Tala, T., Tardini, G., Tardocchi, M., Teschke, M., Terranova, D., Tierens, W., Thoren, E., Told, D., Tolias, P., Tudisco, O., Treutterer, W., Trier, E., Tripsky, M., Valisa, M., Valovic, M., Vanovac, B., Van Vugt, D., Varoutis, S., Verdoolaege, G., Vianello, N., Vicente, J., Vierle, T., Viezzer, E., Von Toussaint, U., Wagner, D., Wang, N., Wang, X., Weiland, M., White, A. E., Wiesen, S., Willensdorfer, M., Wiringer, B., Wischmeier, M., Wolf, R., Wolfrum, E., Xiang, L., Yang, Q., Yang, Z., Yu, Q., Zagorski, R., Zammuto, I., Zhang, W., Van Zeeland, M., Zehetbauer, T., Zilker, M., Zoletnik, S., Zohm, H., ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, and EUROfusion MST1 Team

Subjects
Magnetic confinement, Edge-localized modes (ELMs), Nuclear engineering, PLASMAS, Nuclear physics, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, ASDEX Upgrade, ITER, MODE, Physics, iter, Divertor, magnetic confinement, Magnetic confinement fusion, mode, Dissipation, Condensed Matter Physics, ddc, Tokamak physics, Física nuclear, tokamak physics, Tokamaks, FLUX, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Technology and Engineering, DEMO, nuclear fusion, Electron cyclotron resonance, Resonant magnetic perturbations, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, SOLID TUNGSTEN DIVERTOR, Física [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], demo, plasmas, solid tungsten divertor, flux, ___, HEAVY ALLOYS, Magnetohydrodynamics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], heavy alloys
Abstract

The ASDEX Upgrade (AUG) programme, jointly run with the EUROfusion MST1 task force, continues to significantly enhance the physics base of ITER and DEMO. Here, the full tungsten wall is a key asset for extrapolating to future devices. The high overall heating power, flexible heating mix and comprehensive diagnostic set allows studies ranging from mimicking the scrape-off-layer and divertor conditions of ITER and DEMO at high density to fully non-inductive operation (q95 = 5.5, ) at low density. Higher installed electron cyclotron resonance heating power 6 MW, new diagnostics and improved analysis techniques have further enhanced the capabilities of AUG. Stable high-density H-modes with MW m−1 with fully detached strike-points have been demonstrated. The ballooning instability close to the separatrix has been identified as a potential cause leading to the H-mode density limit and is also found to play an important role for the access to small edge-localized modes (ELMs). Density limit disruptions have been successfully avoided using a path-oriented approach to disruption handling and progress has been made in understanding the dissipation and avoidance of runaway electron beams. ELM suppression with resonant magnetic perturbations is now routinely achieved reaching transiently . This gives new insight into the field penetration physics, in particular with respect to plasma flows. Modelling agrees well with plasma response measurements and a helically localised ballooning structure observed prior to the ELM is evidence for the changed edge stability due to the magnetic perturbations. The impact of 3D perturbations on heat load patterns and fast-ion losses have been further elaborated. Progress has also been made in understanding the ELM cycle itself. Here, new fast measurements of and Er allow for inter ELM transport analysis confirming that Er is dominated by the diamagnetic term even for fast timescales. New analysis techniques allow detailed comparison of the ELM crash and are in good agreement with nonlinear MHD modelling. The observation of accelerated ions during the ELM crash can be seen as evidence for the reconnection during the ELM. As type-I ELMs (even mitigated) are likely not a viable operational regime in DEMO studies of 'natural' no ELM regimes have been extended. Stable I-modes up to have been characterised using -feedback. Core physics has been advanced by more detailed characterisation of the turbulence with new measurements such as the eddy tilt angle—measured for the first time—or the cross-phase angle of and fluctuations. These new data put strong constraints on gyro-kinetic turbulence modelling. In addition, carefully executed studies in different main species (H, D and He) and with different heating mixes highlight the importance of the collisional energy exchange for interpreting energy confinement. A new regime with a hollow profile now gives access to regimes mimicking aspects of burning plasma conditions and lead to nonlinear interactions of energetic particle modes despite the sub-Alfvénic beam energy. This will help to validate the fast-ion codes for predicting ITER and DEMO. This work has been carried out within the framework of the EUROfusion Consortium and has received funding from the Euratom research and training programme 2014–2018 and 2019–2020 under grant agreement No. 633053. The views and opinions expressed herein do not necessarily reflect those of the European Commission. "Article signat per més de 100 autors/es: H. Meyer, for the AUG Team: D. Aguiam, C. Angioni, C.G. Albert, N. Arden, R. Arredondo Parra, O. Asunta, M. de Baar, M. Balden, V. Bandaru, K. Behler, A. Bergmann, J. Bernardo, M. Bernert, A. Biancalani, R. Bilato, G. Birkenmeier, T.C. Blanken, V. Bobkov, A. Bock, T. Bolzonella, A. Bortolon, B. Böswirth, C. Bottereau, A. Bottino, H. van den Brand, S. Brezinsek, D. Brida, F. Brochard, C. Bruhn, J. Buchanan, A. Buhler, A. Burckhart, Y. Camenen, D. Carlton, M. Carr, D. Carralero, C. Castaldo, M. Cavedon, C. Cazzaniga, S. Ceccuzzi, C. Challis, A. Chankin, S. Chapman, C. Cianfarani, F. Clairet, S. Coda, R. Coelho, J.W. Coenen, L. Colas, G.D. Conway, S. Costea, D.P. Coster, T.B. Cote, A. Creely, G. Croci, G. Cseh, A. Czarnecka, I. Cziegler, O. D'Arcangelo, P. David, C. Day, R. Delogu, P. de Marné, S.S. Denk, P. Denner, M. Dibon, A. Di Siena, D. Douai, A. Drenik, R. Drube, M. Dunne, B.P. Duval, R. Dux, T. Eich, S. Elgeti, K. Engelhardt, B. Erdös, I. Erofeev, B. Esposito, E. Fable, M. Faitsch, U. Fantz, H. Faugel, I. Faust, F. Felici, J. Ferreira, S. Fietz, A. Figuereido, R. Fischer, O. Ford, L. Frassinetti, S. Freethy, M. Fröschle, G. Fuchert, J.C. Fuchs, H. Fünfgelder, K. Galazka, J. Galdon-Quiroga, A. Gallo, Y. Gao, S. Garavaglia, A. Garcia-Carrasco, M. Garcia-Muñoz, B. Geiger, L. Giannone, L. Gil, E. Giovannozzi, C. Gleason-González, S. Glöggler, M. Gobbin, T. Görler, I. Gomez Ortiz, J. Gonzalez Martin, T. Goodman, G. Gorini, D. Gradic, A. Gräter, G. Granucci, H. Greuner, M. Griener, M. Groth, A. Gude, S. Günter, L. Guimarais, G. Haas, A.H. Hakola, C. Ham, T. Happel, N. den Harder, G.F. Harrer, J. Harrison, V. Hauer, T. Hayward-Schneider, C.C. Hegna, B. Heinemann, S. Heinzel, T. Hellsten, S. Henderson, P. Hennequin, A. Herrmann, M.F. Heyn, E. Heyn, F. Hitzler, J. Hobirk, K. Höfler, M. Hölzl, T. Höschen, J.H. Holm, C. Hopf, W.A. Hornsby, L. Horvath, A. Houben, A. Huber, V. Igochine, T. Ilkei, I. Ivanova-Stanik, W. Jacob, A.S. Jacobsen, F. Janky, A. Jansen van Vuuren, A. Jardin, F. Jaulmes, F. Jenko, T. Jensen, E. Joffrin, C.-P. Käsemann, A. Kallenbach, S. Kálvin, M. Kantor, A. Kappatou, O. Kardaun, J. Karhunen, S. Kasilov,, Y. Kazakov, W. Kernbichler, A. Kirk, S. Kjer Hansen, V. Klevarova, G. Kocsis, A. Köhn, M. Koubiti, K. Krieger, A. Krivska, A. Krämer-Flecken, O. Kudlacek, T. Kurki-Suonio, B. Kurzan, B. Labit, K. Lackner, F. Laggner, P.T. Lang, P. Lauber, A. Lebschy, N. Leuthold, M. Li, O. Linder, B. Lipschultz, F. Liu, Y. Liu, A. Lohs, Z. Lu, T. Luda di Cortemiglia, N.C. Luhmann, R. Lunsford, T. Lunt, A. Lyssoivan, T. Maceina, J. Madsen, R. Maggiora, H. Maier, O. Maj, J. Mailloux, R. Maingi, E. Maljaars, P. Manas, A. Mancini, A. Manhard, M.-E. Manso, P. Mantica, M. Mantsinen, P. Manz, M. Maraschek, C. Martens, P. Martin, L. Marrelli, A. Martitsch, M. Mayer, D. Mazon, P.J. McCarthy, R. McDermott, H. Meister, A. Medvedeva, R. Merkel, A. Merle, V. Mertens, D. Meshcheriakov, O. Meyer, J. Miettunen, D. Milanesio, F. Mink, A. Mlynek, F. Monaco, C. Moon, F. Nabais, A. Nemes-Czopf, G. Neu, R. Neu, A.H. Nielsen, S.K. Nielsen, V. Nikolaeva, M. Nocente, J.-M. Noterdaeme, I. Novikau, S. Nowak, M. Oberkofler, M. Oberparleiter, R. Ochoukov, T. Odstrcil, J. Olsen, F. Orain, F. Palermo, O. Pan, G. Papp, I. Paradela Perez, A. Pau, G. Pautasso, F. Penzel, P. Petersson, J. Pinzón Acosta, P. Piovesan, C. Piron, R. Pitts, U. Plank, B. Plaum, B. Ploeckl, V. Plyusnin, G. Pokol, E. Poli, L. Porte, S. Potzel, D. Prisiazhniuk, T. Pütterich, M. Ramisch, J. Rasmussen, G.A. Rattá, S. Ratynskaia, G. Raupp, G.L. Ravera, D. Réfy, M. Reich, F. Reimold, D. Reiser, T. Ribeiro, J. Riesch, R. Riedl, D. Rittich, J.F. Rivero-Rodriguez, G. Rocchi, M. Rodriguez-Ramos, V. Rohde, A. Ross1, M. Rott, M. Rubel, D. Ryan, F. Ryter, S. Saarelma, M. Salewski, A. Salmi, L. Sanchis-Sanchez, J. Santos, O. Sauter, A. Scarabosio, G. Schall, K. Schmid, O. Schmitz, P.A. Schneider, R. Schrittwieser, M. Schubert, T. Schwarz-Selinger, J. Schweinzer, B. Scott, T. Semer, E. Seliunin, M. Sertoli, A. Shabbir, A. Shalpegin, L. Shao, S. Sharapov, G. Sias, M. Siccinio, B. Sieglin, A. Sigalov, A. Silva, C. Silva, D. Silvagni, P. Simon, J. Simpson, E. Smigelskis, A. Snicker, C. Sommariva, C. Sozzi, M. Spolaore, A. Stegmeir, M. Stejner, J. Stober, U. Stroth, E. Strumberger, G. Suarez, H.-J. Sun, W. Suttrop, E. Sytova, T. Szepesi, B. Tál, T. Tala, G. Tardini, M. Tardocchi, M. Teschke, D. Terranova, W. Tierens, E. Thorén, D. Told, P. Tolias, O. Tudisco, W. Treutterer, E. Trier, M. Tripský, M. Valisa, M. Valovic, B. Vanovac, D. van Vugt, S. Varoutis, G. Verdoolaege, N. Vianello, J. Vicente, T. Vierle, E. Viezzer, U. von Toussaint, D. Wagner, N. Wang, X. Wang, M. Weiland, A.E. White, S. Wiesen, M. Willensdorfer, B. Wiringer, M. Wischmeier, R. Wolf, E. Wolfrum, L. Xiang, Q. Yang, Z. Yang, Q. Yu, R. Zagórski, I. Zammuto, W. Zhang, M. van Zeeland, T. Zehetbauer, M. Zilker, S. Zoletnik, H. Zohm and the EUROfusion MST1 Team55

