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1. Early pregnancy exposure to metal mixture and birth outcomes – A prospective study in Project Viva

Author

Mohammad L. Rahman, Emily Oken, Marie-France Hivert, Sheryl Rifas-Shiman, Pi-I D. Lin, Elena Colicino, Robert O. Wright, Chitra Amarasiriwardena, Birgit G. Claus Henn, Diane R. Gold, Brent A. Coull, and Andres Cardenas

Subjects
Metals, Environmental exposure, Birth outcome, Arsenic, Manganese, Lead, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Background: Prenatal exposure to metals has been individually associated with birth outcomes. However, little is known about the effect of metal mixture, particularly at low exposure levels. Objectives: To estimate individual and joint effects of metal mixture components on birth outcomes. Methods: We used data from 1,391 mother-infant pairs in Project Viva (1999–2002). We measured 11 metals in maternal 1st trimester erythrocyte; abstracted birth weight from medical records; calculated gestational age from last menstrual period or ultrasound; and obtained birth length (n = 729) and head circumference (n = 791) from research measurements. We estimated individual and joint effects of metals using multivariable linear and Bayesian kernel machine regressions. Results: In both single metal and metal mixture analyses, exposure to higher concentrations of arsenic was associated with lower birth weight in males, zinc with higher head circumference in females, and manganese with higher birth length in sex-combined analysis. We also observed sex-specific metal interactions with birth outcomes. Arsenic and manganese showed a synergistic association with birth weight in males, in whom an interquartile range (IQR) increase in arsenic was associated with 25.3 g (95% CI: −79.9, 29.3), 47.9 g (95% CI: −98.0, 2.1), and 72.2 g (95% CI: −129.8, −14.7) lower birth weight when manganese concentrations were at 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, respectively. Lead and zinc showed an antagonistic association with head circumference in males, where an IQR increase in lead was associated with 0.18 cm (95% CI: −0.35, −0.02), 0.10 cm (95% CI: −0.25, 0.04), 0.03 cm (95% CI: −0.2, 0.14) smaller head circumference when zinc concentrations were at 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles, respectively. Exposure to higher concentrations of arsenic was also associated with lower gestational age in males when concentrations of manganese and lead were higher. Discussion: Maternal erythrocyte concentrations of arsenic, manganese, lead, and zinc were individually and interactively associated with birth outcomes. The associations varied by infant sex and exposure level of other mixture components.

Published
2021
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2. Infrastructure for Detector Research and Development towards the International Linear Collider

Author

Aguilar, J., Ambalathankandy, P., Fiutowski, T., Idzik, M., Kulis, Sz., Przyborowski, D., Swientek, K., Bamberger, A., Köhli, M., Lupberger, M., Renz, U., Schumacher, M., Zwerger, Andreas, Calderone, A., Cussans, D. G., Heath, H. F., Mandry, S., Page, R. F., Velthuis, J. J., Attié, D., Calvet, D., Colas, P., Coppolani, X., Degerli, Y., Delagnes, E., Gelin, M., Giomataris, I., Lutz, P., Orsini, F., Rialot, M., Senée, F., Wang, W., Alozy, J., Apostolakis, J., Aspell, P., Bergsma, F., Campbell, M., Formenti, F., Santos, H. Franca, Garcia, E. Garcia, de Gaspari, M., Giudice, P. -A., Grefe, Ch., Grichine, V., Hauschild, M., Ivantchenko, V., Kehrli, A., Kloukinas, K., Linssen, L., Cudie, X. Llopart, Marchioro, A., Musa, L., Ribon, A., Trampitsch, G., Uzhinskiy, V., Anduze, M., Beyer, E., Bonnemaison, A., Boudry, V., Brient, J. -C., Cauchois, A., Clerc, C., Cornat, R., Frotin, M., Gastaldi, F., Jauffret, C., Jeans, D., Karar, A., Mathieu, A., de Freitas, P. Mora, Musat, G., Rougé, A., Ruan, M., Vanel, J. -C., Videau, H., Besson, A., de Masi, G. Claus. R., Doziere, G., Dulinski, W., Goffe, M., Himmi, A., Hu-Guo, Ch., Morel, F., Valin, I., Winter, M., Bonis, J., Callier, S., Cornebise, P., Dulucq, F., Giannelli, M. Faucci, Fleury, J., Guilhem, G., Martin-Chassard, G., de la Taille, Ch., Pöschl, R., Raux, L., Seguin-Moreau, N., Wicek, F., Benyamna, M., Bonnard, J., Cârloganu, C., Fehr, F., Gay, P., Mannen, S., Royer, L., Charpy, A., Da Silva, W., David, J., Dhellot, M., Imbault, D., Ghislain, P., Kapusta, F., Pham, T. Hung, Savoy-Navarro, A., Sefri, R., Dzahini, D., Giraud, J., Grondin, D., Hostachy, J. -Y., Morin, L., Bassignana, D., Pellegrini, G., Lozano, M., Quirion, D., Fernandez, M., Jaramillo, R., Munoz, F. J., Vila, I., Dolezal, Z., Drasal, Z., Kodys, P., Kvasnicka, P., Aplin, S., Bachynska, O., Behnke, T., Behr, J., Dehmelt, K., Engels, J., Gadow, K., Gaede, F., Garutti, E., Göttlicher, P., Gregor, I. -M., Haas, T., Henschel, H., Koetz, U., Lange, W., Libov, V., Lohmann, W., Lutz, B., Mnich, J., Muhl, C., Ohlerich, M., Potylitsina-Kube, N., Prahl, V., Reinecke, M., Roloff, P., Rosemann, Ch., Rubinski, Igor, Schade, P., Schuwalov, S., Sefkow, F., Terwort, M., Volkenborn, R., Kalliopuska, J., Mehtaelae, P., Orava, R., van Remortel, N., Cvach, J., Janata, M., Kvasnicka, J., Marcisovsky, M., Polak, I., Sicho, P., Smolik, J., Vrba, V., Zalesak, J., Bergauer, T., Dragicevic, M., Friedl, M., Haensel, S., Irmler, C., Kiesenhofer, W., Krammer, M., Valentan, M., Piemontese, L., Cotta-Ramusino, A., Bulgheroni, A., Jastrzab, M., Caccia, M., Re, V., Ratti, L., Traversi, G., Dewulf, J. -P., Janssen, X., De Lentdecker, G., Yang, Y., Bryngemark, L., Christiansen, P., Gross, P., Jönsson, L., Ljunggren, M., Lundberg, B., Mjörnmark, U., Oskarsson, A., Richert, T., Stenlund, E., Österman, L., Rummel, S., Richter, R., Andricek, L., Ninkovich, J., Koffmane, Ch., Moser, H. -G., Boisvert, V., Green, B., Green, M. G., Misiejuk, A., Wu, T., Bilevych, Y., Carballo, V. M. Blanco, Chefdeville, M., de Nooij, L., Fransen, M., Hartjes, F., van der Graaf, H., Timmermans, J., Abramowicz, H., Ben-Hamu, Y., Jikhleb, I., Kananov, S., Levy, A., Levy, I., Sadeh, I., Schwartz, R., Stern, A., Goodrick, M. J., Hommels, L. B. A., Ward, R. Shaw. D. R., Daniluk, W., Kielar, E., Kotula, J., Moszczynski, A., Oliwa, K., Pawlik, B., Wierba, W., Zawiejski, L., Bailey, D. S., Kelly, M., Eigen, G., Brezina, Ch., Desch, K., Furletova, J., Kaminski, J., Killenberg, M., Köckner, F., Krautscheid, T., Krüger, H., Reuen, L., Wienemann, P., Zimmermann, R., Zimmermann, S., Bartsch, V., Postranecky, M., Warren, M., Wing, M., Corrin, E., Haas, D., Pohl, M., Diener, R., Fischer, P., Peric, I., Kaukher, A., Schäfer, O., Schröder, H., Wurth, R., and Zarnecki, A. F.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The EUDET-project was launched to create an infrastructure for developing and testing new and advanced detector technologies to be used at a future linear collider. The aim was to make possible experimentation and analysis of data for institutes, which otherwise could not be realized due to lack of resources. The infrastructure comprised an analysis and software network, and instrumentation infrastructures for tracking detectors as well as for calorimetry., Comment: 54 pages, 48 pictures

Published
2012

3. Results from single event effect tests with MIMOSIS-1

Author

B. Arnoldi-Meadows, J. Andary, O. Artz, J. Baudot, G. Bertolone, A. Besson, N. Bialas, R. Bugiel, G. Claus, C. Colledani, H. Darwish, M. Deveaux, A. Dorokhov, G. Dozière, Z. El Bitar, I. Fröhlich, M. Goffe, F. Hebermehl, A. Himmi, C. Hu-Guo, K. Jaaskelainen, O. Keller, M. Koziel, F. Matejcek, J. Michel, F. Morel, C. Müntz, H. Pham, C. J. Schmidt, S. Schreiber, M. Specht, D. Spicker, J. Stroth, I. Valin, K.-O. Voss, R. Weirich, Y. Zhao, and M. Winter

Subjects
Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics
Abstract

Being installed as close as 5.5 mm to the beam axis, the Micro Vertex Detector (mvd) of the cbm experiment will be exposed to a sizable flow of heavy beam ions and nuclear fragments. The cmos Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor for the mvd, mimosis, must resist the related heavy ion impacts without permanent damage or frequent interrupt of operation as caused by single event effects (see). We motivate the requirements on the sensor and introduce our concept for protecting the device against sees. Moreover, we report the results of a related test campaign carried out with the first full size sensor prototype, mimosis-1, and different heavy ion beams at gsi.

Published
2023
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4. Measurements of Beam Backgrounds in SuperKEKB Phase 2

Author

Z. Liptak, A. Paladino, L. Santelj, J. Schueler, S. Stefkova, H. Tanigawa, N. Tsuzuki, A. Aloisio, P. Ahlburg, P. Bambade, G. Bassi, M. Barrett, J. Baudot, T.E. Browder, G. Casarosa, G. Cautero, D. Cinabro, G. Claus, D. Cuesta, F. Di Capua, S. Di Carlo, J. Flanagan, A. Frey, B.G. Fulsom, Y. Funakoshi, M. Gabriel, R. Giordano, D. Giuressi, M. Goffe, K. Hara, O. Hartbrich, M.T. Hedges, D. Heuchel, N. Iida, T. Ishibashi, K. Jaaskelainen, D. Jehanno, S. de Jong, T. Kraetzschmar, C. La Licata, L. Lanceri, P. Leitl, P.M. Lewis, C. Marinas, C. Miller, H. Moser, K.R. Nakamura, H. Nakayama, C. Niebuhr, Y. Onuki, C. Pang, B. Paschen, I. Ripp-Baudot, G. Rizzo, J.M. Roney, H. Schreeck, B. Schwenker, F. Simon, M. Specht, B. Spruck, Y. Soloviev, M. Szelezniak, S. Tanaka, S. Terui, G. Tortone, T. Tsuboyama, Y. Uematsu, S.E. Vahsen, L. Vitale, H. Windel, Liptak, Z., Paladino, A., Santelj, L., Schueler, J., Stefkova, S., Tanigawa, H., Tsuzuki, N., Aloisio, A., Ahlburg, P., Bambade, P., Bassi, G., Barrett, M., Baudot, J., Browder, T. E., Casarosa, G., Cautero, G., Cinabro, D., Claus, G., Cuesta, D., Di Capua, F., Di Carlo, S., Flanagan, J., Frey, A., Fulsom, B. G., Funakoshi, Y., Gabriel, M., Giordano, R., Giuressi, D., Goffe, M., Hara, K., Hartbrich, O., Hedges, M. T., Heuchel, D., Iida, N., Ishibashi, T., Jaaskelainen, K., Jehanno, D., de Jong, S., Kraetzschmar, T., La Licata, C., Lanceri, L., Leitl, P., Lewis, P. M., Marinas, C., Miller, C., Moser, H., Nakamura, K. R., Nakayama, H., Niebuhr, C., Onuki, Y., Pang, C., Paschen, B., Ripp-Baudot, I., Rizzo, G., Roney, J. M., Schreeck, H., Schwenker, B., Simon, F., Specht, M., Spruck, B., Soloviev, Y., Szelezniak, M., Tanaka, S., Terui, S., Tortone, G., Tsuboyama, T., Uematsu, Y., Vahsen, S. E., Vitale, L., and Windel, H.

