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ICT-based education system refers to the education system which is based on “Information and Communication Technologies”. The use of ICT in the education system is very effective and efficient to enhance the engagement of the students towards their learning. The use of modern technology in the education system helps to enhance the productivity of the students. Therefore, the usage of technology in the education system of India is increasing day by day. There are several services of ICT-based education systems and among them cloud computing is one of the most important services for developing education systems. Thereafter cloud computing is a networking and technology-based process which help students to learn together. During the covid-19 pandemic situation the Government of India has declared a certain stoppage of the education system in the country and people had to maintain social isolation at the time. Moreover, the use of ICT-based education systems and cloud computing processes help the students to continue their education during the pandemic. Thus, the usage of cloud computing processes and ICT in the education system has mostly increased during the pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of this specific research article is to analyse the effectiveness of ICT-based education systems using cloud computing for research programs during the pandemic situation in India. The concept of ICT-based education system and cloud computing is analysed in this specific research article properly. Apart from that the usage of ICT based education system and soft computing for research programs is also analysed please research study. There are different types of cloud computing services and its impact on the education system is also different. Therefore, all the cloud computing services analysed below in this research article appropriately. The researcher has adopted several methods and techniques to gain more knowledge and information about ICT-based education systems and cloud computing. Thereafter, the researcher has adopted the primary techniques for gathering data and uses the quantitative method to analyse all the collected data in this research article properly. Thus, the impact of pandemic and cloud computing on the education system is analysed in the research article.

Automatic functional tests are a long-standing issue in software development projects, and they are still carried out manually. The Selenium testing framework has gained popularity as an active community and standard environment for automated assessment of web applications. As a result, the trend setting of web services is evolving on a daily basis, and there is a need to improve automatic testing. The study involves to make the system to understand the experiences of previous test cases and apply new cases to predict the status of test case using Tanh activated Clustering and Classification model (TACC). The primary goal is to improve the model's clustering and classification output. The outcomes show that the TACC model has increased performance and demonstrated that automated testing results can be predicted, which is cost effective and reduces manual effort to a greater extent.

Selenium stands as open-source program apparatus aimed at computerization testing. Here, selenium-IDE (Integrated Developments Environment) Testing is investigated, which could be a remarkably vital movement in Program Improvement Handle. It is to look at and alter source code. A high-quality computer program can well be achieved by producing Compelling Testing. This Paper handles a critical in addition to the crucial issue of Program Testing. Testing can well be executed both manually and automatically. This paper sets to do Mechanization Testing through "Selenium". Test cases (TC) are consequently recorded with this web testing tool whilst the analyzer is entering the information in a web application screen.

Composite materials made up of natural fiber have gained more importance in automobile industries due to their lightweight, non-abrasive properties, fair cost, and environmental friendliness. The chemical treatment on the fiber surface enhances the individual fiber mechanical property which leads to the same benefits in the composite preparation too. In this study, an attempt was carried out to analyze the chemical treated composite over untreated composite. The reinforcement fiber veldt grape and matrix resin polylactic acid was chosen for composite preparation. By the two roll mill followed by compression molding technique the untreated and chemical treated composites were prepared. The mechanical properties tensile, flexural, impact, water absorption tests were performed on untreated and chemical-treated composites. The morphological analysis was performed on both untreated and chemical-treated fiber composites by scanning electron microscope. The chemical-treated composite is observed to have considerably increased favorable mechanical properties than the untreated fiber composite. The morphology of the chemical-treated fiber composite is seen to have superior interaction with the fiber matrix.

