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Abstract In this work the B-mesons differential cross sections in pp collisions are evaluated considering the color dipole formalism in transverse momentum representation along with the unintegrated gluon distributions (UGDs). Analytical parametrizations for UGDs including hard scale QCD evolution and those based on parton saturation framework are compared. The theoretical predictions for the B-meson production in terms of the transverse momentum distribution cover the center-of-mass energy of the Large Hadron Collider and the rapidities available at its experiments. The results for different B-mesons are compared to the corresponding measurements reported by the ATLAS, CMS, and LHCb experiments. Predictions are also performed for the nuclear modification factor as a function of the meson transverse momentum.

Abstract Many theories about dark matter have emerged due to its strong theoretical appeal in explaining astrophysical phenomena. However, experimental and theoretical particle physics have yet not provided evidence that dark matter is part of the observable Universe. Our work aims to investigate the interaction between Standard Model (SM) fermions and different species of dark matter (DM) particles in high-energy collisions through interaction of a new massive vector mediator, $$Z^{\prime }$$ Z ′ . The production of scalar and fermion DM pairs via fermion annihilation into the new vector boson is investigated near a resonance $$(m_{\chi }\sim M_{Z^{\prime }}/2)$$ ( m χ ∼ M Z ′ / 2 ) , where a SM signal from hard photon emission is considered as initial state radiation, namely a mono-photon production. Values of coupling constants between the DM and the SM particles are mapped in contrast to the Planck satellite data for thermal relic density DM computed in the correct framework for the relic density near a resonance, where a weaker suppression of the relic density is expected. We show for the CLIC and LHC kinematic regimes that certain mass ranges and coupling constants of these DM particles are in agreement with the expected relic density near a resonance and are not excluded by collider and astrophysical limits.

Abstract We derive the discovery potential of a leptophilic $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ , and a $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ rising from a $$SU(3)_C \times SU(3)_L \times U(1)_N$$ S U ( 3 ) C × S U ( 3 ) L × U ( 1 ) N symmetry at the Compact Linear Collider (CLIC), which is planned to host $$e^+e^-$$ e + e - collisions with 3 TeV center-of-mass energy. We perform an optimized selection cut strategy on the transverse momentum, pseudorapidity, and invariant mass of the dileptons in order to enhance the collider sensitivity. We find that CLIC can potentially reach a $$5\sigma $$ 5 σ signal of a $$1-5$$ 1 - 5 TeV leptophilic $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ with less than 1 fb $$^{-1}$$ - 1 of integrated luminosity in the most favorable cases. As for the $$Z^\prime $$ Z ′ belonging to a 3-3-1 symmetry, CLIC will offer a complementary probe with the potential to impose $$M_{Z^\prime } > 3$$ M Z ′ > 3 TeV with $${\mathcal {L}}=2$$ L = 2 fb $$^{-1}$$ - 1 .

Abstract A study of double charmed meson production in proton–proton and proton–nucleus collisions at the LHC energies is performed. Based on the color dipole formalism developed in the transverse momentum representation and the double parton scattering mechanism, predictions are made for the transverse momentum differential cross section for different pairs of D-mesons. The theoretical results consider the center-of-mass energy and forward rapidities associated to the measurements by the LHCb Collaboration. The results considering different unintegrated gluon distributions are presented and compared to data and predictions for proton–nucleus collisions are provided.

The Iberian Peninsula is characterized by a steep west–east moisture gradient at present, reflecting the dominance of maritime influences along the Atlantic coast and more Mediterranean-type climate further east. Holocene pollen records from the Peninsula suggest that this gradient was less steep during the mid-Holocene, possibly reflecting the impact of orbital changes on circulation and thus regional patterns in climate. Here, we use 7214 pollen samples from 117 sites covering part or all of the last 12 000 years to reconstruct changes in seasonal temperature and in moisture across the Iberian Peninsula quantitatively. We show that there is an increasing trend in winter temperature at a regional scale, consistent with known changes in winter insolation. However, summer temperatures do not show the decreasing trend through the Holocene that would be expected if they were a direct response to insolation forcing. We show that summer temperature is strongly correlated with plant-available moisture (α), as measured by the ratio of actual evapotranspiration to equilibrium evapotranspiration, which declines through the Holocene. The reconstructions also confirm that the west–east gradient in moisture was considerably less steep during the mid-Holocene than today, indicating that atmospheric circulation changes (possibly driven by orbital changes) have been important determinants of the Holocene climate of the region.