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, SuperKEKB, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Accelerator background, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Beam background, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Belle II, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation
Abstract

The high design luminosity of the SuperKEKB electron-positron collider will result in challenging levels of beam-induced backgro\ unds in the interaction region. Understanding and mitigating these backgrounds is critical to the success of the Belle~II experi\ ment. We report on the first background measurements performed after roll-in of the Belle II detector, a period known as SuperKE\ KB Phase 2, utilizing both the BEAST II system of dedicated background detectors and the Belle II detector itself. We also repor\ t on first revisions to the background simulation made in response to our findings. Backgrounds measured include contributions f\ rom synchrotron radiation, beam-gas, Touschek, and injection backgrounds. At the end of Phase 2, single-beam backgrounds origina\ ting from the 4 GeV positron Low Energy Ring (LER) agree reasonably well with simulation, while backgrounds from the 7 GeV elect\ ron High Energy Ring (HER) are approximately one order of magnitude higher than simulation. We extrapolate these backgrounds for\ ward and conclude it is safe to install the Belle II vertex detector., Comment: 22 Pages, 33 figures

Published
2021
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7. Latest Results on the Radiation Tolerance of Diamond Detectors

Author

Daniele Passeri, Jacopo Forneris, Federico Picollo, Monica Scaringella, Thomas Hofmann, Keida Kanxheri, J. Goldstein, M. Gastal, K. K. Gan, N. Wermes, Marco Truccato, Aidan Grummer, Denis Dauvergne, M. Bartosik, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Mara Bruzzi, Chris Hutton, John Perry Cumalat, M. Traeger, Wim De Boer, M. Dunser, Harris Kagan, R. Wallny, Andrej Gorišek, J. Moss, R. Mountain, Re Alessandro, A. Quadt, Fabian Hügging, Laurent Gallin-Martel, A. Scorzoni, Stefano Lagomarsino, Jean-Marie Brom, Ivan Lopez Paz, I. Mandic, Andreas Alexopoulos, M. Pomorski, B. Sopko, Bojan Hiti, M. Yamouni, C. Tuve, Stefan M Spanier, J. Grosse-Knetter, Christian Dorfer, S. Spagnolo, J. J. Velthuis, R. Kass, M. Goffe, M. Hoeferkamp, W. Trischuk, Moritz Guthoff, Vladimir Cindro, Arianna Morozzi, M. Menichelli, V. Sopko, Helge Christoph Beck, V. Bellini, J. Hosselet, V. Belyaev, D. Hits, Marko Mikuz, M.-L. Gallin-Martel, A. Golubev, Sally Seidel, V. Eremin, Christian Schmidt, D.S. Smith, S. Roe, Silvio Sciortino, Roberto Perrino, B. Stugu, B. Bentele, Jens Janssen, Paolo Olivero, Alessandro Lo Giudice, N. Venturi, Ana Lacoste, Justas Zalieckas, F. Rarbi, Marina Artuso, M. Zavrtanik, Lukas Baeni, C. M. Sutera, S. Kuleshov, C. Mathieu, J. Collot, Diego Alejandro Sanz Becerra, M. Kis, Michael Philipp Reichmann, Enrico Junior Schioppa, G. Chiodini, G. Forcolin, A. Bes, D. Chren, L. Servoli, S. Wagner, C. Maazouzi, Eric Lukosi, E. Grigoriev, Oh Alexander, Jing Wang, H. Pernegger, Robert Stone, A. Dabrowski, G. Eigen, F. Bachmair, Kevin Stenson, S. Schnetzer, G. Claus, R. Potenza, G. Kramberger, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Rd42, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Baeni, Luka, Alexopoulos, Andrea, Artuso, Marina, Bachmair, Felix, Bartosik, Marcin Ryszard, Beck, Helge Christoph, Bellini, Vincenzo, Belyaev, Vladimir, Bentele, Benjamin, Bes, Alexandre, Brom, Jean-Marie, Bruzzi, Mara, Chiodini, Gabriele, Chren, Dominik, Cindro, Vladimir, Claus, Gille, Collot, Johann, Cumalat, John, Dabrowski, Anne, D'Alessandro, Raffaello, Dauvergne, Deni, De Boer, Wim, Dorfer, Christian, Dunser, Marc, Eigen, Gerald, Eremin, Vladimir, Forcolin, Giulio Tiziano, Forneris, Jacopo, Gallin-Martel, Laurent, Gallin-Martel, Marie-Laure, Gan, K. K., Gastal, Martin, Goffe, Mathieu, Goldstein, Joel, Golubev, Alexander, Gorišek, Andrej, Grigoriev, Eugene, Grosse-Knetter, Jörn, Grummer, Aidan, Guthoff, Moritz, Hiti, Bojan, Hits, Dmitry, Hoeferkamp, Martin Robert, Hofmann, Thoma, Hosselet, Jérôme, Hügging, Fabian, Hutton, Chri, Janssen, Jen, Kagan, Harri, Kanxheri, Keida, Kass, Richard, Kis, Mladen, Kramberger, Gregor, Kuleshov, Sergey, Lacoste, Ana, Lagomarsino, Stefano, Lo Giudice, Alessandro, Lopez Paz, Ivan, Lukosi, Eric, Maazouzi, Chaker, Mandić, Igor, Mathieu, Cédric, Menichelli, Mauro, Mikuz, Marko, Morozzi, Arianna, Moss, Joshua, Mountain, Raymond, Oh, Alexander, Olivero, Paolo, Passeri, Daniele, Pernegger, Heinz, Perrino, Roberto, Picollo, Federico, Pomorski, Michal, Potenza, Renato, Quadt, Arnulf, Rarbi, Fatah Ellah, Re, Alessandro, Reichmann, Michael Philipp, Roe, Shaun, Sanz Becerra, Diego Alejandro, Scaringella, Monica, Schmidt, Christian, Schnetzer, Stephen, Schioppa, Enrico Junior, Sciortino, Silvio, Scorzoni, Andrea, Seidel, Sally, Servoli, Leonello, Smith, Dale Shane, Sopko, Bruno, Sopko, Vit, Spagnolo, Stefania, Spanier, Stefan, Stenson, Kevin, Stone, Robert, Stugu, Bjarne, Sutera, Concetta Maria, Traeger, Michael, Trischuk, William, Truccato, Marco, Tuve, Cristina, Velthuis, Jaap, Venturi, Nicola, Wagner, Stephen, Wallny, Rainer, Wang, J. C., Wermes, Norbert, Yamouni, Mahfoud, Zalieckas, Justa, Zavrtanik, Marko, Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
radiation tolerance, diamond detectors, Materials science, Nuclear Theory, Diamond, Chemical vapor deposition, engineering.material, Radiation tolerance, n: irradiation, engineering, Radiation damage, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Neutron, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, solid-state counter: diamond, Diamond detector, performance, radiation: damage, p: irradiation
Abstract

International audience; We have measured the radiation tolerance of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond against protons and neutrons. The relative radiation damage constant of 24 GeV protons, 800 MeV protons, 70 MeV protons, and fast reactor neutrons is presented. The results are used to combine the measured data into a universal damage curve for diamond material.

Published
2019
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8. Results on radiation tolerance of diamond detectors

Author

S. Wagner, C. Maazouzi, Jing Wang, M.-L. Gallin-Martel, Fabian Hügging, M. Gastal, Dominique Tromson, R. Kass, M. Bartosik, D.S. Smith, I. Haughton, Philippe Bergonzo, A. Dabrowski, H. Pernegger, E. Grigoriev, M. Traeger, Bin Gui, John Perry Cumalat, Andrej Gorišek, Michael Reichmann, Denis Dauvergne, F. Bachmair, C. Tuve, L. Gallin-Martel, D. Chren, Lukas Bäni, M. Dunser, R. Wallny, Kevin Stenson, Robert Stone, S. Spagnolo, Silvio Sciortino, L. Servoli, Roberto Perrino, V. Sopko, Arianna Morozzi, Grant Riley, Paolo Olivero, G. Chiodini, Marina Artuso, A. Lo Giudice, C.J. Schmidt, S. Roe, M. Hoeferkamp, Ana Lacoste, A. C. Taylor, J. Y. Hostachy, J. Goldstein, D. Sanz, C. Giroletti, V. Bellini, R. Mountain, R. Potenza, Eric Lukosi, M. Goffe, Miha Muskinja, K. K. Gan, A. Quadt, B. Bentele, G. Forcolin, Stefano Lagomarsino, Gregor Kasieczka, Douglas Schaefer, Stefan M Spanier, Monica Scaringella, C. M. Sutera, Sally Seidel, M. Kis, V. Eremin, J. Moss, N. Wermes, J. Hosslet, G. Kramberger, Jens Weingarten, C. Weiss, W. De Boer, J. J. Velthuis, A. Bes, Florian Kassel, Bojan Hiti, S. Schnetzer, C. Hutton, A. Golubev, G. Claus, Benjamin Bordy Tannenwald, T. Hofmann, Mara Bruzzi, M. Mikuž, M. Yamouni, W. Trischuk, M. Pomorski, Thorsten Wengler, Vladimir Cindro, M. Menichelli, James Beacham, B. Sopko, Jens Janssen, J. Grosse-Knetter, M. Zavrtanik, C. Mathieu, S. Kuleshov, J. Collot, N. Venturi, Christian Dorfer, I. Mandic, Daniele Passeri, Alexander Oh, Andreas Alexopoulos, Alessandra Re, D. Hits, Moritz Guthoff, Harris Kagan, V. Belyaev, J.-M. Brom, Jacopo Forneris, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Federico Picollo, A. Scorzoni, Helge Christoph Beck, Keida Kanxheri, Aidan Grummer, Ettore Vittone, S. Murphy, European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Syracuse University, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), The National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute) [Moscow, Russia], University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics [Moscow] (ITEP), National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC KI), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce (INFN, Sezione di Lecce), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Karlsruhe (TH), CERN [Genève], A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), University of Manchester [Manchester], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), University of Bristol [Bristol], The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universität Bonn = University of Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], California State University [Sacramento], Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Tennessee State University, New Mexico State University, Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH (MBH), Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung mbH, University of Toronto, Swiss National Science Foundation grant #20 FL20 _ 154216ETH grant 51 15-1 (Switzerland)Royal Society Grant UF120106 (United Kingdom)U.S. Department of Energy grant DE-SC0010061, European Project: 654168,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,AIDA-2020(2015), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bonn, and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-ACC-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Accelerator Physics [physics.acc-ph], Diamond detectors, Solid state detectors, Radiation hard detectors, 02 engineering and technology, Chemical vapor deposition, Radiation, engineering.material, 01 natural sciences, Radiation hard detectors, Nuclear physics, Radiation damage, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Solid state detectors, Diamond detectors, Instrumentation, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, 010401 analytical chemistry, Diamond, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Semiconductor detector, Upgrade, engineering, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; In sight of the luminosity increase of the High Luminosity-LHC (HL-LHC), most experiments at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are planning upgrades for their innermost layers in the next 5–10 years. These upgrades will require more radiation tolerant technologies than exist today. Usage of Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) diamond as detector material is one of the potentially interesting technologies for the upgrade. CVD diamond has been used extensively in the beam condition monitors of BaBar, Belle, CDF and all LHC experiments. Measurements of the radiation tolerance of the highest quality polycrystalline CVD material for a range of proton energies, pions and neutrons obtained with this material are presented. In addition, new results on the evolution of various semiconductor parameters as a function of the dose rate are described.

Published
2019
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9. Diamond detector technology, status and perspectives

Author

A. Quadt, M. Yamouni, H. Pernegger, G. Chiodini, W. Trischuk, Dominique Tromson, R. Wallny, Lukas Bäni, R. Potenza, K. K. Gan, G. Forcolin, Jing Wang, A. Bes, S. Dick, Michael Reichmann, M. Dunser, V. Sopko, Robert Stone, N. Wermes, Monica Scaringella, A. Golubev, Jens Weingarten, S. Wagner, S. Spagnolo, M. Hoeferkamp, R. D. Kass, Sally Seidel, V. Eremin, C. Maazouzi, Christian Schmidt, G. Kramberger, Benjamin Bordy Tannenwald, B. Sopko, D. Chren, M. Gastal, J. Y. Hostachy, Andrej Gorišek, C. Hutton, M. Bartosik, L. Servoli, Mara Bruzzi, I. Haughton, Philippe Bergonzo, A. Dabrowski, C. Weiss, J. Grosse-Knetter, Silvio Sciortino, Grant Riley, M. Traeger, T. Hofmann, V. Belyaev, John Perry Cumalat, Marko Mikuž, Stefano Lagomarsino, Alessandro Re, Roberto Perrino, V. Bellini, M.-L. Gallin-Martel, Florian Kassel, J. Moss, Stefan M Spanier, J. Hosslet, B. Bentele, S. Schnetzer, S. Roe, Denis Dauvergne, C. M. Sutera, M. Kis, C. Tuve, F. Bachmair, D. Sanz, G. Claus, E. Grigoriev, Bojan Hiti, C. Giroletti, R. Mountain, Arianna Morozzi, James Beacham, A. Lo Giudice, Paolo Olivero, W. De Boer, M. Goffe, J. J. Velthuis, B. Gui, J.-M. Brom, Ana Lacoste, D.S. Smith, Raffaello D'Alessandro, Eric Lukosi, L. Gallin-Martel, A. C. Taylor, Marina Artuso, Gregor Kasieczka, J. Goldstein, A. Scorzoni, Kevin Stenson, Douglas Schaefer, Andreas Alexopoulos, Thorsten Wengler, Vladimir Cindro, D. Hits, Christian Dorfer, Daniele Passeri, Jens Janssen, Ettore Vittone, S. Murphy, M. Muškinja, S. Kuleshov, M. Pomorski, J. Collot, M. Menichelli, Hans Peter Beck, N. Venturi, Fabian Hügging, Moritz Guthoff, I. Mandic, Alexander Oh, Harris Kagan, M. Zavrtanik, C. Mathieu, Jacopo Forneris, Federico Picollo, Keida Kanxheri, Aidan Grummer, Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), Syracuse University, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Catania (INFN), Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict), Moscow State Engineering Physics Institute (MEPhI), University of Colorado [Boulder], Laboratoire Capteurs Diamant (LCD-LIST), Département Métrologie Instrumentation & Information (DM2I), Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze (INFN, Sezione di Firenze), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Lecce (INFN, Sezione di Lecce), Czech Technical University in Prague (CTU), Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Universität Karlsruhe (TH), A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), University of Manchester [Manchester], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), University of Bristol [Bristol], Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics [Moscow] (ITEP), National Research Center 'Kurchatov Institute' (NRC KI), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Perugia (INFN, Sezione di Perugia), University of Karlsruhe (TH), Helmholtz zentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH (GSI), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], California State University [Sacramento], Rutgers University [Camden], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Laboratoire Capteurs et Architectures Electroniques (LCAE), University of Toronto, RD42 collaboration, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Università degli studi di Catania [Catania], Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Universität Goettingen (GZG), Universität Goettingen - Abteilung Allgemeine und Angewandte Geologie, Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies (LIST), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics (ITEP), Centre des recherches scientifiques de Russie « Institut Kourtchatov » (SIC 'Kurchatov Institute'), Goettingen University, Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics [Moscow] (ITEP), and Rutgers University

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, engineering.material, Tracking (particle physics), computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, 3D diamond detectors, diamond, sensor, Chemical vapor deposition, pCVD diamond, Diamond detectors, 3D diamond detectors, Radiation tolerant detectors, 0103 physical sciences, Chemical vapor deposition, Diamond detectors, pCVD diamond, Radiation tolerant detectors, Instrumentation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Radiation hardening, 010302 applied physics, Physics, instrumentation, Luminosity (scattering theory), Large Hadron Collider, detector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Diamond, Engineering physics, Upgrade, engineering, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Data mining, Particle physics experiments, computer
Abstract

The planned upgrade of the LHC to the High-Luminosity-LHC will push the luminosity limits above the original design values. Since the current detectors will not be able to cope with this environment ATLAS and CMS are doing research to find more radiation tolerant technologies for their innermost tracking layers. Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) diamond is an excellent candidate for this purpose. Detectors out of this material are already established in the highest irradiation regimes for the beam condition monitors at LHC. The RD42 collaboration is leading an effort to use CVD diamonds also as sensor material for the future tracking detectors. The signal behaviour of highly irradiated diamonds is presented as well as the recent study of the signal dependence on incident particle flux. There is also a recent development towards 3D detectors and especially 3D detectors with a pixel readout based on diamond sensors.

