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1. Medium-resolution 0.97–5.3 μm Spectra of Very Young Benchmark Brown Dwarfs with NIRSpec on Board the James Webb Space Telescope

Author: Elena Manjavacas, Pascal Tremblin, Stephan Birkmann, Jeff Valenti, Catarina Alves de Oliveira, Tracy L. Beck, G. Giardino, N. Lützgendorf, B. J. Rauscher, and M. Sirianni
Subjects: L dwarfs, M dwarf stars, Spectroscopy, Astronomy, QB1-991
Abstract: Spectra of young benchmark brown dwarfs with well-known ages are vital to characterize other brown dwarfs, for which ages are in general not known. These spectra are also crucial to test atmospheric models, which have the potential to provide detailed information about the atmospheres of these objects. However, to test atmospheric models optimally, medium-resolution, long-wavelength-coverage spectra with well-understood uncertainties are ideal, such as the spectra provided by the NIRSpec instrument on board the James Webb Space Telescope. In this paper, we present medium-resolution JWST/NIRSpec spectra of two young brown dwarfs, TWA 28 (M9.0) and TWA 27A (M9.0), and one planetary-mass object, TWA 27B (L6.0), members of the TW Hydrae Association (age ∼ 10 Myr). We show the richness of the atomic lines and molecular bands present in the spectra. All objects show signs of a circumstellar disk, via a near-infrared excess and/or via emission lines. We matched a set of cloudless atmospheric spectra ( ATMO ), and cloudy atmospheric spectra ( BT-Settl ) to our NIRSpec spectra, and analyzed which wavelength ranges and spectral features both models reproduce best. Both models derive consistent parameters for the three sources, and predict the existence of CH _4 at 3.35 μ m in TWA 27B. Nonetheless, in contrast to other slightly older objects with similar spectral type, like PSO 318.5–22 and VHS 1256b, this feature is not present in the spectrum of TWA 27B. The lack of the CH _4 feature might suggest that the L–T transition of very young dwarfs starts at later spectral types than for older brown dwarfs.
Published: 2024
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2. JWST/NIRSpec Observations of the Planetary Mass Companion TWA 27B

Author: K. L. Luhman, P. Tremblin, S. M. Birkmann, E. Manjavacas, J. Valenti, C. Alves de Oliveira, T. L. Beck, G. Giardino, N. Lützgendorf, B. J. Rauscher, and M. Sirianni
Subjects: Brown dwarfs, L dwarfs, Exoplanet atmospheres, Circumstellar disks, Protoplanetary disks, Substellar companion stars, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract: We present 1–5 μ m spectroscopy of the young planetary mass companion TWA 27B (2M1207B) performed with NIRSpec on board the James Webb Space Telescope. In these data, the fundamental band of CH _4 is absent, and the fundamental band of CO is weak. The nondetection of CH _4 reinforces a previously observed trend of weaker CH _4 with younger ages among L dwarfs, which has been attributed to enhanced nonequilibrium chemistry among young objects. The weakness of CO may reflect an additional atmospheric property that varies with age, such as the temperature gradient or cloud thickness. We are able to reproduce the broad shape of the spectrum with an ATMO cloudless model that has T _eff = 1300 K, nonequilibrium chemistry, and a temperature gradient reduction caused by fingering convection. However, the fundamental bands of CH _4 and CO are somewhat stronger in the model. In addition, the model temperature of 1300 K is higher than expected from evolutionary models given the luminosity and age of TWA 27B ( T _eff = 1200 K). Previous models of young L-type objects suggest that the inclusion of clouds could potentially resolve these issues; it remains to be seen whether cloudy models can provide a good fit to the 1–5 μ m data from NIRSpec. TWA 27B exhibits emission in Paschen transitions and the He I triplet at 1.083 μ m, which are signatures of accretion that provide the first evidence of a circumstellar disk. We have used the NIRSpec data to estimate the bolometric luminosity of TWA 27B (log L / L _⊙ = −4.466 ± 0.014), which implies a mass of 5–6 M _Jup according to evolutionary models.
Published: 2023
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3. In-orbit Performance of the Near-infrared Spectrograph NIRSpec on the James Webb Space Telescope

Author: T. Böker, T. L. Beck, S. M. Birkmann, G. Giardino, C. Keyes, N. Kumari, J. Muzerolle, T. Rawle, P. Zeidler, Y. Abul-Huda, C. Alves de Oliveira, S. Arribas, K. Bechtold, R. Bhatawdekar, N. Bonaventura, A. J. Bunker, A. J. Cameron, S. Carniani, S. Charlot, M. Curti, N. Espinoza, P. Ferruit, M. Franx, P. Jakobsen, D. Karakla, M. López-Caniego, N. Lützgendorf, R. Maiolino, E. Manjavacas, A. P. Marston, S. H. Moseley, P. Ogle, M. Perna, M. Peña-Guerrero, N. Pirzkal, R. Plesha, C. R. Proffitt, B. J. Rauscher, H.-W. Rix, B. Rodríguez del Pino, Z. Rustamkulov, E. Sabbi, D. K. Sing, M. Sirianni, M. te Plate, L. Úbeda, G. M. Wahlgren, E. Wislowski, R. Wu, Chris J. Willott, Böker, T., Beck, T. L., Birkmann, S. M., Giardino, G., Keyes, C., Kumari, N., Muzerolle, J., Rawle, T., Zeidler, P., Abul-Huda, Y., de Oliveira, C. A., Arribas, S., Bechtold, K., Bhatawdekar, R., Bonaventura, N., Bunker, A. J., Cameron, A. J., Carniani, S., Charlot, S., Curti, M., Espinoza, N., Ferruit, P., Franx, M., Jakobsen, P., Karakla, D., López-Caniego, M., Lützgendorf, N., Maiolino, R., Manjavacas, E., Marston, A. P., Moseley, S. H., Ogle, P., Perna, M., Peña-Guerrero, M., Pirzkal, N., Plesha, R., Proffitt, C. R., Rauscher, B. J., Rix, H. W., del Pino, B. R., Rustamkulov, Z., Sabbi, E., Sing, D. K., Sirianni, M., Plate, M. t., Úbeda, L., Wahlgren, G. M., Wislowski, E., Wu, R., Willott, C. J., Böker, T [0000-0002-5666-7782], Beck, TL [0000-0002-6881-0574], Birkmann, SM [0000-0001-7058-1726], Giardino, G [0000-0002-9262-7155], Keyes, C [0000-0002-4834-369X], Kumari, N [0000-0002-5320-2568], Rawle, T [0000-0002-7028-5588], Zeidler, P [0000-0002-6091-7924], de Oliveira, CA [0000-0003-2896-4138], Arribas, S [0000-0001-7997-1640], Bechtold, K [0000-0002-7722-6900], Bhatawdekar, R [0000-0003-0883-2226], Bonaventura, N [0000-0001-8470-7094], Cameron, AJ [0000-0002-0450-7306], Carniani, S [0000-0002-6719-380X], Charlot, S [0000-0003-3458-2275], Curti, M [0000-0002-2678-2560], Espinoza, N [0000-0001-9513-1449], Ferruit, P [0000-0001-8895-0606], Jakobsen, P [0000-0002-6780-2441], López-Caniego, M [0000-0003-1016-9283], Lützgendorf, N [0000-0002-4034-0080], Maiolino, R [0000-0002-4985-3819], Manjavacas, E [0000-0003-0192-6887], Marston, AP [0000-0001-5788-5258], Ogle, P [0000-0002-3471-981X], Perna, M [0000-0002-0362-5941], Peña-Guerrero, M [0000-0003-2314-3453], Plesha, R [0000-0002-2509-3878], Proffitt, CR [0000-0001-7617-5665], Rauscher, BJ [0000-0003-2662-6821], del Pino, BR [0000-0001-5171-3930], Sabbi, E [0000-0003-2954-7643], Sing, DK [0000-0001-6050-7645], Sirianni, M [0000-0002-7626-6361], Úbeda, L [0000-0001-7130-2880], Wahlgren, GM [0000-0002-6570-4776], Willott, CJ [0000-0002-4201-7367], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Spectrometers (1554), Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Space and Planetary Science, DETECTORS, FOS: Physical sciences, Spectroscopy (1558), Space telescopes (1547), Astronomy and Astrophysics, 5109 Space Sciences, Space vehicle instruments (1548) [Unified Astronomy Thesaurus concepts], Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 51 Physical Sciences
Abstract: The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) is one of the four focal plane instruments on the James Webb Space Telescope. In this paper, we summarize the in-orbit performance of NIRSpec, as derived from data collected during its commissioning campaign and the first few months of nominal science operations. More specifically, we discuss the performance of some critical hardware components such as the two NIRSpec Hawaii-2RG (H2RG) detectors, wheel mechanisms, and the micro-shutter array. We also summarize the accuracy of the two target acquisition procedures used to accurately place science targets into the slit apertures, discuss the current status of the spectro-photometric and wavelength calibration of NIRSpec spectra, and provide the as measured sensitivity in all NIRSpec science modes. Finally, we point out a few important considerations for the preparation of NIRSpec science programs., accepted by PASP for special issue on JWST in-orbit performance
Published: 2023

4. The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope III. Integral-field spectroscopy

Author: T. Böker, S. Arribas, N. Lützgendorf, C. Alves de Oliveira, T. L. Beck, S. Birkmann, A. J. Bunker, S. Charlot, G. de Marchi, P. Ferruit, G. Giardino, P. Jakobsen, N. Kumari, M. López-Caniego, R. Maiolino, E. Manjavacas, A. Marston, S. H. Moseley, J. Muzerolle, P. Ogle, N. Pirzkal, B. Rauscher, T. Rawle, H.-W. Rix, E. Sabbi, B. Sargent, M. Sirianni, M. te Plate, J. Valenti, C. J. Willott, P. Zeidler, Böker, T [0000-0002-5666-7782], Arribas, S [0000-0001-7997-1640], Lützgendorf, N [0000-0001-6126-5238], Alves De Oliveira, C [0000-0003-2896-4138], Birkmann, S [0000-0001-7058-1726], Charlot, S [0000-0003-3458-2275], De Marchi, G [0000-0001-7906-3829], Giardino, G [0000-0002-9262-7155], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Space and Planetary Science, techniques: imaging spectroscopy, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, space vehicles: instruments, methods: observational, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), instrumentation: spectrographs
Abstract: The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) offers the first opportunity to use integral-field spectroscopy from space at near-infrared wavelengths. More specifically, NIRSpec's integral-field unit can obtain spectra covering the wavelength range $0.6 - 5.3~\mu$m for a contiguous 3.1 arcsec $\times$ 3.2 arcsec sky area at spectral resolutions of $R \approx 100$, 1000, and 2700. In this paper we describe the optical and mechanical design of the NIRSpec integral-field spectroscopy mode, together with its expected performance. We also discuss a few recommended observing strategies, some of which are driven by the fact that NIRSpec is a multipurpose instrument with a number of different observing modes, which are discussed in companion papers. We briefly discuss the data processing steps required to produce wavelength- and flux-calibrated data cubes that contain the spatial and spectral information. Lastly, we mention a few scientific topics that are bound to benefit from this highly innovative capability offered by JWST/NIRSpec., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 13 pages, 14 figures
Published: 2022
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5. The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope - I. Overview of the instrument and its capabilities

Author: P. Jakobsen, P. Ferruit, C. Alves de Oliveira, S. Arribas, G. Bagnasco, R. Barho, T. L. Beck, S. Birkmann, T. Böker, A. J. Bunker, S. Charlot, P. de Jong, G. de Marchi, R. Ehrenwinkler, M. Falcolini, R. Fels, M. Franx, D. Franz, M. Funke, G. Giardino, X. Gnata, W. Holota, K. Honnen, P. L. Jensen, M. Jentsch, T. Johnson, D. Jollet, H. Karl, G. Kling, J. Köhler, M.-G. Kolm, N. Kumari, M. E. Lander, R. Lemke, M. López-Caniego, N. Lützgendorf, R. Maiolino, E. Manjavacas, A. Marston, M. Maschmann, R. Maurer, B. Messerschmidt, S. H. Moseley, P. Mosner, D. B. Mott, J. Muzerolle, N. Pirzkal, J.-F. Pittet, A. Plitzke, W. Posselt, B. Rapp, B. J. Rauscher, T. Rawle, H.-W. Rix, A. Rödel, P. Rumler, E. Sabbi, J.-C. Salvignol, T. Schmid, M. Sirianni, C. Smith, P. Strada, M. te Plate, J. Valenti, T. Wettemann, T. Wiehe, M. Wiesmayer, C. J. Willott, R. Wright, P. Zeidler, C. Zincke, Jakobsen, P [0000-0002-6780-2441], Ferruit, P [0000-0001-8895-0606], Alves De Oliveira, C [0000-0003-2896-4138], Arribas, S [0000-0001-7997-1640], Birkmann, S [0000-0001-7058-1726], Böker, T [0000-0002-5666-7782], Charlot, S [0000-0003-3458-2275], De Marchi, G [0000-0001-7906-3829], Franx, M [0000-0002-8871-3026], Giardino, G [0000-0002-9262-7155], Kumari, N [0000-0002-5320-2568], Lützgendorf, N [0000-0001-6126-5238], Manjavacas, E [0000-0003-0192-6887], Marston, A [0000-0001-5788-5258], Muzerolle, J [0000-0002-5943-1222], Pirzkal, N [0000-0003-3382-5941], Rawle, T [0000-0002-7028-5588], Rix, HW [0000-0003-4996-9069], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: Astrophysics - instrumentation and methods for astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Spectrographs, Space vehicles - instruments, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, space vehicles: instruments, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Instrumentation, instrumentation: spectrographs
Abstract: We provide an overview of the design and capabilities of the near-infrared spectrograph (NIRSpec) onboard the James Webb Space Telescope. NIRSpec is designed to be capable of carrying out low-resolution ($R\!=30\!-330$) prism spectroscopy over the wavelength range $0.6-5.3\!~\mu$m and higher resolution ($R\!=500\!-1340$ or $R\!=1320\!-3600$) grating spectroscopy over $0.7-5.2\!~\mu$m, both in single-object mode employing any one of five fixed slits, or a 3.1$\times$3.2 arcsec$^2$ integral field unit, or in multiobject mode employing a novel programmable micro-shutter device covering a 3.6$\times$3.4~arcmin$^2$ field of view. The all-reflective optical chain of NIRSpec and the performance of its different components are described, and some of the trade-offs made in designing the instrument are touched upon. The faint-end spectrophotometric sensitivity expected of NIRSpec, as well as its dependency on the energetic particle environment that its two detector arrays are likely to be subjected to in orbit are also discussed., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 22 pages, 19 figures
Published: 2022
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6. The Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope. II

Author: P. Ferruit, P. Jakobsen, G. Giardino, T. Rawle, C. Alves de Oliveira, S. Arribas, T. L. Beck, S. Birkmann, T. Böker, A. J. Bunker, S. Charlot, G. de Marchi, M. Franx, A. Henry, D. Karakla, S. A. Kassin, N. Kumari, M. López-Caniego, N. Lützgendorf, R. Maiolino, E. Manjavacas, A. Marston, S. H. Moseley, J. Muzerolle, N. Pirzkal, B. Rauscher, H.-W. Rix, E. Sabbi, M. Sirianni, M. te Plate, J. Valenti, C. J. Willott, P. Zeidler, Maiolino, Roberto [0000-0002-4985-3819], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Subjects: space vehicles instruments, infrared general, Space and Planetary Science, instrumentation spectrographs, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), astro-ph.IM
Abstract: We provide an overview of the capabilities and performance of the Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) on the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) when used in its multi-object spectroscopy (MOS) mode employing a novel Micro Shutter Array (MSA) slit device. The MSA consists of four separate 98 arcsec $\times$ 91 arcsec quadrants each containing $365\times171$ individually addressable shutters whose open areas on the sky measure 0.20 arcsec $\times$ 0.46 arcsec on a 0.27 arcsec $\times$ 0.53 arcsec pitch. This is the first time that a configurable multi-object spectrograph has been available on a space mission. The levels of multiplexing achievable with NIRSpec MOS mode are quantified and we show that NIRSpec will be able to observe typically fifty to two hundred objects simultaneously with the pattern of close to a quarter of a million shutters provided by the MSA. This pattern is fixed and regular, and we identify the specific constraints that it yields for NIRSpec observation planning. We also present the data processing and calibration steps planned for the NIRSpec MOS data. The significant variation in size of the mostly diffraction-limited instrument point spread function over the large wavelength range of 0.6-5.3 $\mu$m covered by the instrument, combined with the fact that most targets observed with the MSA cannot be expected to be perfectly centred within their respective slits, makes the spectrophotometric and wavelength calibration of the obtained spectra particularly complex. These challenges notwithstanding, the sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities anticipated of NIRSpec in MOS mode are unprecedented, and should enable significant progress to be made in addressing a wide range of outstanding astrophysical problems., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 16 pages, 14 figure
Published: 2022

7. The Planck Submillimeter Properties of Galactic High-mass Star-forming Regions: Dust Temperatures, Luminosities, Masses, and Star Formation Efficiency

Author: Alessio Traficante, Roberta Paladini, G. Joncas, M. Veneziani, E. Schisano, G. Giardino, D. L. Harrison, James Urquhart, Edith Falgarone, Joseph C. Mottram, Sergio Molinari, G. Umana, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Observatoire de Paris, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CY Cergy Paris Université (CY)
Subjects: Compact H ii region, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Young stellar object, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, symbols.namesake, H ii regions, 0103 physical sciences, Protostar, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Star formation, Molecular cloud, Galactic Center, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Radius, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Young stellar objects, Protostars, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), symbols, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract: Massive star formation occurs in the interior of giant molecular clouds (GMC) and proceeds through many stages. In this work, we focus on massive young stellar objects (MYSOs) and Ultra-Compact HII regions (UCHII), where the former are enshrouded in dense envelopes of dust and gas, which the latter have begun dispersing. By selecting a complete sample of MYSOs and UCHII from the Red MSX Source (RMS) survey data base, we combine Planck and IRAS data and build their Spectral Energy Distributions (SEDs). With these, we estimate the physical properties (dust temperatures, mass, luminosity) of the sample. Because the RMS database provides unique solar distances, it also allows investigating the instantaneous Star Formation Efficiency (SFE) as a function of Galactocentric radius. We find that the SFE increase between 2 and 4.5 kpc, where it reaches a peak, likely in correspondence of the accumulation of molecular material at the end of the Galactic bar. It then stays approximately constant up to 9 kpc, after which it linearly declines, in agreement with predictions from extragalactic studies. This behavior suggests the presence of a significant amount of undetected molecular gas at R$_G$ $>$ 8 kpc. Finally we present diagnostic colors that can be used to identify sites of massive star formation., Accepted for publication to ApJ
Published: 2021