Published
2018
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22. SiO2 nanoparticles modulate the electrical activity of neuroendocrine cells without exerting genomic effects

Author

Edoardo Morandi, Salvatore Oliviero, Alessandra Gilardino, Carla Distasi, Luca Munaron, Susanna Antoniotti, Marianna Dionisi, Gianmario Martra, G. Croci, Gabriele Alberto, Enrico Castroflorio, Beatrice Riva, Eleonora Bassino, Davide Lovisolo, Federico Alessandro Ruffinatti, Danny Incarnato, and Molecular Genetics

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Biocompatibility, Cell, Hypothalamus, lcsh:Medicine, Action Potentials, Gene Expression, 02 engineering and technology, Article, Cell Line, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, Neuroendocrine Cells, Gene expression, medicine, Animals, lcsh:Science, Neurons, Membrane potential, Multidisciplinary, Chemistry, lcsh:R, Depolarization, Silicon Dioxide, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrophysiology, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biological target, Biophysics, Nanoparticles, Nanomedicine, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Engineered silica nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted increasing interest in several applications, and particularly in the field of nanomedicine, thanks to the high biocompatibility of this material. For their optimal and controlled use, the understanding of the mechanisms elicited by their interaction with the biological target is a prerequisite, especially when dealing with cells particularly vulnerable to environmental stimuli like neurons. Here we have combined different electrophysiological approaches (both at the single cell and at the population level) with a genomic screening in order to analyze, in GT1-7 neuroendocrine cells, the impact of SiO2 NPs (50 ± 3 nm in diameter) on electrical activity and gene expression, providing a detailed analysis of the impact of a nanoparticle on neuronal excitability. We find that 20 µg mL−1 NPs induce depolarization of the membrane potential, with a modulation of the firing of action potentials. Recordings of electrical activity with multielectrode arrays provide further evidence that the NPs evoke a temporary increase in firing frequency, without affecting the functional behavior on a time scale of hours. Finally, NPs incubation up to 24 hours does not induce any change in gene expression.