Published
2019
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10. CBM Collaboration

Author

T. Ablyazimov, A. Abuhoza, R. Adak, J. Adamczewski-Musch, M. Adamczyk, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, F. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, A. Akindinov, P. Akishin, E. Akishina, T. Akishina, V. Akishina, M. Al-Turany, E. Alexandrov, I. Alexandrov, S. Amar-Youcef, M. Anđelić, O. Andreeva, C. Andrei, A. Andronic, Yu. Anisimov, H. Appelshäuser, A. Arend, D. Argintaru, E. Atkin, S. Avdeev, R. Averbeck, M.D. Azmi, V. Baban, M. Bach, E. Badura, S. Baginyan, T. Balle, T. Balog, S. Bandyopadhyay, P. Banerjee, N. Baranova, T. Barczyk, D. Bartoş, S. Bashir, Z. Basrak, M. Baszczyk, O. Batenkov, V. Baublis, C. Baumann, M. Baznat, K.-H. Becker, T. Bel, S. Belogurov, J. Bendarouach, I. Berceanu, A. Bercuci, E. Berdermann, A. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikov, R. Berendes, C. Bergmann, D. Bertini, O. Bertini, C. Beşliu, O. Bezshyyko, P.P. Bhaduri, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, B. Bhattacharjee, A. Bhattacharyya, T.K. Bhattacharyya, S. Biswas, D. Blau, C. Blume, Yu. Bocharov, S. Böttger, M. Borysova, T. Breitner, U. Brüning, J. Brzychczyk, A. Bubak, H. Büsching, A. Bychkov, A. Byszuk, Xu Cai, M. Cãlin, Ping Cao, R. Čaplar, G. Caragheorgheopol, I. Carević, V. Cătănescu, A. Chakrabarti, S. Chatterji, Sanatan Chattopadhyay, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Hongfang Chen, Jianping Cheng, V. Chepurnov, S. Chernenko, A. Chernogorov, Kyung-Eon Choi, M.I. Ciobanu, G. Claus, F. Constantin, V. Covlea, M. Csanád, N. D'Ascenzo, S. Das, K. Davkov, V. Davkov, J. de Cuveland, B. Debnath, D. Dementiev, Zhi Deng, H. Deppe, I. Deppner, O. Derenovskaya, C.A. Deveaux, M. Deveaux, K. Dey, M. Dey, P. Dillenseger, V. Dobyrn, D. Doering, A. Dorokhov, A. Drozd, A.K. Dubey, S. Dubnichka, A. Dubnichkova, M. Dürr, W. Dulinski, L. Dutka, M. Dželalija, D. Emschermann, H. Engel, V. Eremin, T. Eşanu, J. Eschke, D. Eschweiler, Jongsik Eum, Huanhuan Fan, O. Fateev, I. Filozova, D. Finogeev, P. Fischer, H. Flemming, U. Frankenfeld, V. Friese, E. Friske, I. Fröhlich, J. Frühauf, Á. Fülöp, J. Gajda, T. Galatyuk, A. Galkin, V. Galkin, G. Gangopadhyay, C. García Chávez, I. Gašparić, J. Gebelein, P. Ghosh, S.K. Ghosh, M. Goffe, L. Golinka-Bezshyyko, V. Golovatyuk, S. Golovnya, V. Golovtsov, M. Golubeva, D. Golubkov, A. Gómez Ramírez, S. Gorbunov, S. Gorokhov, D. Gottschalk, P. Gryboś, A. Grzeszczuk, F. Guber, K. Gudima, A. Gupta, Yu. Gusakov, A. Haldar, S. Haldar, H. Hartmann, J. Hehner, K. Heidel, N. Heine, E. Hellbär, A. Herghelegiu, N. Herrmann, B. Heß, J.M. Heuser, A. Himmi, C. Höhne, R. Holzmann, Guangming Huang, Xinjie Huang, J. Hutsch, D. Hutter, E. Iakovleva, A. Ierusalimov, E.-M. Ilgenfritz, M. Irfan, M. Ivanov, Valery Ivanov, Victor Ivanov, Vladimir Ivanov, A. Ivashkin, K. Jaaskelainen, H. Jahan, V. Jain, V. Jakovlev, T. Janson, A. Jipa, I. Kadenko, B. Kämpfer, S. Kalcher, V. Kalinin, K.-H. Kampert, Tae Im Kang, E. Kaptur, R. Karabowicz, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, D. Karmanov, V. Karnaukhov, E. Karpechev, K. Kasiński, G. Kasprowicz, M. Kaur, A. Kazantsev, U. Kebschull, G. Kekelidze, M.M. Khan, S.A. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, F. Khasanov, A. Khvorostukhin, V. Kirakosyan, M. Kirejczyk, A. Kiryakov, M. Kiš, I. Kisel, P. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kiss, T. Kiss, P. Klaus, R. Kłeczek, Ch. Klein-Bösing, V. Kleipa, P. Kmon, K. Koch, L. Kochenda, P. Koczoń, W. König, M. Kohn, B.W. Kolb, A. Kolosova, B. Komkov, J.M. Kopfer, M. Korolev, I. Korolko, R. Kotte, A. Kotynia, A. Kovalchuk, S. Kowalski, M. Koziel, G. Kozlov, P. Kravtsov, E. Krebs, C. Kreidl, D. Kresan, G. Kretschmar, M. Kretz, M. Krieger, E. Kryshen, W. Kucewicz, L. Kudin, A. Kugler, I. Kulakov, J. Kunkel, A. Kurepin, P. Kurilkin, V. Kushpil, V. Kyva, V. Ladygin, C. Lara, P. Larionov, A. Laso Garcia, E. Lavrik, I. Lazanu, A. Lebedev, S. Lebedev, E. Lebedeva, J. Lehnert, J. Lehrbach, F. Lemke, Cheng Li, Jin Li, Qiyan Li, Yuanjing Li, Yulan Li, V. Lindenstruth, S. Linev, B. Linnik, E. Litvinenko, Feng Liu, I. Lobanov, E. Lobanova, S. Löchner, P.-A. Loizeau, J.A. Lucio Martínez, A. Lymanets, A. Maevskaya, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, T. Mahmoud, P. Maj, Z. Majka, A. Malakhov, E. Malankin, D. Malkevich, O. Malyatina, H. Malygina, S. Mandal, V. Manko, S. Manz, V. Marin, A.M. Marin Garcia, J. Markert, S. Masciocchi, T. Matulewicz, M. Merkin, V. Mialkovski, J. Michel, N. Miftakhov, K. Mikhailov, V. Mikhaylov, B. Milanović, V. Militsija, M.F. Mir, D. Miskowiec, T. Morhardt, W.F.J. Müller, C. Müntz, Yu. Murin, R. Najman, L. Naumann, T. Nayak, A. Nedosekin, B. Neumann, W. Niebur, V. Nikulin, D. Normanov, M. Nüssle, A. Oancea, Kunsu Oh, Y. Onishchuk, D. Osipov, G. Ososkov, D. Ossetski, P. Otfinowski, E. Ovcharenko, S. Pal, I. Panasenko, N.R. Panda, S. Parzhitskiy, C. Pauly, Haiping Peng, I. Peric, D. Peshekhonov, V. Peshekhonov, V. Petráček, M. Petriş, A. Petrovici, M. Petrovici, A. Petrovskiy, O. Petukhov, K. Piasecki, J. Pieper, J. Pietraszko, R. Płaneta, E. Plekhanov, V. Plotnikov, V. Plujko, J. Pluta, V. Poliakov, P. Polozov, A. Pop, V. Popov, V. Pospisil, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, J. Pouryamout, K. Poźniak, A. Prakash, M. Prokudin, I. Pshenichnov, M. Pugach, V. Pugatch, S. Querchfeld, L. Radulescu, S. Raha, W. Raja, F. Rami, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, A. Raportirenko, J. Rautenberg, J. Rauza, R. Ray, S. Razin, P. Reichelt, S. Reinecke, A. Reshetin, C. Ristea, O. Ristea, F. Roether, R. Romaniuk, A. Rost, E. Rostchin, I. Rostovtseva, A. Roy, J. Rożynek, Yu. Ryabov, V. Rykalin, A. Sadovsky, S. Sadovsky, R. Sahoo, P.K. Sahu, J. Saini, S. Samanta, S.S. Sambyal, V. Samsonov, J. Sánchez Rosado, S. Sau, V. Saveliev, S. Schatral, C. Schiaua, C.J. Schmidt, H.R. Schmidt, K. Schmidt, K. Schweda, A. Scurtu, F. Seck, S. Seddiki, I. Selyuzhenkov, A. Semennikov, A. Senger, P. Senger, A. Shabunov, Ming Shao, M.K. Sharma, N. Shumeiko, V. Shumikhin, B. Sikora, A. Simakov, C. Simon, C. Simons, R.N. Singaraju, A.K. Singh, B.K. Singh, C.P. Singh, V. Singhal, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, L. Škoda, I. Skwira-Chalot, I. Som, Jihye Song, I. Sorokin, Z. Sosin, D. Soyk, P. Staszel, A. Stavinskiy, E. Stephan, D. Storozhyk, M. Strikhanov, S. Strohauer, J. Stroth, C. Sturm, R. Sultanov, Yongjie Sun, O. Svoboda, R. Szczygieł, R. Talukdar, Zebo Tang, M. Tanha, J. Tarasiuk, O. Tarassenkova, M.-G. Târzilă, V. Tiflov, T. Tischler, P. Tlustý, A. Toia, T. Tolyhi, N. Topil'skaya, C. Trageser, P. Trivedy, I. Tsakov, Yu. Tsyupa, A. Turowiecki, F. Uhlig, E. Usenko, I. Valin, T. Vasiliev, I. Vassiliev, E. Verbitskaya, W. Verhoeven, A. Veshikov, R. Visinka, Y.P. Viyogi, S. Volkov, Yu. Volkov, A. Vorobiev, A. Voronin, V. Vovchenko, E. Vznuzdaev, M. Vznuzdaev, Dong Wang, Yaping Wang, Wang Yi, C. Wendisch, J.P. Wessels, M. Wiebusch, J. Wiechula, B. Wiedemann, D. Wielanek, A. Wieloch, N. Winckler, M. Winter, K. Wiśniewski, D. Wohlfeld, Gy. Wolf, Won Sanguk, J. Wüstenfeld, Changzhou Xiang, Xu Nu, Jun-Gyu Yi, Zhongbao Yin, In-Kwon Yoo, Qian Yue, B. Yuldashev, I. Yushmanov, W. Zabołotny, Yu. Zaitsev, Yu. Zanevsky, M. Zhalov, Ya Peng Zhang, Yifei Zhang, Daicui Zhou, Xianglei Zhu, A. Zinchenko, W. Zipper, M. Żoładź, P. Zrelov, V. Zryuev, P. Zumbruch, and M. Zyzak

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Published
2014
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11. The CBM Collaboration