Introduction: The most common ligament injured in knee is anterior cruciate ligament. This ligament is related to stability, prevention of excessive rotation and forward motion of knee. Accurate reconstruction should be done to achieve excellent functional outcome. Objectives: The main aim was to assess the functional outcome of arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using hamstring tendon auto graft. Also the study intended to describe early weight bearing and early mobilisation and rapid rehabilitation for good clinical recovery after surgery. Methodology: The study was done among 40 subjects who were between 18yrs to 50yrs, with ACL deficient knees, associated menisci injuries. The subjects excluded were having severe co-morbidities, multi ligament injuries and previously operated knee. The Patients were assessed with the IKDC score and single hop test preoperatively and after 6 months. Results: In the study 1 subject didn’t return to pre injury activity level and other 39 came back to pre injury activity level. In the study IKDC score and single hop test after 6 months showed a higher mean in comparison to pre operative evaluation. Conclusion: The technique of ACL reconstruction offers a normal or near normal function and pre and post operative outcome is improved by IKDC score or single hop test

This paper investigates the behavior of Doubled skinned (DSCFT) composite hollow columns with steel tubes compressed under concentric axial loads. The DSCFT member is a new type of composite construction, which consists of two concentric steel tubes with geoploymer concrete sandwiched between them. Thus, DSCFT columns have a series of advantages, such as high strength, high bending stiffness, good seismic and fire performance, and also having favorable construction ability. The finite element analysis of the DSCFT circular column is conducted to validate the finite element model. The results obtained from the finite element investigation are compared with the strength values predicted using existing formulations in the analytical investigation. A good correlation was found between the values obtained.

Hospital patient record that is stored in public cloud demands high level of security and access control. To guarantee the proper user access, an authentication scheme is required that can follow up data access. In this paper, counter based authentication verification is introduced. This method utilizes token generation and counter strategy. Elliptic curve based digital signature is employed in token generation. Along with the generated token, the data is encrypted and a counter value is appended to it. Whenever an authorized user views or modifies the stored data, the counter value is updated. Thus, this method significantly identifies an unauthorized data access.

Monel K-500 is a Nickel based super alloy which have superlative properties such as high strength, resistance to corrosion, retention of mechanical properties at service temperature and structural stability. It finds wide application in aerospace application, nuclear reactor, gas turbines, submarines, combustion engine exhaust valve, petro chemical components, heat exchanger, etc. However, during machining of super alloys, difficulties are there due to its low thermal conductivity and work hardening effect. Challenges in conventional machining can be minimized by using suitable machining as well as process parameters. Among the different machining processes, not much work has been initiated on drilling of above super alloys. Normally, drilled holes are used in screws, bolts, shafts, steam pipes, fitting of furniture and other equipments. By considering the applications and difficulties in machining of super alloys, drilling experiment is selected on Monel K-500. Experiments were conducted as per Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array using process parameters such as different drill tool material, drilling speed, feed and cutting fluids and Surface roughness and MRR values were measured as output responses. Effect of selected process parameters on the above machinability responses were analyzed. Optimum process parameters were identified to improve the machinability of Monel K-500.

Hamstring tendon autograft remains a popular graft choice nowadays. Knee pain after surgery has decreased very much than patellar tendon graft and recovery was also feasier and faster. Biomechanically stronger also compared to patellar tendon graft. Extensive search of articles were done in PUBMED, Google scholar and reference checking. We concluded that quadrupled hamstring tendon graft gives an excellent outcome by assessing with IKDC scoring.

In a general braking system 6-wheeler vehicle two brake shoes are used in each wheel. The pressure applied is equal on both sides and friction force is high. Hence the loss of brake shoe life is also decreased. Whenever a sudden brake is applied, skidding problem occurs. As a result heat and stress distribution is also found to be uneven. The strength of the brake shoe material is increased so as to have an increased stress and displacement. Heat and stress distribution are always uniform. It gives a safety drive to the driver and passenger.