Published
2018

23. Neutron measurements at the ELISE neutral beam test facility and implications for neutron based diagnostics at SPIDER

Author

Feng, S, Nocente, M, Wunderlich, D, Bonomo, F, Croci, G, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Mario, I, Muraro, A, Pasqualotto, R, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Gorini, G, Song FENG, M. Nocente, D. Wunderlich, F. Bonomo, G. Croci, U. Fantz, B. Heinemann, W. Kraus, I. Mario, A. Muraro, R. Pasqualotto, M. Rebai, M. Tardocchi, G. Gorini, Feng, S, Nocente, M, Wunderlich, D, Bonomo, F, Croci, G, Fantz, U, Heinemann, B, Kraus, W, Mario, I, Muraro, A, Pasqualotto, R, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Gorini, G, Song FENG, M. Nocente, D. Wunderlich, F. Bonomo, G. Croci, U. Fantz, B. Heinemann, W. Kraus, I. Mario, A. Muraro, R. Pasqualotto, M. Rebai, M. Tardocchi, and G. Gorini

Abstract

Along the route to the development of a neutral beam injector for ITER, the Padua based Source for Production of Ion of Deuterium Extracted from Rf plasma (SPIDER) and megavolt ITER injector and concept advancement facilities will make use of neutron diagnostics to quantify the homogeneity of the neutral beam profile by measuring the map of the neutron emission from the beam dump with the close-contact neutron emission surface mapping (CNESM) system. Neutrons are here produced from beam-target reactions between the deuterium beam and the deuterons previously adsorbed in the calorimeter. In order to aid the interpretation of the diagnostic data, a dedicated experiment on neutron emission from beam-target reactions with beam parameters approaching those expected at SPIDER has been performed at the Extraction from a Large Ion Source Experiment (ELISE) neutral beam test facility. The time trace of neutron emission has been measured using a calibrated liquid scintillator detector at increasing power densities on the target. Compared to calculations based on the local mixing model, a systematic discrepancy was observed exceeding the statistical accuracy of the measurements and increasing as a linear function of the power density. The data are used to derive an empirical temperature dependent correction for applications to neutron measurements at SPIDER

Published
2018

24. Gamma-ray spectroscopy at MHz counting rates with a compact LaBr

Author

M, Nocente, D, Rigamonti, V, Perseo, M, Tardocchi, G, Boltruczyk, A, Broslawski, A, Cremona, G, Croci, M, Gosk, V, Kiptily, S, Korolczuk, M, Mazzocco, A, Muraro, E, Strano, I, Zychor, and G, Gorini

Abstract

Gamma-ray spectroscopy measurements at MHz counting rates have been carried out, for the first time, with a compact spectrometer based on a LaBr

Published
2016

25. First neutron spectroscopy measurements with a compact C7LYC based detector at EAST

Author

L. J. Ge, Ruhong Zhou, Yimo Zhang, Z. M. Hu, C. Cattadori, E. Perelli Cippo, G. Croci, M. Nocente, D. Rigamonti, Marica Rebai, Giuseppe Gorini, Marco Tardocchi, Tieshuan Fan, F. Camera, Andrea Muraro, G. Q. Zhong, L. Giacomelli, Liqun Hu, Rigamonti, D, Zhong, G, Croci, G, Giacomelli, L, Gorini, G, Hu, Z, Muraro, A, Nocente, M, Perelli Cippo, E, Rebai, M, Tardocchi, M, Camera, F, Cattadori, C, Zhou, R, Hu, L, Ge, L, Zhang, Y, and Fan, T

Subjects
fast neutrons), gas and liquid scintillators), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Neutron emission, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostics, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear instruments and methods for hot plasma diagnostic, 01 natural sciences, thermal, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Optics, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear fusion, Neutron, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Detector, Scintillators, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, gas and liquid scintillators), Neutral beam injection, Neutron spectroscopy, Neutron detectors (cold, scintillation and light emission processes (solid, Scintillators, Plasma diagnostics, business, Neutron detectors (cold, thermal, fast neutrons)
Abstract

The paper describes a new compact neutron spectrometer optimized for the detection of 2.5 MeV neutrons for fusion plasma applications. The first neutron spectroscopy measurements on a nuclear fusion plasma experiment (EAST) with this detector are also reported together with the data interpretation. The detector allowed separating the different neutron emission components from the plasma and to validate the effectiveness of the Neutral Beam Injection (NBI) heating. A possible improvement of the diagnostic has been also identified in order to increase the detector sensitivity to weak components of the neutron spectrum, such as those due to the Ion Cyclotron Resonace Heating (ICRH). The relatively simple response function of the (CLYC)-L-7 detector to 2.5 MeV neutrons together with its good capability in the n/gamma discrimination, makes this detector an interesting spectrometer for deuterium (D) plasma diagnostics. In particular, its compactness allows for integration in a multi-line of sight camera where space constraints are present.

Published
2019
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26. The ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility toward SPIDER Operation

Author

Toigo V., S. Dal Bello, E. Gaio, A. Luchetta, R. Pasqualotto, P. Zaccaria, M. Bigi, G.Chitarin, D. Marcuzzi, N. Pomaro, G. Serianni, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, V. Antoni, D. Aprile, C. Baltador, M. Barbisan, M. Battistella, M. Boldrin, M. Brombin, M. Dalla Palma, A. De Lorenzi, R. Delogu, M. De Muri, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, G. Gambetta, L. Grando, P. Jain, A. Maistrello, G. Manduchi, N. Marconato, M. Pavei, S. Peruzzo, N.Pilan, A. Pimazzoni, R. Piovan, M. Recchia, A. Rizzolo, E. Sartori, M. Siragusa, E.Spada, S. Spagnolo, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, M. Valente, P. Veltri, A. Zamengo, B.Zaniol, L. Zanotto, M. Zaupa, D. Boilson, J. Graceffa, L. Svensson, B. Schunke, H. Decamps, M. Urbani, M. Kushwah, J. Chareyre, M. SinghT. Bonicelli, G. Agarici, A. Masiello, F. Paolucci, M. Simon, L. Bailly-Maitre, E. Bragulat, G. Gomez, D. Gutierrez, G. Mico, J-F. Moreno, V. Pilard, A. Chakraborty, U. Baruah, C. Rotti, H. Patel, M.V. Nagaraju, N.P. Singh, A. Patel, H. Dhola, B. Raval, U. Fantz, M. Fröschle, B. Heinemann, W. Kraus, R. Nocentini, R. Riedl, L. Schiesko, C. Wimmer, D. Wünderlich, M. Cavenago, G. Croci, G. Gorini, M. Rebai, A. Muraro, and R. Hemsworth

Abstract

SPIDER is one of the two projects of the ITER Neutral Beam Test Facility (NBTF) under construction in Padova, Italy, at Consorzio RFX premises; it is the full-size prototype of the radiofrequency (RF) ion source for ITER Neutral Beam Injector (NBI), with beam energy of 100keV, designed to operate with pulse length up to 3600 s, featuring ITER-like filter field configuration, caesium oven layout and a wide set of diagnostics. These features will allow reproducing the ion source operation like in ITER as cannot be done in any other existing test facility. SPIDER realization is well advanced and the first operation is expected at the beginning of 2018, with the mission to prove the possibility of achieving the ITER NBI ion source target requirements and of improving its performance in terms of reliability and availability. This paper mainly focuses on the preparation of the first SPIDER operations: integration and testing of SPIDER components, completion and implementation of diagnostics and control and workout of operation and research plan, based on a staged strategy.