Eastern Africa has experienced strong climatic changes since the last deglaciation (15 000 years ago). The driving mechanisms and teleconnections of these spatially complex climate variations are yet not fully understood. Although previous studies on lake systems have enhanced our knowledge of Holocene precipitation variation in eastern Africa, relatively few studies have reconstructed the terrestrial temperature history of eastern Africa from lake archives. Here, we present (i) a new branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether (brGDGT) temperature calibration that includes Bale Mountains surface sediments and (ii) a quantitative record of mean annual air temperature (MAT) over the past 12 ka cal BP using brGDGTs in a sediment core collected from Garba Guracha (3950 m a.s.l.) in the Bale Mountains. After adding Bale Mountains surface sediment (n=11) data (Baxter et al., 2019) to the existing East African lake dataset, additional variation in 6-methyl brGDGTs was observed, which necessitated modifying the MBT5ME′ calibration (MBT denotes methylation of branched tetraethers) by adding 6-methyl brGDGT IIIa′ (resulting in the MBT Bale Mountains index, r2=0.93, p). Comparing the MBT5ME′ and the new MBT Bale Mountains index, our high-altitude Garba Guracha temperature record shows that warming occurred shortly after the Holocene onset when the temperature increased by more than 3.0 ∘C in less than 600 years. The highest temperatures prevailed between 9 and 6 ka cal BP, followed by a temperature decrease until 1.4 ka cal BP. The reconstructed temperature history is linked to supraregional climatic changes associated with insolation forcing and the African Humid Period (AHP), as well as with local anomalies associated with catchment deglaciation and hydrology.

Abstract The D-meson production is investigated by considering the unintegrated gluon distribution within the dipole approach in the momentum representation. We analyze the D-meson spectrum accounting for the effects of nonlinear behavior of the QCD dynamics which can be accordingly addressed in the dipole framework. The unintegrated gluon distribution is obtained by using geometric scaling property and the results are compared to the Glauber–Gribov framework. The absolute transverse momentum spectra and the nuclear modification ratios are investigated. Predictions are compared with the experimental measurements by the ALICE and LHCb Collaborations in pA collisions for different rapidity bins.

Charcoal accumulated in lake, bog or other anoxic sediments through time has been used to document the geographical patterns in changes in fire regimes. Such reconstructions are useful to explore the impact of climate and vegetation changes on fire during periods when human influence was less prevalent than today. However, charcoal records only provide semi-quantitative estimates of change in biomass burning. Here we derive quantitative estimates of burnt area from vegetation data in two stages. First, we relate the modern charcoal abundance to burnt area using a conversion factor derived from a generalised linear model of burnt area probability based on eight environmental predictors. Then, we establish the relationship between fossil pollen assemblages and burnt area using tolerance-weighted weighted averaging partial least-squares regression with a sampling frequency correction (fxTWA-PLS). We test this approach using the Iberian Peninsula as a case study because it is a fire-prone region with abundant pollen and charcoal records covering the Holocene. We derive the vegetation–burnt area relationship using the 31 records that have both modern and fossil charcoal and pollen data and then reconstruct palaeoburnt area for the 113 records with Holocene pollen records. The pollen data predict charcoal-derived burnt area relatively well (R2 = 0.44), and the changes in reconstructed burnt area are synchronous with known climate changes through the Holocene. This new method opens up the possibility of reconstructing changes in fire regimes quantitatively from pollen records, after regional calibration of the vegetation–burnt area relationship, in regions where pollen records are more abundant than charcoal records.