Author

A. Abuhoza, J. Adamczewski-Musch, M.M. Aggarwal, Z. Ahammed, F. Ahmad, N. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, A. Akindinov, P. Akishin, E. Akishina, T. Akishina, V. Akishina, M. Al-Turany, S. Amar-Youcef, M. Anđelić, C. Andrei, A. Andronic, Yu. Anisimov, H. Appelshäuser, A. Arend, D. Argintaru, T. Armbruster, E. Atkin, S. Avdeyev, M.D. Azmi, V. Baban, M. Bach, E. Badura, S. Baginyan, T. Balog, S. Bandyopadhyay, P. Banerjee, N. Baranova, D. Bartoş, S. Bashir, Z. Basrak, M. Baszczyk, O. Batenkov, V. Baublis, C. Baumann, K.-H. Becker, T. Bel, S. Belogurov, I. Berceanu, E. Berdermann, A. Berdnikov, Y. Berdnikov, R. Berendes, C. Bergmann, D. Bertini, C. Beşliu, O. Bezshyyko, P.P. Bhaduri, A. Bhasin, A.K. Bhati, B. Bhattacharjee, A. Bhattacharyya, T.K. Bhattacharyya, S. Biswas, D. Blau, C. Blume, Yu. Bocharov, S. Böttger, M. Borysova, B. Bozsogi, T. Breitner, U. Brüning, J. Brzychczyk, A. Bubak, A. Bychkov, Xu Cai, M. Cãlin, R. Čaplar, G. Caragheorgheopol, I. Carević, V. Cătănescu, A. Chakrabarti, S. Chatterji, Sanatan Chattopadhyay, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Hongfang Chen, Jianping Cheng, V. Chepurnov, S. Chernenko, A. Chernogorov, M.I. Ciobanu, G. Claus, F. Constantin, V. Covlea, M. Csanád, N. DʼAscenzo, S. Das, K. Davkov, V. Davkov, J. de Cuveland, B. Debnath, Zhi Deng, H. Deppe, I. Deppner, O. Derenovskaya, M. Deveaux, K. Dey, M. Dey, P. Dillenseger, V. Dobyrn, D. Doering, M. Domachowski, A. Dorokhov, C.A. Dritsa, A.K. Dubey, S. Dubnichka, A. Dubnichkova, W. Dulinski, M. Dželalija, D. Emschermann, H. Engel, V. Eremin, T. Eşanu, J. Eschke, O. Fateev, P. Fischer, H. Flemming, U. Frankenfeld, V. Friese, I. Fröhlich, J. Frühauf, Á. Fülöp, J. Gajda, T. Galatyuk, A. Galkin, V. Galkin, G. Gangopadhyay, M.S. Ganti, C. García Chávez, I. Gašparić, J. Gebelein, P. Ghosh, S.K. Ghosh, M. Goffe, V. Golovatyuk, S. Golovnya, V. Golovtsov, M. Golubeva, D. Golubkov, S. Gorbunov, D. Gottschalk, P. Gryboś, A. Grzeszczuk, F. Guber, A. Gupta, Yu. Gusakov, A. Haldar, S. Haldar, M. Hartig, J. Hehner, K. Heidel, N. Heine, A. Herghelegiu, N. Herrmann, B. Heß, J.M. Heuser, A. Himmi, C. Höhne, R. Holzmann, Guangming Huang, J. Hutsch, D. Hutter, A. Ierusalimov, E.-M. Ilgenfritz, M. Irfan, Valery Ivanov, Victor Ivanov, Vladimir Ivanov, A. Ivashkin, K. Jaaskelainen, V. Jakovlev, T. Janson, A. Jipa, I. Kadenko, B. Kämpfer, S. Kalcher, V. Kalinin, K.-H. Kampert, Tae Im Kang, E. Kaptur, R. Karabowicz, O. Karavichev, T. Karavicheva, D. Karmanov, V. Karnaukhov, E. Karpechev, K. Kasiński, M. Kaur, A. Kazantsev, U. Kebschull, G. Kekelidze, M.M. Khan, S.A. Khan, A. Khanzadeev, F. Khasanov, V. Kirakosyan, M. Kirejczyk, M. Kiš, I. Kisel, P. Kisel, S. Kiselev, A. Kiss, T. Kiss, R. Kłeczek, Ch. Klein-Bösing, V. Kleipa, K. Koch, L. Kochenda, P. Koczoń, B. Kolb, B. Komkov, J.M. Kopfer, M. Korolev, I. Korolko, R. Kotte, A. Kotynia, A. Kovalchuk, S. Kowalski, M. Koziel, G. Kozlov, P. Kravtsov, C. Kreidl, D. Kresan, M. Kretz, M. Krieger, E. Kryshen, W. Kucewicz, L. Kudin, A. Kugler, I. Kulakov, J. Kunkel, A. Kurepin, V. Kyva, V. Ladygin, C. Lara, P. Larionov, A. Laso Garcia, E. Lavrik, I. Lazanu, A. Lebedev, S. Lebedev, E. Lebedeva, J. Lehrbach, F. Lemke, Cheng Li, Jin Li, Li Qyian, Yuanjing Li, Yulan Li, V. Lindenstruth, S. Linev, E. Litvinenko, Feng Liu, I. Lobanov, E. Lobanova, S. Löchner, P.-A. Loizeau, A. Lymanets, A. Maevskaya, S. Mahajan, D.P. Mahapatra, T. Mahmoud, P. Maj, Z. Majka, A. Malakhov, O. Malyatina, H. Malygina, J. Manjavidze, V. Manko, S. Manz, V. Marin, T. Matulewicz, M. Merkin, V. Mialkovski, N. Miftakhov, K. Mikhailov, B. Milanovic, V. Militsija, F. Mir, W.F.J. Müller, C. Müntz, Yu. Murin, L. Naumann, T. Nayak, B. Neumann, W. Niebur, V. Nikulin, M. Nüssle, A. Oancea, Oh Kunsu, Y. Onishchuk, G. Ososkov, D. Ossetski, P. Otfinowski, E. Ovcharenko, Pal Susanta, I. Panasenko, S. Parzhitskiy, C. Pauly, Haiping Peng, I. Peric, D. Peshekhonov, V. Peshekhonov, V. Petráček, M. Petriş, A. Petrovici, M. Petrovici, A. Petrovskiy, O. Petukhov, K. Piasecki, J. Pietraszko, E. Plekhanov, V. Plujko, V. Poliakov, P. Polozov, A. Pop, V. Popov, V. Pospisil, B.V.K.S. Potukuchi, J. Pouryamout, A. Prakash, M. Prokudin, I. Pshenichnov, V. Pugatch, S. Querchfeld, S. Raha, W. Raja, F. Rami, R. Raniwala, S. Raniwala, A. Raportirenko, J. Rautenberg, R. Ray, S. Razin, P. Reichelt, S. Reinecke, A. Reshetin, C. Ristea, O. Ristea, E. Rostchin, I. Rostovtseva, A. Roy, J. Rożynek, Yu. Ryabov, V. Rykalin, A. Sadovsky, S. Sadovsky, P.K. Sahu, J. Saini, S.S. Sambyal, V. Samsonov, J. Sanchez Rosado, V. Saveliev, S. Schatral, C. Schiaua, C.J. Schmidt, H.R. Schmidt, C. Schrader, K. Schweda, A. Scurtu, S. Seddiki, A. Semennikov, A. Senger, P. Senger, A. Shabunov, Ming Shao, M.K. Sharma, V. Shumikhin, B. Sikora, A. Simakov, C. Simon, C. Simons, R.N. Singaraju, A.K. Singh, B.K. Singh, C.P. Singh, V. Singhal, M. Singla, K. Siwek-Wilczynska, L. Škoda, Song Jihye, I. Sorokin, D. Soyk, P. Staszel, A. Stavinskiy, E. Stephan, D. Storozhyk, M. Strikhanov, J. Stroth, C. Sturm, Yongjie Sun, O. Svoboda, R. Szczygieł, R. Talukdar, Zebo Tang, O. Tarassenkova, M. Târzilă, V. Tiflov, T. Tischler, P. Tlustý, T. Tolyhi, N. Topilʼskaya, C. Trageser, P. Trivedy, I. Tsakov, Yu. Tsyupa, F. Uhlig, E. Usenko, I. Valin, T. Vasiliev, I. Vassiliev, E. Verbitskaya, W. Verhoeven, A. Veshikov, Y. Viyogi, S. Volkov, Yu. Volkov, A. Vorobiev, A. Voronin, E. Vznuzdaev, M. Vznuzdaev, Dong Wang, Yaping Wang, Yi Wang, C. Wendisch, J.P. Wessels, J. Wiechula, B. Wiedemann, M. Winter, K. Wisniewski, D. Wohlfeld, Gy. Wolf, J. Wüstenfeld, Changzhou Xiang, Xu Nu, Jun-Gyu Yi, Yin Zhongbao, In-Kwon Yoo, Qian Yue, I. Yushmanov, Yu. Zaitsev, Yu. Zanevsky, M. Zhalov, Ya Peng Zhang, Yifei Zhang, Zhou Daicui, Xianglei Zhu, A. Zinchenko, W. Zipper, M. Żoładź, P. Zrelov, V. Zryuev, P. Zumbruch, and M. Zyzak

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Published
2013
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12. ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON THE CYANELLES OF GLAUCOCYSTIS NOSTOCHINEARUM ITZIGSOHN(1)

Author

W T, Hall and G, Claus

Abstract

Ultrastructural studies conducted on the intracellular symbiont of Glaucocystis nostochinearum Itz., a unicellular alga with a debated taxonomic position, have shown that the endosymbiont, although somewhat aberrant, is a blue-green alga. Due possibly to its intracellular habitat, it lacks the characteristic cyanophycean double-layered cell wall and the cells appear to be completely naked, bound only by a single plasma membrane. The protoplasm of the cell is differentiated into the lamellated chromatoplasm, which contains the photosynthetic pigments and polyphosphate granules, and a nonlamellar ccntroplasm, in which the nucleic material is dispersed. The usual cyanophycean organelles, as well as the different vacuoles and granules, with the exception of the formed bodies, are missing. Approximately 10% of the cells sliows a peculiar homogeneous area at one tip, the nature of which is unknown. Binary fission of the organism is mentioned. Since this cyanelle has not yet been classified, we name it Skujapelta nuda nov. gen., nov. sp.; and because of its structural peculiarities we find it necessary to create a new family for it, Skujapeltaceae in the order Chroococcales.

Published
2016

15. Silicon ultra fast cameras for electron and γ sources in medical applications

Author

Leopoldo Conte, G. Leo, Alexander Dierlamm, W. Kucewicz, Matteo Amati, W. Dulinski, Luigi P. Badano, C. Colledani, Y. Popowski, L. Jungermann, M. Sapor, B. Dulny, J.L. Riester, W. De Boer, Jacek Marczewski, H. Niemiec, H. Bol, Daniel Tomaszewski, Grzegorz Deptuch, L. Paolucci, A. Airoldi, B. Spanò, C. Cappellini, A. Zalewska, C. Bianchi, Witold Machowski, Piotr Grabiec, M. Alemi, Raffaele Novario, S. Kuta, M. Cacciaa, R. Lorusso, A. Czermak, M. Pezzetta, Krzysztof Domański, Krzysztof Kucharski, O. Ferrando, D. Berst, G. Mondry, E. Grigoriev, H. Schweickert, C. Sampietro, Antonio Bulgheroni, B. Jaroszewicz, V. Bartsch, G. Claus, and F. Cannillo

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Dosimeter, Silicon, business.industry, Detector, Electrical engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Substrate (electronics), Electron, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Data acquisition, chemistry, Optoelectronics, European commission, Ultra fast, business
Abstract

SUCIMA (Silicon Ultra fast Cameras for electron and γ sources In Medical Applications) is a project approved by the European Commission with the primary goal of developing a real time dosimeter based on direct detection in a Silicon substrate. The main applications, the detector characteristics and technologies and the data acquisition system are described.

Published
2003
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16. Improving Nursing Morale in a Climate of Cost Containment

Author

Mary Ann Haw, Sharon M. Iversen, Ellen Durbin-Lafferty, and Eleanor G. Claus

Subjects
Nursing, Work (electrical), business.industry, Process (engineering), Work overload, Health care, Absenteeism, Workload, Program planning, General Medicine, Business, Cost cutting, General Nursing
Abstract

Geringere Ressourcen im Gesundheitswesen führen häufig zu einer Arbeitsüberlastung und geringeren Entfaltungsmöglichkeiten von Pflegenden. Angesichts steigender Fehlzeiten und tiefer Arbeitsmoral des Pflegepersonals müssen die Pflegedienstleitungen kostengünstige Gegenstrategien entwickeln. Auf dem im ersten Teil dargestellten Assessmentprozess aufbauend präsentieren die Autorinnen nun einzelne Bausteine der Programmplanung und erläutern, wie sich mit einem kostengünstigen Modellprogramm, das sich des Arbeitsvolumens, der Weiterbildungsmöglichkeiten und der organisatorischen Belohnung der Pflegenden annimmt, die Arbeitsmoral verbessern lässt.

Published
2003
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17. Atrial Myxoma Syndrome Mimicking Ehrmann-Sneddon Syndrome

Author

G. Claus, A. Friedl, H. Gollnick, and E. Weisshaar

Subjects
Adult, Male, Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Vasodilator Agents, Atrial myxoma, Left atrium, Penicillins, Dermatology, Diagnosis, Differential, Heart Neoplasms, Central nervous system disease, Parietal Lobe, Streptococcal Infections, medicine, Humans, Heart Atria, Pentoxifylline, Ehrmann Sneddon syndrome, Aspirin, Vascular disease, business.industry, Livedo vasculitis, Myxoma, Syndrome, Livedo racemosa, medicine.disease, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Sneddon Syndrome, body regions, medicine.anatomical_structure, Echocardiography, medicine.symptom, business, human activities, Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors, Brain Stem, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Livedo racemosa with cerebrovascular lesions has been described as Ehrmann-Sneddon syndrome. The etiopathogenetic factors provoking the vascular lesions, however, are of high diversity reaching from mechanical to autoimmune causes. We present a male patient with typical livedo racemosa, muscle pain and feeling of coldness of the forearms. By dermatohistopathology and magnetic resonance tomography of the brain, Ehrmann-Sneddon syndrome could be confirmed. At this time a chronic streptococcal infection could be diagnosed. Antibiotics, anticoagulants and vascularity-supplying therapy improved the clinical and subjective symptoms. Six months later, the patient developed dizziness, vision disorder, hypesthesia of the right forehead, malaise and weight loss. A further diagnostic workup including echocardiography revealed a myxoma of the left atrium. This report illustrates the association of Ehrmann-Sneddon syndrome with cardiac myxoma and points out that cardiac diagnostic examination should be included when dealing with small-vessel involvement of the brain.