Published
2016

27. THGEM based photon detector for Cherenkov imaging applications

Author

M. Alexeev, R. Birsa, F. Bradamante, A. Bressan, M. Chiosso, P. Ciliberti, G. Croci, M.L. Colantoni, S. Dalla Torre, S. Duarte Pinto, O. Denisov, V. Diaz, A. Ferrero, M. Finger, H. Fischer, G. Giacomini, M. Giorgi, B. Gobbo, F.H. Heinsius, F. Herrmann, V. Jahodova, K. Königsmann, L. Lauser, S. Levorato, A. Maggiora, A. Martin, G. Menon, F. Nerling, D. Panzieri, G. Pesaro, J. Polak, E. Rocco, L. Ropeleswki, F. Sauli, G. Sbrizzai, P. Schiavon, C. Schill, S. Schopferer, M. Slunecka, F. Sozzi, L. Steiger, M. Sulc, S. Takekawa, F. Tessarotto, H. Wollny, Alexeev, M, Birsa, R, Bradamante, F, Bressan, A, Chiosso, M, Ciliberti, P, Croci, G, Colantoni, M, Dalla Torre, S, Duarte Pinto, S, Denisov, O, Diaz, V, Ferrero, A, Finger, M, M., F, Fischer, H, Giacomini, G, Giorgi, M, Gobbo, B, Heinsius, F, Herrmann, F, Jahodova, V, Königsmann, K, Lauser, L, Levorato, S, Maggiora, A, Martin, A, Menon, G, Nerling, F, Panzieri, D, Pesaro, G, Polak, J, Rocco, E, Ropeleswki, L, Sauli, F, Sbrizzai, G, Schiavon, P, Schill, C, Schopferer, S, Slunecka, M, Sozzi, F, Steiger, L, Sulc, M, Takekawa, S, Tessarotto, F, Wollny, H, M., Alexeev, R., Birsa, Bradamante, Franco, Bressan, Andrea, M., Chiosso, Ciliberti, Piero, G., Croci, M. L., Colantoni, S., Dalla Torre, S., Duarte Pinto, O., Denisov, V., Diaz, A., Ferrero, M., Finger, M. Finger J., R., H., Fischer, G., Giacomini, Giorgi, Marcello, B., Gobbo, F. H., Heinsiu, F., Herrmann, V., Jahodova, K., Königsmann, L., Lauser, Levorato, Stefano, A., Maggiora, Martin, Anna, G., Menon, F., Nerling, D., Panzieri, Pesaro, Giulia, J., Polak, E., Rocco, L., Ropeleswki, F., Sauli, Sbrizzai, Giulio, Schiavon, Paolo, C., Schill, S., Schopferer, M., Slunecka, Sozzi, Federica, L., Steiger, M., Sulc, Takekawa, Stefano, F., Tessarotto, and H., Wollny

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, Single photon detector, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Instrumentation, Micro-pattern gas detectors, Single photon detectors, THGEM, Photon detector, Detector, Micro-pattern gas detector, Electron, Magnetic field, Nuclear physics, Optics, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

We are developing a single photon detector for Cherenkov imaging counters. This detector is based on the use of THGEM electron multipliers in a multilayer design. The major goals of our project are ion feedback suppression down to a few per cent, large gain, fast response, insensitivity to magnetic fields, and a large detector size. We report about the project status and perspectives. In particular, we present a systematic study of the THGEM response as a function of geometrical parameters, production techniques and the gas mixture composition. The first figures obtained from measuring the response of a CsI coated THGEM to single photons are presented. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Published
2010

28. MITICA neutron diagnostic: Conceptual design

Author

G. Gorini, M. Rebai, A. Galassi, E. Perelli Cippo, G. Gervasini, F. Ghezzi, G. Grosso, F. Murtas, M. Tardocchi, R. Pasqualotto, M. Fincato, G. Croci, M. Tollin, and A. Muraro

Published
2014

29. The Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi after the Earthquake of 26 September 1997 / Die Basilika des Heiligen Franziskus von Assisi nach dem Erdbeben vom 26. September 1997

Author

G. Croci

Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject, General Engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Art, Humanities, General Environmental Science, media_common
Abstract

The Basilica of St. Francis of Assisi was hit by strong earthquakes in September 1997. Two frescoed vaults collapsed. Other parts of the convent were seriously damaged and cracked. The Tympanum of the left transept was badly damaged and had to be temporarily fixed by a steel frame. Vaults collapsed in two zones of the nave. The vaults which survived remained in a precarious state. Urgent measures were undertaken during the first month. Then the vaults were definitively consolidated. Cracks were filled with a special mortar and the vaults were suspended from the roof with a system of tie bars. All operations followed the same philosophy: (a) to use the most up-to-date techniques and technologies, (b) to respect the historic value, and (c) to obtain adequate.

Published
1998
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30. EFD-P(13)38 Response of LaBr3(Ce) Scintillators to 2.5MeV Fusion Neutrons

Author

C. Cazzaniga, M. Nocente, M. Tardocchi, G. Croci, L. Giacomelli, M. Angelone, M. Pillon, S. Villari, A.Weller, L. Petrizzi, G. Gorini, the ASDEX Upgrade team, and JET EFDA contributors

Subjects
Physics::Plasma Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Measurements of the response function of LaBr3(Ce) to 2.5MeV neutrons have been carried out at the Frascati Neutron Generator and at tokamak facilities with deuterium plasmas. The observed spectrum has been interpreted by means of a MCNP model. It is found that the main contributor to the measured response is neutron inelastic scattering on 79Br, 81Br and 139La. An extrapolation of the count rate response to 14MeV neutrons from deuterium-tritium plasmas is also presented. The results are of relevance for the design of gamma-ray diagnostics of fusion burning plasmas.

Published
2013
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31. European Spallation Source Technical Design Report