Sedimentary charcoal records are widely used to reconstruct regional changes in fire regimes through time in the geological past. Existing global compilations are not geographically comprehensive and do not provide consistent metadata for all sites. Furthermore, the age models provided for these records are not harmonised and many are based on older calibrations of the radiocarbon ages. These issues limit the use of existing compilations for research into past fire regimes. Here, we present an expanded database of charcoal records, accompanied by new age models based on recalibration of radiocarbon ages using IntCal20 and Bayesian age-modelling software. We document the structure and contents of the database, the construction of the age models, and the quality control measures applied. We also record the expansion of geographical coverage relative to previous charcoal compilations and the expansion of metadata that can be used to inform analyses. This first version of the Reading Palaeofire Database contains 1676 records (entities) from 1480 sites worldwide. The database (RPDv1b – Harrison et al., 2021) is available at https://doi.org/10.17864/1947.000345.

The production of D-mesons in high-energy pp collisions at the LHC kinematic regime is analyzed with the color dipole approach in the momentum representation. We present predictions for the D-meson differential cross section in terms of the transverse momentum and rapidity distributions taking into account the nonlinear behavior of the QCD dynamics. Comparison between our results and the corresponding experimental measurements reported by the ALICE and LHCb Collaborations in different rapidity bins is performed. We show that the D-meson production in the high energy limit can be properly addressed by using the QCD dipole transverse momentum distributions.

Reliable quantitative vegetation reconstructions for Europe during the Holocene are crucial to improving our understanding of landscape dynamics, making it possible to assess the past effects of environmental variables and land-use change on ecosystems and biodiversity, and mitigating their effects in the future. We present here the most spatially extensive and temporally continuous pollen-based reconstructions of plant cover in Europe (at a spatial resolution of 1° × 1°) over the Holocene (last 11.7 ka BP) using the ‘Regional Estimates of VEgetation Abundance from Large Sites’ (REVEALS) model. This study has three main aims. First, to present the most accurate and reliable generation of REVEALS reconstructions across Europe so far. This has been achieved by including a larger number of pollen records compared to former analyses, in particular from the Mediterranean area. Second, to discuss methodological issues in the quantification of past land cover by using alternative datasets of relative pollen productivities (RPPs), one of the key input parameters of REVEALS, to test model sensitivity. Finally, to validate our reconstructions with the global forest change dataset. The results suggest that the RPPs.st1 (31 taxa) dataset is best suited to producing regional vegetation cover estimates for Europe. These reconstructions offer a long-term perspective providing unique possibilities to explore spatial-temporal changes in past land cover and biodiversity.

Mountain glaciers have generally experienced an accelerated retreat over the last 3 decades as a rapid response to current global warming. However, the response to previous warm periods in the Holocene is not well-described for glaciers of the southern Europe mountain ranges, such as the Pyrenees. The situation during the Medieval Climate Anomaly (900–1300 CE) is particularly relevant since it is not certain whether the southern European glaciers just experienced significant ice loss or whether they actually disappeared. We present here the first chronological study of a glacier located in the Central Pyrenees (NE Spain), Monte Perdido Glacier (MPG), carried out by different radiochronological techniques and a comparison with geochemical proxies from neighbouring palaeoclimate records. The chronological model evidences that the glacier persisted during the Roman period and the Medieval Climate Anomaly. The apparent absence of ice in the past ∼ 600 years suggests that any ice accumulated during the Little Ice Age has since ablated. This interpretation is supported by measured concentrations of anthropogenic metals, including Zn, Se, Cd, Hg and Pb, which have concentrations well below those typical of industrial-age ice measured at other glaciers in Europe. This study strengthens the general understanding that warming of the past few decades has been exceptional for the past 2 millennia.