We use three micromechanics approaches, namely, the method of cells (MoCs), the Fourier series approach (FSA) and the transformation field analysis (TFA) to delineate the sensitivity of their predictions to changes in the unit cell configuration. The three approaches are formulated to have identical final expressions relating the local sub-cell strains to the homogenized strains in the unit cell. The cubic-edge, the hexagonal close-packed and the cubic-diagonal unit cell configurations are employed to study the elasto-plastic response of a Boron-Aluminum fiber reinforced composite under transverse loading, and compare present results with Brockenbrough et al.’s findings who used the finite element method . The elasto-plastic response predicted from the cubic-edge unit-cell shows the most hardening while that from the cubic-diagonal unit-cell the least hardening. Of the three approaches employed, the elasto-plastic response predicted by the MoCs is closest to that of Brockenbrough et al. The effect of fiber cross section on the elasto-plastic response analyzed using only the TFA approach is found to be significant for both elastic constants and plastic hardening.

Pyridoxal 5́-phosphate (PLP) is an important cofactor for amino acid decarboxylases with many biological functions, including the synthesis of signalling molecules, such as serotonin, dopamine, histamine, γ-aminobutyric acid, and taurine. Taurine is an abundant amino acid with multiple physiological functions, including osmoregulation, pH regulation, antioxidative protection, and neuromodulation. In mammalian tissues, taurine is mainly produced by decarboxylation of cysteine sulphinic acid to hypotaurine, catalysed by the PLP-dependent cysteine sulphinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), followed by oxidation of the product to taurine. We determined the crystal structure of mouse CSAD and compared it to other PLP-dependent decarboxylases in order to identify determinants of substrate specificity and catalytic activity. Recognition of the substrate involves distinct side chains forming the substrate-binding cavity. In addition, the backbone conformation of a buried active-site loop appears to be a critical determinant for substrate side chain binding in PLP-dependent decarboxylases. Phe94 was predicted to affect substrate specificity, and its mutation to serine altered both the catalytic properties of CSAD and its stability. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, we further showed that CSAD presents open/close motions in solution. The structure of apo-CSAD indicates that the active site gets more ordered upon internal aldimine formation. Taken together, the results highlight details of substrate recognition in PLP-dependent decarboxylases and provide starting points for structure-based inhibitor design with the aim of affecting the biosynthesis of taurine and other abundant amino acid metabolites.

Magnetic moulding is a relatively lesser-known process used for casting of metallic materials. The conventional magnetic moulding set up has certain shortcomings, due to heat transfer from the molten metal to the container wall through the steel balls; simultaneously heat is generated from the container wall due to Joule Thomson heating from the current-carrying copper coils, leading to the possibility of stagnation in heat transfer and thereby retarding the heat carried away to the steel balls. In order to overcome this, the current work deals with, the conventional magnetic moulding set up modified with water circulating jacket, so as to enhance the heat transfer, which is expected to improve the solidification rate and hence have control over the grain size of the cast products.

The paper proposes a classification algorithm based on support tensor machines which finds the maximum margin between the tensor spaces. The proposed algorithm has been deployed to classify erythemato-squamous diseases (ESDs) with the help of its features. Features are derived from the skin lesion images of ESDs, and it has been represented as second-order tensors, i.e., $$ \varvec{X} \in \varvec{ }{\mathbb{R}}^{\varvec{n}} $$ can be transformed into $$ \varvec{X} \in \,\varvec{ }{\mathbf{\Re }}^{{\varvec{n}_{1} }} \,\varvec{ } \otimes \,{\mathbf{\Re }}^{{\varvec{n}_{2} }} $$ where $$ n_{1} \times n_{2} \cong n $$. After deriving the features from the skin lesion images, dominant features are extracted using Tucker tensor decomposition method. Most of the existing machine learning algorithms depend on the vector-based learning models, and these algorithms suffer from the data overfitting problem. To resolve this problem, in this paper, tensor-based learning is implemented for classification. Proposed algorithm is evaluated with the real-time dataset (Xie et al. in: He, Liu, Krupinski, Xu (eds) Health information science, Springer, Berlin, 2012), and higher classification accuracy of 99.93–100% is achieved. The acquired results are compared with the existing machine learning algorithms, and it drives home the point that the proposed algorithm provides higher classification accuracy.