Author

C. Carlile, R. Miyamoto, A. Pahlsson, M. Trojer, J. G. Weisend II, M. -L. Ainalem, K. H. Andersen, K. Batkov, P. Carlsson, D. Ene, B. Heden, K. Hedin, A. J. Jackson, P. Jacobsson, O. Kirstein, G. Lanfranco, Y. Lee, M. Lindroos, J. Malovrh Rebec, G. Trahern, J. Yeck, M. Ålberg, N. Ahlfors, R. Ainsworth, C. Alba-Simionesco, S. Alimov, N. Aliouane, B. Alling, K. Andersson, M. Andersson, N. H. Andersen, D. Anevski, S. Ansell, V. Antonelli, D. Argyriou, L. Arleth, E. Babcock, S. Barbanotti, F. Beckmann, P. M. Bentley, P. Beran, L. Berden, F. Bergstedt, J. Bermejo, M. Berrada, M. Bertelsen, Y. Beßler, T. Bigault, J. Birch, J. O. Birk, J. Bobnar, C. Bohme, A. Bollhalder, P. Boni, H. N. Bordallo, P. Bosland, S. Bousson, W. G. Bouwman, G. Brandl, S. Brault, J. Brinch, R. Brinkmann, H. Brueck, T. Bruckel, J. C. Buffet, M. Bulat, R. Burge, I. Bustinduy, M. Butzek, X. X. Cai, R. Caniello, M. Cardenas, G. Castro, H. Carlsen, L. Celona, Y. Chen, N. Cherkashyna, S. Choroba, B. Cheymol, M. Christensen, N. B. Christensen, E. P. Cippo, A. Class, K. Clausen, U. Clemens, J. F. Clergeau, M. Comunian, C. Cooper-Jensen, J. Correa, G. Croci, G. Cuk, L. Cussen, Y. Dai, H. Danared, D. Dancila, C. Darve, T. Davenne, P. De Vicente, P. P. Deen, M. Dell’Anno Boulton, S. Deledda, C. Densham, R. De Prisco, M. Desmons, G. Devanz, F. M. Dominguez, P. Duchesne, R. Duperrier, P. Duthil, H. Eckerlebe, S. Eckert, H. -J. Eckholt, T. Ekelof, J. Embs, M. Eneroth, R. Engels, C. Engling, M. Eshraqi, R. Fabbri, C. Fazio, J. Fenske, J. Fetzer, U. Filges, U. Fischer, K. G. Fissum, M. Forster, A. France, A. Franciosi, P. Freeman, H. Frielinghaus, C. Frojdh, C. Frost, T. Gahl, S. Gallimore, S. Gammino, N. Gandalfo, R. Georgii, G. Gerbeth, G. Gervasini, B. -E. Ghidersa, A. Ghiglino, L. Giacomelli, O. Gonzalez, G. Gorini, V. Goryashiko, M. Gohran, K. Gajewski, A. Goukassov, D. Graf, F. Grespan, A. Gromov, G. Grosso, U. Greuter, C. Grunzweig, B. Guerard, S. Gysin, K. Habicht, H. Hahn, E. A. L. Hakansson, S. Hall, R. Hall-Wilton, B. R. Hansen, U. B. Hansen, T. Hansson, T. Haraldsen, V. Haramus, C. -H. Hardh, H. Hassan, H. Hassanzadegan, B. C. Hauback, W. Haussler, W. Hees, G. Helgesen, P. Henry, L. Hermansson, A. Hiess, A. Hilger, T. Hofmann, C. Hoglund, L. Hoitzner, A. I. S. Holm, S. Holm, L. Høpfner, C. Horstmann, A. Houben, L. Hultman, M. Imam, A. Ioffe, J. Iversen, S. Iyengar, P. Jacobs, C. L. Jacobsen, H. Jacobsen, J. Jacobsen, A. Jansson, K. Jensch, J. Jensen, M. Jensen, X. J. Jin, A. J. Johansson, R. Jongeling, F. Juranyi, C. Kagi, R. Kampmann, K. Kanaki, N. Kardjilov, S. Kecskes, P. Keller, G. Kemmerling, M. Kenzelmann, A. Khaplanov, C. Kharoua, I. Khokhriakov, K. Kiefer, B. Kildetoft, T. Kittelmann, H. Kleines, K. Klenø, E. B. Klinkby, B. Klosgen, E. B. Knudsen, K. Knudsen, J. Kohlbrecher, M. Konnecke, A. Konobeev, P. Korelis, T. Kottig, L. Kramer, J. Krasna, J. Krebs, Z. Kroflic, V. Krsjak, S. Kynde, B. Laatsch, P. Ladd, E. Laface, B. Lauritzen, R. E. Lechner, K. Lefmann, E. Lehmann, M. Lehmann, F. Leseigneur, K. Lieutenant, L. Lilje, R. Linander, H. Lindblad, B. Lindenau, I. Llamas-Jansa, T. Lofnes, W. Lohstroh, D. Lott, P. Lukas, J. Lundgren, M. Lundin, H. Mo ̈ller, M. Ma ́gan, I. Manke, M. Marko, N. Martin, D. Mascali, A. Matheisen, S. Mattauch, D. McGinnis, M. Meissner, P. Mereu, M. Meshkian, F. Mezei, W. -D. Moeller, J. Molander, S. Molloy, K. Mortensen, J. -F. Moulin, A. Milocco, M. Monkenbusch, M. Morgano, T. Muhlebach, M. Muller, J. L. Munoz, G. Nagy, D. Nekrassov, L. Neri, K. Neuhaus, J. Neuhausen, C. Niedermayer, J. B. Nielsen, S. Nielsen, B. Nilsson, P. Nilsson, E. Noah, E. Nonboel, P. Norby, A. Nordt, G. Nowak, E. Oksanen, G. Olivier, G. Olry, T. Panzner, S. Pape-Møller, C. Pappas, T. Parker, S. Pasini, H. Pedersen, S. Peetermans, J. Persson, B. Petersen, S. Petersson, S. Petersson Arskol, J. Pieper, A. Pietropaolo, J. Pilch, A. Piquet, F. Piscitelli, A. Pisent, E. Platacis, F. Plewinski, J. Plomp, J. Plouin, A. Ponton, S. Pospisil, B. Pottin, H. F. Poulsen, S. O. Poulsen, P. Radahl, P. K. Pranzas, M. Proell, O. Prokhnenko, K. Prokes, E. Rampnoux, E. Rantsiou, N. Rasmussen, O. Rasmussen, K. Rathsman, M. Rebai, T. Reiss, M. Rescic, D. Reschke, C. Rethfeldt, M. Reungoat, D. Reynet, D. Richter, M. Rieth, T. H. Rod, D. M. Rodriguez, I. Rodriguez, K. Rolfs, M. Rouijaa, R. Ruber, U. Rucker, C. Ruegg, H. Rønnow, M. Russina, A. Ryberg, P. Sabbagh, A. Sadeghzadeh, M. Sales, Z. Salhi, R. Santiago-Kern, J. Saroun, T. Satogata, F. Saxild, J. Schaffran, J. Schefer, J. Scherzinger, M. Schild, B. Schillinger, H. Schlarb, P. Schmakat, A. Schreyer, W. Schroeder, P. Schurtenberger, C. Schulz, M. Schulz, W. Schweika, M. Seifert, G. Severin, R. Seviour, M. Sharp, T. Shea, P. Sievers, L. Silvi, G. G. Simeoni, W. Singer, P. Sittner, R. Sjoholm, N. Skar-Gislinge, S. Skelboe, F. Sordo, J. Stahn, P. Staron, I. Stefanescu, F. Stefani, W. -D. Stein, R. Steitz, H. Stelzer, A. Steuwer, M. St ̈ormer, M. Strobl, P. Stronciwilk, P. Strunz, A. Sukhanova, I. Sutton, K. Svedin, H. Svensson, A. Takibayev, V. Talanov, M. Tardocchi, L. Tchelidze, M. Telling, S. Terron, K. Theodor, J. -P. Thermeau, H. D. Thomsen, K. Thomsen, A. Tibbelin, C. Tiemann, M. Trapp, N. Tsapatsaris, L. Udby, A. Ushakov, P. Van Esch, L. Van Eijck, S. Van Waasen, A. A. Van Well, C. Vasi, E. Vassallo, C. Vettier, A. Vickery, N. Violini, M. Vitorovic, R. Vivanco, E. Vogel, J. Voigt, L. Von Moos, H. P. Wacklin, X. Wang, X. L. Wang, T. Weber, R. Wedberg, S. Weichselbaumer, B. Weinhorst, H. Weise, A. Weisenburger, P. K. Willendrup, R. Willumeit, T. Wilpert, A. Wischnewski, M. Wohlmuther, J. Wolters, R. A. Yogi, L. Zanini, K. Zagar, K. Zeitelhack, C. Zendler, R. Zeng, V. Ziemann, M. Zoppi, and A. Zugazaga

Published
2013
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33. Design of the MITICA neutral beam injector: from physics analysis to engineering design

Author

P. Sonato, D. Boilson, T. Bonicelli, A.K. Chakraborty, C. Day, P. Franzen, G. Gorini, T. Inoue, J. Milnes, T. Minea, H.P.L. De Esch, P. Agostinetti, M. Agostini, V. Antoni, M. Barbisan, P. Bettini, M. Bigi, M. Boldrin, M. Brombin, M. Cavenago, G. Chitarin, G. Croci, M. Dalla Palma, S. Dal Bello, M. De Muri, A. De Lorenzi, F. Fellin, A. Ferro, A. Fiorentin, L. Grando, S. Hanke, M. Kashiwagi, A. Luchetta, G. Manduchi, N. Marconato, D. Marcuzzi, R. Pasqualotto, M. Pavei, S. Peruzzo, A. Pesce, N. Pilan, N. Pomaro, M. Recchia, W. Rigato, A. Rizzolo, E. Sartori, G. Serianni, A. Soppelsa, A. Sottocornola, M. Spolaore, C. Taliercio, M. Taniguchi, H. Tobari, V. Toigo, M. Valente, P. Veltri, K. Watanabe, P.Zaccaria, B. Zaniol, A. Zamengo, and L. Zanotto