8. Results from Droxo

Author: G. Giardino, Giuseppina Micela, Ignazio Pillitteri, Fabio Favata, Ettore Flaccomio, S. Sciortino, GIARDINO G, FAVATA F, PILLITTERI I, FLACCOMIO E, MICELA G, and SCIORTINO S
Subjects: Physics, education.field_of_study, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Young stellar object, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Electron, Astrophysics, Spectral line, law.invention, Space and Planetary Science, law, Ionization, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Emission spectrum, education, Equivalent width, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Flare
Abstract: AIMS. We study the variability of the Fe 6.4 KeV emission line from the Class I young stellar object Elias 29 in the Rho-Oph cloud. METHODS. We analysed the data from Elias 29 collected by XMM during a nine-day, nearly continuous observation of the Rho-Oph star-forming region (the Deep Rho-Oph X-ray Observation, named Droxo). The data were subdivided into six homogeneous time intervals, and the six resulting spectra were individually analysed. RESULTS. We detect significant variability in the equivalent width of the Fe 6.4 keV emission line from Elias 29. The 6.4 keV line is absent during the first time interval of observation and appears at its maximum strength during the second time interval (90 ks after Elias 29 undergoes a strong flare). The X-ray thermal emission is unchanged between the two observation segments, while line variability is present at a 99.9% confidence level. Given the significant line variability in the absence of variations in the X-ray ionising continuum and the weakness of the photoionising continuum from the star's thermal X-ray emission, we suggest that the fluorescence may be induced by collisional ionisation from an (unseen) population of non-thermal electrons. We speculate on the possibility that the electrons are accelerated in a reconnection event of a magnetically confined accretion loop, connecting the young star to its circumstellar disk., Accepted for publication in A&A (11 pages, 8 figures)
Published: 2007

9. Planck 2013 results. XXI. Power spectrum and high-order statistics of the Planck all-sky Compton parameter map

Author: Simon Prunet, P. Bielewicz, Jean-François Cardoso, Olivier Doré, L. Toffolatti, Guilaine Lagache, Anthony Lasenby, M. Sandri, Carol Anne Oxborrow, M. Reinecke, M. López-Caniego, E. Keihänen, Simon D. M. White, M. Rossetti, J.-L. Puget, Jussi Tuovinen, François R. Bouchet, A. Curto, L. Popa, Davide Pietrobon, O. Perdereau, A. Coulais, Alain Benoit, Daniel J. Mortlock, J. León-Tavares, D. Herranz, Reijo Keskitalo, Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, Theodore Kisner, S. Ricciardi, G. de Zotti, Peter A. R. Ade, Calvin B. Netterfield, S. Donzelli, M. Frailis, Carlo Baccigalupi, Barbara Comis, E. Hivon, Ben Rusholme, V. Stolyarov, L. Mendes, Y. Giraud-Héraud, Sabino Matarrese, S. Colombi, Jörg P. Rachen, P. Carvalho, Adam Moss, L. Perotto, B. Van Tent, K. Ganga, J.-F. Sygnet, D. L. Harrison, A. J. Banday, Martin Kunz, Pavel Naselsky, R. J. Davis, Jean-Baptiste Melin, A. Moneti, N. Ponthieu, L. P. L. Colombo, Klaus Dolag, Jose M. Diego, Luca Valenziano, Andrea Zonca, Michele Liguori, A. Gregorio, Mathieu Remazeilles, R. Leonardi, Dmitry Novikov, C. Rosset, Jussi-Pekka Väliviita, P. de Bernardis, W. A. Holmes, G. Patanchon, F. Couchot, Michael P. Hobson, Jussi Varis, M. Maris, Federico Nati, Jérôme Bobin, Davide Maino, A. Benoit-Lévy, H. C. Chiang, D. J. Marshall, Luca Terenzi, L. A. Wade, Daniela Paoletti, R. A. Sunyaev, A. Chamballu, J. Lesgourgues, F. Paci, F. Cuttaia, Marian Douspis, L. Pagano, Dipak Munshi, F. Matthai, L. Montier, Giorgio Savini, P. Vielva, F. Pasian, A. Catalano, M. Giard, B. P. Crill, George Efstathiou, Marcella Massardi, F. Piacentini, G. Hurier, A. de Rosa, Alessandro Melchiorri, Ricardo Génova-Santos, Francesca Perrotta, G. W. Pratt, Lung-Yih Chiang, Gianluca Morgante, Anthony Challinor, Jacques Delabrouille, Allan Hornstrup, Anna Bonaldi, Torsten A. Enßlin, D. Yvon, Silvia Masi, M. Bucher, Douglas Scott, Etienne Pointecouteau, I. D. Novikov, A.-S. Suur-Uski, J.-P. Bernard, Nicola Vittorio, C. Armitage-Caplan, H. Dole, Subhabrata Mitra, J. A. Tauber, C. Renault, S. R. Hildebrandt, J. González-Nuevo, T. Poutanen, E. Pierpaoli, Locke D. Spencer, René J. Laureijs, Krzysztof M. Gorski, A. Marcos-Caballero, P. R. Christensen, Benjamin D. Wandelt, Julian Borrill, A. Da Silva, M. Tristram, Carlo Burigana, G. Prézeau, T. R. Jaffe, Jean-Luc Starck, D. Tavagnacco, Luigi Danese, Bruno Maffei, Fabio Finelli, James G. Bartlett, Pasquale Mazzotta, Michael Seiffert, Duncan Hanson, G. Polenta, M. Migliaccio, M. Ashdown, R. Kneissl, M. Linden-Vørnle, Sarah E. Church, J. P. Leahy, R. D. Davies, Serge Gratton, J. Aumont, Kevin M. Huffenberger, F.-X. Désert, J. F. Macías-Pérez, F. Pajot, Rafael Rebolo, R. Sudiwala, W. Hovest, H. K. Eriksen, G. Giardino, D. Santos, E. P. S. Shellard, J. J. Bock, K. Benabed, Graca Rocha, J. R. Bond, Fabrizio Villa, N. Mandolesi, J.-M. Delouis, Andrew H. Jaffe, G. Umana, Philip Lubin, Clive Dickinson, Radek Stompor, M. Tomasi, P. B. Lilje, W. C. Jones, Marco Bersanelli, Mika Juvela, A. Mennella, Nabila Aghanim, F. Noviello, Stéphane Plaszczynski, M. Tucci, M. Bridges, E. Franceschi, Anne Lähteenmäki, Alessandro Gruppuso, S. Galeotta, Olivier Forni, M.-A. Miville-Deschênes, F. K. Hansen, J.-M. Lamarre, S. Osborne, B. Partridge, Sophie Henrot-Versille, Paolo Natoli, I. Ristorcelli, F. Lacasa, Monique Arnaud, Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen, Peter G. Martin, D. Sutton, E. Battaner, F. Sureau, Hannu Kurki-Suonio, I. Flores-Cacho, Lloyd Knox, David L. Clements, G. Roudier, E. Martínez-González, M. Piat, R. B. Barreiro, Fernando Atrio-Barandela, R. C. Butler, T. Riller, X. Dupac, Charles R. Lawrence, Andrea Zacchei, J. Knoche, APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, PLANCK, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Tauber, J, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Armitage-Caplan, C, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoît, A, Benoit-Lévy, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bobin, J, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Bridges, M, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Cardoso, J, Carvalho, P, Catalano, A, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chiang, H, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Church, S, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Comis, B, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Curto, A, Cuttaia, F, Silva, A, Danese, L, Davies, R, Davis, R, de Bernardis, P, Rosa, A, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J, Désert, F, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dolag, K, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Doré, O, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Enßlin, T, Eriksen, H, Finelli, F, Flores-Cacho, I, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Génova-Santos, R, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Héraud, Y, González-Nuevo, J, Górski, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Hanson, D, Harrison, D, Henrot-Versillé, S, Hernández-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Huffenberger, K, Hurier, G, Jaffe, A, Jaffe, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lacasa, F, Lagache, G, Lähteenmäki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Laureijs, R, Lawrence, C, Leahy, J, Leonardi, R, León-Tavares, J, Lesgourgues, J, Liguori, M, Lilje, P, Linden-Vørnle, M, López-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, Maciás-Pérez, J, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Marcos-Caballero, A, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martínez-González, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschênes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Moss, A, Munshi, D, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Oxborrow, C, Paci, F, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Paoletti, D, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prézeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rossetti, M, Roudier, G, Rubinõ-Martín, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savini, G, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Shellard, E, Spencer, L, Starck, J, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sureau, F, Sutton, D, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tavagnacco, D, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Tuovinen, J, Umana, G, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Tent, B, Varis, J, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, White, S, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Tauber, Jan, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Armitage Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Benoit Lévy, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bobin, J., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bridges, M., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cardoso, J. F., Carvalho, P., Catalano, A., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chiang, H. C., Chiang, L. Y., Christensen, P. R., Church, S., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Comis, B., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., De Bernardis, P., De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. M., Désert, F. X., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Flores Cacho, I., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Génova Santos, R. T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud Héraud, Y., González Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, Anna, Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Hanson, D., Harrison, D., Henrot Versillé, S., Hernández Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lacasa, F., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., León Tavares, J., Lesgourgues, J., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., López Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., Maciás Pérez, J. F., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Marcos Caballero, A., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P. G., Martínez González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Mitra, S., Miville Deschênes, M. A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Mortlock, D., Moss, A., Munshi, D., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., Osborne, S., Oxborrow, C. A., Paci, F., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Roudier, G., Rubinõ Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, E. P. S., Spencer, L. D., Starck, J. L., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sureau, F., Sutton, D., Suur Uski, A. S., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, Daniele, Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Tuovinen, J., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., White, S. D. M., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and Science and Technology Facilities Council [2006-2012]
Subjects: Cosmological parameter, Large-scale structure of Universe, POINT SOURCES, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics, clusters: general [Galaxies], CMB, 7. Clean energy, Cosmic infrared background, galaxies, Statistics, media_common, Physics, COUNTS, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science::Computers and Society, MICROWAVE BACKGROUND MAPS, GALAXIES, DATA SETS, galaxies: clusters: general, Physical Sciences, Physics::Space Physics, astro-ph.CO, symbols, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, large-scale structure of Universe, SUNYAEV-ZELDOVICH CLUSTERS, EXTRACTION, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmological parameters, Galaxies: clusters: general, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETERS, education, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, NO, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Planck, Galaxy cluster, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Science & Technology, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysic, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Galaxy, 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, POLE TELESCOPE SURVEY, Sky, Bispectrum
Abstract: We have constructed the first all-sky map of the thermal Sunyaev-Zeldovich (tSZ) effect by applying specifically tailored component separation algorithms to the 100 to 857 GHz frequency channel maps from the Planck survey. This map shows an obvious galaxy cluster tSZ signal that is well matched with blindly detected clusters in the Planck SZ catalogue. To characterize the signal in the tSZ map we have computed its angular power spectrum. At large angular scales (â.,> < 60), the major foreground contaminant is the diffuse thermal dust emission. At small angular scales (â.,> > 500) the clustered cosmic infrared background and residual point sources are the major contaminants. These foregrounds are carefully modelled and subtracted. We thus measure the tSZ power spectrum over angular scales 0.17° â‰ θ â‰ 3.0° that were previously unexplored. The measured tSZ power spectrum is consistent with that expected from the Planck catalogue of SZ sources, with clear evidence of additional signal from unresolved clusters and, potentially, diffuse warm baryons. Marginalized band-powers of the Planck tSZ power spectrum and the best-fit model are given. The non-Gaussianity of the Compton parameter map is further characterized by computing its 1D probability distribution function and its bispectrum. The measured tSZ power spectrum and high order statistics are used to place constraints on σ8., The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU).
Published: 2014

10. Planck 2013 results

Author: T. Poutanen, Olivier Doré, K. Ganga, O. Perdereau, Peter A. R. Ade, Jose M. Diego, Krzysztof M. Gorski, V. Stolyarov, Y. Giraud-Héraud, E. Franceschi, I. Ristorcelli, Martin Kunz, Duncan Hanson, P. R. Christensen, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, P. M. McGehee, Mathieu Remazeilles, Anthony Lasenby, L. Sanselme, Monique Arnaud, Charles R. Lawrence, Jon E. Gudmundsson, L. Pagano, S. Galeotta, F. Piacentini, E. Keihänen, W. Hovest, F. Melot, William T. Reach, Guilaine Lagache, Jean-François Cardoso, Francesca Perrotta, L. Perotto, Allan Hornstrup, George Helou, Etienne Pointecouteau, M. López-Caniego, Alessandro Melchiorri, Kevin M. Huffenberger, Alain Benoit, D. L. Harrison, R. Leonardi, Michele Liguori, Theodore Kisner, Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen, C. North, C. Leroy, M. Maris, N. Ponthieu, A. de Rosa, R.-R. Chary, Jo Dunkley, M. Tucci, Stéphane Colombi, J. J. Bock, M. Ashdown, Pavel Naselsky, R. J. Davis, Andrea Zacchei, H. K. Eriksen, Francine R. Marleau, J. W. Bowyer, Fabrizio Villa, M. Bridges, M. Tomasi, F. Cuttaia, W. A. Holmes, B. Racine, A. Chamballu, Torsten A. Enßlin, Locke D. Spencer, Olivier Forni, J. Aumont, S. R. Hildebrandt, A. Benoit-Lévy, Daniel J. Mortlock, M.-A. Miville-Deschênes, M. Giard, E. Pierpaoli, Aurelien A. Fraisse, M. Frailis, Carlo Baccigalupi, E. Hivon, S. Techene, S. Mottet, P. B. Lilje, D. Sutton, W. C. Jones, F. K. Hansen, J. Knoche, Marco Bersanelli, Roberta Paladini, Simon Prunet, Carlo Burigana, Simon D. M. White, P. Bielewicz, B. P. Crill, Lung-Yih Chiang, S. Donzelli, D. Girard, A. Curto, Peter G. Martin, François R. Bouchet, Serge Gratton, A. Sauvé, F.-X. Désert, J. Bobin, G. W. Pratt, D. Herranz, M. Le Jeune, D. Yvon, Michael Rowan-Robinson, Nicola Vittorio, L. P. L. Colombo, F. Matthai, C. Armitage-Caplan, Giorgio Savini, A. Catalano, Gianluca Morgante, T. Riller, Dmitry Novikov, Bruno Maffei, Clive Dickinson, Xin Chen, J.-L. Puget, Pasquale Mazzotta, J.-F. Sygnet, Stéphane Plaszczynski, L. Vibert, X. Dupac, Carol Anne Oxborrow, M. Reinecke, Davide Pietrobon, E. Battaner, L. A. Wade, Daniela Paoletti, F. Pajot, Reijo Keskitalo, M. Bucher, Douglas Scott, Luigi Danese, Dipak Munshi, George Efstathiou, L. Popa, Ben Rusholme, P. Vielva, D. Santos, A. Mennella, Nabila Aghanim, Luca Valenziano, A. Coulais, F. Atrio-Barandela, Calvin B. Netterfield, G. Giardino, T. R. Jaffe, O. Herent, Marcella Massardi, R. Kneissl, Jacques Delabrouille, François Orieux, J.-M. Delouis, M. Migliaccio, N. Mandolesi, J. A. Murphy, A. Moneti, Radek Stompor, Federico Nati, E. P. S. Shellard, Luca Terenzi, C. Combet, Andrew H. Jaffe, G. Umana, G. de Zotti, René J. Laureijs, Mika Juvela, F. Boulanger, Jussi-Pekka Väliviita, G. Patanchon, F. Couchot, I. D. Novikov, Philip Lubin, Fabio Finelli, Peter Meinhold, F. Paci, Sophie Henrot-Versille, Alessandro Gruppuso, Z. Hou, R. D. Davies, F. Noviello, J. González-Nuevo, G. Prézeau, Paolo Natoli, Andrea Zonca, K. Benabed, A. Gregorio, Marian Douspis, H. C. Chiang, J. R. Bond, Michael P. Hobson, Franck Sureau, B. Van Tent, J.-M. Lamarre, L. Mendes, S. Osborne, A. J. Banday, A.-S. Suur-Uski, Sabino Matarrese, H. Dole, Subhabrata Mitra, J. A. Tauber, Hannu Kurki-Suonio, J. Lesgourgues, G. Hurier, C. J. MacTavish, Lloyd Knox, David L. Clements, G. Roudier, P. de Bernardis, C. Rosset, Silvia Masi, Jean-Luc Starck, D. J. Marshall, J. F. Macías-Pérez, Graca Rocha, L. Montier, F. Pasian, J.-P. Bernard, Benjamin D. Wandelt, M. Tristram, Julian Borrill, G. Polenta, M. Linden-Vørnle, Sarah E. Church, E. Martínez-González, M. Piat, D. Tavagnacco, Rafael Rebolo, R. B. Barreiro, R. Sudiwala, S. Ricciardi, Jörg P. Rachen, C. Renault, Tauber, Jan, Aghanim, N., Armitage Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Benoit Lévy, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bielewicz, P., Bobin, J., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bridges, M., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J. F., Catalano, A., Chamballu, A., Chen, X., Chiang, L. Y., Christensen, P. R., Church, S., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Crill, B. P., Cruz, M., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., De Bernardis, P., De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Falvella, M. C., Finelli, F., Forni, O., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Gaier, T. C., Galeotta, S., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud Héraud, Y., Gjerløw, E., González Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, Anna, Gruppuso, A., Hansen, F. K., Hanson, D., Harrison, D., Henrot Versillé, S., Hernández Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Jewell, J., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Kangaslahti, P., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kiiveri, K., Kisner, T. S., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., Lesgourgues, J., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., Lindholm, V., López Caniego, M., Lubin, P. M., MacIás Pérez, J. F., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Maris, M., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P. G., Martínez González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Mitra, S., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Mortlock, D., Moss, A., Munshi, D., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard Nielsen, H. U., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Osborne, S., Paci, F., Pagano, L., Paladini, R., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Peel, M., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Robbers, G., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Roudier, G., Rubinõ Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Salerno, E., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, E. P. S., Spencer, L. D., Starck, J. L., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sureau, F., Sutton, D., Suur Uski, A. S., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, Daniele, Terenzi, L., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Watson, R., Wehus, I. K., White, S. D. M., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), PLANCK, Universidad de Cantabria, Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Department of Physics, and Helsinki Institute of Physics
Subjects: Astronomy, Cosmic microwave background, data analysis, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, Surveys, Cosmic background radiation, NOISE, RADIOMETERS, data analysis [Methods], observations [Cosmology], Survey, cosmology: observations, surveys [cosmic background radiation, methods], Physics, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Computer Science::Computers and Society, DATA SETS, Physics::Space Physics, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Noise (radio), Astrophysics and Astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], education, FOS: Physical sciences, observation [Cosmology], Computer Science::Digital Libraries, NO, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, surveys, Calibration, PRE-LAUNCH STATUS, Angular resolution, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), methods: data analysis, Radiometer, MAP-MAKING ALGORITHM, Instrument Data, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysic, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Cosmology: observations, Methods: data analysis, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], data analysi [Methods], cosmology
Abstract: We describe the data processing pipeline of the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) data processing centre (DPC) to create and characterize full-sky maps based on the first 15.5 months of operations at 30, 44, and 70 GHz. In particular, we discuss the various steps involved in reducing the data, from telemetry packets through to the production of cleaned, calibrated timelines and calibrated frequency maps. Data are continuously calibrated using the modulation induced on the mean temperature of the cosmic microwave background radiation by the proper motion of the spacecraft. Sky signals other than the dipole are removed by an iterative procedure based on simultaneous fitting of calibration parameters and sky maps. Noise properties are estimated from time-ordered data after the sky signal has been removed, using a generalized least squares map-making algorithm. A destriping code (Madam) is employed to combine radiometric data and pointing information into sky maps, minimizing the variance of correlated noise. Noise covariance matrices, required to compute statistical uncertainties on LFI and Planck products, are also produced. Main beams are estimated down to the ≈−20 dB level using Jupiter transits, which are also used for the geometrical calibration of the focal plane., This work was supported by the Academy of Finland grants 253204, 256265, and 257989. We acknowledge financial support provided by the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovaciõn through the Plan Nacional del Espacio y Plan Nacional de Astronomia y Astrofisica. The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU).
Published: 2014

11. Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results

Author: J.-P. Bernard, Niraj Welikala, J. A. Murphy, Benjamin D. Wandelt, Julian Borrill, I. Flores-Cacho, Marc Türler, Pavel Naselsky, R. J. Davis, Jean-Baptiste Melin, Jussi Varis, J. Tuovinen, Olivier Forni, M.-A. Miville-Deschênes, J. Dick, Olivier Doré, Paolo Serra, L. Toffolatti, M. C. Falvella, K. Ganga, S. Leach, Jose M. Diego, Anthony Lasenby, F. K. Hansen, C. Li, E. Keihänen, Alessandro Melchiorri, R. A. Burenin, Alain Benoit, Jens Jasche, Antony Lewis, C. Gauthier, Simon D. M. White, Michael W. Peel, F. Piacentini, O. Fabre, Guilaine Lagache, Soumen Basak, George Helou, A. Mangilli, Ben Rusholme, B. Ruiz-Granados, A.-S. Suur-Uski, R. C. Butler, D. Girard, M. López-Caniego, Hervé Bourdin, Pasquale Mazzotta, C. Renault, E. Falgarone, T. Riller, Diego Molinari, A. Coulais, Pablo Fosalba, A. Moneti, William T. Reach, P. Carvalho, D. Tavagnacco, Anthony R. Pullen, Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin, A. Renzi, D. Herranz, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, C. Watson, E. Pierpaoli, F. Matthai, F. Schiavon, Roberta Paladini, Jeffrey Jewell, D. L. Harrison, B. Gandolfo, J. Aumont, Rafael Rebolo, G. Maggio, Ingunn Kathrine Wehus, M. Tucci, Jussi-Pekka Väliviita, S. Fromenteau, Daniel J. Mortlock, T. J. Pearson, X. Dupac, Jan Hamann, A. Ducout, I. J. O'Dwyer, Michele Liguori, Federico Nati, M. Sandri, Massimiliano Lattanzi, G. Patanchon, J. E. Gallegos, F. Paci, B. Cappellini, Luca Terenzi, R. Carr, Martin White, M. Bucher, Barbara Comis, Jun-Qing Xia, D. Sutton, Mariachiara Rossetti, S. Ricciardi, L. Mendes, C. Combet, Sabino Matarrese, Michael L. Brown, M. Bridges, Douglas Scott, L. Popa, R. Miniscalco, G. de Zotti, F. Cuttaia, Loïc Maurin, I. D. Novikov, B. M. Schaefer, Jörg P. Rachen, J.-M. Delouis, Reijo Keskitalo, Gayoung Chon, E. Franceschi, A. Curto, S. Colombi, Krzysztof M. Gorski, Domenico Marinucci, P. R. Christensen, Eloisa Menegoni, James J. Bock, Paul M. Sutter, G. Prézeau, T. Déchelette, T. Poutanen, Shirley Ho, Jean-François Cardoso, C. J. MacTavish, P. M. McGehee, Richard A. Battye, A. Marcos-Caballero, Anna Bonaldi, Charles R. Lawrence, Peter M. W. Kalberla, Mathieu Langer, Nicolas Ponthieu, S. Donzelli, Marius Millea, O. Perdereau, A. Benoit-Lévy, M. Giard, J. Démoclès, Dmitry Pogosyan, F. Pasian, Davide Pietrobon, Matthieu Roman, Matthias Bartelmann, A. Lavabre, Joanna Dunkley, Magnus Hansen, Erminia Calabrese, B. Racine, J. P. Torre, Marat Gilfanov, I. F. Bikmaev, Xun Chen, B. P. Crill, N. Bartolo, Lung-Yih Chiang, A. Riazuelo, A. Hempel, Alessandro Gruppuso, M. Le Jeune, F. Elsner, C. North, G. Umana, P. de Bernardis, C. Rosset, A. Da Silva, Adam Moss, M. Cruz, Ricardo Genova-Santos, Andrea Zacchei, Anne Lähteenmäki, Luigi Danese, J.-L. Puget, N. Morisset, Tomotake Matsumura, George F. Smoot, Theodore Kisner, Todd Gaier, Calvin B. Netterfield, Emanuele Salerno, Radek Stompor, E. Gjerløw, D. Santos, Giorgio Savini, François R. Bouchet, J. Kerp, S. Osborne, Nicola Vittorio, V. Lindholm, S. Galeotta, M. Tristram, R. Barrena, P. Vielva, Mika Juvela, J.-M. Lamarre, Claude Leroy, R. Kneissl, A. Catalano, Mattia Negrello, Marcella Massardi, G. Polenta, M. Linden-Vørnle, Sarah E. Church, Tarun Souradeep, Rashmikant V. Sudiwala, M. Casale, Ranga-Ram Chary, Jean-Luc Starck, Alexandra S. Rahlin, E. P. S. Shellard, Z. Hou, M. Freschi, F. Couchot, F. Noviello, Hannu Kurki-Suonio, G. Hurier, J. F. Macías-Pérez, G. Castex, Herve Aussel, Kevin M. Huffenberger, David Pearson, Irek Khamitov, L. Vibert, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Francine R. Marleau, James R. Fergusson, Lloyd Knox, Graca Rocha, David L. Clements, Georg Robbers, F. Boulanger, Jochen Weller, S. R. Lowe, J. W. Bowyer, Fabrizio Villa, B. Bertincourt, Marian Douspis, J. P. Zibin, C. Armitage-Caplan, W. A. Holmes, G. Roudier, S. Pandolfi, Hans Böhringer, I. Ristorcelli, Althea Wilkinson, W. C. Jones, M. Rowan-Robinson, M. Ashdown, Hiranya V. Peiris, Matteo Viel, A. B. McDonald, H. K. Eriksen, Silvia Masi, C. Filliard, A. Mennella, Nabila Aghanim, M. Tomasi, Laura Bonavera, E. Martínez-González, M. Frailis, Carlo Baccigalupi, E. Hivon, M. Piat, Douglas J. Marshall, Suzanne Foley, Marco Bersanelli, Alan Heavens, J.-F. Sygnet, Christophe Ringeval, Kendrick M. Smith, L. Sanselme, Luca Valenziano, Michael Seiffert, Andrew R. Liddle, M. Tuttlebee, Duncan Hanson, Stéphane Plaszczynski, R. B. Barreiro, Fernando Atrio-Barandela, K. Kiiveri, Michael P. Hobson, Clive Dickinson, Anthony Challinor, G. Giardino, Jonathan León-Tavares, H. Dole, Subhabrata Mitra, J. A. Tauber, S. Ilić, M. Savelainen, Peter Meinhold, J. González-Nuevo, A. A. Fraisse, B. Van Tent, A. J. Banday, P. Platania, Klaus Dolag, Yabebal Fantaye, D. Texier, A. de Rosa, David Taylor, Locke D. Spencer, J. Knoche, Simon Prunet, P. Bielewicz, M. Reinecke, L. Perotto, E. Churazov, Benjamin Winkel, V. Stolyarov, M. Maris, Bruno Maffei, Martin Kunz, Mathieu Remazeilles, F. Pajot, Marcel Clemens, Jon E. Gudmundsson, L. Pagano, François Orieux, N. Mandolesi, Andrew H. Jaffe, Philip Lubin, J. Kim, Jérôme Bobin, Davide Maino, A. Chamballu, Simona Mei, D. Yvon, W. Hovest, Håkon Dahle, Y. Giraud-Héraud, M. Frommert, R. A. Sunyaev, G. Huey, F. Lacasa, Monique Arnaud, J. P. Leahy, R. D. Davies, Nicole P. H. Nesvadba, Pekka Kangaslahti, K. Benabed, P. B. Lilje, Florent Sureau, J. R. Bond, Tuhin Ghosh, Valeria Pettorino, Jacques Delabrouille, Hans Ulrik Nørgaard-Nielsen, Allan Hornstrup, Etienne Pointecouteau, Jason D. McEwen, René J. Laureijs, Fabio Finelli, Christoph Räth, James G. Bartlett, S. R. Hildebrandt, Carlo Burigana, Sophie Henrot-Versille, Paolo Natoli, L. P. L. Colombo, Dmitry Novikov, L. A. Wade, Daniela Paoletti, Bruce Partridge, C. A. Oxborrow, Dipak Munshi, George Efstathiou, M. I. R. Alves, Peter G. Martin, E. Battaner, K. Mikkelsen, Matthieu Béthermin, Julien Lesgourgues, J. Haissinski, Robert A. Watson, Francesca Perrotta, Torsten A. Enßlin, Serge Gratton, F.-X. Désert, Andrea Zonca, A. Gregorio, H. C. Chiang, T. R. Jaffe, M. Migliaccio, Peter A. R. Ade, P. Paykari, R. Leonardi, Alain Blanchard, S. Galli, G. W. Pratt, Gianluca Morgante, L. Montier, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA (UMR_8112)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Galaxies, Etoiles, Physique, Instrumentation (GEPI), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANCK, APC - Cosmologie, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Tauber, Jan, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Alves, M. I. R., Armitage Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Aussel, H., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Barrena, R., Bartelmann, M., Bartlett, J. G., Bartolo, N., Basak, S., Battaner, E., Battye, R., Benabed, K., Benoît, A., Benoit Lévy, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bertincourt, B., Bethermin, M., Bielewicz, P., Bikmaev, I., Blanchard, A., Bobin, J., Bock, J. J., Böhringer, H., Bonaldi, A., Bonavera, L., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Boulanger, F., Bourdin, H., Bowyer, J. W., Bridges, M., Brown, M. L., Bucher, M., Burenin, R., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Calabrese, E., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J. F., Carr, R., Carvalho, P., Casale, M., Castex, G., Catalano, A., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Chary, R. R., Chen, X., Chiang, H. C., Chiang, L. Y., Chon, G., Christensen, P. R., Churazov, E., Church, S., Clemens, M., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Colombo, L. P. L., Combet, C., Comis, B., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Cruz, M., Curto, A., Cuttaia, F., Da Silva, A., Dahle, H., Danese, L., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., De Bernardis, P., De Rosa, A., De Zotti, G., Déchelette, T., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. M., Démoclès, J., Désert, F. X., Dick, J., Dickinson, C., Diego, J. M., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Douspis, M., Ducout, A., Dunkley, J., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Elsner, F., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Fabre, O., Falgarone, E., Falvella, M. C., Fantaye, Y., Fergusson, J., Filliard, C., Finelli, F., Flores Cacho, I., Foley, S., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Fraisse, A. A., Franceschi, E., Freschi, M., Fromenteau, S., Frommert, M., Gaier, T. C., Galeotta, S., Gallegos, J., Galli, S., Gandolfo, B., Ganga, K., Gauthier, C., Génova Santos, R. T., Ghosh, T., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Gilfanov, M., Girard, D., Giraud Héraud, Y., Gjerløw, E., González Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, Anna, Gruppuso, A., Gudmundsson, J. E., Haissinski, J., Hamann, J., Hansen, F. K., Hansen, M., Hanson, D., Harrison, D. L., Heavens, A., Helou, G., Hempel, A., Henrot Versillé, S., Hernández Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Ho, S., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hou, Z., Hovest, W., Huey, G., Huffenberger, K. M., Hurier, G., Ilić, S., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, T. R., Jasche, J., Jewell, J., Jones, W. C., Juvela, M., Kalberla, P., Kangaslahti, P., Keihänen, E., Kerp, J., Keskitalo, R., Khamitov, I., Kiiveri, K., Kim, J., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knoche, J., Knox, L., Kunz, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lacasa, F., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Langer, M., Lasenby, A., Lattanzi, M., Laureijs, R. J., Lavabre, A., Lawrence, C. R., Le Jeune, M., Leach, S., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., León Tavares, J., Leroy, C., Lesgourgues, J., Lewis, A., Li, C., Liddle, A., Liguori, M., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., Lindholm, V., López Caniego, M., Lowe, S., Lubin, P. M., Maciás Pérez, J. F., Mactavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maggio, G., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mangilli, A., Marcos Caballero, A., Marinucci, D., Maris, M., Marleau, F., Marshall, D. J., Martin, P. G., Martínez González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matsumura, T., Matthai, F., Maurin, L., Mazzotta, P., Mcdonald, A., Mcewen, J. D., Mcgehee, P., Mei, S., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. B., Mendes, L., Menegoni, E., Mennella, A., Migliaccio, M., Mikkelsen, K., Millea, M., Miniscalco, R., Mitra, S., Miville Deschênes, M. A., Molinari, D., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Mortlock, D., Moss, A., Munshi, D., Murphy, J. A., Naselsky, P., Nati, F., Natoli, P., Negrello, M., Nesvadba, N. P. H., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard Nielsen, H. U., North, C., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Orieux, F., Osborne, S., O'Sullivan, C., Oxborrow, C. A., Paci, F., Pagano, L., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Pandolfi, S., Paoletti, D., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Patanchon, G., Paykari, P., Pearson, D., Pearson, T. J., Peel, M., Peiris, H. V., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Pettorino, V., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Pietrobon, D., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pogosyan, D., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Pratt, G. W., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Pullen, A. R., Rachen, J. P., Racine, B., Rahlin, A., Räth, C., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Remazeilles, M., Renault, C., Renzi, A., Riazuelo, A., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ringeval, C., Ristorcelli, I., Robbers, G., Rocha, G., Roman, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, M., Roudier, G., Rowan Robinson, M., Rubinõ Martín, J. A., Ruiz Granados, B., Rusholme, B., Salerno, E., Sandri, M., Sanselme, L., Santos, D., Savelainen, M., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Schiavon, F., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Serra, P., Shellard, E. P. S., Smith, K., Smoot, G. F., Souradeep, T., Spencer, L. D., Starck, J. L., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sureau, F., Sutter, P., Sutton, D., Suur Uski, A. S., Sygnet, J. F., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, Daniele, Taylor, D., Terenzi, L., Texier, D., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. P., Tristram, M., Tucci, M., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Tuttlebee, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Van Tent, B., Varis, J., Vibert, L., Viel, M., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Watson, C., Watson, R., Wehus, I. K., Welikala, N., Weller, J., White, M., White, S. D. M., Wilkinson, A., Winkel, B., Xia, J. Q., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zibin, J. P., Zonca, A., Universidad de Cantabria, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Alves, M, Armitage-Caplan, C, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Aussel, H, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Barrena, R, Bartelmann, M, Bartlett, J, Bartolo, N, Basak, S, Battaner, E, Battye, R, Benabed, K, Benoît, A, Benoit-Lévy, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bertincourt, B, Bethermin, M, Bielewicz, P, Bikmaev, I, Blanchard, A, Bobin, J, Bock, J, Böhringer, H, Bonaldi, A, Bonavera, L, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Bourdin, H, Bowyer, J, Bridges, M, Brown, M, Bucher, M, Burenin, R, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Calabrese, E, Cappellini, B, Cardoso, J, Carr, R, Carvalho, P, Casale, M, Castex, G, Catalano, A, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chary, R, Chen, X, Chiang, H, Chiang, L, Chon, G, Christensen, P, Churazov, E, Church, S, Clemens, M, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Combet, C, Comis, B, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cruz, M, Curto, A, Cuttaia, F, Da Silva, A, Dahle, H, Danese, L, Davies, R, Davis, R, de Bernardis, P, de Rosa, A, de Zotti, G, Déchelette, T, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J, Démoclès, J, Désert, F, Dick, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dolag, K, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Doré, O, Douspis, M, Ducout, A, Dunkley, J, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Elsner, F, Enßlin, T, Eriksen, H, Fabre, O, Falgarone, E, Falvella, M, Fantaye, Y, Fergusson, J, Filliard, C, Finelli, F, Flores-Cacho, I, Foley, S, Forni, O, Fosalba, P, Frailis, M, Fraisse, A, Franceschi, E, Freschi, M, Fromenteau, S, Frommert, M, Gaier, T, Galeotta, S, Gallegos, J, Galli, S, Gandolfo, B, Ganga, K, Gauthier, C, Génova-Santos, R, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Gilfanov, M, Girard, D, Giraud-Héraud, Y, Gjerløw, E, González-Nuevo, J, Górski, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, J, Haissinski, J, Hamann, J, Hansen, F, Hansen, M, Hanson, D, Harrison, D, Heavens, A, Helou, G, Hempel, A, Henrot-Versillé, S, Hernández-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Ho, S, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Hou, Z, Hovest, W, Huey, G, Huffenberger, K, Hurier, G, Ilić, S, Jaffe, A, Jaffe, T, Jasche, J, Jewell, J, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Kalberla, P, Kangaslahti, P, Keihänen, E, Kerp, J, Keskitalo, R, Khamitov, I, Kiiveri, K, Kim, J, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lacasa, F, Lagache, G, Lähteenmäki, A, Lamarre, J, Langer, M, Lasenby, A, Lattanzi, M, Laureijs, R, Lavabre, A, Lawrence, C, Le Jeune, M, Leach, S, Leahy, J, Leonardi, R, León-Tavares, J, Leroy, C, Lesgourgues, J, Lewis, A, Li, C, Liddle, A, Liguori, M, Lilje, P, Linden-Vørnle, M, Lindholm, V, López-Caniego, M, Lowe, S, Lubin, P, Macías-Pérez, J, Mactavish, C, Maffei, B, Maggio, G, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Mangilli, A, Marcos-Caballero, A, Marinucci, D, Maris, M, Marleau, F, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martínez-González, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Matsumura, T, Matthai, F, Maurin, L, Mazzotta, P, Mcdonald, A, Mcewen, J, Mcgehee, P, Mei, S, Meinhold, P, Melchiorri, A, Melin, J, Mendes, L, Menegoni, E, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Mikkelsen, K, Millea, M, Miniscalco, R, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschênes, M, Molinari, D, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Morisset, N, Mortlock, D, Moss, A, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Negrello, M, Nesvadba, N, Netterfield, C, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, North, C, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, O’Dwyer, I, Orieux, F, Osborne, S, O’Sullivan, C, Oxborrow, C, Paci, F, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Pandolfi, S, Paoletti, D, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Paykari, P, Pearson, D, Pearson, T, Peel, M, Peiris, H, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Pettorino, V, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Platania, P, Pogosyan, D, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prézeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Pullen, A, Rachen, J, Racine, B, Rahlin, A, Räth, C, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Renzi, A, Riazuelo, A, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ringeval, C, Ristorcelli, I, Robbers, G, Rocha, G, Roman, M, Rosset, C, Rossetti, M, Roudier, G, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubiño-Martín, J, Ruiz-Granados, B, Rusholme, B, Salerno, E, Sandri, M, Sanselme, L, Santos, D, Savelainen, M, Savini, G, Schaefer, B, Schiavon, F, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Serra, P, Shellard, E, Smith, K, Smoot, G, Souradeep, T, Spencer, L, Starck, J, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sureau, F, Sutter, P, Sutton, D, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Tavagnacco, D, Taylor, D, Terenzi, L, Texier, D, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Torre, J, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Tuovinen, J, Türler, M, Tuttlebee, M, Umana, G, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Van Tent, B, Varis, J, Vibert, L, Viel, M, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Watson, C, Watson, R, Wehus, I, Welikala, N, Weller, J, White, M, White, S, Wilkinson, A, Winkel, B, Xia, J, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zibin, J, Zonca, A, Department of Physics, and Helsinki Institute of Physics
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Cosmic microwave background, cosmic microwave backgrounds, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, Surveys, CMB, power spectrum, Cosmic background radiation, 7. Clean energy, european space agency, Cosmology, atacama cosmology telescope, space vehicles: instruments, observations [Cosmology], sunyaev-zeldovich effects, detectors [Instrumentation], QB, pre-launch status, instrumentation, Physics, data release, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Instrumentation: detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, probe wmap observations, microwave background maps, CMB cold spot, Computer Science::Computers and Society, damping tail, component separation, Physics::Space Physics, Physical Sciences, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, symbols, detector [Instrumentation], Baryon acoustic oscillations, Neutrino, hubble-space-telescope, galaxy cluster survey, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Cosmology: observations, Instrumentation: detectors, Space vehicles: instruments, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, education, gravitational lensing, FOS: Physical sciences, observation [Cosmology], Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, in-flight performance, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Space vehicles: instrument, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, NO, instruments [Space vehicles], [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, instrument [Space vehicles], systematic uncertainties, Planck, Forschungsgruppe Komplexe Plasmen, extragalactic point sources, Science & Technology, cosmology: observation, instrumentation: detectors, Astronomy and Astrophysic, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Settore MAT/06 - Probabilita' e Statistica Matematica, Gravitational lens, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], cosmology: observations, space vehicles, south-pole telescope, cosmology, Hubble's law
Abstract: The European Space Agency’s Planck satellite, dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched 14 May 2009 and has been scanning the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously since 12 August 2009. In March 2013, ESA and the Planck Collaboration released the initial cosmology products based on the first 15.5 months of Planck data, along with a set of scientific and technical papers and a web-based explanatory supplement. This paper gives an overview of the mission and its performance, the processing, analysis, and characteristics of the data, the scientific results, and the science data products and papers in the release. The science products include maps of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and diffuse extragalactic foregrounds, a catalogue of compact Galactic and extragalactic sources, and a list of sources detected through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect. The likelihood code used to assess cosmological models against the Planck data and a lensing likelihood are described. Scientific results include robust support for the standard six-parameter ΛCDM model of cosmology and improved measurements of its parameters, including a highly significant deviation from scale invariance of the primordial power spectrum. The Planck values for these parameters and others derived from them are significantly different from those previously determined. Several large-scale anomalies in the temperature distribution of the CMB, first detected by WMAP, are confirmed with higher confidence. Planck sets new limits on the number and mass of neutrinos, and has measured gravitational lensing of CMB anisotropies at greater than 25σ. Planck finds no evidence for non-Gaussianity in the CMB. Planck’s results agree well with results from the measurements of baryon acoustic oscillations. Planck finds a lower Hubble constant than found in some more local measures. Some tension is also present between the amplitude of matter fluctuations (σ8) derived from CMB data and that derived from Sunyaev-Zeldovich data. The Planck and WMAP power spectra are offset from each other by an average level of about 2% around the first acoustic peak. Analysis of Planck polarization data is not yet mature, therefore polarization results are not released, although the robust detection of E-mode polarization around CMB hot and cold spots is shown graphically., Centre National D'etudes Spatiales, CNRS/INSU-IN2P3, Italian Space Agency (ASI), Danish Natural Science Research Council, European Space Agency, CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France), Italian National Research Council, Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF), National Aeronautics & Space Administration (NASA), United States Department of Energy (DOE), Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC), UKSA (UK), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC), Spanish Government, JA (Spain), Finnish Funding Agency for Technology & Innovation (TEKES), AoF (Finland), CSC (Finland), Helmholtz Association, German Aerospace Centre (DLR), Max Planck Society, CSA (Canada), DTU Space (Denmark), SER/SSO (Switzerland), RCN (Norway), Science Foundation Ireland, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology, European Union (EU), Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC) ST/I002006/1 ST/J000388/1 ST/H001239/1 ST/K000977/1 ST/K002805/1 ST/J001368/1 ST/K00333X/1 ST/I005129/1 ST/J005673/1 ST/K003674/1 ST/L000768/1 ST/G003874/1 ST/H008586/1 ST/L001314/1 ST/K004131/1 ST/M007685/1 ST/K000985/1 ST/K001051/1 ST/K00106X/1 ST/I005765/1 ST/K002899/1 ST/J004812/1
Published: 2014