Three micromechanics approaches (method of cells, Fourier series analysis, and transformation field analysis) are formulated so that the final expressions relating the local sub-cell strain to the homogenized macro-strain in a unit cell are similar, although the three techniques and assumptions made to deduce them are different. This allows for a direct comparison of the three methods, and, more importantly, enables one to use the same algorithm for solving equations after the strain concentration and the strain transformation matrices have been determined from the three methods. Elastic constants found from the three approaches compare well with each other, and with those experimentally found. The micromechanics approaches are embedded in a finite element scheme to study elasto-plastic deformations of fiber-reinforced composites. The three sets of the axial stress-axial strain curves are found to correlate well with each other, and with the experimental ones. We use these micromechanics approaches to determine strains in each sub-cell from the macro-strains (i.e., dehomogenize global strains into local strains), find stresses in each constituent or sub-cell, and then employ the micromechanics technique to find macro-stresses (i.e., homogenize stresses) and stiffnesses.

Cervical cancer is the major cancer affecting women and is growing at a very significant rate. One of the major challenges in treatment of cervical cancer is its detection in early stages. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infections are the major causes of cervical cancer that risks precancerous cell to cervical cancer cells. Gene-based DNA nanobiosensor is designed to capture the cancer specific antigen and helps in screening process of cancer patients. In this work, a nanobiosensor is designed using Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) and the signal conditioning circuits designed are interfaced with the sensor for amplifying the bio potential generated with the chemical reaction of the antigen with the antibody placed over the CNTFET channel. The sensor array is designed to have 64 cells that are configured into three categories such as core, periphery and middle sensors to increase the sensitivity of cell detection. Three reference voltages are generated from the current reference circuit for biasing the bottom gates of CNTFETs that produce maximum current due to the electro potential changes in the top gate. The corresponding voltages are further processed to detect the presence of analyte concentration and the sensitivity of the designed sensor array is found to be 130 μA/V. Keywords: Bio sensor, CNTFET, Sensor array, Cervical cancer, HPV

Little Andaman, the fourth largest island in the Andaman group of islands of India, was severely affected by the December 26, 2004, Indian Ocean tsunami generated by massive earthquake of moment magnitude 9.3 Mw which devastated the Andaman and Nicobar group of islands causing heavy damage to life and property. Due to hostile terrain conditions not much information was available on the extent of inundation and run-up along the island except for Hut Bay region. In order to study the vulnerability of the island to tsunami hazard, the inundation in the island due to the 2004 tsunami was studied using TUNAMI N2 numerical model and ENVISAT ASAR datasets. The extent of inundation derived from the SAR imagery was compared using the RTK-GPS field survey points collected in the Hut Bay regions immediately after the 2004 tsunami. The extent of inundation obtained from SAR images for the entire island was compared with inundation obtained from model. It was observed that the inundation obtained from the model matched well with inundation extent from SAR imagery for nearshore regions, while for low-lying areas and creeks large deviations were observed. In the absence of field datasets, the inundation derived from SAR imagery would be effective in providing ground data to validate the numerical models which can then be run for multiple scenarios for disaster mitigation and planning operation in areas that have hostile terrain conditions.

Relay emergency valves are typical pneumatic flow control valves which are primarily used in air brake vehicles to speed up the application and release of rear axle(s) brakes. This valve will also have additional provision to apply the trailer brake automatically in the event of accidental decoupling of trailer. The relay emergency valve will graduate, hold, and release of air pressure from the brake chambers to which it is connected. The relay emergency valve is used to reduce the response time of brake applications on heavy-duty vehicles. In order to achieve higher valve response, the valve should yield high flow rate for a wide range of operating pressures. Higher flow output can be achieved with the minimum flow restriction in the valves. To achieve different product functions, the assembly will have subparts like piston, springs, seals, etc. which will restrict the flow passage. To achieve high flow rate without sacrificing the product function, the valve flow area should be maximum. Hence, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) can be utilized as a useful design tool to optimize the flow area of relay emergency valves and also to study the effect of flow restrictions. This paper covers the optimization of the flow path by finding the nominal flow diameters as per ISO 6358. A thorough CFD analysis with several design iterations of the valve has been made to improve and finalize the nominal flow diameter with the required flow rate at the outlet to meet the design requirements. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the experiments.