Subjects
nuclear fusion
Abstract

For ITER heating and current drive, two neutral b eam injectors (NBIs) are planned, delivering a tota l of 33 MW in stationary conditions up to one hour; e ach injector will accelerate a 40 A D - current up to 1 MV. Such requirements have never been achieved simultan eously. Hence the PRIMA (Padova Research on ITER Megavolt Accelerator) facility is under constructio n at Consorzio RFX in Padua, Italy. PRIMA will incl ude a test bed named MITICA, with the aim of reliably meeting the ITER heating beam requirements. This contributi on describes the current status of analysis, devoted t o the optimization of MITICA, providing the inputs for the design of accelerator, beam line components, diagno stics, power supplies, control-data acquisition and interlock systems

Published
2012

34. A new neutron diagnostic concept for high power deuterium beams

Author

M. Rebai [1], M. Cavenago [2], G. Croci [3], M. Dalla Palma [2], G. Gervasini [3], F. Ghezzi [3], G. Grosso [3], F. Murtas [4], R. Pasqualotto [2], E. Perelli Cippo [1], M. Tardocchi [3], M. Tollin [2], and G. Gorini [1,3]

Subjects
Deuterium beam, GEM detectors, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Neutral beam injector, Nuclear Experiment, Elastic Scattering, Neutron beam
Abstract

A neutron diagnostic for high current deuterium beams is proposed for installation on the spectral shear interferometry for direct electric field reconstruction (SPIDER, Source for Production of Ion of Deuterium Extracted from RF plasma) test beam facility. The proposed detection system is called Close-contact Neutron Emission Surface Mapping (CNESM). The diagnostic aims at providing the map of the neutron emission on the beam dump surface by placing a detector in close contact, right behind the dump. CNESM uses gas electron multiplier detectors equipped with a cathode that also serves as neutron-proton converter foil. The cathode is made of a thin polythene film and an aluminium film; it is designed for detection of neutrons of energy >2.2 MeV with an incidence angle < 45°. CNESM was designed on the basis of simulations of the different steps from the deuteron beam interaction with the beam dump to the neutron detection in the nGEM. Neutron scattering was simulated with the MCNPX code. CNESM on SPIDER is a first step towards the application of this diagnostic technique to the MITICA beam test facility, where it will be used to resolve the horizontal profile of the beam intensity. © 2012 American Institute of Physics

Published
2012
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35. A dedicated beam test of the full-scale prototype system of the CMS in a strong magnetic field

Author

D. Abbaneo, S. Bally, H. Postema, A. Conde Garcia, J. P. Chatalain, G. Faber, L. Ropelewski, S. Duarte Pinto, G. Croci, M. Alfonsi M. Van Stenis, A. Sharma, M. Villa, M. Zientek, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, S. Colafranceschi, F. Fabbri, L. Passamonti, D. Piccolo, D. Pierluigi, G. Raffone, A. Russo, Saviano, Giovanna, M. Tytgat, N. Zaganidis, M. Hohlmann, K. Gnanvo, M. G. Bagliesi, R. Cecchi, N. Turini, E. Oliveri, and Magazzu, G.

Subjects
Gas Mixtures, Muon Spectrometer, CMS, CMS, Muon Spectrometer, Gas Mixtures
Published
2012

37. A new neutron diagnostic concept for high power deuterium beams

Author

M. Rebai, G. Croci, M. Dalla Palma, G. Gervasini, F. Ghezzi, G. Grosso, F. Murtas, R. Pasqualotto, E. Perelli Cippo, M. Tardocchi, M. Tollin, and G. Gorini

Abstract

The ITER neutral beam test facility under construction in Padova will host two experimental devices: SPIDER, a 100 kV negative hydrogen/deuterium RF source, and MITICA, a full scale, 1 MeV deuterium beam injector. A number of diagnostics will be deployed in the two facilities to qualify the beams [1]. This paper reports the design of a neutron diagnostic for SPIDER, as a first step towards the application of this diagnostic technique to MITICA, where it would be particularly useful to resolve the horizontal beam intensity profile. The proposed detection system is called CNESM which stands for Close-contact Neutron Emission Surface Mapping. The CNESM diagnostic is placed right behind the SPIDER beam dump, as close to the neutron emitting surface as possible and aims at providing the map of the neutron emission on the beam dump surface. The CNESM uses nGEM as neutron detectors [2]. These are Gas Electron Multiplier detectors equipped with a cathode that also serves as neutron-proton converter foil. The cathode is at about 30 mm from the beam dump front surface. It is designed to ensure that most of the detected neutrons at a point of the nGEM surface are emitted from the corresponding 40x22 mm2 beamlet footprint on the dump front surface. The nGEM readout pads (area 20x22 mm2) will record a useful count rate of ?5 kHz providing a time resolution of better than 1 s. Each nGEM detector maps the neutron emission from a group of 5x16 beamlets: 16 nGEM would be needed to cover the entire beam dump. The diagnostic was designed on the basis of simulations of the different steps from the deuteron beam interaction with the beam dump to the neutron detection in the nGEM. The deuteron eposition inside the dump was simulated with the TRIM code providing the deposition profiles. Neutron scattering was simulated with the MCNPX code. The scattering contribution is estimated at ?10% of the neutrons recorded by the nGEM when only neutrons with energy > 2 MeV are detected. The directional response of the nGEM to neutrons reduces the scattering contribution to a much lower level. The CNESM can be complemented by a number of Fission Diamond Detectors (FDD) [3]. FDDs combine the neutron response of a uranium foil with the radiation hardness of a diamond detector. FDDs can be mounted directly on the beam dump and can operate in vacuum as well as at room pressure. The main difference between SPIDER and MITICA is the x100 larger neutron fluxes expected. This requires a reassessment including further tests of the radiation hardness of the signal readout electronics. The beam dump geometry with alternating 20 mm diameter swirl tubes means that the detectors can be placed at a distance ?40 mm from the neutron source compared to ?30 mm on SPIDER. The effective spatial resolution of the measurement will scale with the achieved source-detector distance. This work was set up in collaboration and financial support of F4E. [1] R. Pasqualotto, this conference. [2] B.Esposito et al, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. A (2009), doi:10.1016/j.nima.2009.06.101 [3] M.Rebai et al, accepted for publication in Nucl. Phys. B (2011)

Published
2011

38. MITICA neutron diagnostic: Conceptual design

Author

G. Gorini, M. Rebai, A. Galassi, E. Perelli Cippo, G. Gervasini, F. Ghezzi, G. Grosso, F. Murtas, M. Tardocchi, R. Pasqualotto, M. Fincato, G. Croci, and M. Tollin

Published
2011

39. Recent developments of MicroPattern Gaseous Detectors technologies

Author

G Croci and Croci, G

Subjects
Physics, Gaseous detectors, Nuclear physics, GEM, Large area, Nuclear engineering, Micromega, MicroMegas detector, RD51, MPGD
Abstract

RD51 collaboration was founded in April 2008 to coordinate and facilitate the development of micropattern gaseous detectors (MPGDs). 59 institutes from 20 countries bundled their effort, experience and resources to develop these emerging micropattern technologies. MPGDs are already employed in several nuclear and high-energy physics experiments, medical imaging instruments and photodetection applications; many further applications are foreseen. They outperform traditional wire chambers in terms of rate capability, time and position resolution, granularity, stability and radiation hardness. One of the most challenging goals is the possibility to realize large area MPGDs (in particular GEMs, ThickGEMs and Micromegas) for future experiments and possible LHC upgrades. In order to achieve this goal new MPGDs production techniques are being studied

Published
2010
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41. The quest for a third generation of gaseous photon detectors for Cherenkov imaging counters