12. Spectral index determination between 408 MHz and 5 GHz in the northern sky

Author: G. Giardino, R. D. Davies, Anthony Lasenby, R. J. Davis, Aled Jones, Simon J. Melhuish, Althea Wilkinson, and H. Asareh
Subjects: Physics, Spectral index, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Maximum entropy method, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Joint analysis, Latitude, Interferometry, Space and Planetary Science, Consistency (statistics), Sky, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: We present the joint analysis of two 5-GHz interferometric surveys of the northern sky, taken with different baselines. The two surveys were carried out on the Jodrell Bank 5-GHz interferometer based at Manchester. The Maximum Entropy Method is used to check the consistency of the two surveys and the final two-dimensional maps are used, together with low-frequency full sky surveys, to put constraints on the Galactic spectral index. It is found that synchrotron emission is the dominant process at high Galactic latitudes below 5 GHz.
Published: 2001

13. The angular power spectrum of radio emission at 2.3 GHz

Author: Krzysztof M. Gorski, J. A. Tauber, P. Fosalba, Justin L. Jonas, W. O'Mullane, A. J. Banday, and G. Giardino
Subjects: Physics, Spectral index, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Spectrum (functional analysis), Continuum (design consultancy), FOS: Physical sciences, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Power law, Synchrotron, law.invention, symbols.namesake, Space and Planetary Science, law, Sky, symbols, Planck, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: We have analysed the Rhodes/HartRAO survey at 2326 MHz and derived the global angular power spectrum of Galactic continuum emission. In order to measure the angular power spectrum of the diffuse component, point sources were removed from the map by median filtering. A least-square fit to the angular power spectrum of the entire survey with a power law spectrum C_l proportional to l^{-alpha}, gives alpha = 2.43 +/- 0.01 for l = 2-100. The angular power spectrum of radio emission appears to steepen at high Galactic latitudes and for observed regions with |b| > 20 deg, the fitted spectral index is alpha = 2.92 +/- 0.07. We have extrapolated this result to 30 GHz (the lowest frequency channel of Planck) and estimate that no significant contribution to the sky temperature fluctuation is likely to come from synchrotron at degree-angular scales, 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics
Published: 2001

14. 1°- and 25-scale interferometric surveys in the northern sky at 5 GHz

Author: R. J. Davis, Aled Jones, G. Giardino, Simon J. Melhuish, R. D. Davies, and H. Asareh
Subjects: Physics, Point source, media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Scale (descriptive set theory), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Window function, Latitude, Interferometry, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, media_common
Abstract: We present observations from a 5-GHz short-baseline interferometer at Jodrell Bank, which has been operating at spacings of 0.702 and 1.79 m between 1990 and 1997. These surveys covered 2 sr of the sky between Dec.=+30° and +55°, at rms sensitivities of 10 and 8 μK, on angular scales of ∼1° (l=184±15) and ∼25 (l=71±13) respectively. This sensitivity was achieved by using the maximum entropy method (MEM) to find the most probable underlying sky fluctuations. We have used the Green Bank 5-GHz catalogue to model point source contributions, for subtraction from the survey at each spacing. The resulting rms signal measured at intermediate and high Galactic latitudes, in directions away from strong extragalactic sources, is 50±6 μK at the shorter spacing and 54±3 μK at the longer spacing. Allowing for the interferometer window function and a contribution arising from uncorrected point source variability, these values correspond to intrinsic rms levels of 373±55 and 1080±120 μK for narrow and wide spacings. We compare these values with measurements at 10 GHz, and conclude that between these frequencies the Galactic spectrum is predominantly synchrotron in nature. Further comparison with the Tenerife experiments, sensitive to different angular scales, suggests that the angular power spectrum is flat (l−2) over the observed l-range.
Published: 2000

15. The interaction of slow highly charged ions on surfaces (invited)

Author: V. Le Roux, J. P. Briand, S. Dreuil, G. Machicoane, G. Giardino, O. Tüske, Gilles Borsoni, and N. Béchu
Subjects: Ion beam deposition, Materials science, Ion beam, Physics::Plasma Physics, Highly charged ion, Atomic physics, Ion gun, Instrumentation, Focused ion beam, Electron cyclotron resonance, Ion cyclotron resonance, Ion source
Abstract: The availability of highly charged ion sources (electron cyclotron resonance or electron beam ion source) led in the last decade to many new scientific discoveries in various fields of atomic, solid state, and plasma physics. This article will review some of the most exciting results obtained in the field of the interaction of highly charged ions on surfaces in fundamental physics (hollow atom properties, mechanisms of electron captures and losses above, below, or at surface interactions…) as well as in applied physics (surface modifications, lithography, etc.). The deceleration and monochromatization of the ion beams delivered by the ion sources will be discussed in the framework of their use in the study of the ion surface interactions.
Published: 2000

16. Long-term performance of a hazardous waste landfill

Author: John L. Guglielmetti and Vincent G. Giardino
Subjects: Engineering, Waste management, business.industry, Environmental engineering, Waste collection, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, Hazardous waste, Composite liner, General Materials Science, Leachate, Leak detection, Overall performance, business, Civil and Structural Engineering
Abstract: This paper presents a case history of the evaluation of liner and cover designs, and the long-term performance of various liner systems for a hazardous waste landfill. As the landfill expanded, the design of individual cells evolved to the existing design which includes a double liner system with a composite secondary liner. Leachate collection and leak detection flows are presented as the basis for comparison of the overall performance of the different cell designs.
Published: 1997

17. A large X-ray flare from the Herbig Ae star V892 Tau

Author: Giuseppina Micela, G. Giardino, Fabio Reale, Fabio Favata, G GIARDINO, F FAVATA, G MICELA, and REALE F
Subjects: Physics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Plasma, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Magnetic field, Luminosity, law.invention, disks, protoplanetary disks, outer disk, Stars, Convection zone, Space and Planetary Science, law, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Low Mass, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Flare, Dynamo
Abstract: We report the XMM-Newton observation of a large X-ray flare from the Herbig Ae star V892 Tau. The apparent low mass companion of V892 Tau, V892 Tau NE, is unresolved by XMM-Newton. Nevertheless there is compelling evidence from combined XMM-Newton and Chandra data that the origin of the flare is the Herbig Ae star V892 Tau. During the flare the X-ray luminosity of V892 Tau increases by a factor of ~15, while the temperature of the plasma increases from kT ~ 1.5 keV to kT ~ 8 keV. From the scaling of the flare event, based on hydrodynamic modeling, we conclude that a 500 G magnetic field is needed in order to confine the plasma. Under the assumptions that a dynamo mechanism is required to generate such a confining magnetic field and that surface convection is a necessary ingredient for a dynamo, our findings provide indirect evidence for the existence of a significant convection zone in the stellar envelope of Herbig Ae stars., accepted for publication in A&A (12 pages - 6 figures)
Published: 2003

18. The pre-launch Planck Sky Model: a model of sky emission at submillimetre to centimetre wavelengths

Author: F. Dodu, S. Leach, J. P. Bernard, S. Ricciardi, L. Toffolatti, B. M. Schaefer, Soumen Basak, François R. Bouchet, A. Da Silva, M. Ashdown, Simon Prunet, Bruce Partridge, G. de Zotti, A. J. Banday, Klaus Dolag, J. Lesgourgues, Marc-Antoine Miville-Deschênes, Matthieu Roman, Roberta Paladini, M. Le Jeune, Jean-Baptiste Melin, Sabino Matarrese, S. Mottet, J. González-Nuevo, Clive Dickinson, R. Piffaretti, Michele Liguori, Franz Elsner, Carlo Baccigalupi, J. F. Macías-Pérez, G. Castex, G. Giardino, Marc Betoule, David L. Clements, Pasquale Mazzotta, J. Aumont, Gilles Faÿ, Marcella Massardi, G. Prézeau, Jacques Delabrouille, L. A. Montier, L. Fauvet, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique Théorique (LAPTH), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Planck, European Research Council, Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Mathématiques Appliquées aux Systèmes - EA 4037 (MAS), Ecole Centrale Paris, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), PLANCK, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Astrophysics and Astronomy, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Point source, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Cosmic microwave background, radio continuum: general, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, general [Submillimeter], Cosmic background radiation, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Cosmic infrared background, 0103 physical sciences, miscellaneous [Cosmology], Planck, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, ISM: general, Physics, general [ISM], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Spinning dust, general [Radio continuum], Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, submillimeter: general, general [Galaxies], galaxies: general, Galaxy, Cosmology, Miscellaneous, Cosmology: miscellaneous, Galaxies: general, Radio continuum: general, Submillimeter: general, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, cosmology: miscellaneous, radio continuum: general, submillimeter: general, cosmic background radiation, ISM: general, galaxies: general, symbols, cosmology: miscellaneous, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: J. Delabrouille et al., We present the Planck Sky Model (PSM), a parametric model for generating all-sky, few arcminute resolution maps of sky emission at submillimetre to centimetre wavelengths, in both intensity and polarisation. Several options are implemented to model the cosmic microwave background, Galactic diffuse emission (synchrotron, free-free, thermal and spinning dust, CO lines), Galactic H ii regions, extragalactic radio sources, dusty galaxies, and thermal and kinetic Sunyaev-Zeldovich signals from clusters of galaxies. Each component is simulated by means of educated interpolations/extrapolations of data sets available at the time of the launch of the Planck mission, complemented by state-of-the-art models of the emission. Distinctive features of the simulations are spatially varying spectral properties of synchrotron and dust; different spectral parameters for each point source; modelling of the clustering properties of extragalactic sources and of the power spectrum of fluctuations in the cosmic infrared background. The PSM enables the production of random realisations of the sky emission, constrained to match observational data within their uncertainties. It is implemented in a software package that is regularly updated with incoming information from observations. The model is expected to serve as a useful tool for optimising planned microwave and sub-millimetre surveys and testing data processing and analysis pipelines. It is, in particular, used to develop and validate data analysis pipelines within the Planck collaboration. A version of the software that can be used for simulating the observations for a variety of experiments is made available on a dedicated website. © 2013 ESO., SB has been supported by a postdoctoral grant from the “Physique des deux Infinis” (P2I) Consortium. CD acknowledges an STFC Advanced Fellowship and an ERC IRG grant under the FP7.
Published: 2013

19. Observation of Hollow Atoms or Ions above Insulator and Metal Surfaces

Author: G. Borsoni, Mahmoud Eddrief, C. Sébenne, J. P. Briand, M. Froment, G. Giardino, and S. Thuriez
Subjects: Condensed Matter::Quantum Gases, Valence (chemistry), Materials science, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Insulator (electricity), Electron, Thermal conduction, Ion, Metal, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, Delocalized electron, Semiconductor, Physics::Plasma Physics, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: We present some experimental results which demonstrate that hollow atoms (ions) can be formed above insulator surfaces, and show for the first time dramatic differences in the interactions of a given ion with a metal and a semiconductor (insulator) surface, leading to the formation of different hollow atoms (ions). These results are tentatively explained in considering the localized (valence) or delocalized (conduction) character of the captured electrons and the backscattering of the ions above insulators.
Published: 1996

20. Results from DROXO. III. Observation, source list and X-ray properties of sources detected in the 'Deep Rho Ophiuchi XMM-Newton Observation'

Author: Beate Stelzer, Ettore Flaccomio, Thierry Montmerle, S. Sciortino, G. Giardino, Ignazio Pillitteri, Giuseppina Micela, F. Damiani, Nicolas Grosso, Leonardo Testi, and Fabio Favata
Subjects: Physics, education.field_of_study, Star formation, Young stellar object, Population, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Context (language use), Astrophysics, Light curve, Stars, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Orion Nebula, Galaxy formation and evolution, education, Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Abstract: X-rays from very young stars are powerful probes to investigate the mechanisms at work in the very first stages of the star formation and the origin of X-ray emission in very young stars. We present results from a 500 ks long observation of the Rho Ophiuchi cloud with a XMM-Newton large program named DROXO, aiming at studying the X-ray emission of deeply embedded Young Stellar Objects (YSOs). The data acquired during the DROXO program were reduced with SAS software, and filtered in time and energy to improve the signal to noise of detected sources; light curves and spectra were obtained. We detected 111 sources, 61 of them associated with rho Ophiuchi YSOs as identified from infrared observations with ISOCAM. Specifically, we detected 9 out of 11 Class I, 31 out of 48 Class II and 15 out 16 Class III objects. Six objects out of 21 classified Class III candidates are also detected. At the same time we suggest that 15 Class III candidates that remain undetected at log Lx < 28.3 are not related to the cloud population. The global detection rate is ~64%. We have achieved a flux sensitivity of ~5 x 10^{-15} erg s^{-1} cm^{-2}. The Lx to L_bol ratio shows saturation at a value of ~ -3.5 for stars with T_eff, Accepted for publication on Astronomy & Astrophysics journal
Published: 2010
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21. Planck pre-launch status: The Planck-LFI programme