Introduction First-episode psychosis is a critical period for early interventions to reduce the risk of poor outcomes and relapse as much as possible. There are now many studies revealing the patterns of course in the short and medium terms, but uncertainties about the long-term outcomes of symptomatology remain to be ascertained. Objectives First, we ascertained whether the structure of psychopathological symptoms, dimensions and domains of psychopathology remains invariant over time between first-episode psychosis and long-term follow-up. Second, we analysed the changes in the interrelationships of psychopathological symptoms, dimensions and domains of psychopathology between FEP and long-term follow-up at three levels. Methods We performed network analysis to investigate first-episode and long-term stages of psychosis at three levels of analysis: micro, meso and macro. The sample was a cohort of 510 patients with first-episode psychoses from the SEGPEP study, who were reassessed at the long-term follow-up (n = 243). We used the Comprehensive Assessment of Symptoms and History (CASH) for their assessments. Results Our results showed a similar pattern of clustering between first episodes and long-term follow-up in seven psychopathological dimensions at the micro level, 3 and 4 dimensions at the meso level, and one at the macro level. They also revealed significant differences between first-episode and long-term network structure and centrality measures at the three levels. Conclusions Our findings suggest that disorganization symptoms have more influence in long-term stabilized patients. The main results of the current study add evidence to the hierarchical, dimensional and longitudinal structuring of first-episode psychoses. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Abstract A study on the prompt photon production within the QCD color dipole picture with emphasis in pp and pA collisions at the LHC energy regimes is performed. We present predictions for the differential cross section as a function of photon transverse momentum at different rapidity bins considering updated phenomenological color dipole models, which take into account the QCD gluon saturation physics. The results are directly compared to the recent experimental measurements provided by CMS and ATLAS Collaborations, showing a reasonable agreement in all rapidity bins with no free parameters. Special attention is given to the IPSAT model given its good description of the data in all rapidity bins from low- to high-$$p_{T}$$ pT ranges. As a result, a free-parameter approach has succeeded in describing the LHC data for prompt photon production, while new predictions for the 13-TeV data is presented in view of new data to confirm such prospect.

El Antropoceno puede considerarse como el origen de la configuración paisajística actual, y en relación a la vegetación, como el periodo en el que la intervención humana es el agente principal de los cambios que se producen de forma clara, intensa y permanente en el tiempo. En este trabajo se recopilan y comparan datos de secuencias palinológicas y de microcarbones, ocupaciones de yacimientos arqueológicos y dataciones de paleoincendios localizados en el Pirineo Central, además de información documental, exponiendo una reflexión sobre las supuestas evidencias que promulgan una deforestación temprana y el uso del fuego de origen antrópico como señal inequívoca de intervención humana y surgimiento de los paisajes culturales desde hace milenios. En realidad, lo que se constata es una alta diversidad temporal y espacial entre todos los indicios, y sólo a partir de la Baja Edad Media (últimos 700 años, 1300 AD), los indicadores y valores de los mismos ofrecen auténtico consenso sobre el inicio de cambios consistentes y duraderos que marcarían el inicio del Antropoceno.

Introduction Cognitive impairment is a core feature of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders and executive deficits are within the most impaired cognitive functions The Wisconsin Card Sorting test (WCST) has been extensively used in literature on schizophrenia and psychosis. The underlying structure of executive impairment may have important implications for our understanding of the complex connections between executive dysfunction and the psychopathology and neurofunctional basis of psychosis. Objectives The objective was to empirically validate the dimensions of the WCST network structure of patients regarding antecedent, concurrent and outcome variables. Methods Subjects were 298 patients with a DSM 5 diagnosis of psychotic disorder. To assess the empirical validation of network structure of the WCST antecedent, concurrent and outcome variables were selected from the CASH interview and other scales of patients. Results Pearson coefficient correlations between the 4 network loadings (NL) of WCST, namely perseveration, inefficient sorting, failure to maintain the set and learning, and antecedent, concurrent and outcome validators are shown in the table. PER and IS showed common and strong associations with antecedent, concurrent and outcome validators. LNG dimension was also moderately associated and FMS did not show significant associations. Conclusions ‘Perseveration’ and ‘Inefficient sorting’ dimensions achieve and share common antecedent, concurrent and outcome validators. While ‘Learning’ dimension achieves partial validation in terms of antecedent and outcome validators and ‘Failure to maintain the set’ dimension was not associated with external validators. These four underlying dysfunctions might help to disentangle the neurofunctional basis of executive deficits in psychosis.