Published
1997
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18. Contents, Vol. 195, 1997

Author

S.B. Margulis, C. Mann, M.L. Battifoglio, E. Ranieri, J. Yeager, A. Stoehr, Dan Lipsker, R. Viraben, H.G. Skelton, M. Stücker, R. Betti, E. Inselvini, S. Reichert-Penetrat, L.R. Braathen, J. Hafiier, G. Claus, C. Ferrándiz, I. Hadshiew, A. Fujioka, I.K. Hornstra, J. Bazex, A. Friedl, C. Crosti, M. Hiruma, E. Hölzle, F. Drago, H. Laubenthal, B. Couret, I. Bielsa, A. von Felten, E.M. Procaccini, D. Abeck, A. Bonnafoux-Clavere, E.A. Bingham, P.M. Frossard, T. Hunziker, J.M. Carrascosa, J. Rousseau, J. Rügemer, S. Untiedt, P. Clavere, M. Palvarini, W.Y.M. Tang, Philippe Tréchot, Subrata Malakar, E. Weisshaar, T. Reuther, L. Maunoury, A. Reborn, K. Nomura, G. Posteraro, F. Malaguti, A. Traub, S. Palacios, M. Chishiki, R.B. Strieker, F. Stäb, E. Martinez, D.K.B. Armstrong, C. Letawe, E. Piqué, E. Adeghate, J.L. Laporte, H. Gollnick, M. Monika Weber, J.-F. Cuny, K.J. Smith, A. Ishibashi, I. Hashimoto, G.G. Lestringant, J.C. Piette, M.-P. Labarthe, L. Casula, I.H. Galadari, P. Chavaz, C.T. Ammirati, A.W. Gerbig, G. von Kohyletzki, V. Roman, C. Bedane, A. Plettenberg, Gérald Pierard, V. Goffin, P. Bayle-Lebey, W. Meigel, M. Gfesser, H. Banba, K. Bohnsack, M.F. Peake, J.L. Wilde, Akira Kawada, M. Just, Annick Barbaud, E. Losi, P. Hügler, I. Masouyé, Sandipan Dhar, M. Olivares, Jean-Luc Schmutz, K. Hoffmann, M. Ribera, M.A. Hurhi, F. Rippke, M. Gallego, G. Riccio, Jean-Hilaire Saurat, R.B. Lee, R. Disch, J.M. Bonnetblanc, A. Aguilar, J.J. Meffert, Camille Francès, P. Altmeyer, E. Masgrau, G. Monfrecola, K.F. Wagner, J. Ring, B. Gorguet, Lars E. French, and V. Schreiner

Subjects
Dermatology
Published
1997
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19. Posters

Author

T. Török, A. Kardos, L. Rudas, D. Paprika, A. McLuckie, R. J. Beale, D. Bihari, H. Keller, N. Seltzer, A. Weimer, H. Menning, P. Ulrich, U. Staedt, W. Kirschstein, T. Kasai, S. Endo, N. Arakawa, N. Sato, T. Suzuki, S. Taniguchi, K. Inada, K. Hiramori, W. Schmidt, I. Meineke, M. Nottrott, I. Frerichs, S. Müller, G. Hellige, E. De Blasio, A. De Sio, G. Sibilio, A. Papa, D. Golia, V. Grassia, G. Bove, M. Zehelgruber, G. Mundigler, G. Christ, C. Merhaut, U. Klaar, C. Kratochwill, S. Hofmann, P. Siostrzonek, F. Suarez, M. Corrales, R. Rábago, P. Gonzalez-Arenas, R. Morales, J. Sanchez, J. Fraile, M. Rey, J. Martinell, P. -N. Niederst, K. -P. Mellwig, H. K. Schmidt, U. Gleichmann, R. Körfer, S. Di Bartolomeo, M. Bertolissi, G. Nardi, A. De Monte, U. Janssens, J. -G. Ochs, H. G. Klues, P. Hanrath, T. Sajjanhar, S. M. Tibby, M. Hatherill, D. Anderson, I. A. Murdoch, B. Krivec, G. Voga, I. Žuran, R. Skale, R. Parežnik, M. Podbregar, E. Bonnefoy, P. Chevalier, G. Kirkorian, J. Guidolet, A. Marchand, D. Bouchayer, P. Bert Marcaz, P. Touboul, T. Welte, J. Molling, M. S. Jepsen, G. Claus, H. Klein, G. Cinnella, M. Dambrosio, N. Brienza, M. Conte, S. M. Maggiore, A. M. Leone, A. Brienza, N. DiVenere, K. Vandewoude, J. Poelaert, D. Vogelaers, R. Blanca Garcia, W. Buylaert, C. Roosens, F. Colardyn, D. Annane, E. Béllissant, E. Pussard, R. Asmar, F. Lacombe, E. Lanata, O. Madonna, M. Safar, J. F. Giudicelli, J. C. Raphael, Ph. Gajdos, M. Mattys, L. Dumont, J. F. Annaert, C. Mardirosoff, J. Goldstein, T. Verbeet, J. Massaut, N. A. Haas, F. Uhlemann, I. Daehnert, F. Berger, B. Stiller, S. Dittrich, I. Schulze-Neick, P. Eweit, P. E. Lange, C. J. M. Langenherp, H. Pietersen, G. Geskes, A. Wagenmakers, P. Soeters, M. Maggiorini, S. Brimioulle, P. Lejeune, M. Delcroix, F. Vermeulen, J. Stephanazzi, R. Naeije, M. Kunert, H. Stolzenburg, L. Scheuble, K. Emmerich, L. J. Ulbricht, I. Krakau, H. Gülker, M. J. Broch, V. Valentín, B. Murcia, E. Bartual, A. Málaga, L. L. Miralles, F. Valls, C. J. Wallin, B. Sidenö, J. Vaage, L. G. Leksell, H. G. Stuchlinger, D. Seidler, U. Hollenstein, K. Janata, M. Muellner, W. Loeffler, G. Gamper, A. Bur, R. Malzer, A. N. Laggner, M. M. Hirschl, M. Binder, H. Herkner, F. Turani, C. Ceraso, A. Lironcurti, P. Senesi, C. Leonardis, A. F. Sabato, H. G. Pietersen, C. J. M. Langenberg, A. J. M. Wagenmakers, S. de Lange, P. B. Soeters, A. Royira, L. Oussedik, C. Cambray, C. Glmeno, M. Cerda, Ma. A. Sanchez, A. Lesmes, M. Guerrero, E. Vigil, F. Ortega, F. Lucena, E. R. Righini, R. Alvisi, E. Marangoni, G. Gritti, A. Ordóñez, A. Hernández, J. Pérez-Bernal, R. Hinojosa, J. M. Borrego, A. Franco, J. López-Barneo, E. Gutiérrez, J. Cerro, D. Rincón, R. Martin, M. Saussine, C. L. Sany, B. Calvet, D. Raison, J. M. Frapier, C. -J. Wallin, Å. Olsson, R. Nordländer, V. Vasilkov, A. Safronov, V. Marinchev, A. C. Rodrigues, A. Moraes, F. Galas, V. Angelim, C. Medeiros, J. O. Auler, G. Bellotti, F. Pilleggi, M. J. Carmona, E. R. R. Messias, D. Joseph, F. Baigorri, A. Artigas, L. Blanch, F. Wagner, M. Dandel, G. Günther, Y. Weng, M. Loebe, R. Hetzer, F. Colreavy, M. Balea, M. Cahalan, JL. Carpintero, M. C. de la Fuente, M. A. Estecha, J. M. Molina, L. R. del Fresno, D. Daga, R. Toro, A. Poullet, M. V. de la Torre, A. J. Garcia, A. Michalopoulos, K. Rellos, D. Skambas, O. Liakopoulos, and S. Geroulanos

Subjects
Medical education, business.industry, Medicine, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, business
Published
1996
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20. Modelling of very fast pyrolysis of heavy fuel oil droplets

Author

L. Witzel, Pierre Moszkowicz, and G. Claus

Subjects
Materials science, Waste management, Applied Mathematics, General Chemical Engineering, Evaporation, Boiler (power generation), General Chemistry, Coke, Fuel oil, Combustion, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Chemical engineering, Cenosphere, Vaporization, Pyrolysis
Abstract

Combustion of heavy fuels in an industrial boiler can lead to emission of solid particles into the atmosphere: cenospheres. We have studied experimentally and modelled the formation of cenospheres produced by very fast pyrolysis when heavy fuel droplets are injected into a boiler. The solid products of pyrolysis accumulate on the droplet surface forming a shell, whose diameter increases as the liquid continues to evaporate from within the droplet. The very thin shell (about 0.4 μm observed by microscopy) allows transfer of fuel vapors from within the droplet to the outside. The main parameters are evaporation kinetics of liquid heavy fuel and solid coke formation by pyrolysis of the liquid. The model developed well represents the experimental results observed, using an apparatus which simulates similar conditions to those encountered by droplets injected into an industrial boiler.

Published
1996
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21. Mechanism of particulate reduction in heavy fuel oil combustion

Author

G. Claus, L. Witzel, and P. Moszkowicz

Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Organic Chemistry, Boiler (power generation), Energy Engineering and Power Technology, chemistry.chemical_element, Fuel oil, Particulates, Combustion, Metal, Cerium, Fuel Technology, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Cenosphere, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium
Abstract

A residual fuel oil, neat and with four different additives, was tested using three experimental devices: a very fast pyrolyser of fuel droplets which produced cenospheres; a thermogravimetric analyser which gave information on the reactivity of the cenospheres; and a 1.16 MW boiler. The additives did not modify cenosphere production in the pyrolyser, but changed their reactivity. This reactivity change was in accordance with particulate reduction in the boiler and with the retention of the metal additive in the cenospheres. The retention of the metal depended on the nature of the organic part of the additive.

Published
1995
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22. Microstructure and deformation properties of galvannealed coatings on Ti-IF steels

Author

J Scheers, H. Storms, B.C. De Cooman, G. Claus, and Jozef Dilewijns

Subjects
Materials science, Coating, Metallurgy, Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Galvannealed
Abstract

The properties of galvannealed sheet relevant to deformation processes were analysed in the rang of 1-17 wt-% Fe in the coating. An optimal galvannealed coating composition range could be defined. It corresponds to a marginally alloyed coating. The surface should consist of zeta-phase crystals. A small residue of eta-phase is believed to be beneficial.

Published
1995
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23. The CBM Collaboration