Author: P. B. Lilje, Amedeo Balbi, Fabio Finelli, S. Leach, Roger J. Hoyland, L. A. Wade, Krzysztof M. Gorski, F. Gasparo, E. Franceschi, Luigi Danese, Jose M. Diego, T. Riller, Christopher G. Paine, M. C. Falvella, Hannu Kurki-Suonio, A. Mennella, Francesca Perrotta, Joseph Silk, Matthias Bartelmann, U. Dörl, L. Mendes, A. Bonaldi, Jose Alberto Rubino-Martin, Carlo Burigana, Sabino Matarrese, Anne Lähteenmäki, G. de Zotti, Torsten A. Enßlin, G. Prézeau, M. Bremer, E. Keihänen, M. Prina, S. Galeotta, M. Sandri, G. De Troia, X. Dupac, L. Popa, L. Pérez-Cuevas, S. Donzelli, Althea Wilkinson, Adam Moss, M. Maris, Alessandro Melchiorri, F. Pasian, Kevin M. Huffenberger, R. Hell, J. Dick, Rafael Rebolo, R. J. Davis, Reijo Keskitalo, F. Gomez, M. López-Caniego, Michael Janssen, Ted Kisner, G. Giardino, Luca Terenzi, Davide Maino, Anna Gregorio, M. Tomasi, N. Mandolesi, F. K. Hansen, Pradeep Bhandari, Eduardo Artal, Fabrizio Villa, Enrique Martínez-González, Charles R. Lawrence, Todd Gaier, J. P. Leahy, O. D'Arcangelo, Andrea Zacchei, T. Passvogel, J. Sternberg, Alessandro Gruppuso, F. Matthai, Julian Borrill, Paolo Cabella, S. Ricciardi, Steven Levin, Jörg P. Rachen, Nicola Vittorio, Peter Meinhold, N. Morisset, Marc Türler, Jussi Varis, Marco Bersanelli, R. Rohlfs, A. Nash, Sergi R. Hildebrandt, B. Cappellini, Diego Herranz, J. Marti-Canales, J. González-Nuevo, Martin White, Douglas Scott, George F. Smoot, R. B. Barreiro, N. Roddis, Emanuele Salerno, Michael Seiffert, P. Vielva, S. N. White, Marcella Massardi, J. A. Tauber, F. Cuttaia, Renzo Nesti, T. Poutanen, A. J. Banday, R. C. Butler, R. D. Davies, Robert C. Bowman, S. R. Lowe, José Miguel Herreros, Luca Stringhetti, Paolo Natoli, J. Tuovinen, H. K. Eriksen, Rodrigo Leonardi, David Pearson, Bruce Partridge, T. Jaffe, G. Polenta, Clive Dickinson, G. de Gasperis, M. Frailis, L. De Angelis, Carlo Baccigalupi, Philip Lubin, C. Cantalupo, A. de Rosa, F. Stivoli, Gianluca Morgante, Andrea Zonca, G. Crone, Luca Valenziano, T. J. L. Courvoisier, M. Malaspina, Carlo Sozzi, Graca Rocha, M. Reinecke, A. Simonetto, G. Morigi, K. Bennett, W. Hovest, Department of Physics, Helsinki Institute of Physics, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANCK, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Mandolesi, N, Bersanelli, M, BUTLER R., C, Artal, E, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, BANDAY A., J, BARREIRO R., B, Bartelmann, M, Bennett, K, Bhandari, P, Bonaldi, A, Borrill, J, Bremer, M, Burigana, C, BOWMAN R., C, Cabella, P, Cantalupo, C, Cappellini, B, Courvoisier, T, Crone, G, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Darcangelo, O, DAVIES R., D, DAVIS R., J, DE ANGELIS, L, DE GASPERIS, G, DE ROSA, A, DE TROIA, G, DE ZOTTI, G, Dick, J, Dickinson, C, DIEGO J., M, Donzelli, S, Dorl, U, Dupac, X, ENLIN T., A, ERIKSEN H., K, FALVELLA M., C, Finelli, F, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Gaier, T, Galeotta, S, Gasparo, F, Giardino, G, Gomez, F, GONZALEZ NUEVO, J, GORSKI K., M, Gregorio, Anna, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Hell, R, Herranz, D, HERREROS J., M, Hildebrandt, S, Hovest, W, Hoyland, R, Huffenberger, K, Janssen, M, Jaffe, T, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, KURKI SUONIO, H, Lahteenmaki, A, LAWRENCE C., R, M., S, J., Leach, Leahy, P, Leonardi, R, Levin, S, LILJE P., B, LOPEZ CANIEGO, M, LOWE S., R, LUBIN P., M, Maino, D, Malaspina, M, Maris, M, MARTI CANALES, J, MARTINEZ GONZALEZ, E, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Meinhold, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Morgante, G, Morigi, G, Morisset, N, Moss, A, Nash, A, Natoli, P, Nesti, R, Paine, C, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Passvogel, T, Pearson, D, PEREZ CUEVAS, L, Perrotta, F, Polenta, G, POPA L., A, Poutanen, T, Prezeau, G, Prina, M, RACHEN J., P, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Rocha, G, Roddis, N, Rohlfs, R, RUBINO MARTIN J., A, Salerno, E, Sandri, M, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Silk, J, Simonetto, A, SMOOT G., F, Sozzi, C, Sternberg, J, Stivoli, F, Stringhetti, L, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Tomasi, M, Tuovinen, J, Turler, M, Valenziano, L, Varis, J, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, White, M, White, S, Wilkinson, A, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A., Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), and Universidad de Cantabria
Subjects: Electromagnetic spectrum, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], submillimeter: generaltelescopes, cosmic microwave background, space vehicles: instruments, submillimeter: general, instrumentation: polarimeters, telescopes, instrumentation: detectors, Cosmic microwave background, data analysis, Astrophysics, general [Submillimeter], 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, LARGE-AREA TELESCOPE, CMB physics, cosmic microwave backgroundin, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, detectors [Instrumentation], media_common, Physics, Data processing, Planck ESA mission, Galactic and extragalactic asrophysics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, STRAYLIGHT CONTAMINATION, LOW-FREQUENCY INSTRUMENT, DMR SKY MAPS, MICROWAVE BACKGROUND MAPS, galactic and extragalactic astrophysics, symbols, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, GALACTIC FOREGROUNDS, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], COMPONENT SEPARATION, Cosmic microwawe background, media_common.quotation_subject, ANGULAR POWER SPECTRA, education, strumentation: detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 114 Physical sciences, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], instruments [Space vehicles], symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Calibration, Ground segment, Planck, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), DATA-PROCESSING CENTERS, Remote sensing, polarimeters [Instrumentation], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, calibration, 115 Astronomy, Space science, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], Space and Planetary Science, Sky, NON-GAUSSIANITY, space vehicles, Telescopes
Abstract: 24 páginas, 16 figuras, 5 tablas.-- et al., This paper provides an overview of the Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) programme within the ESA Planck mission. The LFI instrument has been developed to produce high precision maps of the microwave sky at frequencies in the range 27–77 GHz, below the peak of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation spectrum. The scientific goals are described, ranging from fundamental cosmology to Galactic and extragalactic astrophysics. The instrument design and development are outlined, together with the model philosophy and testing strategy. The instrument is presented in the context of the Planck mission. The LFI approach to ground and inflight calibration is described. We also describe the LFI ground segment. We present the results of a number of tests demonstrating the capability of the LFI data processing centre (DPC) to properly reduce and analyse LFI flight data, from telemetry information to calibrated and cleaned time ordered data, sky maps at each frequency (in temperature and polarization), component emission maps (CMB and diffuse foregrounds), catalogs for various classes of sources (the Early Release Compact Source Catalogue and the Final Compact Source Catalogue). The organization of the LFI consortium is briefly presented as well as the role of the core team in data analysis and scientific exploitation. All tests carried out on the LFI flight model demonstrate the excellent performance of the instrument and its various subunits. The data analysis pipeline has been tested and its main steps verified. In the first three months after launch, the commissioning, calibration, performance, and verification phases will be completed, after which Planck will begin its operational life, in which LFI will have an integral part., The Planck-LFI project is developed by an International Consortium led by Italy and involving Canada, Finland, Germany, Norway, Spain, Switzerland, UK and USA. The Italian contribution to Planck is supported by the Agenzia Spaziale Italiana (ASI) and INAF. We also wish to thank the many people of the Herschel/Planck Project and RSSD of ESA, ASI, THALES Alenia Space Industries and the LFI Consortium that have contributed to the realization of LFI. We are grateful to our HFI colleagues for such a fruitful collaboration during so many years of common work. The German participation at the Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik is funded by the Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Technologie through the Raumfahrt- Agentur of the Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) [FKZ: 50 OP 0901] and by the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG). The Finnish contribution is supported by the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation (Tekes) and the Academy of Finland. The Spanish participation is funded by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion through the project ESP2004-07067-C03 and AYA2007-68058-C03. The UK contribution is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). C. Baccigalupi and F. Perrotta acknowledge partial support of the NASA LTSA Grant NNG04CG90G.
Published: 2010

22. Planck 2013 results. XXII. Constraints on inflation

Author: Tauber, J, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Armitage-Caplan, C, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Bartolo, N, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoît, A, Benoit-Lévy, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bobin, J, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Bridges, M, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Calabrese, E, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chiang, H, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Church, S, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Curto, A, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, R, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, Rosa, A, Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J, Désert, F, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Doré, O, Douspis, M, Dunkley, J, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Enßlin, T, Eriksen, H, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Gauthier, C, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Héraud, Y, González-Nuevo, J, Górski, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hamann, J, Hansen, F, Hanson, D, Harrison, D, Henrot-Versillé, S, Hernández-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Huffenberger, K, Jaffe, A, Jaffe, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lähteenmäki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Laureijs, R, Lawrence, C, Leach, S, Leahy, J, Leonardi, R, Lesgourgues, J, Lewis, A, Liguori, M, Lilje, P, Linden-Vørnle, M, López-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, Maciás-Pérez, J, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martínez-González, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Meinhold, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschênes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Moss, A, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, O'Dwyer, I, Osborne, S, Oxborrow, C, Paci, F, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Pandolfi, S, Paoletti, D, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Peiris, H, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prézeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Roudier, G, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubinõ-Martín, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savelainen, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Shellard, E, Spencer, L, Starck, J, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sureau, F, Sutton, D, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tavagnacco, D, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tréguer-Goudineau, J, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Tuovinen, J, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Tent, B, Varis, J, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, White, M, Wilkinson, A, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zibin, J, Zonca, A, J. Tauber, P. Ade, N. Aghanim, C. Armitage-Caplan, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Banday, R. Barreiro, J. Bartlett, N. Bartolo, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoît, A. Benoit-Lévy, J. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, P. Bielewicz, J. Bobin, J. Bock, A. Bonaldi, J. Bond, J. Borrill, F. Bouchet, M. Bridges, M. Bucher, C. Burigana, R. Butler, E. Calabrese, J. Cardoso, A. Catalano, A. Challinor, A. Chamballu, H. Chiang, L. Chiang, P. Christensen, S. Church, D. Clements, S. Colombi, L. Colombo, F. Couchot, A. Coulais, B. Crill, A. Curto, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R. Davies, R. Davis, P. De Bernardis, A. D. Rosa, G. D. Zotti, J. Delabrouille, J. Delouis, F. Désert, C. Dickinson, J. Diego, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Doré, M. Douspis, J. Dunkley, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, T. Enßlin, H. Eriksen, F. Finelli, O. Forni, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, C. Gauthier, M. Giard, G. Giardino, Y. Giraud-Héraud, J. González-Nuevo, K. Górski, S. Gratton, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, J. Hamann, F. Hansen, D. Hanson, D. Harrison, S. Henrot-Versillé, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W. Holmes, A. Hornstrup, W. Hovest, K. Huffenberger, A. Jaffe, T. Jaffe, W. Jones, M. Juvela, E. Keihänen, R. Keskitalo, T. Kisner, R. Kneissl, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lähteenmäki, J. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, R. Laureijs, C. Lawrence, S. Leach, J. Leahy, R. Leonardi, J. Lesgourgues, A. Lewis, M. Liguori, P. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. López-Caniego, P. Lubin, J. Maciás-Pérez, B. Maffei, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D. Marshall, P. Martin, E. Martínez-González, S. Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, F. Matthai, P. Mazzotta, P. Meinhold, A. Melchiorri, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, S. Mitra, M. Miville-Deschênes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, A. Moss, D. Munshi, J. Murphy, P. Naselsky, F. Nati, P. Natoli, C. Netterfield, H. Nørgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, I. O'dwyer, S. Osborne, C. Oxborrow, F. Paci, L. Pagano, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, S. Pandolfi, D. Paoletti, B. Partridge, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, H. Peiris, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, F. Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, D. Pietrobon, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, G. Polenta, N. Ponthieu, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G. Pratt, G. Prézeau, S. Prunet, J. Puget, J. Rachen, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, C. Renault, S. Ricciardi, T. Riller, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, G. Roudier, M. Rowan-Robinson, J. Rubinõ-Martín, B. Rusholme, M. Sandri, D. Santos, M. Savelainen, G. Savini, D. Scott, M. Seiffert, E. Shellard, L. Spencer, J. Starck, V. Stolyarov, R. Stompor, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, F. Sureau, D. Sutton, A. Suur-Uski, J. Sygnet, D. Tavagnacco, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, J. Tréguer-Goudineau, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, J. Tuovinen, L. Valenziano, J. Valiviita, B. V. Tent, J. Varis, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L. Wade, B. Wandelt, M. White, A. Wilkinson, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, J. Zibin, A. Zonca, Tauber, J, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Armitage-Caplan, C, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Bartolo, N, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoît, A, Benoit-Lévy, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bielewicz, P, Bobin, J, Bock, J, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Bridges, M, Bucher, M, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Calabrese, E, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Challinor, A, Chamballu, A, Chiang, H, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Church, S, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Couchot, F, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Curto, A, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davies, R, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, Rosa, A, Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Delouis, J, Désert, F, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Doré, O, Douspis, M, Dunkley, J, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Enßlin, T, Eriksen, H, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Gauthier, C, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Héraud, Y, González-Nuevo, J, Górski, K, Gratton, S, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hamann, J, Hansen, F, Hanson, D, Harrison, D, Henrot-Versillé, S, Hernández-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Huffenberger, K, Jaffe, A, Jaffe, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihänen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lähteenmäki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Laureijs, R, Lawrence, C, Leach, S, Leahy, J, Leonardi, R, Lesgourgues, J, Lewis, A, Liguori, M, Lilje, P, Linden-Vørnle, M, López-Caniego, M, Lubin, P, Maciás-Pérez, J, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martínez-González, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Matthai, F, Mazzotta, P, Meinhold, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschênes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Moss, A, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Netterfield, C, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, O'Dwyer, I, Osborne, S, Oxborrow, C, Paci, F, Pagano, L, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Pandolfi, S, Paoletti, D, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Peiris, H, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prézeau, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Remazeilles, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Roudier, G, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubinõ-Martín, J, Rusholme, B, Sandri, M, Santos, D, Savelainen, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Seiffert, M, Shellard, E, Spencer, L, Starck, J, Stolyarov, V, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sunyaev, R, Sureau, F, Sutton, D, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tavagnacco, D, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tréguer-Goudineau, J, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Tuovinen, J, Valenziano, L, Valiviita, J, Tent, B, Varis, J, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, White, M, Wilkinson, A, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zibin, J, Zonca, A, J. Tauber, P. Ade, N. Aghanim, C. Armitage-Caplan, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Banday, R. Barreiro, J. Bartlett, N. Bartolo, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoît, A. Benoit-Lévy, J. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, P. Bielewicz, J. Bobin, J. Bock, A. Bonaldi, J. Bond, J. Borrill, F. Bouchet, M. Bridges, M. Bucher, C. Burigana, R. Butler, E. Calabrese, J. Cardoso, A. Catalano, A. Challinor, A. Chamballu, H. Chiang, L. Chiang, P. Christensen, S. Church, D. Clements, S. Colombi, L. Colombo, F. Couchot, A. Coulais, B. Crill, A. Curto, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R. Davies, R. Davis, P. De Bernardis, A. D. Rosa, G. D. Zotti, J. Delabrouille, J. Delouis, F. Désert, C. Dickinson, J. Diego, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Doré, M. Douspis, J. Dunkley, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, T. Enßlin, H. Eriksen, F. Finelli, O. Forni, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, C. Gauthier, M. Giard, G. Giardino, Y. Giraud-Héraud, J. González-Nuevo, K. Górski, S. Gratton, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, J. Hamann, F. Hansen, D. Hanson, D. Harrison, S. Henrot-Versillé, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W. Holmes, A. Hornstrup, W. Hovest, K. Huffenberger, A. Jaffe, T. Jaffe, W. Jones, M. Juvela, E. Keihänen, R. Keskitalo, T. Kisner, R. Kneissl, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lähteenmäki, J. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, R. Laureijs, C. Lawrence, S. Leach, J. Leahy, R. Leonardi, J. Lesgourgues, A. Lewis, M. Liguori, P. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. López-Caniego, P. Lubin, J. Maciás-Pérez, B. Maffei, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D. Marshall, P. Martin, E. Martínez-González, S. Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, F. Matthai, P. Mazzotta, P. Meinhold, A. Melchiorri, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, S. Mitra, M. Miville-Deschênes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, A. Moss, D. Munshi, J. Murphy, P. Naselsky, F. Nati, P. Natoli, C. Netterfield, H. Nørgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, I. O'dwyer, S. Osborne, C. Oxborrow, F. Paci, L. Pagano, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, S. Pandolfi, D. Paoletti, B. Partridge, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, H. Peiris, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, F. Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, D. Pietrobon, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, G. Polenta, N. Ponthieu, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G. Pratt, G. Prézeau, S. Prunet, J. Puget, J. Rachen, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, C. Renault, S. Ricciardi, T. Riller, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, G. Roudier, M. Rowan-Robinson, J. Rubinõ-Martín, B. Rusholme, M. Sandri, D. Santos, M. Savelainen, G. Savini, D. Scott, M. Seiffert, E. Shellard, L. Spencer, J. Starck, V. Stolyarov, R. Stompor, R. Sudiwala, R. Sunyaev, F. Sureau, D. Sutton, A. Suur-Uski, J. Sygnet, D. Tavagnacco, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, J. Tréguer-Goudineau, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, J. Tuovinen, L. Valenziano, J. Valiviita, B. V. Tent, J. Varis, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L. Wade, B. Wandelt, M. White, A. Wilkinson, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, J. Zibin, and A. Zonca
Abstract: We analyse the implications of the Planck data for cosmic inflation. The Planck nominal mission temperature anisotropy measurements, combined with the WMAP large-angle polarization, constrain the scalar spectral index to be n(s) = 0.9603 +/- 0:0073, ruling out exact scale invariance at over 5 sigma Planck establishes an upper bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r < 0.11 (95% CL). The Planck data thus shrink the space of allowed standard inflationary models preferring potentials with V '' < 0. Exponential potential models, the simplest hybrid inflationary models, and monomial potential models of degree n >= 2 do not provide a good fit to the data. Planck does not find statistically significant running of the scalar spectral index, obtaining dn(s)/dln k = -0.0134 +/- 0.0090. We verify these conclusions through a numerical analysis, which makes no slowroll approximation, and carry out a Bayesian parameter estimation and model-selection analysis for a number of inflationary models including monomial, natural, and hilltop potentials. For each model, we present the Planck constraints on the parameters of the potential and explore several possibilities for the post-inflationary entropy generation epoch, thus obtaining nontrivial data-driven constraints. We also present a direct reconstruction of the observable range of the inflaton potential. Unless a quartic term is allowed in the potential, we find results consistent with second-order slow-roll predictions. We also investigate whether the primordial power spectrum contains any features. We find that models with a parameterized oscillatory feature improve the fit by delta 2 10; however, Bayesian evidence does not prefer these models. We constrain several single-field inflation models with generalized Lagrangians by combining power spectrum data with Planck bounds on fNL. Planck constrains with unprecedented accuracy the amplitude and possible correlation (with the adiabatic mode) of non-decaying isocurvature f
Published: 2014

23. (Erratum) Results from Droxo.I. The variability of fluorescent Fe 6.4 keV emission in the young star Elias 29. High-energy electrons in the stars accretion tubes?