Author

M. Alexeev, R. Birsa, F. Bradamante, A. Bressan, M. Chiosso, P. Ciliberti, G. Croci, M.L. Colantoni, S. Dalla Torre, S. Duarte Pinto, O. Denisov, V. Diaz, V. Duic, A. Ferrero, M. Finger, M. Finger Jr., H. Fischer, G. Giacomini, M. Giorgi, B. Gobbo, R. Hagemann, F.H. Heinsius, F. Herrmann, K. Königsmann, D. Kramer, L. Lauser, S. Levorato, A. Maggiora, A. Martin, G. Menon, A. Mutter, F. Nerling, D. Panzieri, G. Pesaro, J. Polak, E. Rocco, L. Ropeleswki, F. Sauli, G. Sbrizzai, P. Schiavon, C. Schill, S. Schopferer, M. Slunecka, F. Sozzi, L. Steiger, M. Sulc, S. Takekawa, F. Tessarotto, H. Wollny, Alexeev, M, Birsa, R, Bradamante, F, Bressan, A, Chiosso, M, Ciliberti, P, Croci, G, Colantoni, M, Dalla Torre, S, Duarte Pinto, S, Denisov, O, Diaz, V, Duic, V, Ferrero, A, Finger, M, M., F, Fischer, H, Giacomini, G, Giorgi, M, Gobbo, B, Hagemann, R, Heinsius, F, Herrmann, F, Königsmann, K, Kramer, D, Lauser, L, Levorato, S, Maggiora, A, Martin, A, Menon, G, Mutter, A, Nerling, F, Panzieri, D, Pesaro, G, Polak, J, Rocco, E, Ropeleswki, L, Sauli, F, Sbrizzai, G, Schiavon, P, Schill, C, Schopferer, S, Slunecka, M, Sozzi, F, Steiger, L, Sulc, M, Takekawa, S, Tessarotto, F, Wollny, H, Alexeev, M., Birsa, R., Bradamante, Franco, Bressan, Andrea, Chiosso, M., Ciliberti, Piero, Croci, G., Colantoni, M. L., Dalla Torre, S., Pinto, S. D., Denisov, O., Diaz, V., Duic, Venicio, Ferrero, A., Finger, M., Fischer, H., Giacomini, G., Giorgi, Marcello, Gobbo, B., Hagemann, R., Heinsius, F. H., Herrmann, F., Konigsmann, K., Kramer, D., Lauser, L., Levorato, Stefano, Maggiora, A., Martin, Anna, Menon, G., Mutter, A., Nerling, F., Panzieri, D., Pesaro, Giulia, Polak, J., Rocco, E., Ropeleswki, L., Sauli, F., Sbrizzai, Giulio, Schiavon, Paolo, Schill, C., Schopferer, S., Slunecka, M., Sozzi, Federica, Steiger, L., Sulc, M., Takekawa, Stefano, Tessarotto, F., and Wollny, H.

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Rich, cherenkov, pid, Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Instrumentation, Detector, Photon detector, COMPASS, Third generation, Ion, Thick GEM, Optics, Photon detection, Gaseous ionization detectors, CsI photoconverter, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

RICH (Ring Imaging CHerenkov) counters for PID in the high momentum domain and in large acceptance experiments require photon detectors covering extended surface (several square meters) and able to accept Cherenkov photons in a wide angular range. An ideal approach is represented by gaseous photon detectors, which allow covering wide surfaces at affordable costs. The first generation of these detectors was based on the use of organic vapors. The second generation consists of CsI photocathodes and open geometry gaseous detectors (MWPC). In spite of the success of this approach, some limits of the technique arise from the bombardment of the photocathodes by the ions generated in the amplification process and by the photon feedback. A third generation of gaseous photon detectors using closed geometry, as those possible with multistage arrangements of micropattern gaseous detectors, can overcome the observed limitations. We have started an R&D programme to develop a Thick-GEM-based photon detector and we report about our initial studies. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Published
2009

44. Development of THGEM-based photon detectors for Cherenkov Imaging Counters

Author

M Alexeev, M Alfonsi, R Birsa, F Bradamante, A Bressan, M Chiosso, P Ciliberti, G Croci, M L Colantoni, S Dalla Torre, O Denisov, S Duarte Pinto, V Duic, A Ferrero, M Finger, H Fischer, G Giacomini, M Giorgi, B Gobbo, R Hagemann, F H Heinsius, F Herrmann, V Jahodova, K Königsmann, D Kramer, L Lauser, S Levorato, A Maggiora, A Martin, G Menon, A Mutter, F Nerling, D Panzieri, G Pesaro, J Polak, E Rocco, L Ropeleswki, F Sauli, G Sbrizzai, P Schiavon, C Schill, S Schopferer, M Slunecka, F Sozzi, L Steiger, M Sulc, S Takekawa, F Tessarotto, H Wollny, Alexeev, M, Alfonsi, M, Birsa, R, Bradamante, F, Bressan, A, Chiosso, M, Ciliberti, P, Croci, G, Colantoni, L, Dalla Torre, S, Denisov, O, Duarte Pinto, S, Duic, V, Ferrero, A, Finger, M, M., F, Fischer, H, Giacomini, G, Giorgi, M, Gobbo, B, Hagemann, R, Heinsius, H, Herrmann, F, Jahodova, V, Königsmann, K, Kramer, D, Lauser, L, Levorato, S, Maggiora, A, Martin, A, Menon, G, Mutter, A, Nerling, F, Panzieri, D, Pesaro, G, Polak, J, Rocco, E, Ropeleswki, L, Sauli, F, Sbrizzai, G, Schiavon, P, Schill, C, Schopferer, S, Slunecka, M, Sozzi, F, Steiger, L, Sulc, M, Takekawa, S, Tessarotto, F, Wollny, H, M., Alexeev, M., Alfonsi, Birsa, Renato, Bradamante, Franco, Bressan, Andrea, M., Chiosso, Ciliberti, Piero, G., Croci, M. L., Colantoni, S., Dalla Torre, O., Denisov, S., Duarte Pinto, Duic, Venicio, A., Ferrero, M., Finger, M., Finger Jr, H., Fischer, G., Giacomini, Giorgi, Marcello, B., Gobbo, R., Hagemann, F. H., Heinsiu, F., Herrmann, V., Jahodova, K., K¨onigsmann, D., Kramer, L., Lauser, Levorato, Stefano, A., Maggiora, Martin, Anna, G., Menon, A., Mutter, F., Nerling, D., Panzieri, Pesaro, Giulia, J., Polak, E., Rocco, L., Ropeleswki, F., Sauli, Sbrizzai, Giulio, Schiavon, Paolo, C., Schill, S., Schopferer, M., Slunecka, Sozzi, Federica, L., Steiger, M., Sulc, Takekawa, Stefano, F., Tessarottoc, and H., Wollny

Subjects
Photon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Particle detector, Photocathode, Particle identification, Electron multipliers (gas), Optics, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Photon detectors for UV, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Cherenkov radiation, Physics, business.industry, Detector, thickGEM, MicroMegas detector, detector development, Micro-pattern gas detectors, Photoelectric effect, Micropattern gaseous detectors (MSGC GEM THGEM RETHGEM MICROMEGAS InGrid etc), Visible and IR photons (gas) (gas-photocathodes solid-photocathodes), Gas electron multiplier, business, Cherenkov detector
Abstract

The development of a large size gaseous detector of single photons, able to stably operate at high gain and high rate, and to provide good time resolution and insensitivity to magnetic field would be beneficial to future Cherenkov Imaging Counters. The detector could be based on the use of a multilayer architecture of THGEM electron multipliers coupled to a solid state CsI photocathode. A systematic study of the response of THGEM-based counters versus the geometrical parameters has been performed and the main results will be presented. Small photon detector prototypes have been built and preliminary data obtained detecting single photoelectrons are presented as well. The key aspect of photoelectron extraction from the photocathode is illustrated presenting both simulation and dedicated measurement results. © 2010 IOP Publishing Ltd and SISSA