The process of information security entails securing the information by transferring it through the networks preventing the data from attacks. This way of securing the information is known as cryptography. The perspective of converting the plain-text into nonunderstandable format is known as cryptography that could be possible using certain cryptography algorithms. The security could not be offered by the conventional cryptographic algorithms that lacks in their security for the huge amount of growing data, which could be easily broken by the intruders for their malicious activities. This gives rise to the new cryptographic algorithm known as DNA computing that could strengthen the information security, which does not provide any intruders to get authorized to confidential data. The proposed DNA symmetric cryptography enhances information security. The results reveal that encryption process carried out on plain-text is highly secured.

Most of the swarm optimization techniques are inspired by the characteristics as well as behaviour of flock of birds whereas Artificial Bee Colony is based on the foraging characteristics of the bees. However, certain problems which are solved by ABC do not yield desired results in-terms of performance. ABC is a new devised swarm intelligence algorithm and predominately employed for optimization of numerical problems. The main reason for the success of ABC algorithm is that it consists of feature such as fathomable and flexibility when compared to other swarm optimization algorithms and there are many possible applications of ABC. Cloud computing has their limitation in their application and functionality. The cloud computing environment experiences several security issues such as Dos attack, replay attack, flooding attack. In this paper, an effective classifier is proposed based on Artificial Bee Colony for cloud computing. It is evident in the evaluation results that the proposed classifier achieved a higher accuracy rate.

Homogenization of mechanical properties of a heterogeneous material using analytical/semi-analytical micromechanics approaches is computationally less expensive than that through numerical techniques. However, analytical methods cannot be easily applied to a complex distribution of the microstructure in a unit cell (or a representative volume element). Here, we alleviate this by accommodating cuboidal and wedge shaped sub-volumes in the Fourier series approach (FSA). This is akin to using penta- and hexa-hedral elements to discretize the geometry in 3-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). The technique is applied to study the elasto-plastic response of unidirectional fiber/yarn-reinforced composites with square, circular and star shaped fibers to transverse loading. It is shown that (i) predicted transverse elastic modulus and the shear moduli are sensitive to the fiber shape and the unit cell configuration, (ii) the stress–strain curves for the homogenized composite agree with those reported in the literature found by using the FEA, and (iii) the presently computed elastic constants for plain and 2/2 twill weave fabrics are close to those found by other methods and deduced from the test data. A linear softening model based on plasticity approach is implemented within the FSA to predict failure and progressive softening in the yarn and the resin. It captures the nonlinear response and provides the ultimate strength under tensile loading.

Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is a multi‐domain, homo‐oligomeric enzyme that catalyses the rate‐limiting step of catecholamine neurotransmitter biosynthesis. Missense variants of human TH are associated with a recessive neurometabolic disease with low levels of brain dopamine and noradrenaline, resulting in a variable clinical picture, from progressive brain encephalopathy to adolescent onset DOPA‐responsive dystonia (DRD). We expressed isoform 1 of human TH (hTH1) and its dystonia‐associated missense variants in E. coli, analysed their quaternary structure and thermal stability using size‐exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism, multi‐angle light scattering, transmission electron microscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering and assayed hydroxylase activity. Wild‐type (WT) hTH1 was a mixture of enzymatically stable tetramers (85.6%) and octamers (14.4%), with little interconversion between these species. We also observed small amounts of higher order assemblies of long chains of enzyme by transmission electron microscopy. To investigate the role of molecular assemblies in the pathogenesis of DRD, we compared the structure of WT hTH1 with the DRD‐associated variants R410P and D467G that are found in vicinity of the predicted subunit interfaces. In contrast to WT hTH1, R410P and D467G were mixtures of tetrameric and dimeric species. Inspection of the available structures revealed that Arg‐410 and Asp‐467 are important for maintaining the stability and oligomeric structure of TH. Disruption of the normal quaternary enzyme structure by missense variants is a new molecular mechanism that may explain the loss of TH enzymatic activity in DRD. Unstable missense variants could be targets for pharmacological intervention in DRD, aimed to re‐establish the normal oligomeric state of TH.