Author: G. Giardino, F. Favata, I. Pillittieri, E. Flaccomio, G. Micela, and S. Sciortino
Subjects: Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2009

24. X-ray properties of sources detected in the DROXO survey

Author: I. Pillitteri, F. Favata, E. Flaccomio, G. Giardino, N. Grosso, G. Micela, T. Montmerle, S. Sciortino, B. Stelzer, L. Testi, and Eric Stempels
Subjects: Physics, Accretion (meteorology), Orion Nebula, X-ray, Flux, Astronomy, Plasma, Astrophysics, Spectral line, Luminosity
Abstract: DROXO is a XMM‐Newton large program that explored the ρ Ophiuchi Cloud with a 500 ks observation. We present the main properties of the 111 X‐ray sources detected in DROXO. We achieved an average sensitivity of fX∼10−15 erg s−1 cm−2 in unabsorbed flux and LX∼1028 erg s−1 in luminosity (0.3–10 keV band). Typically the source spectra are highly absorbed (NH∼2⋅1022 cm−2), with a mean plasma temperature of kT∼1.9 keV. Saturation of LX/Lbol ratio occurs at masses of M = 0.5–0.7 M⊙ and, below these values of masses, the relation between LX and mass found for Orion Nebula YSOs [1] is found valid also for the X‐ray luminosities from YSO in ρ Oph.
Published: 2009

25. The X-ray luminosity of solar-mass stars in the intermediate age open cluster NGC 752

Author: Giuseppina Micela, Ignazio Pillitteri, G. Giardino, and Fabio Favata
Subjects: Physics, Rotational rate, Solar mass, Astrophysics (astro-ph), X-ray, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Luminosity, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Cluster (physics), Pleiades, Open cluster
Abstract: AIMS. While observational evidence shows that most of the decline in a star's X-ray activity occurs between the age of the Hyades (~8 x 10^8 yrs) and that of the Sun, very little is known about the evolution of stellar activity between these ages. To gain information on the typical level of coronal activity at a star's intermediate age, we studied the X-ray emission from stars in the 1.9 Gyr old open cluster NGC 752. METHODS. We analysed a ~140 ks Chandra observation of NGC 752 and a ~50 ks XMM-Newton observation of the same cluster. We detected 262 X-ray sources in the Chandra data and 145 sources in the XMM-Newton observation. Around 90% of the catalogued cluster members within Chandra's field-of-view are detected in the X-ray. The X-ray luminosity of all observed cluster members (28 stars) and of 11 cluster member candidates was derived. RESULTS. Our data indicate that, at an age of 1.9 Gyr, the typical X-ray luminosity of the cluster members with M=0.8-1.2 Msun is Lx = 1.3 x 10^28 erg s^-1, so approximately a factor of 6 less intense than that observed in the younger Hyades. Given that Lx is proportional to the square of a star's rotational rate, the median Lx of NGC 752 is consistent, for t > 1 Gyr, to a decaying rate in rotational velocities v_rot ~ t^-alpha with alpha ~ 0.75, steeper than the Skumanich relation (alpha ~ 0.5) and significantly steeper than observed between the Pleiades and the Hyades (where alpha < 0.3), suggesting that a change in the rotational regimes of the stellar interiors is taking place at t ~ 1 Gyr., Accepted for publication in A&A (13 pages, 8 figures)
Published: 2008

26. Planck intermediate results. XII: Diffuse Galactic components in the Gould Belt system

Author: P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M.I.R. Alves, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, J.G. Bartlett, E. Battaner, L. Bedini, K. Benabed, A. Benoit, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, A. Bonaldi, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, C. Burigana, R.C. Butler, P. Cabella, J.F. Cardoso, X. Chen, L.Y. Chiang, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colombi, L.P.L. Colombo, A. Coulais, F. Cuttaia, R.D. Davies, R.J. Davis, Paolo De Bernardis, G. De Gasperis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J.M. Diego, G. Dobler, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Dore, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, T.A. Ensslin, F. Finelli, O. Forni, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, R.T. Genova-Santos, T. Ghosh, M. Giard, G. Giardino, Y. Giraud-Heraud, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K.M. Gorski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, F.K. Hansen, D. Harrison, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, S.R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W.A. Holmes, A. Hornstrup, W. Hovest, K.M. Huffenberger, T.R. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, M. Juvela, E. Keihanen, R. Keskitalo, T.S. Kisner, J. Knoche, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lahteenmaki, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, C.R. Lawrence, S. Leach, R. Leonardi, P.B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. Linden-Vornle, P.M. Lubin, J.F. Macias-Perez, B. Maffei, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D.J. Marshall, P.G. Martin, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Silvia Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, P. Mazzotta, Alessandro Melchiorri, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, Federico Nati, P. Natoli, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, S. Osborne, C.A. Oxborrow, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, D. Paoletti, M. Peel, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, D. Pietrobon, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, Gianluca Polenta, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G.W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J.L. Puget, J.P. Rachen, W.T. Reach, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, C. Renault, Sara Ricciardi, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, J.A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, E. Salerno, M. Sandri, Giorgio Savini, D. Scott, L. Spencer, V. Stolyarov, R. Sudiwala, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, C.T. Tibbs, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, L. Valenziano, B. Van Tent, J. Varis, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, N. Ysard, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), PLANCK, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Alves, M, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Bedini, L, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Cabella, P, Cardoso, J, Chen, X, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Coulais, A, Cuttaia, F, Davies, R, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dobler, G, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Ensslin, T, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Genova-Santos, R, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Huffenberger, K, Jaffe, T, Jaffe, A, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Knoche, J, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lahteenmaki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Leach, S, Leonardi, R, Lilje, P, Linden-Vørnle, M, Linden-Vornle, M, Lubin, P, Macias-Perez, J, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Oxborrow, C, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Peel, M, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Salerno, E, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Spencer, L, Stolyarov, V, Sudiwala, R, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Tibbs, C, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Valenziano, L, Van Tent, B, Varis, J, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Ysard, N, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics (JBCA), University of Manchester [Manchester], Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Théorique d'Orsay [Orsay] (LPT), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Planck Collaboration, Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), P. A. R., Ade, N., Aghanim, M. I. R., Alve, M., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, F., Atrio Barandela, J., Aumont, C., Baccigalupi, A., Balbi, A. J., Banday, R. B., Barreiro, J. G., Bartlett, E., Battaner, L., Bedini, K., Benabed, A., Benoît, J. P., Bernard, M., Bersanelli, A., Bonaldi, J. R., Bond, J., Borrill, F. R., Bouchet, F., Boulanger, C., Burigana, R. C., Butler, P., Cabella, J. F., Cardoso, X., Chen, L. Y., Chiang, P. R., Christensen, D. L., Clement, S., Colombi, L. P. L., Colombo, A., Coulai, F., Cuttaia, R. D., Davie, R. J., Davi, P., de Bernardi, G., de Gasperi, G., de Zotti, J., Delabrouille, C., Dickinson, J. M., Diego, G., Dobler, H., Dole, S., Donzelli, O., Doré, M., Douspi, X., Dupac, T. A., Enßlin, F., Finelli, O., Forni, M., Fraili, E., Franceschi, S., Galeotta, K., Ganga, R. T., Génova Santo, T., Ghosh, M., Giard, G., Giardino, Y., Giraud Héraud, J., González Nuevo, K. M., Górski, Gregorio, Anna, A., Gruppuso, F. K., Hansen, D., Harrison, C., Hernández Monteagudo, S. R., Hildebrandt, E., Hivon, M., Hobson, W. A., Holme, A., Hornstrup, W., Hovest, K. M., Huffenberger, T. R., Jaffe, A. H., Jaffe, M., Juvela, E., Keihänen, R., Keskitalo, T. S., Kisner, J., Knoche, M., Kunz, H., Kurki Suonio, G., Lagache, A., Lähteenmäki, J. M., Lamarre, A., Lasenby, C. R., Lawrence, S., Leach, R., Leonardi, P. B., Lilje, M., Linden Vørnle, P. M., Lubin, J. F., Macías Pérez, B., Maffei, D., Maino, N., Mandolesi, M., Mari, D. J., Marshall, P. G., Martin, E., Martínez González, S., Masi, M., Massardi, S., Matarrese, P., Mazzotta, A., Melchiorri, A., Mennella, S., Mitra, M. A., Miville Deschêne, A., Moneti, L., Montier, G., Morgante, D., Mortlock, D., Munshi, J. A., Murphy, P., Naselsky, F., Nati, P., Natoli, H. U., Nørgaard Nielsen, F., Noviello, D., Novikov, I., Novikov, S., Osborne, C. A., Oxborrow, F., Pajot, R., Paladini, D., Paoletti, M., Peel, L., Perotto, F., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, M., Piat, E., Pierpaoli, D., Pietrobon, S., Plaszczynski, E., Pointecouteau, G., Polenta, L., Popa, T., Poutanen, G. W., Pratt, S., Prunet, J. L., Puget, J. P., Rachen, W. T., Reach, R., Rebolo, M., Reinecke, C., Renault, S., Ricciardi, I., Ristorcelli, G., Rocha, C., Rosset, J. A., Rubiño Martín, B., Rusholme, E., Salerno, M., Sandri, G., Savini, D., Scott, L., Spencer, V., Stolyarov, R., Sudiwala, A. S., Suur Uski, J. F., Sygnet, J. A., Tauber, L., Terenzi, C. T., Tibb, L., Toffolatti, M., Tomasi, M., Tristram, L., Valenziano, B., Van Tent, J., Vari, P., Vielva, F., Villa, N., Vittorio, L. A., Wade, B. D., Wandelt, N., Ysard, D., Yvon, A., Zacchei, A., Zonca, Anne Lähteenmäki Group, Aalto-yliopisto, Aalto University, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Physics, and Helsinki Institute of Physics
Subjects: CENTIMETER-WAVE CONTINUUM, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Astronomy, Anomalous microwave emission, WMAP OBSERVATIONS, Flux, Astrophysics, Galaxy: general - radio continuum, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, ANOMALOUS DUST, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], Galaxy: general, Radiation mechanisms: general, Radio continuum: ISM, SPINNING DUST EMISSION, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, general [Radiation mechanisms], Physics, general - radio continuum [Galaxy], Line-of-sight, FOREGROUND EMISSION, general [ISM-radiation mechanism], Component separation, J.2 PHYSICAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING. Astronomy, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, symbols, Electron temperature, Correlated component analysis, Galaxy: general – radio continuum: ISM – radiation mechanis ms: general, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), H-ALPHA, INFRARED-EMISSION, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, education, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Component analysis, Position (vector), 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, PRE-LAUNCH STATUS, radio continuum: ISM, radiation mechanisms: general, Planck, general – radio continuum: ISM – radiation mechanis ms: general [Galaxy], general [Galaxy], Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, radio continuum: ism, galaxy: general, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, MICROWAVE-ANISOTROPY-PROBE, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, ISM [Radio continuum], Frequency spectrum, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), TENTATIVE DETECTION, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ISM-radiation mechanism: general
Abstract: We perform an analysis of the diffuse low-frequency Galactic components in the southern part of the Gould Belt system (130◦ ≤ l ≤ 230◦ and −50◦ ≤ b ≤ −10◦). Strong ultra-violet flux coming from the Gould Belt super-association is responsible for bright diffuse foregrounds that we observe from our position inside the system and that can help us improve our knowledge of the Galactic emission. Free-free emission and anomalous microwave emission (AME) are the dominant components at low frequencies (ν < 40 GHz), while synchrotron emission is very smooth and faint. We separated diffuse free-free emission and AME from synchrotron emission and thermal dust emission by using Planck data, complemented by ancillary data, using the correlated component analysis (CCA) component-separation method and we compared our results with the results of cross-correlation of foreground templates with the frequency maps. We estimated the electron temperature Te from Hα and free-free emission using two methods (temperature-temperature plot and cross-correlation) and obtained Te ranging from 3100 to 5200 K for an effective fraction of absorbing dust along the line of sight of 30% ( fd = 0.3). We estimated the frequency spectrum of the diffuse AME and recovered a peak frequency (in flux density units) of 25.5±1.5 GHz.We verified the reliability of this result with realistic simulations that include biases in the spectral model for the AME and in the free-free template. By combining physical models for vibrational and rotational dust emission and adding the constraints from the thermal dust spectrum from Planck and IRAS, we are able to present a good description of the AME frequency spectrum for plausible values of the local density and radiation field., The development of Planck has been supported by: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and PRACE (EU).
Published: 2013

27. Analysis of CMB Foregrounds Using a Database for Planck

Author: Krzysztof M. Gorski, Claudio Vuerli, P. Fosalba, William O'Mullane, J. A. Tauber, G. Giardino, A. J. Banday, and K. Bennett
Subjects: Database, business.industry, Computer science, Data management, HEALPix, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, computer.software_genre, Data structure, symbols.namesake, Data model, Computer data storage, symbols, Software system, Planck, business, computer
Abstract: Within the scope of the Planck IDIS (Integrated Data Information System) project we have started to develop the data model for time-ordered data and full-sky maps. The data model is part of the Data Management Component (DMC), a software system designed according to a three-tier architecture which allows complete separation between data storage and processing. The DMC is already being used for simulation activities and the modeling of some foreground components. We have ingested several Galactic surveys into the database and used the science data-access interface to process the data. The data structure for full-sky maps utilises the HEALPix tessellation of the sphere. We have been able to obtain consistent measures of the angular power spectrum of the Galactic radio continuum emission between 408 MHz and 2417 MHz.
Published: 2006

28. X-ray and optical bursts and flares in YSOs: results from a 5-day XMM-Newton monitoring campaign of L1551

Author: Fabio Reale, S. Sciortino, Bruno Silva, Giuseppina Micela, Fabio Favata, G. Giardino, GIARDINO G, FAVATA F, SILVA B, MICELA G, REALE F, and SCIORTINO S
Subjects: Physics, Rotation period, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Young stellar object, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Light curve, Accretion (astrophysics), law.invention, T Tauri star, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, law, Orion Nebula, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Flare
Abstract: We present the results of a five-day monitoring campaign with XMM-Newton of six X-ray bright young stellar objects (YSOs) in the star-forming complex L1551 in Taurus. All stars present significant variability on the five-day time scale. Modulation of the light curve on time scales comparable with the star's rotational period appeared to be present in the case of one weak-lined T Tauri star. Significant spectral variations between the 2000 and the 2004 observations were detected in the (unresolved) classical T Tauri binary system XZ Tau: a hot plasma component which was present in the X-ray spectrum in 2000 had significantly weakened in 2004. As XZ Tau N was undergoing a strong optical outburst in 2000, which had terminated since then, we speculate on the possible relationship between episodic, burst accretion, and X-ray heating. The transition object HL Tau underwent a strong flare with a complex temperature evolution, which is indicative of an event confined within a very large magnetic structure (few stellar radii), similar to the ones found in YSOs in the Orion Nebula Cluster., Comment: 17 pages, 16 figures - Accepted for publication by A&A
Published: 2006

29. HST and spectroscopic observations of the L1551 IRS5 jets (HH154)

Author: C. V. M. Fridlund, R. Liseau, A. A. Djupvik, M. Huldtgren, G. J. White, F. Favata, and G. Giardino
Subjects: Physics, Jet (fluid), Star formation, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Extinction (astronomy), Astrophysics (astro-ph), Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, New Technology Telescope, Nordic Optical Telescope, Space and Planetary Science, Protostar, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Outflow, Spectrograph, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We have carried out a thorough optical study of the closest star formation jet. The inner arcminute surrounding the class 0/I binary protostar L1551 IRS5 and its associated jet (HH154) have been observed using the Hubble Space Telescope with the WFPC2 camera, the ESO New Technology Telescope with the EMMI spectrograph and the Nordic Optical Telescope with the ALFOSC spectrograph. This data set is compared to earlier ground based imaging with the aim to study the evolution of this particular jet, and its possible interaction with the molecular material in the bipolar molecular outflow associated with this source. The velocity field of the jet is mapped out. The highest velocities are found in the vicinity of the recently discovered X-ray source emanating from a shock in this jet. The energy radiated by the X-ray source is compatible with these velocities. The \halpha and \hbeta emission from the jet is used to determine the extinction, which is found to increase inwards in the jet towards the protostar. The extinction towards the X-ray source is consistent with the one determined from the X-ray spectrum.
Published: 2005

30. First results on the warm EBIS source at Saclay

Author: J. P. Briand, G. Congretel, Raphael Gobin, B. Visentin, P. Leaux, P. Gros, S. Thuriez, Olivier Delferrière, J. Faure, A. Courtois, P. A. Leroy, Francis Harrault, and G. Giardino
Subjects: Materials science, Cathode ray, Solenoid, High current, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Current density, Ion, Magnetic field
Abstract: A large high current EBIS source, working at room temperature, and using a noncryogenic solenoid, has been completed in Saclay. This source, whose current density is lower (≊100 A cm−2) than the cryogenic EBIS, has been designed to be used at very low pressures with turbo and Ti sublimator pumping. An ultimate vacuum of 8×10−12 mbar has been reached and may be obtained in a few days after opening. This ultrahigh vacuum allows very long confinement times. The electron beam has been injected and large amounts of Ar16+ and Ar17+ ions have been obtained in July. These preliminary results are in good agreement with theoretical simulations. More details about the special dynamics of the warm EBIS are presented.
Published: 1996

31. Chandra observations of the massive star-forming region S106: X-ray emission from the embedded massive protostellar object IRS 4

Author: Fabio Favata, Giuseppina Micela, and G. Giardino
Subjects: Physics, Nebula, Molecular cloud, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Bipolar nebula, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Luminosity, Stars, Space and Planetary Science, Excited state, Cluster (physics), Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Main sequence, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract: We present Chandra observations of the massive star-forming region S106, a prominent HII region in Cygnus, associated with an extended molecular cloud and a young cluster. The nebula is excited by a single young massive star located at the center of the molecular cloud and the embedded cluster. The prominence of the cluster in the Chandra observation presented here confirms its youth and allows some of its members to be studied in more detail. We detect X-ray emission from the young massive central source S106 IRS 4, the deeply embedded central object which drives the bipolar nebula with a mass loss rate approximately 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than main sequence stars of comparable luminosity. Still, on the basis of its wind momentum flux the X-ray luminosity of S106 IRS 4 is comparable to the values observed in more evolved (main sequence and giant) massive stars, suggesting that the same process which is responsible for the observed X-ray emission from older massive stars is already at work at these early stages.
Published: 2004