Published
2010
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45. Identification and expression of NEU3, a novel human sialidase associated to the plasma membrane

Author

E, Monti, M T, Bassi, N, Papini, M, Riboni, M, Manzoni, B, Venerando, G, Croci, A, Preti, A, Ballabio, G, Tettamanti, and G, Borsani

Subjects
DNA, Complementary, Blotting, Western, Lipid Bilayers, Molecular Sequence Data, Neuraminidase, Transfection, Gangliosides, Animals, Humans, Tissue Distribution, Amino Acid Sequence, Cloning, Molecular, Gene Library, Expressed Sequence Tags, Base Sequence, Models, Genetic, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11, Cell Membrane, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Blotting, Northern, Alternative Splicing, Kinetics, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, Microscopy, Fluorescence, COS Cells, Research Article
Abstract

Several mammalian sialidases have been described so far, suggesting the existence of numerous polypeptides with different tissue distributions, subcellular localizations and substrate specificities. Among these enzymes, plasma-membrane-associated sialidase(s) have a pivotal role in modulating the ganglioside content of the lipid bilayer, suggesting their involvement in the complex mechanisms governing cell-surface biological functions. Here we describe the identification and expression of a human plasma-membrane-associated sialidase, NEU3, isolated starting from an expressed sequence tag (EST) clone. The cDNA for this sialidase encodes a 428-residue protein containing a putative transmembrane helix, a YRIP (single-letter amino acid codes) motif and three Asp boxes characteristic of sialidases. The polypeptide shows high sequence identity (78%) with the membrane-associated sialidase recently purified and cloned from Bos taurus. Northern blot analysis showed a wide pattern of expression of the gene, in both adult and fetal human tissues. Transient expression in COS7 cells permitted the detection of a sialidase activity with high activity towards ganglioside substrates at a pH optimum of 3.8. Immunofluorescence staining of the transfected COS7 cells demonstrated the protein's localization in the plasma membrane.

Published
2000

46. The same molecular mechanism at the maternal meiosis I produces mono- and dicentric 8p duplications

Author

G, Floridia, M, Piantanida, A, Minelli, C, Dellavecchia, C, Bonaglia, E, Rossi, G, Gimelli, G, Croci, F, Franchi, S, Gilgenkrantz, P, Grammatico, L, Dalprá, S, Wood, C, Danesino, and O, Zuffardi

Subjects
Male, Polymorphism, Genetic, Models, Genetic, Centromere, Brain, Chromosome Mapping, Syndrome, Meiosis, Face, Intellectual Disability, Multigene Family, Humans, Abnormalities, Multiple, Female, Crossing Over, Genetic, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8, Research Article
Abstract

We studied 16 cases of 8p duplications, with a karyotype 46,XX or XY,dup(8p), associated with mental retardation, facial dysmorphisms, and brain defects. We demonstrate that these 8p rearrangements can be either dicentric (6 cases) with the second centromere at the tip of the short arm or monocentric (10 cases). The distal 8p23 region, from D8S349 to the telomere, including the defensin 1 locus, is deleted in all the cases. The region spanning from D8S252 to D8S265, at the proximal 8p23 region, is present in single copy, and the remaining part of the abnormal 8 short arm is duplicated in the dicentric cases and partially duplicated in the monocentric ones. The distal edge of the duplication always spans up to D8S552 (8p23.1), while its proximal edge includes the centromere in the dicentric cases and varies from case to case in the monocentric ones. The analysis of DNA polymorphisms indicates that the rearrangement is consistently of maternal origin. In the deleted region, only paternal alleles were present in the patient. In the duplicated region, besides one paternal allele, some loci showed two different maternal alleles, while others, which were duplicated by FISH analysis, showed only one maternal allele. We hypothesize that, at maternal meiosis I, there was abnormal pairing of chromosomes 8 followed by anomalous crossover at the regions delimited by D8S552 and D8S35 and by D8S252 and D8S349, which presumably contain inverted repeated sequences. The resulting dicentric chromosome, 8qter-8p23.1(D8S552)::8p23.1-(D8S35)-8q ter, due to the presence of two centromeres, breaks at anaphase I, generating an inverted duplicated 8p, dicentric if the breakage occurs at the centromere or monocentric if it occurs between centromeres.

Published
1996

47. History, observation and mathematical models in the seismic analysis of the Valadier abutment area in the Colosseum

Author

R. Liburdi, G. Croci, and Dina D'Ayala

Subjects
Mathematical model, numerical analysis, Historical records, Interpretation (philosophy), Modal analysis, lcsh:QC801-809, Abutment, seismic behaviour, lcsh:QC851-999, Civil engineering, Roman Colosseum, Seismic analysis, lcsh:Geophysics. Cosmic physics, Geophysics, lcsh:Meteorology. Climatology, Direct integration of a beam, Geology, Historical record, Reliability (statistics)
Abstract

The present work aimed to outline the need to investigate different fields of research to interpret the structural behaviour of a monument as complex as the Colosseum. It is shown how defining the numerical models first. then refining them, followed by interpretation of results. is strictly linked with the inforination gathered from historical records and observation of the ~nonumenta s it is today. The study is confined to the area of the Valadier abutment. analysing its state and its seismic behaviour before and after the XIX century restoration using different ilumerical tools, from the elastic modal analysis to the non linear step by step time history direct integration. The procedure comparati\ely evaluates the reliability in the interpretation of the results and identifies future lines or research.

Published
1995

48. Characterization and mapping of the 5′ portion of von Willebrand factor pseudogene

Author

P. Patracchini, Giovanna Marchetti, V. Aiello, G Croci, Elisa Calzolari, and Francesco Bernardi

Subjects
Male, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22, Pseudogene, Molecular Sequence Data, Biology, Gene mapping, Von Willebrand factor, Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive, hemic and lymphatic diseases, DiGeorge syndrome, von Willebrand Factor, Genetics, medicine, Humans, Metaphase, In Situ Hybridization, Genetics (clinical), breakpoint cluster region, Karyotype, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, Karyotyping, biology.protein, Molecular probe, Pseudogenes
Abstract

A genomic fragment containing the 5' boundary of the von Willebrand factor pseudogene was cloned, partially sequenced and used for in situ hybridization experiments on metaphase spreads from a Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia patient. Data obtained indicate that the von Willebrand factor pseudogenic region is centromeric to the breakpoint cluster region on 22q11.2. This probe could be used for the study of deletions in the DiGeorge syndrome.

Published
1992

49. Parental mosaicism in de novo translocation (21q21q) Down's syndrome

Author

F Franchi and G Croci

Subjects
Genetics, Adult, Male, Down syndrome, S syndrome, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 21, Mosaicism, Genetic counseling, Infant, Newborn, Aneuploidy, Chromosomal translocation, Genetic Counseling, Biology, medicine.disease, Infant newborn, Translocation, Genetic, medicine, Humans, Down Syndrome, Trisomy, Genetics (clinical), Research Article
Published
1991

50. Atrial septal defect type Ostium secundum with and without prolonged atrioventricular conduction

Author

A. Sensi, Giuliano Bosi, S. Giusti, Marco Scorrano, Elisa Calzolari, and G. Croci

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Foramen secundum, Chromosome Disorders, Genetic Counseling, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Child, Genes, Dominant, Chromosome Aberrations, business.industry, Genetic Carrier Screening, Atrioventricular conduction, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Middle Aged, Pedigree, Heart Block, Child, Preschool, Cardiology, Female, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Follow-Up Studies
Published
1995
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