Introduction Even though cognitive impairment is considered a hallmark of schizophrenia, it has not been included as a criterion into major diagnostic systems. Objectives To test whether a set of clinical-defined cognitive impairment criteria can have utility in the assessment of psychosis patients in clinical practice. Methods We assessed 98 patients with a psychotic disorder, diagnosed using DSM 5 criteria. We developed a set of cognitive impairment associated with psychosis (CIAPs) criteria following the format of current DSM criteria and based on previous literature. The CIAPs criteria include: A) criterion for evidence of cognitive impairment after the beginning of illness; B) cognitive impairment clinically evidenced, affecting functioning in everyday activities in at least two out of six cognitive domains; C) and D) exclusion criterion for either delirium or other neurocognitive disorders, respectively, as causal agents of the cognitive impairment. The psychosis patients dichotomized by the CIAPs criteria were tested regarding the neuropsychological performance in attention, speed of processing, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive function and social cognition tasks. Also a Global Cognitive Index was calculated. Results Forty-three patients with psychosis fulfilled the CIAPs criteria (43.9%). MANOVA profile analyses revealed a pattern of statistically significant deficits in all the cognitive dimensions except for social cognition in CIAPs+ patients regarding CIAPS-, with prominent deficits in processing speed and memory functions. Conclusions The CIAPs criteria could be an auxiliary method for clinicians to assess cognitive impairment. It may also permit clinical estimation of the influence of cognitive deficits on the ecological functioning of patients. Conflict of interest This work was supported by the Government of Navarra (grants 17/31, 18/41, 87/2014) and the Carlos III Health Institute (FEDER Funds) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (14/01621 and 16/02148). Both had no further role in the study des

Introduction Cognitive deficits are common, clinically relevant and closely linked to poor functional outcomes in everyday functioning in patients with schizophrenia and other psychoses. Objectives To ascertain to which extent a polydiagnostic assessment of schizophrenia is associated with clinically-derived criteria of cognitive impairment and gold-standard neuropsychological assessment. Methods We assessed 98 patients with a psychotic disorder. We tested if patients met criteria for schizophrenia according to five diagnostic classifications: Krapelin, Bleuler, Schneider, ICD-10 and DSM-IV. Also, we applied a set of clinically-derived criteria to assess cognitive impairment associated with psychosis (CIAPs). Gold-standard neuropsychological assessment was administered, covering the cognitive domains included in the MATRICS Cognitive Battery: attention, processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, executive function and social cognition. MANOVAs were performed to test the association between polydiagnostic and clinically-derived criteria and neuropsychological assessment. Results MANOVA profile analyses revealed that patients who met CIAPs criteria showed cognitive impairment in all the cognitive domains except for social cognition. Patients diagnosed with Kraepelin’s criteria showed significant differences in processing speed, visual memory, working memory and GCI. Patients fulfilling Bleuler and DSM-IV criteria showed significant deficits in processing speed and verbal memory, respectively. Schneider and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria did not reveal differences in cognition between patients who fulfilled these criteria. Conclusions CIAPs criteria were the most accurate classifying patients with cognitive impairment, followed by Kraepelin’s criteria, which were the ones among diagnostic criteria which better differentiated patients regarding cognitive impairment. These criteria take into consideration the outcome in addition to symptoms. Disclosure This work was supported by the Government of Navarra (grants 17/31, 18/41, 87/2014) and the Carlos III Health Institute (FEDER Funds) from the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (14/01621 and 16/02148). Both had no further role in the study des