32. Planck intermediate results. XII: Diffuse Galactic components in the Gould Belt system

Author: Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Alves, M, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Bedini, L, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Cabella, P, Cardoso, J, Chen, X, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Coulais, A, Cuttaia, F, Davies, R, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dobler, G, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Ensslin, T, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Genova-Santos, R, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Huffenberger, K, Jaffe, T, Jaffe, A, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Knoche, J, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lahteenmaki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Leach, S, Leonardi, R, Lilje, P, Linden-Vørnle, M, Linden-Vornle, M, Lubin, P, Macias-Perez, J, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Oxborrow, C, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Peel, M, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Salerno, E, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Spencer, L, Stolyarov, V, Sudiwala, R, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Tibbs, C, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Valenziano, L, Van Tent, B, Varis, J, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Ysard, N, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M.I.R. Alves, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, J.G. Bartlett, E. Battaner, L. Bedini, K. Benabed, A. Benoit, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, A. Bonaldi, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, C. Burigana, R.C. Butler, P. Cabella, J.F. Cardoso, X. Chen, L.Y. Chiang, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colombi, L.P.L. Colombo, A. Coulais, F. Cuttaia, R.D. Davies, R.J. Davis, Paolo De Bernardis, G. De Gasperis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J.M. Diego, G. Dobler, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Dore, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, T.A. Ensslin, F. Finelli, O. Forni, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, R.T. Genova-Santos, T. Ghosh, M. Giard, G. Giardino, Y. Giraud-Heraud, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K.M. Gorski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, F.K. Hansen, D. Harrison, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, S.R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W.A. Holmes, A. Hornstrup, W. Hovest, K.M. Huffenberger, T.R. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, M. Juvela, E. Keihanen, R. Keskitalo, T.S. Kisner, J. Knoche, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lahteenmaki, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, C.R. Lawrence, S. Leach, R. Leonardi, P.B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. Linden-Vornle, P.M. Lubin, J.F. Macias-Perez, B. Maffei, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D.J. Marshall, P.G. Martin, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Silvia Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, P. Mazzotta, Alessandro Melchiorri, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, Federico Nati, P. Natoli, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, S. Osborne, C.A. Oxborrow, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, D. Paoletti, M. Peel, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, D. Pietrobon, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, Gianluca Polenta, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G.W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J.L. Puget, J.P. Rachen, W.T. Reach, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, C. Renault, Sara Ricciardi, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, J.A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, E. Salerno, M. Sandri, Giorgio Savini, D. Scott, L. Spencer, V. Stolyarov, R. Sudiwala, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, C.T. Tibbs, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, L. Valenziano, B. Van Tent, J. Varis, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, N. Ysard, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Alves, M, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Bartlett, J, Battaner, E, Bedini, L, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Burigana, C, Butler, R, Cabella, P, Cardoso, J, Chen, X, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Coulais, A, Cuttaia, F, Davies, R, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dobler, G, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Ensslin, T, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Genova-Santos, R, Ghosh, T, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Hornstrup, A, Hovest, W, Huffenberger, K, Jaffe, T, Jaffe, A, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Knoche, J, Kunz, M, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lahteenmaki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Leach, S, Leonardi, R, Lilje, P, Linden-Vørnle, M, Linden-Vornle, M, Lubin, P, Macias-Perez, J, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martin, P, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Oxborrow, C, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Peel, M, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Pietrobon, D, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Salerno, E, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Spencer, L, Stolyarov, V, Sudiwala, R, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Tibbs, C, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Valenziano, L, Van Tent, B, Varis, J, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, Ysard, N, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, M.I.R. Alves, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, J.G. Bartlett, E. Battaner, L. Bedini, K. Benabed, A. Benoit, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, A. Bonaldi, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, C. Burigana, R.C. Butler, P. Cabella, J.F. Cardoso, X. Chen, L.Y. Chiang, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colombi, L.P.L. Colombo, A. Coulais, F. Cuttaia, R.D. Davies, R.J. Davis, Paolo De Bernardis, G. De Gasperis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J.M. Diego, G. Dobler, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Dore, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, T.A. Ensslin, F. Finelli, O. Forni, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, R.T. Genova-Santos, T. Ghosh, M. Giard, G. Giardino, Y. Giraud-Heraud, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K.M. Gorski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, F.K. Hansen, D. Harrison, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, S.R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W.A. Holmes, A. Hornstrup, W. Hovest, K.M. Huffenberger, T.R. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, M. Juvela, E. Keihanen, R. Keskitalo, T.S. Kisner, J. Knoche, M. Kunz, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lahteenmaki, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, C.R. Lawrence, S. Leach, R. Leonardi, P.B. Lilje, M. Linden-Vørnle, M. Linden-Vornle, P.M. Lubin, J.F. Macias-Perez, B. Maffei, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D.J. Marshall, P.G. Martin, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Silvia Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, P. Mazzotta, Alessandro Melchiorri, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, Federico Nati, P. Natoli, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, S. Osborne, C.A. Oxborrow, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, D. Paoletti, M. Peel, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, D. Pietrobon, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, Gianluca Polenta, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G.W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J.L. Puget, J.P. Rachen, W.T. Reach, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, C. Renault, Sara Ricciardi, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, J.A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, E. Salerno, M. Sandri, Giorgio Savini, D. Scott, L. Spencer, V. Stolyarov, R. Sudiwala, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, C.T. Tibbs, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, L. Valenziano, B. Van Tent, J. Varis, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, N. Ysard, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, and A. Zonca
Abstract: We perform an analysis of the diffuse low-frequency Galactic components in the southern part of the Gould Belt system (130 degrees <= l <= 230 degrees and -50 degrees <= b <= -10 degrees). Strong ultra-violet flux coming from the Gould Belt super-association is responsible for bright diffuse foregrounds that we observe from our position inside the system and that can help us improve our knowledge of the Galactic emission. Free-free emission and anomalous microwave emission (AME) are the dominant components at low frequencies (nu < 40 GHz), while synchrotron emission is very smooth and faint. We separated diffuse free-free emission and AME from synchrotron emission and thermal dust emission by using Planck data, complemented by ancillary data, using the correlated component analysis (CCA) component-separation method and we compared our results with the results of cross-correlation of foreground templates with the frequency maps. We estimated the electron temperature T-e from Ha and free-free emission using two methods (temperature-temperature plot and cross-correlation) and obtained T-e ranging from 3100 to 5200 K for an effective fraction of absorbing dust along the line of sight of 30% (f(d) = 0.3). We estimated the frequency spectrum of the diffuse AME and recovered a peak frequency (in flux density units) of 25.5 +/- 1.5 GHz. We verified the reliability of this result with realistic simulations that include biases in the spectral model for the AME and in the free-free template. By combining physical models for vibrational and rotational dust emission and adding the constraints from the thermal dust spectrum from Planck and IRAS, we are able to present a good description of the AME frequency spectrum for plausible values of the local density and radiation field.
Published: 2013

33. Planck intermediate results VII. Statistical properties of infrared and radio extragalactic sources from the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue at frequencies between 100 and 857 GHz

Author: Collaboration, P, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Argueso, F, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bethermin, M, Bhatia, R, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Chamballu, A, Chary, R, Chen, X, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colafrancesco, S, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, T, Eriksen, H, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Fosalba, P, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Henrot-Versille, S, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Jaffe, T, Jaffe, A, Jagemann, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurinsky, N, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lahteenmaki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Leonardi, R, Lilje, P, Lopez-Caniego, M, Macias-Perez, J, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sajina, A, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Smoot, G, Starck, J, Sudiwala, R, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Turler, M, Valenziano, L, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, White, M, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Planck Collaboration, P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, F. Argueso, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoit, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, M. Bethermin, R. Bhatia, A. Bonaldi, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, C. Burigana, P. Cabella, J.F. Cardoso, A. Catalano, L. Cayon, A. Chamballu, R.R. Chary, X. Chen, L.Y. Chiang, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colafrancesco, S. Colombi, L.P.L. Colombo, A. Coulais, B.P. Crill, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R.J. Davis, Paolo De Bernardis, G. De Gasperis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J.M. Diego, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Dore, U. Dorl, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, T.A. Ensslin, H.K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, O. Forni, P. Fosalba, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, M. Giard, G. Giardino, Y. Giraud-Heraud, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K.M. Gorski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, F.K. Hansen, D. Harrison, S. Henrot-Versille, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S.R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W.A. Holmes, T.R. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, T. Jagemann, W.C. Jones, M. Juvela, E. Keihanen, T.S. Kisner, R. Kneissl, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, N. Kurinsky, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lahteenmaki, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, C.R. Lawrence, R. Leonardi, P.B. Lilje, M. Lopez-Caniego, J.F. Macias-Perez, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D.J. Marshall, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Silvia Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, P. Mazzotta, Alessandro Melchiorri, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, Federico Nati, P. Natoli, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, S. Osborne, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, D. Paoletti, B. Partridge, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, Gianluca Polenta, N. Ponthieu, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G.W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J.L. Puget, J.P. Rachen, W.T. Reach, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, C. Renault, S. Ricciardi, T. Riller, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, M. Rowan-Robinson, J.A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, A. Sajina, M. Sandri, Giorgio Savini, D. Scott, G.F. Smoot, J.L. Starck, R. Sudiwala, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, M. Turler, L. Valenziano, B. Van Tent, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, M. White, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, A. Zonca, Collaboration, P, Ade, P, Aghanim, N, Argueso, F, Arnaud, M, Ashdown, M, Atrio-Barandela, F, Aumont, J, Baccigalupi, C, Balbi, A, Banday, A, Barreiro, R, Battaner, E, Benabed, K, Benoit, A, Bernard, J, Bersanelli, M, Bethermin, M, Bhatia, R, Bonaldi, A, Bond, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Burigana, C, Cabella, P, Cardoso, J, Catalano, A, Cayon, L, Chamballu, A, Chary, R, Chen, X, Chiang, L, Christensen, P, Clements, D, Colafrancesco, S, Colombi, S, Colombo, L, Coulais, A, Crill, B, Cuttaia, F, Danese, L, Davis, R, De Bernardis, P, De Gasperis, G, De Zotti, G, Delabrouille, J, Dickinson, C, Diego, J, Dole, H, Donzelli, S, Dore, O, Dorl, U, Douspis, M, Dupac, X, Efstathiou, G, Ensslin, T, Eriksen, H, Finelli, F, Forni, O, Fosalba, P, Frailis, M, Franceschi, E, Galeotta, S, Ganga, K, Giard, M, Giardino, G, Giraud-Heraud, Y, Gonzalez-Nuevo, J, Gorski, K, Gregorio, A, Gruppuso, A, Hansen, F, Harrison, D, Henrot-Versille, S, Hernandez-Monteagudo, C, Herranz, D, Hildebrandt, S, Hivon, E, Hobson, M, Holmes, W, Jaffe, T, Jaffe, A, Jagemann, T, Jones, W, Juvela, M, Keihanen, E, Kisner, T, Kneissl, R, Knoche, J, Knox, L, Kunz, M, Kurinsky, N, Kurki-Suonio, H, Lagache, G, Lahteenmaki, A, Lamarre, J, Lasenby, A, Lawrence, C, Leonardi, R, Lilje, P, Lopez-Caniego, M, Macias-Perez, J, Maino, D, Mandolesi, N, Maris, M, Marshall, D, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Masi, S, Massardi, M, Matarrese, S, Mazzotta, P, Melchiorri, A, Mendes, L, Mennella, A, Mitra, S, Miville-Deschenes, M, Moneti, A, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mortlock, D, Munshi, D, Murphy, J, Naselsky, P, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nørgaard-Nielsen, H, Norgaard-Nielsen, H, Noviello, F, Novikov, D, Novikov, I, Osborne, S, Pajot, F, Paladini, R, Paoletti, D, Partridge, B, Pasian, F, Patanchon, G, Perdereau, O, Perotto, L, Perrotta, F, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Pierpaoli, E, Plaszczynski, S, Pointecouteau, E, Polenta, G, Ponthieu, N, Popa, L, Poutanen, T, Pratt, G, Prunet, S, Puget, J, Rachen, J, Reach, W, Rebolo, R, Reinecke, M, Renault, C, Ricciardi, S, Riller, T, Ristorcelli, I, Rocha, G, Rosset, C, Rowan-Robinson, M, Rubino-Martin, J, Rusholme, B, Sajina, A, Sandri, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Smoot, G, Starck, J, Sudiwala, R, Suur-Uski, A, Sygnet, J, Tauber, J, Terenzi, L, Toffolatti, L, Tomasi, M, Tristram, M, Tucci, M, Turler, M, Valenziano, L, Van Tent, B, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vittorio, N, Wade, L, Wandelt, B, White, M, Yvon, D, Zacchei, A, Zonca, A, Planck Collaboration, P.A.R. Ade, N. Aghanim, F. Argueso, M. Arnaud, M. Ashdown, F. Atrio-Barandela, J. Aumont, C. Baccigalupi, A. Balbi, A.J. Banday, R.B. Barreiro, E. Battaner, K. Benabed, A. Benoit, J.P. Bernard, M. Bersanelli, M. Bethermin, R. Bhatia, A. Bonaldi, J.R. Bond, J. Borrill, F.R. Bouchet, C. Burigana, P. Cabella, J.F. Cardoso, A. Catalano, L. Cayon, A. Chamballu, R.R. Chary, X. Chen, L.Y. Chiang, P.R. Christensen, D.L. Clements, S. Colafrancesco, S. Colombi, L.P.L. Colombo, A. Coulais, B.P. Crill, F. Cuttaia, L. Danese, R.J. Davis, Paolo De Bernardis, G. De Gasperis, G. De Zotti, J. Delabrouille, C. Dickinson, J.M. Diego, H. Dole, S. Donzelli, O. Dore, U. Dorl, M. Douspis, X. Dupac, G. Efstathiou, T.A. Ensslin, H.K. Eriksen, F. Finelli, O. Forni, P. Fosalba, M. Frailis, E. Franceschi, S. Galeotta, K. Ganga, M. Giard, G. Giardino, Y. Giraud-Heraud, J. Gonzalez-Nuevo, K.M. Gorski, A. Gregorio, A. Gruppuso, F.K. Hansen, D. Harrison, S. Henrot-Versille, C. Hernandez-Monteagudo, D. Herranz, S.R. Hildebrandt, E. Hivon, M. Hobson, W.A. Holmes, T.R. Jaffe, A.H. Jaffe, T. Jagemann, W.C. Jones, M. Juvela, E. Keihanen, T.S. Kisner, R. Kneissl, J. Knoche, L. Knox, M. Kunz, N. Kurinsky, H. Kurki-Suonio, G. Lagache, A. Lahteenmaki, J.M. Lamarre, A. Lasenby, C.R. Lawrence, R. Leonardi, P.B. Lilje, M. Lopez-Caniego, J.F. Macias-Perez, D. Maino, N. Mandolesi, M. Maris, D.J. Marshall, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, Silvia Masi, M. Massardi, S. Matarrese, P. Mazzotta, Alessandro Melchiorri, L. Mendes, A. Mennella, S. Mitra, M.A. Miville-Deschenes, A. Moneti, L. Montier, G. Morgante, D. Mortlock, D. Munshi, J.A. Murphy, P. Naselsky, Federico Nati, P. Natoli, H.U. Nørgaard-Nielsen, H.U. Norgaard-Nielsen, F. Noviello, D. Novikov, I. Novikov, S. Osborne, F. Pajot, R. Paladini, D. Paoletti, B. Partridge, F. Pasian, G. Patanchon, O. Perdereau, L. Perotto, F. Perrotta, Francesco Piacentini, M. Piat, E. Pierpaoli, S. Plaszczynski, E. Pointecouteau, Gianluca Polenta, N. Ponthieu, L. Popa, T. Poutanen, G.W. Pratt, S. Prunet, J.L. Puget, J.P. Rachen, W.T. Reach, R. Rebolo, M. Reinecke, C. Renault, S. Ricciardi, T. Riller, I. Ristorcelli, G. Rocha, C. Rosset, M. Rowan-Robinson, J.A. Rubino-Martin, B. Rusholme, A. Sajina, M. Sandri, Giorgio Savini, D. Scott, G.F. Smoot, J.L. Starck, R. Sudiwala, A.S. Suur-Uski, J.F. Sygnet, J.A. Tauber, L. Terenzi, L. Toffolatti, M. Tomasi, M. Tristram, M. Tucci, M. Turler, L. Valenziano, B. Van Tent, P. Vielva, F. Villa, N. Vittorio, L.A. Wade, B.D. Wandelt, M. White, D. Yvon, A. Zacchei, and A. Zonca
Abstract: We make use of the Planck all-sky survey to derive number counts and spectral indices of extragalactic sources - infrared and radio sources - from the Planck Early Release Compact Source Catalogue (ERCSC) at 100 to 857 GHz (3mm to 350 mu m). Three zones (deep, medium and shallow) of approximately homogeneous coverage are used to permit a clean and controlled correction for incompleteness, which was explicitly not done for the ERCSC, as it was aimed at providing lists of sources to be followed up. Our sample, prior to the 80% completeness cut, contains between 217 sources at 100 GHz and 1058 sources at 857 GHz over about 12 800 to 16 550 deg(2) (31 to 40% of the sky). After the 80% completeness cut, between 122 and 452 and sources remain, with flux densities above 0.3 and 1.9 Jy at 100 and 857 GHz. The sample so defined can be used for statistical analysis. Using the multi-frequency coverage of the Planck High Frequency Instrument, all the sources have been classified as either dust-dominated (infrared galaxies) or synchrotron-dominated (radio galaxies) on the basis of their spectral energy distributions (SED). Our sample is thus complete, flux-limited and color-selected to differentiate between the two populations. We find an approximately equal number of synchrotron and dusty sources between 217 and 353 GHz; at 353 GHz or higher (or 217 GHz and lower) frequencies, the number is dominated by dusty (synchrotron) sources, as expected. For most of the sources, the spectral indices are also derived. We provide for the first time counts of bright sources from 353 to 857 GHz and the contributions from dusty and synchrotron sources at all HFI frequencies in the key spectral range where these spectra are crossing. The observed counts are in the Euclidean regime. The number counts are compared to previously published data (from earlier Planck results, Herschel, BLAST, SCUBA, LABOCA, SPT, and ACT) and models taking into account both radio or infrared galaxies, and covering a
Published: 2013

34. On the magnetic compression of electron beams in EBIS or EBIT

Author: G. Giardino, J. L. Bobin, and E. Mercier
Subjects: Physics, Radial velocity, Brillouin zone, Field (physics), Laminar flow, Electron, Atomic physics, Scaling, Beam (structure), Magnetic field
Abstract: Conditions for compression of a laminar nonrelativistic dense beam by an inhomogeneous magnetic field B are investigated theoretically and numerically. A generalized Brillouin regime is defined in which an efficient beam compression may proceed according to the scaling Br=const, provided the field undergoes slow variations: adiabaticity condition. The initial density profile and radial velocity are found critical for subsequent laminarity. >
Published: 2002

35. Towards a model of full-sky Galactic synchrotron intensity and linear polarisation: a re-analysis of the Parkes data

Author: K. Bennett, G. Giardino, A. J. Banday, Justin L. Jonas, J. A. Tauber, and Krzysztof M. Gorski
Subjects: Physics, Spectral index, media_common.quotation_subject, Astrophysics (astro-ph), Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, Spectral density, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Galactic plane, Synchrotron, Spectral line, law.invention, Space and Planetary Science, Sky, law, Multipole expansion, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common
Abstract: We have analysed the angular power spectra of the Parkes radio continuum and polarisation survey of the Southern galactic plane at 2.4 GHz. We have found that in the multipole range l=40-250 the angular power spectrum of the polarised intensity is well described by a power-law spectrum with fitted spectral index alpha_L = 2.37 +- 0.21. In the same multipole range the angular power spectra of the E and B components of the polarised signal are significantly flatter, with fitted spectral indices respectively of alpha_E = 1.57 +- 0.12 and alpha_B = 1.45 +- 0.12. Temperature fluctuations in the E and B components are mostly determined by variations in polarisation angle. We have combined these results with other data from available radio surveys in order to produce a full-sky toy model of Galactic synchrotron intensity and linear polarisation at high frequencies (> 10 GHz). This can be used to study the feasibility of measuring the Cosmic Microwave Background polarisation with forthcoming experiments and satellite missions., 17 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in A&A. Paper with higher quality images available at ftp://astro.esa.int/pub/synchrotron/paper.ps.gz
Published: 2002

36. Results from DROXO

Author: G. Giardino, F. Favata, I. Pillitteri, E. Flaccomio, G. Micela, and S. Sciortino
Subjects: Space and Planetary Science, Astronomy and Astrophysics
Published: 2009

37. Hollow Atoms and Interactions of Highly Charged Ions with Surfaces

Author: G. Giardino
Subjects: Auger electron spectroscopy, Materials science, Silicon, chemistry, Physics::Plasma Physics, Sputtering, Chemical physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, Atomic clock, Charged particle, Spectral line, Ion
Abstract: The interaction of highly charged particles (ions) with surfaces has been studied recently. The first experiments (1988) were mainly the study of the ejected electrons and the dynamics of the ions. The sputtering of the surface and the in-flight emission of the ion began in 1990. We present the methods and characteristics of the study of ion emissions using X-ray spectra during the approach and penetration of a surface. “Hollow atoms” formation and their “atomic clock” properties are described. Recent interesting results on interactions with Silicon lead to the “trampoline effect”.
Published: 1999

38. Image acceleration of highly charged ions on metal, semiconductor, and insulator surfaces

Author: C. Sébenne, V. Le Roux, G. Giardino, M. Froment, C. de Villeneuve, M. Eddrief, B. D'Etat-Ban, Gilles Borsoni, S. Thuriez, J.-P. Briand, Immunologie et chimie thérapeutiques (ICT), Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Research and Scientific Support Department, ESTEC (RSSD), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC), Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA)-Agence Spatiale Européenne = European Space Agency (ESA), Department of Earth Sciences [Houston], Rice University [Houston], Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies, Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique de la matière condensée (LPMC), and École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Physics, Valence (chemistry), Silicon, business.industry, Computer Science::Information Retrieval, chemistry.chemical_element, Insulator (electricity), Electron, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Metal semiconductor, Ion, Metal, Semiconductor, chemistry, Physics::Plasma Physics, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Atomic physics, business
Abstract: Very slow, highly charged ions impinging on metal surfaces are known to be accelerated by their image and to drop irremediably on the surfaces which they touch or slightly penetrate. We present experiments which demonstrate that above insulators or semiconductors, at normal incidence, the ions are backscattered at a certain distance from the surface and do not touch it. This finding is explained by the transient buildup of positive charges due to the removal of {ital valence} electrons, which overcome the acceleration of the ion by its own image. This effect is found to cancel out at grazing incidence. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Published: 1997