Author

V. Maiatski, Z. Basrak, Andrey Reshetin, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay, A. Raportirenko, V. Golovtsov, V. Ivanov, E. Kryshen, P. Akishin, P. Tlusty, Cs Soos, E. Vznuzdaev, M. Klein-Bøsing, M. Kachel, A. Semennikov, M. Dey, O. Torheim, A. Nadtochii, A. Kugel, A. Simakov, P. Zrelov, I. Rostovtseva, A. Chaus, V. Karasev, Zhi Deng, M. Winter, A. Khanzadeev, W. Dulinski, Yulan Li, Jianping Cheng, E. Rostchin, D. Ossetski, S. Kowalski, N.S. Topilskaya, H. Flemming, Amalia Pop, D. Karmanov, Vladimir Popov, A. Berdnikov, Calin Besliu, A. Soldatov, M. Chubarov, E. Badura, Yaping Wang, N. Abel, J. Rozynek, J. Manjavidze, L. Pal, I. Peric, D. Gottschalk, M. Ryzhinskiy, H. Engel, Mate Csanad, I. Carević, Udo Kebschull, Yi Wang, Min Sang Ryu, V. Ladygin, F.F. Guber, A. Poliakov, H. Fröning, Robert Szczygiel, Alla Maevskaya, E. Akishina, M. Koziel, P. Bhaduri, K. Jaaskelainen, R. De, R. Berendes, C. Garabatos, Zhongbao Yin, F. Khasanov, D.V. Peshekhonov, M. Borysova, M. De, S. Kiselev, Hayoung Lee, Daicui Zhou, E. Berdermann, C. Kreidel, D. P. Mahapatra, M. Merkin, Xiaolian Wang, A. Melnik, V. Manko, E. Denes, R. Kotte, A. Petrovici, A. Arefiev, A. Kazantsev, A. Chakraborti, C. J. Schmidt, P. Zelnicek, T. Sinha, C. Höhne, A. Kotynia, L. Boldizsar, S. Løchner, Ya Panasenko, Y. Bocharov, Valeriy Pozdniakov, Satarupa Bandyopadhyay, V. Rykalin, S. Böttger, M. Petris, V. I. Davkov, K. Mikhailov, P. Braun-Munzinger, U. Brüning, Ming Shao, B. Sikora, Joachim Stroth, G. Claus, J. Wessels, V. Mialkovski, A. Chernogorov, In Kwon Yoo, A. Gumenuik, Ju Gousakov, M. Petrovici, D. Kresan, Zebo Tang, G. Bashindzhagyan, D. Bertini, P. Fonte, M. R. DuttaMajumdar, P. Korobchuk, E. Grosse, A. Ivashkin, Yu Gilitsky, Byungsik Hong, K. Siwek-Wilczynska, J. Wüstenfeld, I. Vassiliev, Oleg Bezshyyko, A. K. Bhati, L. Skoda, G. D. Kekelidze, V. F. Chepurnov, P. Fischer, A. Bhattacharya, M. Kiš, M. N. Ukhanov, V. Galkin, A. Dubey, W. Niebur, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, G. Gangopadhyay, S. Seddiki, Y. Volkov, G. S.N. Murthy, Andrei Ionut Herghelegiu, Claudiu Cornel Schiaua, S. Pal, C. Müntz, Xu Cai, A. Gupta, Yu.V. Zanevsky, R. Männer, K. Wisniewski, Y. Saini, B. Komkov, J. Gebelein, L. Naumann, S. Chatterji, Bedangadas Mohanty, Z. Ahmad, H. Ströbele, Xianglei Zhu, N. Ahmad, S. Manz, M. Dželalija, A. Golutvin, O. Tarassenkova, I. Ilyushenko, K. Ullaland, V. Cǎtǎnescu, B. K. Singh, I. Korolko, Cheng Li, P A Loizeau, M. Krauze, A. Semak, Alexandru Jipa, A. Sadovsky, V. Tiflov, Yu.S. Anisimov, Alexander Dermenev, A. Wilk, T. Esanu, E. M. Kashif, Y. Riabov, Valery Ivanov, A.L. Lebedev, I. Deppner, E.V. Lobanova, Yapeng Zhang, L. Solin, A. K. Singh, A. Stavinskiy, T. Nayak, H. K. Soltveit, Ziping Zhang, K. Koch, A. Andronic, P. Gasik, Krzysztof Kasinski, D. González-Díaz, D. Dutta, R. Raniwala, A. Petrovskiy, S. N. Golovnya, Vladimir Nikulin, I. Berceanu, A.P. Ierusalimov, D. A. Konstantinov, I. Valin, J. Eschke, V. Rasin, A. Galkin, Y. Sviridov, Z. Majka, T. Kiss, T. Galatyuk, A. Roy, A. Kovalchuk, V.A. Victorov, S. Belogurov, M. Hartig, Oleg Karavichev, Probir Roy, A. Prakash, Yu. V. Kharlov, C. Steinle, M. Zoła̧dź, T. Akishina, A. S. Silaev, C. P. Singh, Serguei Volkov, G. B. Vakil, Anju Bhasin, C. Lara, V. Militsija, N. Heine, A. V. Ryazantsev, S. Amar-Youcef, A. K. Dutt-Mazumdar, A. Grzeszczuk, A. Laszlo, V. Singh, K. Heidel, Tatiana Karavicheva, I. Kadenko, J. Adamczewski, A. Kluev, J. Kecskemeti, N. Herrmann, E. Atkin, V. Dyatchenko, Krzysztof Piasecki, F. Lemke, N. Bondar, T. Matulewicz, G. Vesztergombi, J. Gajda, Yu. Tsyupa, Vladimir Peshekhonov, O. V. Fateev, Evgeny Karpechev, Qian Yue, Michael Deveaux, A. Lymanets, A. Himmi, G. Sharkov, T. Armbruster, O. Rogachevsky, O. Denisova, S. Raniwala, J. Hutsch, B. Kolb, M. Kirejczyk, Y. Berdnikov, Jin Li, Peter Senger, B. Debnath, H. Kalita, D. Das, Chuncheng Xu, V. Pospíšil, W. F.J. Müller, O. Malyatina, D. Røhrich, T. Dutta, V. Ammosov, L.G. Kudin, R. Čaplar, N. Korotkova, I. Yushmanov, M.S. Prokudin, A. Kiseleva, P. Polozov, V.M. Golovatyuk, P. Stolpovsky, I. Kudryashov, Shuaib Ahmad Khan, A. Mangiarotti, Alexey Kurepin, D. Storozhyk, D.M. Seliverstov, Mikhail Zhalov, B. Kämpfer, S. Baginyan, S. Müller-Klieser, C. Bergmann, R. N. Singaraju, V. Singhal, V.N. Zrjuev, M.B. Golubeva, Yu. Onishchuk, K. Antipin, I. Das, A. Kugler, H. Deppe, I. Lazanu, W. Zipper, M. Andelić, Gennady Ososkov, V. Zaets, S. Lashaev, Y. K. Sun, H. Essel, N. D'Ascenzo, N. Baranova, D. Golubkov, J. Brzychczyk, M. Ciobanu, P. Staszel, Kwang Souk Sim, V.M. Lucenko, Wenxue Gao, Sanatan Chattopadhyay, F. Uhlig, P. Gryboś, Tae Im Kang, K. I. Davkov, R. Ferreira Marques, E. Stephan, V. Jakovlev, M. Bogolyubsky, S. S. Sambyal, P. Maj, M. Korolev, C. Dritsa, A. Artamonov, A. Bubak, V. Kleipa, P. Ghosh, P. V.K.S. Baba, M. Irfan, A. I. Zinchenko, M. D. Azmi, Valery Pugatch, V. Covlea, V. Baublis, M. Calin, A. Kiss, T. Tolyhi, Y. Murin, J. Heuser, S. Igolkin, A. A. Voronin, P. Koczon, M. Alyushin, Jun Gyu Yi, D. Adamova, I. Fröhlich, Vladimir Plujko, Y. Zaitsev, I. Peshenichnov, I. Lobanov, V. Saveliev, Kai Schweda, I. Kisel, P. Trivedy, V. Samsonov, Yuanjing Li, Y. Sorokin, M. Nüssle, Md. F. Mir, Volker Lindenstruth, B. Bhattacharjee, E. Futo, Pradip Kumar Sahu, A. Akindinov, E. Matyushevskiy, C. Wendisch, R. Holzmann, S. Lebedev, Hongfang Chen, Victor Ivanov, G. Caragheorgheopol, A. Jinaru, E. Plekhanov, S. Gorbunov, E. Litvinenko, Y. P. Viyogi, F. Rami, M. Al-Turany, M. M. Khan, Igor Gašparić, V. Shevchenko, A. Vorobiev, V. Friese, H. Appelshäuser, Cristian Andrei, Ch. Klein-Bösing, A. Scurtu, Junghan Kim, A. Dorokhov, S. A. Sadovsky, S. Linev, A. Wurz, S. Velica, C. Schrader, S. P. Chernenko, Manjit Kaur, Z. Fodor, S. A. Gorokhov, Alexander Malakhov, D. Cozma, M. Strikhanov, V. Petráček, and Madan M. Aggarwal

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Irfan, baryonic matter, strangeness, QCD, Theology
Abstract

N. Abel 21, J. Adamczewski 12, D. Adamova 45, M.M. Aggarwal 10, N. Ahmad 2, Z. Ahmad 30, A. Akindinov 36, P. Akishin 16, E. Akishina 16, T. Akishina 16, M. Al-Turany 12, M. Alyushin 39, S. Amar-Youcef 17, V. Ammosov 43, M. Andelic 47, C. Andrei 6, A. Andronic 12, Yu. Anisimov 14, K. Antipin 17, H. Appelshauser 17, A. Arefiev 36, T. Armbruster 23, A. Artamonov 43, E. Atkin 39, M.D. Azmi 2, P.V.K.S. Baba 25, E. Badura 12, S. Baginyan 16, S. Bandyopadhyay 29, N. Baranova 37, G. Bashindzhagyan 37, Z. Basrak 55, V. Baublis 18, S. Belogurov 36, I. Berceanu 6, E. Berdermann 12, A. Berdnikov 50, Y. Berdnikov 50, R. Berendes 40, C. Bergmann 40, D. Bertini 12, C. Besliu 7, O. Bezshyyko 33, P. Bhaduri 30, A. Bhasin 25, A.K. Bhati 10, B. Bhattacharjee 19, A. Bhattacharya 29, Y. Bocharov 39, M. Bogolyubsky 43, L. Boldizsar 9, N. Bondar 18, M. Borysova 34, S. Bottger 21, P. Braun-Munzinger 12, U. Bruning 23, J. Brzychczyk 32, A. Bubak 26, R. Caplar 55, Xu Cai 54, M. Calin 7, G. Caragheorgheopol 6, I. Carevic 47, V. Catanescu 6, A. Chakraborti 29, S. Chatterji 12, Subhasis Chattopadhyay 30, Sukalyan Chattopadhyay 28, Sanatan Chattopadhyay 29, A. Chaus 34, Hongfang Chen 20, Jianping Cheng 3, V. Chepurnov 14, S. Chernenko 14, A. Chernogorov 36, M. Chubarov 49, M. Ciobanu 12, G. Claus 51, V. Covlea 7, D. Cozma 6, M. Csanad 8, N. D’Ascenzo 41, D. Das 28, I. Das 28, V. Davkov 15, K. Davkov 15, M. De22, R. De51, B. Debnath 19, E. Denes 9, Zhi Deng 3, O. Denisova 16, H. Deppe 12, I. Deppner 22, A. Dermenev 35, M. Deveaux 17, M. Dey 30, A. Dorokhov 51, C. Dritsa (IPHC Strasbourg), 12, A. Dubey 30, W. Dulinski 51, A.K. Dutt-Mazumdar 28, T. Dutta 12, D. Dutta 12, M.R. DuttaMajumdar 30, V. Dyatchenko 43, M. Dželalija 47, H. Engel 21, T. Esanu 7, J. Eschke 12, H. Essel 12, O. Fateev 14, R. Ferreira Marques 11, P. Fischer 23, H. Flemming 12, Z. Fodor 9, P. Fonte 11, I. Frohlich 17, H. Froning 23, V. Friese 12, E. Futo 9, I. Gasparic 55, J. Gajda 31, T. Galatyuk 12, V. Galkin 41, A. Galkin 41, G. Gangopadhyay 29, Wenxue Gao 23, C. Garabatos 12, P. Gasik 53, J. Gebelein 21, P. Ghosh 30, Yu. Gilitsky 43, V. Golovatyuk 14, S. Golovnya 43, V. Golovtsov 18, M. Golubeva 35, D. Golubkov 36, A. Golutvin 36, D. Gonzalez-Diaz 12, S. Gorbunov 21, S. Gorokhov 43, D. Gottschalk 21, Ju. Gousakov 15, E. Grosse 13, P. Gryboś 31, A. Grzeszczuk 26, F. Guber 35, A. Gumenuik 39, A. Gupta 25, M. Hartig 17, K. Heidel 13, N. Heine 40, A. Herghelegiu 6, N. Herrmann 22, J. Heuser 12, A. Himmi 51, C. Hohne 12, R. Holzmann 12, Byungsik Hong 46, J. Hutsch 13, A. Ierusalimov 14, S. Igolkin 49, I. Ilyushenko 39, Tae Im Kang 46, M. Irfan 2, Valery Ivanov 16, V. Ivanov 18, Victor Ivanov 16, A. Ivashkin 35, K. Jaaskelainen 51, V. Jakovlev 49, A. Jinaru 7, A. Jipa 7, M. Kachel 31, I. Kadenko 33, H. Kalita 19, B. Kampfer 13, V. Karasev 49, O. Karavichev 35, T. Karavicheva 35, D. Karmanov 37, E. Karpechev 35, E.M. Kashif 2, K. Kasinski 31, Manjit Kaur 10, A. Kazantsev 38, U. Kebschull 21, J. Kecskemeti 9, G. Kekelidze 15, M.M. Khan 2, S.A. Khan 48, A. Khanzadeev 18, Yu. Kharlov 43, F. Khasanov 36, M. Kis 55, Junghan Kim 44, M. Kirejczyk 53, I. Kisel 12, S. Kiselev 36, A. Kiseleva 12, T. Kiss 9, A. Kiss 8, Ch. Klein-Bosing 40, M. Klein-Bosing 40, V. Kleipa 12, A. Kluev 39, K. Koch 12, P. Koczon 12, B. Kolb 12, B. Komkov 18, D. Konstantinov 43, P. Korobchuk 43, M. Korolev 37, I. Korolko 36, N. Korotkova 37, R. Kotte 13, A. Kotynia 12, A. Kovalchuk 34, S. Kowalski 26, M. Koziel 51, M. Krauze 26, C. Kreidel 23, D. Kresan 12, E. Kryshen 18, L. Kudin 18, I. Kudryashov 36, A. Kugel 23, A. Kugler 45, A. Kurepin 35, S. Lochner 12, V. Ladygin 14, C. Lara 21, S. Lashaev 49, A. Laszlo 9, I. Lazanu 7, A. Lebedev (JINR-LIT Dubna) 12, S. Lebedev (JINR-LIT Dubna) 12, Hayoung Lee 44, F. Lemke 23, Cheng Li 20, Yuanjing Li 3, Yulan Li 3, Jin Li 3, V. Lindenstruth 21, S. Linev 12, E. Litvinenko 16, I. Lobanov 43, E. Lobanova 43, P. Loizeau 22, Nuclear Physics A 830 (2009) 942c–944c

Published
2009
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24. Beurteilung der thrombolytischen Wirkung neuer Thrombolytika durch Bestimmung der spezifischen Fibrinspaltprodukte (D-Dimere)

Author

D. C. Gulba, Monika Barthels, G. Claus, Werner G. Daniel, W. Möller, and P. R. Lichtlen

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, Hematology, business
Abstract

ZusammenfassungBei 52 Patienten, die sich wegen eines akuten Herzinfarktes der Thrombolysetherapie mit rt-PA (n = 26) oder Urokinase-präaktivierter Pro-Urokinase (n = 26) unterzogen, wurde die Freisetzung der D-Dimere mittels zweier unterschiedlicher, käuflicher ELISA-Methoden untersucht. Der Anstieg der D-Dimere wurde mit im Mittel + 3782 ± 4583 ìg/l in der Methode nach Stötzer et al. und mit + 5412 ± 6028 ìg/l in der Methode nach Koopmann et al. bestimmt. Die Werte beider Methoden waren mit r = 0,343 nur schwach miteinander korreliert (p

Published
1991
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25. Monolithic active pixel sensors for fast and high resolution vertex detectors

Author

G. Gaycken, A. Besson, A. Gay, Y. Gornushkin, D. Grandjean, F. Guilloux, S. Heini, A. Himmi, Ch. Hu, K. Jaaskelainen, M. Pellicioli, I. Valin, M. Winter, G. Claus, C. Colledani, G. Deptuch, W. Dulinski, M. Szelezniak, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Massimo Caccia and Bettina Mikulec

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Data processing, 29.40.W, 29.40.G, 42.79.P, Pixel, International Linear Collider, business.industry, Event (computing), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Tracking, CMOS, Process (computing), Monolithic, Tracking (particle physics), Linear particle accelerator, Computer Science::Hardware Architecture, Electronic engineering, Solid-state detectors, Optoelectronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Future high energy physics experiments require high luminosities and efficient and pure bottom and charm tagging. Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS) promise to be particularly well suited for these tasks. In contrast to other technologies, MAPS are fabricated using standard CMOS processes, which allows to implement on-chip data processing (system-on-chip). The paper concentrates on two aspects of the current R&D programme: the prototype for the upgrade of the vertex detector of the STAR experiment at the Brookhaven National Laboratory; architectures to handle the event rates expected at the International Linear Collider (ILC). The STAR experiment requires a sensor which operates at ambient temperatures. For this application, CMOS processes optimised for low leakage currents may be best suited. First results are presented which are obtained with a prototype (MIMOSA-9) build in such a process. Two concepts are presented for a vertex detector at the ILC: fast parallel readout and in situ storage.