Introduction Psychopathological symptoms and cognitive impairment are core features of patients with psychotic disorders. Executive dysfunctions are within the most commonly observed deficits and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST) is the test most extensively used for their assessment. Yet, the structure of executive deficits remains unclear, as there may be different underlying processes. Objectives The study’s aims were to explore and compare the network structure of the WCST measures in psychosis and their unaffected siblings. Methods Subjects were 298 patients with a DSM 5 diagnosis of psychotic disorder and 89 of their healthy siblings. The dimensionality and network structure of the 13 WCST measures were examined by means of the Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and centrality parameters. Results The WCST network structure comprised 4 dimensions: Perseveration (PER), Inefficient sorting (IS), Failure to maintain set (FMS) and Learning (LNG). Patient and sibling groups showed a similar network structure and in both cases the network structure was reliably estimated. Conclusions Perseveration measures reflect the inability to switch sorting rules when necessary. Scores for the IS dimension can occur when the subject ineffectively tries to test different sorting hypotheses, changing at random the response. FMS reflects the subject’s strategy when he/she is able to find out the sorting rule, but is unable to keep applying that rule long enough. LNG comprised conceptual ability and learning items. The lack of significant difference between network structures is in keeping with results from exploratory and confirmatory studies demonstrating an invariant cognitive factor structure between schizophrenia patients and their unaffected siblings.

En diciembre de 2012, se celebraron las primeras Jornadas IPErinas, reunión que permitió compartir al personal del Instituto Pirenaico de Ecología (CSIC), muchos de los trabajos de investigación que actualmente se están llevando a cabo por los distintos grupos del centro. Estas Jornadas surgieron de la necesidad de compartir y difundir los principales objetivos y resultados más relevantes de nuevas líneas de investigación desarrolladas actualmente en el centro, como parte fundamental de la comunicación científica y transferencia de conocimiento a la sociedad. Bajo estas líneas, se presenta una reseña de la las primeras Jornadas IPErinas, a través de un breve resumen de las charlas presentadas.

Solar microwave fluctuations on 15.0 GHz, 9.5 GHz and 6.7 GHz observed at CUBA station were studied from three days before to one day after the 4B/X13 solar flare of October 19, 1989. Periodograms show a displacement of the main period from 60 to 80 min and an increase in amplitude of the 20 min period as compared to the periodogram for October 4, 1989. Time evolution for each frecuency shows greater stability in the 6.7 GHz signal and on the days closer to the flare. Fluctuations are attributed to a downward flux of heated plasma which excites eigenmode oscillations of vertical magnetic tubes anchored to the photosphere in the active region where the flare occurred.

Most unsuccessful palynological work is never published. As a consequence, pollen analysts waste time re-processing sterile sediments, and the available literature exhibits a uniformly positive record of success in pollen extraction. Here we report failures with Quaternary pollen analyses in the Iberian Peninsula; that is, case studies where it was not possible to extract palynomorphs for pollen counting. Both totally sterile and partially sterile sites are considered. Sites and perspectives for future studies are suggested. The majority of the failed studies are open-air archaeological and palaeontological sites, caves and rockshelters, but there are prominent cases of success. Peat bogs have provided positive results, but only with sequences formed under continuous sedimentation processes in marshy environments. Lakes are often successful sites, but a multi-core strategy, following the facies change along a transect from the shore to the depositional centre, is recommended for saline lacustrine deposits, salt marshes and lagoons, especially when there is evidence of temporary desiccation. Cave and rockshelter infills should be considered case-by-case, and these sites definitely require a palyno-taphonomical approach to post-depositional processes. Indurated deposits are sometimes surprising in their high pollen concentration, but one must be prepared for sterility. Coprolites have been insufficiently exploited, and offer a great potential, especially those of Pleistocene Crocuta. This article shows that venturing into sediments assumed a priori to be 'difficult', like fluvial terraces, slope deposits, speleothems, cave travertines, and palaeosols, may nevertheless be successful. A summary is proposed of the various factors causing sterility, before, during and after sedimentation.

Os autores desenvolvem neste trabalho um modelo de intervenção em saúde escolar, reforçando a vantagem da realização dum exame global de saúde no final da idade pré- escolar. Foi feito um levantamento dos objectivos gerais pedagógicos definidos para a educação pré-escolar, dos objectivos da Educação para a Saúde Pré-Escolar e reflectiram sobre a intervenção adequada e articulada em crianças com necessidades educativas especiais, não só no que concerne a necessidades específicas resultantes do tipo e grau de deficiência, mas também na prevenção de outra pro- blemática emergente. Um desenvolvimento harmonioso apela à precocidade da intervenção educativa e à necessidade de se realizar acções de educação para a saúde no jardim de infância.