39. A 33 GHz polarimeter for observations of the cosmic microwave background

Author: L. Brunetti, G. Sironi, Massimo Gervasi, A. Passerini, F. Cavaliere, G. Boella, G. Bonelli, G. Giardino, Sironi, G, Boella, G, Bonelli, G, Brunetti, L, Cavaliere, F, Gervasi, M, Giardino, G, and Passerini, A
Subjects: Physics, Instrumentation polarimeters, Linear polarization, Cosmic microwave background, Techniques: polarimetric, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Polarimeter, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Radiation, Polarization (waves), FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Space and Planetary Science, Polarization, Degree of polarization, Anisotropy, Instrumentation, Circular polarization
Abstract: Attempts carried out in the past to detect linear or circular polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) radiation have produced only upper limits to the degree of polarization. These limits are at least two orders of magnitude above the expected value of few times 10(-6) or less, as suggested by models combined with the measured values of the CMB anisotropy. Because detection of polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background will improve our knowledge of the phenomena which accompanied the evolution of the Universe, we built a polarimeter whose sensitivity, 2.1/root t(s) mK, is sufficient to detect linear or circular polarization at level of few mu K. Details of the system are presented. A testing campaign carried out with a partial prototype of our polarimeter, in a noisy environment, gave an upper limit to the degree of linear polarization of the CMB on angular scales of 14 degrees of similar to 8 . 10(-5), comparable to the limits at similar angular scales so far published. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V.
Published: 1997

40. Planckearly results. I. ThePlanckmission

Author: P. A. R. Ade[82], N. Aghanim[54], M. Arnaud[68], M. Ashdown[66-4], J. Aumont[54], C. Baccigalupi[80], M. Baker[37], A. Balbi[31], A. J. Banday[89-9-73], R. B. Barreiro[62], J. G. Bartlett[3-64], E. Battaner[91], K. Benabed[55], K. Bennett[38], A. Benoît[53], J.-P. Bernard[89-9], M. Bersanelli[28-46], R. Bhatia[5], J. J. Bock[64-10], A. Bonaldi[42], J. R. Bond[6], J. Borrill[72-84], F. R. Bouchet[55], T. Bradshaw[79], M. Bremer[38], M. Bucher[3], C. Burigana[45], R. C. Butler[45], P. Cabella[31], C. M. Cantalupo[72], B. Cappellini[46], J.-F. Cardoso[69-3-55], R. Carr[35], M. Casale[35], A. Catalano[3-67], L. Cayón[21], A. Challinor[59-66-12], A. Chamballu[51], J. Charra[54], R.-R. Chary[52], L.-Y. Chiang[58], C. Chiang[20], P. R. Christensen[76-32], D. L. Clements[51], S. Colombi[55], F. Couchot[71], A. Coulais[67], B. P. Crill[64-77], G. Crone[38], M. Crook[79], F. Cuttaia[45], L. Danese[80], O. D'Arcangelo[63], R. D. Davies[65], R. J. Davis[65], P. de Bernardis[27], J. de Bruin[37], G. de Gasperis[31], A. de Rosa[45], G. de Zotti[42-80], J. Delabrouille[3], J.-M. Delouis[55], F.-X. Désert[49], J. Dick[80], C. Dickinson[65], K. Dolag[73], H. Dole[54], S. Donzelli[46-60], O. Doré[64-10], U. Dörl[73], M. Douspis[54], X. Dupac[36], G. Efstathiou[59], T. A. Enßlin[73], H. K. Eriksen[60], F. Finelli[45], S. Foley[37], O. Forni[89-9], P. Fosalba[56], M. Frailis[44], E. Franceschi[45], M. Freschi[36], T. C. Gaier[64], S. Galeotta[44], J. Gallegos[36], B. Gandolfo[37], K. Ganga[3-52], M. Giard[89-9], G. Giardino[38], G. Gienger[37], Y. Giraud-Héraud[3], J. González[35], J. González-Nuevo[80], K. M. Górski[64, 93], S. Gratton[66, 59], A. Gregorio[29], A. Gruppuso[45], G. Guyot[48], J. Haissinski[71], F. K. Hansen[60], D. Harrison[59-66], G. Helou[10], S. Henrot-Versillé[71], C. Hernández-Monteagudo[73], D. Herranz[62], S. R. Hildebrandt[10-70-61], E. Hivon[55], M. Hobson[4], W. A. Holmes[64], A. Hornstrup[14], W. Hovest[73], R. J. Hoyland[61], K. M. Huffenberger[92], A. H. Jaffe[51], T. Jagemann[36], W. C. Jones[20], J. J. Juillet[87], M. Juvela[19], P. Kangaslahti[64], E. Keihänen[19], R. Keskitalo[64-19], T. S. Kisner[72], R. Kneissl[34-5], L. Knox[23], M. Krassenburg[38], H. Kurki-Suonio[19-40], G. Lagache[54], A. Lähteenmäki[1-40], J.-M. Lamarre[67], A. E. Lange[52], A. Lasenby[4-66], R. J. Laureijs[38], C. R. Lawrence[64], S. Leach[80], J. P. Leahy[65], R. Leonardi[36-38-24], C. Leroy[54-89-9], P. B. Lilje[60-11], M. Linden-Vørnle[14], M. López-Caniego[62], S. Lowe[65], P. M. Lubin[24], J. F. Macías-Pérez[70], T. Maciaszek[7], C. J. MacTavish[66], B. Maffei[65], D. Maino[28-46], N. Mandolesi[45], R. Mann[81], M. Maris[44], E. Martínez-González[62], S. Masi[27], M. Massardi[42], S. Matarrese[26], F. Matthai[73], P. Mazzotta[31], A. McDonald[37], P. McGehee[52], P. R. Meinhold[24], A. Melchiorri[27], J.-B. Melin[13], L. Mendes[36], A. Mennella[28-44], C. Mevi[37], R. Miniscalco[37], S. Mitra[64], M.-A. Miville-Deschênes[54-6], A. Moneti[55], L. Montier[89-9], G. Morgante[45], N. Morisset[50], D. Mortlock[51], D. Munshi[82-59], A. Murphy[75], P. Naselsky[76-32], P. Natoli[30-2-45], C. B. Netterfield[16], H. U. Nørgaard-Nielsen[14], F. Noviello[54], D. Novikov[51], I. Novikov[76], I. J. O'Dwyer[64], I. Ortiz[35], S. Osborne[86], P. Osuna[35], C. A. Oxborrow[14], F. Pajot[54], R. Paladini[85, 10], B. Partridge[39], F. Pasian[44], T. Passvogel[38], G. Patanchon[3], D. Pearson[64], T. J. Pearson[10-52], O. Perdereau[71], L. Perotto[70], F. Perrotta[80], F. Piacentini[27], M. Piat[3], E. Pierpaoli[18], S. Plaszczynski[71], P. Platania[63], E. Pointecouteau[89-9], G. Polenta[2-43], N. Ponthieu[54], L. Popa[57], T. Poutanen[40-19-1], G. Prézeau[10-64], S. Prunet[55], J.-L. Puget[54], J. P. Rachen[73], W. T. Reach[90], R. Rebolo[61-33], M. Reinecke[73], J.-M. Reix[87], C. Renault[70], S. Ricciardi[45], T. Riller[73], I. Ristorcelli[89-9], G. Rocha[64-10], C. Rosset[3], M. Rowan-Robinson[51], J. A. Rubiño-Martín[61-33], B. Rusholme[52], E. Salerno[8], M. Sandri[45], D. Santos[70], G. Savini[78], B. M. Schaefer[88], D. Scott[17], M. D. Seiffert[64], P. Shellard[12], A. Simonetto[63], G. F. Smoot[22-72-3], C. Sozzi[63], J.-L. Starck[68-13], J. Sternberg[38], F. Stivoli[47], V. Stolyarov[4], R. Stompor[3], L. Stringhetti[45], R. Sudiwala[82], R. Sunyaev[73-83], J.-F. Sygnet[55], D. Tapiador[35], J. A. Tauber[38], D. Tavagnacco[44], D. Taylor[35], L. Terenzi[45], D. Texier[35], L. Toffolatti[15], M. Tomasi[28-46], J.-P. Torre[54], M. Tristram[71], J. Tuovinen[74], M. Türler[50], M. Tuttlebee[37], G. Umana[41], L. Valenziano[45], J. Valiviita[60], J. Varis[74], L. Vibert[54], P. Vielva[62], F. Villa[45], N. Vittorio[31], L. A. Wade[64], B. D. Wandelt[55-25], C. Watson[37], S. D. M. White[73], M. White[22], A. Wilkinson[65], D. Yvon[13], A. Zacchei[44], A. Zonca[24], Plank Collaboration, Universidad de Cantabria, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (NEEL - HELFA), Institut Néel (NEEL), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l'Information (LTCI), Télécom ParisTech-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique (LRI), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PLANCK, Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Baker, M., Balbi, A., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., Bartlett, J. G., Battaner, E., Benabed, K., Bennett, K., Benoît, A., Bernard, J. P., Bersanelli, M., Bhatia, R., Bock, J. J., Bonaldi, A., Bond, J. R., Borrill, J., Bouchet, F. R., Bradshaw, T., Bremer, M., Bucher, M., Burigana, C., Butler, R. C., Cabella, P., Cantalupo, C. M., Cappellini, B., Cardoso, J. F., Carr, R., Casale, M., Catalano, A., Cayón, L., Challinor, A., Chamballu, A., Charra, J., Chary, R. R., Chiang, L. Y, Chiang, C., Christensen, P. R., Clements, D. L., Colombi, S., Couchot, F., Coulais, A., Crill, B. P., Crone, G., Crook, M., Cuttaia, F., Danese, L., D'Arcangelo, O., Davies, R. D., Davis, R. J., de Bernardis, P., de Bruin, J., de Gasperis, G., de Rosa, A., de Zotti, G., Delabrouille, J., Delouis, J. M., Désert, F. X., Dick, J., Dickinson, C., Dolag, K., Dole, H., Donzelli, S., Doré, O., Dörl, U., Douspis, M., Dupac, X., Efstathiou, G., Enßlin, T. A., Eriksen, H. K., Finelli, F., Foley, S., Forni, O., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Freschi, M., Gaier, T. C., Galeotta, S., Gallegos, J., Gandolfo, B., Ganga, K., Giard, M., Giardino, G., Giraud Héraud, Y., González, J., González Nuevo, J., Górski, K. M., Gratton, S., Gregorio, Anna, Gruppuso, A., Guyot, G., Haissinski, J., Hansen, F. K., Harrison, D., Helou, G., Henrot Versillé, S., Hernández Monteagudo, C., Herranz, D., Hildebrandt, S. R., Hivon, E., Hobson, M., Holmes, W. A., Hornstrup, A., Hovest, W., Hoyland, R. J., Huffenberger, K. M., Jaffe, A. H., Jagemann, T., Jones, W. C., Juillet, J. J., Juvela, M., Kangaslahti, P., Keihänen, E., Keskitalo, R., Kisner, T. S., Kneissl, R., Knox, L., Krassenburg, M., Kurki Suonio, H., Lagache, G., Lähteenmäki, A., Lamarre, J. M., Lange, A. E., Lasenby, A., Laureijs, R. J., Lawrence, C. R., Leach, S., Leahy, J. P., Leonardi, R., Leroy, C., Lilje, P. B., Linden Vørnle, M., López Caniego, M., Lowe, S., Lubin, P. M., Macías Pérez, J. F., Maciaszek, T., Mactavish, C. J., Maffei, B., Maino, D., Mandolesi, N., Mann, R., Maris, M., Martínez González, E., Masi, S., Massardi, M., Matarrese, S., Matthai, F., Mazzotta, P., Mcdonald, A., Mcgehee, P., Meinhold, P. R., Melchiorri, A., Melin, J. B., Mendes, L., Mennella, A., Mevi, C., Miniscalco, R., Mitra, S., Miville Deschênes, M. A., Moneti, A., Montier, L., Morgante, G., Morisset, N., Mortlock, D., Munshi, D., Murphy, A., Naselsky, P., Natoli, P., Netterfield, C. B., Nørgaard Nielsen, H. U., Noviello, F., Novikov, D., Novikov, I., O'Dwyer, I. J., Ortiz, I., Osborne, S., Osuna, P., Oxborrow, C. A., Pajot, F., Paladini, R., Partridge, B., Pasian, F., Passvogel, T., Patanchon, G., Pearson, D., Pearson, T. J., Perdereau, O., Perotto, L., Perrotta, F., Piacentini, F., Piat, M., Pierpaoli, E., Plaszczynski, S., Platania, P., Pointecouteau, E., Polenta, G., Ponthieu, N., Popa, L., Poutanen, T., Prézeau, G., Prunet, S., Puget, J. L., Rachen, J. P., Reach, W. T., Rebolo, R., Reinecke, M., Reix, J. M., Renault, C., Ricciardi, S., Riller, T., Ristorcelli, I., Rocha, G., Rosset, C., Rowan Robinson, M., Rubiño Martín, J. A., Rusholme, B., Salerno, E., Sandri, M., Santos, D., Savini, G., Schaefer, B. M., Scott, D., Seiffert, M. D., Shellard, P., Simonetto, A., Smoot, G. F., Sozzi, C., Starck, J. L., Sternberg, J., Stivoli, F., Stolyarov, V., Stompor, R., Stringhetti, L., Sudiwala, R., Sunyaev, R., Sygnet, J. F., Tapiador, D., Tauber, J. A., Tavagnacco, Daniele, Taylor, D., Terenzi, L., Texier, D., Toffolatti, L., Tomasi, M., Torre, J. P., Tristram, M., Tuovinen, J., Türler, M., Umana, G., Valenziano, L., Valiviita, J., Varis, J., Vibert, L., Vielva, P., Villa, F., Vittorio, N., Wade, L. A., Wandelt, B. D., Watson, C., White, S. D. M., White, M., Wilkinson, A., Yvon, D., Zacchei, A., Zonca, A., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France (PCC), Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), HELFA - Hélium : du fondamental aux applications, Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Hélium : du fondamental aux applications (HELFA), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, and Helsinki Institute of Physics
Subjects: Experimental Physics, [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Computer science, Surveys, Cosmic background radiation, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, CMB physics, Space vehicles: instruments, Instrumentation: detectors, observations [Cosmology], Instrumentation, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, detectors [Instrumentation], QB, detectors, media_common, Planck ESA mission, Conjunction (astronomy), Cosmology: observations, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmology, observations, Early results, cosmic backround radiation, instruments, symbols, [SDU.ASTR.GA]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], cosmology: observations, cosmic background radiation, surveys, space vehicles: instruments, instrumentation: detectors, catalogs, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, space vehicles, cosmology, instrumentation, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [PHYS.ASTR.IM]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], media_common.quotation_subject, education, FOS: Physical sciences, Catalogs, Space vehicles, instruments [Space vehicles], [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, Planck, Early release, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Payload, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, 115 Astronomy, Space science, Catalogues, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, [SDU.ASTR.IM]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysic [astro-ph.IM], [PHYS.ASTR.GA]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.GA], Space and Planetary Science, Sky, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), Satellite
Abstract: 16 páginas, 14 figuras, 3 tablas.-- Planck Collaboration: et al., The European Space Agency’s Planck satellite was launched on 14 May 2009, and has been surveying the sky stably and continuously since 13 August 2009. Its performance is well in line with expectations, and it will continue to gather scientific data until the end of its cryogenic lifetime. We give an overview of the history of Planck in its first year of operations, and describe some of the key performance aspects of the satellite. This paper is part of a package submitted in conjunction with Planck’s Early Release Compact Source Catalogue, the first data product based on Planck to be released publicly. The package describes the scientific performance of the Planck payload, and presents results on a variety of astrophysical topics related to the sources included in the Catalogue, as well as selected topics on diffuse emission., The Planck Collaboration acknowledges the support of: ESA; CNES and CNRS/INSU-IN2P3-INP (France); ASI, CNR, and INAF (Italy); NASA and DoE (USA); STFC and UKSA (UK); CSIC, MICINN and JA (Spain); Tekes, AoF and CSC (Finland); DLR and MPG (Germany); CSA (Canada); DTU Space (Denmark); SER/SSO (Switzerland); RCN (Norway); SFI (Ireland); FCT/MCTES (Portugal); and DEISA (EU).
Published: 2011

41. Briandet al.Reply

Author: J. P. Briand, G. Giardino, G. Borsoni, S. Thuriez, C. Sébenne, M. Froment, and Mahmoud Eddrief
Subjects: ComputingMilieux_GENERAL, Physics, Auger electron spectroscopy, ComputingMilieux_THECOMPUTINGPROFESSION, Condensed matter physics, Binding energy, General Physics and Astronomy
Abstract: A Reply to the Comment by F. Aumayr {ital et al.} {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}
Published: 1997

42. [The vascular aponeurosis of the jugulo-carotid system and the lymphatic pathways in the spread of oral and alveolar-dental processes to the neck]

Author: G, GIARDINO and M, MASTURZO
Subjects: Carotid Arteries, Tooth Diseases, Humans, Disease, Arteries, Lymph Nodes, Jugular Veins, Tooth, Focal Infection, Neck
Published: 1953

43. Diagnostic importance of triple combined research, adaptometric, serum concentration of provitamin and vitamin A

Author: G, GIARDINO
Subjects: Vitamin K, Vitamins, Vitamin A, Carotenoids
Published: 1949

44. [Research on the fluoride content of the drinking water of Naples]

Author: G, GIARDINO and P, POLICE
Subjects: Fluorides, Water Supply, Drinking Water, Research, Phosphates
Published: 1954

45. [Origins, evolution and advancements of modern dentistry]

Author: G, GIARDINO
Subjects: History of Dentistry, Dentistry, Humans, Biological Evolution
Published: 1956

46. [Teratoma of the mandible]

Author: G, GIARDINO
Subjects: Mandibular Neoplasms, Neoplasms, Teratoma, Humans, Mandible
Published: 1951

47. Histological findings in dysvitaminosis A dermatosis

Author: G, GIARDINO
Subjects: Vitamin A Deficiency, Humans, Vitamin A, Skin Diseases
Published: 1949

48. [Thermal thalassotherapy for arthropathic psoriasis and psoriasis in the aged]

Author: G, Giardino
Subjects: Arthritis, Humans, Psoriasis, Climatotherapy, Aged
Published: 1966

49. [The primary neoplasms of the jaw]

Author: G, Giardino
Subjects: Maxillary Neoplasms, Mandibular Neoplasms
Published: 1965

50. A 5-GHz interferometer for microwave background studies

Author: P. J. Hernández-Gonzáles, R. J. Davis, E. J. Daintree, Simon J. Melhuish, James R. Hopkins, A. Morgan, R. D. Davies, and G. Giardino
Subjects: Physics, Interferometry, Optics, Space and Planetary Science, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Astronomy and Astrophysics, business, Methods observational, Remote sensing

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