Published
2004
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27. Position-sensitive silicon detectors for real-time dosimetry in medical applications

Author

B. Dulny, M. Alemi, A. Czermak, O. Ferrando, W. Kucewicz, H. Schweickert, Krzysztof Kucharski, C. Bianchi, G. Mondry, Witold Machowski, J.L. Riester, F. Cannillo, M. Sapor, Alexander Dierlamm, H. Niemiec, A. Zalewska, Y. Poposki, C. Sampietro, S. Kuta, E. Grigoriev, V. Bartsch, Luigi P. Badano, C. Colledani, Matteo Amati, B. Jaroszewicz, W. De Boer, Jacek Marczewski, Raffaele Novario, M. Pezzetta, G. Claus, D. Berst, L. Jungermann, H. Bol, Antonio Bulgheroni, P. Grabiec, G. Leo, C. Cappellini, Massimo Caccia, Daniel Tomaszewski, Grzegorz Deptuch, Krzysztof Domański, W. Dulinski, R. Lorusso, M. Prest, and Leopoldo Conte

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, medicine.medical_specialty, Silicon, SUCIMA, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Brachytherapy, Detector, brachytherapy, chemistry.chemical_element, real time silicon detectors, Real time dosimetry, Data acquisition, chemistry, Position (vector), medicine, Dosimetry, Medical physics, Ultra fast, business, Instrumentation, Computer hardware
Abstract

Real-time dosimetry is a critical issue in most radiotherapy applications. Silicon Ultra fast Cameras for electron and gamma sources In Medical Applications (SUCIMA) is a project addressing the development of an imaging system of extended radioactive sources based on monolithic and hybrid position-sensitive silicon sensors, where “imaging” has to be intended as the record of a dose map. The detector characteristics are constrained by the main applications, namely brachytherapy and real-time monitoring of a hadron beam for oncology. The key issues in the sensor and DAQ development are described together with the most relevant medical applications. SUCIMA 1 is a project approved by the EC within the V Framework Program.

Published
2004

28. High-resolution CMOS sensors for a vertex detector at the Linear Collider

Author

A. Gay, G. Claus, C. Colledani, G. Deptuch, M. Deveaux, W. Dulinski, Y. Gornushkin, D. GrandJean, A. Himmi, Ch. Hu, I. Valin, M. Winter, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Stephen J. Watts

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 29.90.W, 29.40.G, 42.79.P, Pixel, International Linear Collider, business.industry, Tracking, CMOS, Active Pixel Sensors, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Particle detector, law.invention, Semiconductor detector, law, Reticle, Optoelectronics, Granularity, Solid state detectors, Collider, business, Instrumentation
Abstract

CMOS pixel sensors are a very attractive solution for future vertex detectors needing very high granularity and minimal material budget. The first prototypes, made of small arrays of a few thousands of pixels, demonstrated the viability of the technology and its high tracking performances. The latter could be reproduced with the first reticle sized prototype. An alternative manufacturing technology, without epitaxial layer but based on a lightly doped substrate, was investigated. The contribution summarises the performances observed and provides an outlook on the sensor development.

Published
2003
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29. [Improving work morale of nurses despite insurance cost cutting. 2. Program planning]

Author

Mary Ann, Haw, Eleanor G, Claus, Ellen, Durbin-Lafferty, and Sharon M, Iversen

Subjects
Cost Control, National Health Programs, Germany, Humans, Workload, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Nurse-Patient Relations, Job Satisfaction, Morale
Abstract

Declining resources in health care frequently translate into work overload and declining opportunities for nursing staff. Faced with increases in absenteeism and lower morale among staff, nursing administrators must develop low-cost approaches to these problems. Building on the assessment process in Part 1, the authors present elements of program planning, illustrating the process with a low-cost model program to improve morale that addresses workload, learning opportunities, and organizational rewards for staff nurses.

Published
2003

30. [Improving job morale of nurses despite insurance cost control. 1: Organization assessment]

Author

Mary Ann, Haw, Eleanor G, Claus, Ellen, Durbin-Lafferty, and Sharon M, Iversen

Subjects
Personnel Administration, Hospital, Cost Control, National Health Programs, Germany, Surveys and Questionnaires, Humans, Nurse Administrators, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Job Satisfaction, Morale
Abstract

Faced with declining resources for health care and greater pressures to improve productivity of nursing staff, nursing administrators must act now to develop organizational responses to morale problems among nursing staff. As part of a two-part series for JONA, the authors describe low-cost organizational approaches that address nursing morale. Presented in Part 1 is a low-cost diagnostic process for assessing needs of staff and appraising organizational dimensions contributing to morale. Assessment findings provide clear direction for developing organizational approaches for improving morale.

Published
2003

31. CMOS Monolithic active pixel sensors for minimum ionizing particle tracking using non-epitaxial silicon substrate

Author

W. Dulinski, J.-D. Berst, A. Besson, G. Claus, C. Colledani, G. Deptuch, M. Deveaux, A. Gay, D. Grandjean, Y. Gornushkin, A. Himmi, C. Hu, J.-L. Riester, I. Valin, M. Winter, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Fabrication, Pixel, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, CMOS, chemistry.chemical_element, Substrate (electronics), tracking, Tracking (particle physics), Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, pixel sensor, Hardware_INTEGRATEDCIRCUITS, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Optoelectronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Particle beam, business, monolithic, Radiation hardening
Abstract

Nonepitaxial, high resistivity silicon has been used as a substrate for implementation of CMOS monolithic active pixel sensors (MAPS) designed for high precision minimum ionizing particle tracking. The readout electronics circuitry is integrated directly on top of such a substrate using a standard commercial CMOS process. In this paper, measurements of these devices using a high-energy particle beam are presented. Efficient and performing MIP tracking is demonstrated for both small (20 /spl mu/m) and large (40 /spl mu/m) pixel readout pitch. Radiation hardness that satisfies many future particle physics applications is also proven. These results show that the use of epitaxial substrate for MAPS fabrication is not mandatory, opening a much larger choice of possible CMOS processes in the future.

Published
2003
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32. Mikrobielle Werkstoffzerstörung - Biofilm und Biofouling: Biofilme in industriellen Wasserkreisläufen. Fallbeispiel: Prozeßwassersystem einer Papierfabrik

Author

G. Claus and R. Müller

Subjects
Biofouling, Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Chemistry, Metals and Alloys, Biofilm, Environmental Chemistry, Environmental science, General Medicine, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Industrial water, Pulp and paper industry, Surfaces, Coatings and Films
Abstract

Microbial deterioration of materials – biofilm and biofouling: Biofilms in industrial water circuits. Case history: Process water system in a paper factory

Published
1994
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33. Development of monolithic active pixel sensors for charged particle tracking

Author

G Deptuch, G Claus, C Colledani, M Deveaux, A Gay, W Dulinski, Yu Gornushkin, Ch Hu-Guo, M Winter, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pixel, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Doping, chemistry.chemical_element, Integrated circuit, Tracking (particle physics), Charged particle, law.invention, CMOS, chemistry, law, Electrode, Optoelectronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], business, Instrumentation
Abstract

Monolithic active pixel sensors introduce a detection technique, where the active detecting element is a thin, moderately doped, and undepleted silicon layer and the readout electronics is implanted on top of it. The built-in potential, resulting from differences in doping, screens both parts, as well as it confines the charge diffusing to the readout electrodes. The R&D was triggered by the increasing need of high performance flavour identification capabilities that should be provided by future vertex detectors. The viability of the technology and its high tracking performances were demonstrated with small-scale prototypes, made of small arrays of a few thousands of pixels and more recently with a first prototype of a serviceable size of one million pixels. This paper summarizes results from tests performed with relativistic charged particles on prototypes essentially fabricated with a classical 3-transistor pixel configuration. Within the last year, two novel ideas optimising the pixel design for a vertex detector have been developed. They are presented with test results assessing their suitability.

Published
2002

34. Tracking performance and radiation tolerance of monolithic active pixel sensors

Author

Yu. Gornushkin, M. Deveaux, A. Gay, A. Himmi, Ch. Hu, I. Valin, M. Winter, C. Colledani, G. Claus, G. Deptuch, W. Dulinski, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Pixel, business.industry, Tracking (particle physics), CMOS, Radiation tolerance, Electronic engineering, Optoelectronics, Vertex detector, Granularity, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Radiation hardening
Abstract

CMOS sensors have been developed at IReS–LEPSI for 3 years for future vertex detectors needing very high granularity and minimal material budget. The first prototypes, made of small arrays of a few thousands of pixels, demonstrated the viability of the technology and its high tracking performances (e.g. signal-to-noise ratio=20–30, more than 99% detection efficiency, spatial resolution of 1.5 μm ). As a consequence, CMOS sensors are now being considered as promising alternatives to existing technologies for various vertex detectors of the coming decade, as well as for numerous other applications in various fields. Important steps were achieved recently in order to further understand the characteristics of this new technology and to continue assessing it for its different application domains: the radiation tolerance of sensors to high neutron fluences were studied and a real-scale prototype, made of arrays of 1 million of pixels, was fabricated. Preliminary results on radiation tolerance and on the performances of the real-scale prototype are presented.

Published
2002

35. Test results of monolithic active pixel sensors for charged particle tracking

Author

D. Husson, M. Koppenhöfer, J.L. Riester, Alexander Dierlamm, Yu. A. Gornushkin, Marc Winter, G. Claus, W. De Boer, W. Dulinski, Grzegorz Deptuch, J. Bol, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, High energy, Pixel, business.industry, Tracking (particle physics), Charged particle, Magnetic field, CMOS, Optoelectronics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], business, Instrumentation, Image resolution, Beam (structure)
Abstract

A new generation of semi-conducting pixel sensors for detecting minimum ionising particles (m.i.p.) was designed and first prototypes of Monolithic Active Pixel Sensors (MAPS), called MIMOSA, 2 were fabricated in a standard CMOS technology. The performances of the first prototypes were evaluated with high energy π− beams and with an X-ray source in strong magnetic fields. The beam test results demonstrate that the sensors detect m.i.p.s with very high efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio and provide excellent spatial resolution. The influence of strong magnetic fields is observed to be modest.

Published
2001

36. Diluent Influence on the Extraction of some Transition Metalchloride Complexes with Triïsoöctylamine

Author

A.P. Van Peteghem, M. Verhaege, and G. Claus

Subjects
Transition metal, Chemistry, Extraction (chemistry), Inorganic chemistry, medicine, High density, General Chemistry, Diluent, Chloride, Base metal, medicine.drug
Abstract

Recently, chlorinated high density hydrocarbons have been proposed as diluent or as additive to more common solvents for the liquid-liquid extraction of some base metals (1,2,3). In this communication the extraction curves of some transition metals from chloride solutions with a currently used anionexchanger (triisooctylamine) solved in perchloroethylene are presented. The results are compared with those obtained for more commonly used solvents in liquid-liquid extraction: SHELLSOL K (an aliphatic diluent) and SOLVESSO 150 (an aromatic diluent).

Published
2010
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37. Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys

Author

Clifford B. Wilson, Matthew R. Earlam, James E. Hillis, and Ken G. Claus

Subjects
Electrolysis, business.product_category, Materials science, Magnesium, Metallurgy, technology, industry, and agriculture, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Raw material, equipment and supplies, law.invention, Metal, chemistry, law, Aluminium, visual_art, Ductile iron, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, Die (manufacturing), Molten salt, business
Abstract

Magnesium is the world's most readily available metal and occurs naturally in minerals, brines, and seawater. Magnesium metal is prepared commercially by two types of processes. In the first process, magnesium chloride is recovered from the raw materials and converted to metal by molten salt electrolysis. The second process involves the reduction of magnesium oxide with silicon or aluminum at high temperatures. The resulting metal is then cast into a variety of shapes and sizes of ingots, or alloyed with various other metals and made into ingots, slabs, billets, and many extruded shapes. Pure magnesium is used for making aluminum alloys, the desulfurization of steel, the manufacture of ductile iron, and as a reducing agent for the production of other metals. Elemental magnesium is the lightest structural metal. Magnesium alloys are used mainly in die and sand castings, and in the manufacture of wrought products. Alloy composition is varied to obtain the desired physical and mechanical properties for a given application.