The primary objective of this paper is to demonstrate the high sensitivity microcantilever based biosensor used in biomedical diagnostics. This paper presents trapezoidal paddle microcantilever designs which gives better deflection and higher sensitivity for biosensing applications. The proposed sensor design provides the free end deflection which is nearly two times as the existing trapezoidal beam with the same area. Comsol multiphysics software is used to design and analyze the deflection of the proposed microcantilever sensors. This device plays an important application in the identification of disease causing particles. The main advantages of MEMS based sensors are specificity, simplicity, and high sensitivity, potential ability for real-time and on-site analysis coupled with the high speed and low cost.

Holarrhena antidysenterica belongs to the family Apocynaceae is commonly known as kurchi in Hindi, Tellicherry bark in English is a small deciduous tree which is distributed throughout the world and in India, it is found in dry forests. In Indian traditional medicine, H. antidysenterica is popularly used as a medication for dysentery, diarrhoea and intestinal worms. Plant parts such as bark are used to treat anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, analgesics, amoebiasis, chronic bronchitis, locally for boils, ulcers; a decoction of the bark is used in bleeding and piles. The phytochemicals present in the plant include coumarins, ergosterol, flavonoids, phenolic acids, resins, saponins, steroidal alkaloids, tannins, triterpenoids. Pharmacological studies include anti-amnesic, neuroprotective, acetylcholinesterase inhibitory, anti-diabetic, anti-urolithic, antibacterial activity, anti-haemorrhoidal, analgesic activity, anti-inflammatory, anti-malarial, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-mutagenic, antihypertensive activity, antioxidant/free radical scavenging property, diuretic activity, anti-amoebic, anthelminthic, anti-microbial and anti-MRSA properties of Holarrhena antidysenterica. This review article explored the detailed investigation of the botanical description, phytochemistry and pharmacological actions of Holarrhena antidysenterica to afford an objective for further research.

Macrodystrophia lipomatosa (ML) is a rare, non-hereditary, developmental anomaly that occurs because of the progressive proliferation of all mesenchymal elements of single or multiple digits or entire extremity, with a disproportionate increase in fibroadipose tissue. Commonly one or few digits of an extremity will be enlarged and present as macrodactyly or as enlarged limb. Lower limb involvement is more common and frequently unilateral. The diagnosis of ML is made by accurate clinical assessment and imaging modalities, such as plain X-ray, computed tomography scan, magnetic resonance imaging, and confirmed by histopathological study. In this case, we described a 10-year-old child who was brought to us with enlarged upper and lower extremities and was diagnosed as a case of ML with the help of clinico-radiological studies and presented here because of focal gigantism involving all four limbs, which is very rare.

In order to provide high security and safety in the field of information hiding, this study proposes a novel technology using Steganography. An exotic steganographic algorithm, is used in this study, which Hides the secret text data in a 2D plane (Here, in our case let the 2D plane be the QR code), after encryption and the position of the secret data will be changed using rotation transformation. The proposed algorithm has been tested under various imperceptibility characters such as PSNR, MSE, Human Vision Quality Metrics and Histograms are compared to both cover image and the stego image. This novel algorithm shows Lower MSE, higher PSNR values and it is evident that the proposed algorithm is robust to JPEG attacks.