Published
2000
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39. [Undesirable side effects in thrombolytic therapy]

Author

G, Claus and D C, Gulba

Subjects
Fibrinolytic Agents, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Contraindications, Myocardial Infarction, Humans, Hemorrhage, Thrombolytic Therapy, Thrombosis, Blood Coagulation Tests
Abstract

Even with the new fibrin-specific plasminogen activators thrombolytic therapy remains burdened with numerous side effects, some of them being severe or even life threatening, therapists being horrified if in rare cases the patient dies from severe haemorrhage subsequent to thrombolysis. The incidence and severity of bleeding increase with increasing aggressiveness of the therapeutic regimen and with increasing time during which the thrombolytic state is maintained. Furthermore, side effects related either to the plasminogen activator used (allergic reactions and systemic fibrinogen breakdown e.g.) or related to the underlying disease (pulmonary embolism and reperfusion arrhythmias e.g.) have to be considered. In order not to let thrombolysis become a double-edged sword, the risks of thrombolytic therapy should carefully be weighted against the benefits before thrombolysis is commenced.

Published
1993

41. Acknowledgment to Referees for Dermatology 1997

Author

G. Riccio, Jean-Hilaire Saurat, A. Ishibashi, F. Rippke, C. Letawe, I. Bielsa, A. von Felten, G.G. Lestringant, M.-P. Labarthe, Philippe Tréchot, I.H. Galadari, I.K. Hornstra, M. Gallego, Camille Francès, M. Ribera, S. Untiedt, M. Palvarini, J. Rügemer, G. von Kohyletzki, A. Bonnafoux-Clavere, E.A. Bingham, M. Monika Weber, A. Aguilar, P.M. Frossard, C. Mann, T. Hunziker, M.A. Hurhi, W.Y.M. Tang, A. Stoehr, M.L. Battifoglio, T. Reuther, P. Clavere, G. Posteraro, J. Ring, Sandipan Dhar, S. Reichert-Penetrat, E. Inselvini, A. Traub, S. Palacios, J. Hafiier, A. Reborn, L. Maunoury, C. Ferrándiz, M. Olivares, E. Hölzle, J. Bazex, R.B. Strieker, F. Drago, P. Altmeyer, H.G. Skelton, A. Friedl, J.J. Meffert, G. Claus, K. Hoffmann, R. Betti, E. Masgrau, E. Piqué, J.M. Carrascosa, B. Gorguet, E.M. Procaccini, I. Masouyé, R.B. Lee, R. Disch, B. Couret, J. Rousseau, S.B. Margulis, P. Chavaz, C.T. Ammirati, K. Nomura, F. Malaguti, Jean-Luc Schmutz, D. Abeck, H. Laubenthal, H. Gollnick, J.M. Bonnetblanc, H. Banba, K. Bohnsack, A.W. Gerbig, A. Plettenberg, Gérald Pierard, V. Goffin, J.L. Laporte, Akira Kawada, G. Monfrecola, I. Hashimoto, P. Bayle-Lebey, Dan Lipsker, Subrata Malakar, K.F. Wagner, R. Viraben, P. Hügler, J.C. Piette, W. Meigel, J. Yeager, Lars E. French, F. Stäb, V. Schreiner, L.R. Braathen, E. Adeghate, C. Crosti, V. Roman, E. Weisshaar, E. Martinez, D.K.B. Armstrong, I. Hadshiew, A. Fujioka, L. Casula, M. Gfesser, M. Chishiki, C. Bedane, M.F. Peake, J.L. Wilde, M. Just, Annick Barbaud, E. Losi, J.-F. Cuny, K.J. Smith, E. Ranieri, M. Stücker, and M. Hiruma

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Family medicine, Medicine, Dermatology, business
Published
1997
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43. Formation of cenospheres during pyrolysis of residual fuel oils

Author

N. Bomo, G. Claus, J. Lahaye, and G. Prado

Subjects
Materials science, Carbonization, Cenosphere, Elemental analysis, medicine, Fuel oil, Composite material, Combustion, medicine.disease_cause, Pyrolysis, Soot, Asphaltene
Abstract

Cenospheres i.e. macroporous spheres with diameters between a few tens and a few hundreds micrometers, are formed during combustion of heavy fuel oils by pyrolysis or oxidative pyrolysis of the fuel, directly from the liquid to the solid phase. The authors developed a device which produces a string of monodisperse droplets of fuel (injection through a capillary tube connected with a vibrator) and allows the measurement of diameters of droplets before and after pyrolysis in a nitrogen atmosphere. Residues of carbonization are collected at the outlet of the furnace and characterized (elemental analysis, optical and electron microscopy, etc.) Results were confirmed on semi-industrial and industrial scale. A visbroken fuel and a steamcracking residue were compared. Analytical results and a computed heat balance show that (i) yield of cenospheres is more related to chemical structure of asphaltenes than to their amount (ii) censpheres are produced at temperatures much lower than those of soot formation. Thickness of the external layer of cenosphere is increasing with temperature (iii) when a fuel produces cenospheres, each droplet yields one cenosphere. The cenosphere is formed inside the droplet and not by carbonization of fuel at the liquid/gas interface.

Published
1985
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45. Antiaggregatorische und anticoagulante Eigenschaften von Oligoaminen, 7. Mitt.: Benzol-1,3,5-trialkanamine

Author

G. Claus, Ute Lükens, and Klaus Rehse

Subjects
Platelet aggregation, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Biological activity, IC50, Medicinal chemistry
Abstract

Es wurden 17 Benzol-1,3,5-trialkanamine dargestellt, von denen 9 die durch Collagen induzierte Trombocytenaggregation in Konzentrationen zwischen 2–4 μmol/L halbmaximal hemmten. Die Gerinnungsfahigkeit von Blutplasma – dargestellt als Verlangerung der Thromboplastinzeit – wurde von 7 Substanzen in Konzentrationen von ≦ 50 μmol/L auf weniger als 25 % der Norm herabgesetzt. Die Substanz 4-(2-Thienylbutyl)-1,3,5-benzol-trimethanamin (15) zeigte die obigen antiaggregatorischen und anticoagulanten Effekte in der gleichen Konzentration von 25 μmol/L. Platelet Aggregation Inhibiting and Anticoagulant Effects of Oligoamines, VII: Benzene-1,3,5-trialkanamines Seventeen title compounds were synthesized. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen in vitro is inhibited by 9 of them at IC50 = 2–4 μmol/L. Seven compounds depress the formation of fibrin to ≦ 25 % of normal in concentrations below 50 μmol/L. Compound 15 [4-(2-thienylbutyl)benzene-1,3,5-trimethanamine is the first oligoamine which shows anticoagulant and antiplatelet effects at the same concentration (25 μmol/L).

Published
1987
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46. Applikation von Fibrinogen und Fibrin bei Störungen der primären Wundheilung

Author

G. Claus, H. Köstering, and J. U. Wieding

Subjects
business.industry, Medicine, Hematology, business
Abstract

ZusammenfassungBei Patienten mit Störung der primären Wundheilung nach operativen Eingriffen oder im Rahmen anderer Erkrankungen, z.T. mit Störung der Mikrozirkulation, erfolgte die Applikation von Fibrinogen/Fibrin zur Förderung der Wundheilung. Neben der üblichen oberflächlichen Applikation im Sinne eines plastischen Wundverschlusses wurde zur Steigerung der proliferativen Prozesse gezielt das Fibrinogen (ohne Thrombin!) auch flach in den Wundgrund injiziert.Insgesamt war bei Patienten mit Fibrin(ogen)-Applikation eine Verkürzung der Heilungsdauer festzustellen, die wiederum von vorbestehenden Mikrozirkulationsverhältnissen abhing; Wundinfektionen nahmen ab, Abszeßbildung trat nicht auf.Die beschleunigte Wundheilung wird u.a. auf die Steigerung proliferativer Prozesse zurückgeführt.Bei Störungen der primären Wundheilung unterschiedlicher Genese, selbst bei vorbestehender Wundinfektion, erscheint daher die Applikation von Fibrinogen/Fibrin sinnvoll.

Published
1987
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47. La pulvérisation du fuel oïl lourd par des combustibles gazeux

Author

L. M. Portrait, G. Claus, A. Ladurelli, and P. Leblanc

Subjects
Ocean Engineering
Abstract

Pour faciliter l'inflammation du fuel lourd on procede a sa pulverisation au droit du bruleur. Deux methodes sont generalement employees a cet effet : - La pulverisation mecanique qui consiste a faire passer le liquide sous forte pression au travers d'orifices calibres de petit diametre. - La pulverisation pneumatique qui consiste a utiliser la detente d'un fluide auxiliaire prealablement comprime. Les fluides couramment utilises pour cela sont l'air comprime et la vapeur d'eau ; toutefois tous les combustibles gazeux, notamment le gaz naturel et les gaz de raffinerie, peuvent egalement servir de fluide de pulverisation quand ils sont disponibles sous pression.

Published
1980
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48. Hydrodynamic study of gas and solid flow through a screen-packing

Author

P. Le Goff, F. Vergnes, and G. Claus

Subjects
Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Mineralogy
Abstract

Many drawbacks of conventional gas fluidized beds can be avoided by filling the column with a fixed wire-screen Raschig ring packing of high voidage. Such systems have been studied in batch and countercurrent continuous mode. Excellent fluidization occurs with relatively coarse particles but not with smaller particles. In batch systems, the expansion is given by a Capes and McIlhinney type power law and the contribution of the packing to support the bed can be up 20 percent of the weight of solid. In countercurrent systems, for each gas velocity two operating points can occur: the dilute or the dense phase bed in the same way as for gas liquid flow. All increases in the flow of the solid or in the dilution of the bed lead the packing to support a greater part of the grains. On peut eviter bien des inconvenients usuels des lits fluidises au gaz en remplissant la colonne avec un garnissage fixe de forte porosite et comprenant un anneau de Rasching avec tamis metallique. On a etudie des systemes de ce genre sous forme discontinue et sous forme continue a contre-courant; il s'y produit une excellente fluidisation dans le cas des particules relativement grosses, mais non pas lorsqu'il s'agit des particules plus petites. Dans les systemes discontinus, on obtient l'expansion au moyen d'une loi d'energie du genre de celle de Capes et McIlhinney et la contribution du garnissage au support du lit peut atteindre 20% du poids de la matiere solide. Dans les systemes a contre-courant, il peut se produire, pour chaque vitesse du gaz, un lit a phase diluee ou dense, comme dans le cas d'un ecoulement de gaz et de liquide. Toutes les augmentations dans l'ecoulement de la matiere solide ou dans la dilution du lit permet au garnissage de supporter une plus grande partie des grains.

Published
1976
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49. Antiaggregatorische und anticoagulante Eigenschaften von Oligoaminen, 6. Mitt.: Oligohydroxyalkandiamine

Author

S. Leissring, Klaus Rehse, and G. Claus

Subjects
Chain length, Platelet aggregation, Chemistry, Stereochemistry, Drug Discovery, Pharmaceutical Science, Platelet aggregation inhibitor, Biological activity, Medicinal chemistry
Abstract

Es wurden 17 oligohydroxylierte Alkandiamine dargestellt, von denen acht die durch Collagen induzierte Thrombocytenaggregation in Konzentrationen unter 10 μmol/L halbmaximal hemmten. Sieben dieser Substanzen setzten die Gerinnungsfahigkeit von Blutplasma – dargestellt als Verlangerung der Thromboplastinzeit – in Konzentrationen zwischen 50 und 400 μmol/L auf 25 % der Norm herab. Mit 1,4-Bisoctylaminobutan-2,3-diol (16) wurde eine Substanz mit starker Thrombocytenwirkung (IC50 = 9 μmol/L) jedoch ohne anticoagulante Effekte gefunden. 16 zeigt auch die durch die Einfuhrung der Hydroxylfunktionen angestrebte Verbesserung der Wasserloslichkeit (55 mmol/L) am deutlichsten. Platelet Aggregation Inhibiting and Anticoagulant Effects of Oligoamines, VI: Oligohydroxyalkanediamines Seventeen title compounds, mainly N,N′-disubstituted derivatives of 1,4-diaminobutane-2,3-diol, were synthesized. Platelet aggregation induced by collagen in vitro is inhibited by eight of them at IC50 ≦ 10 μmol/L. Seven of those depress the formation of fibrin to 25 % of normal in concentrations between 50 and 400 μmol/L. Compound 16 [1,4-bis(octylamino)butane-2,3-diol] shows strong antiplatelet activity (IC50 = 9 μmol/L) without influencing fibrin formation. This compound also exhibits best the desired improvement of solubility in water (55 mmol/L) by substitution of alkanediamines with hydroxy groups.

Published
1987
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50. Valorisation des brais durs de pétrole par combustion

Author

G. Claus, D. Bouchez, A. Feugier, A. Moissant, and G. Scherer

Subjects
Materials science, Environmental engineering, Ocean Engineering, Fluidized bed combustion, Fuel oil, Solvent extraction, Solid fuel
Abstract

Le desasphaltage au solvant SOLVAHL, mis au point sur la plate-forme ASVAHL, est une des techniques les plus prometteuses pour la conversion profonde des produits lourds de raffinage. Elle produit un brai dur dont une des valorisations possible est sa combustion. Six operations de demonstration ont ete effectuees. Elles ont fait appel a des techniques de combustion type combustible liquide ou combustible solide. Elles ont montre qu'il existe des equipements industriels capables de bruler les brais au C5, avec le plus souvent des modifications mineures a leur apporter.

Published
1987
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