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Оборудование с дизельными двигателями используется на всех предприятиях горнодобывающей промышленности. Большое значение имеет монорельсовый дизельный транспорт в угольных шахтах, так как он облегчает тяжесть труда работников при транспортировке материалов и людей, креплении горных выработок, заправке и ремонте оборудования, что приводит к повышению скорости проходческих работ. Снижение концентрации вредных газов от дизель-гидравлических локомотивов на рабочих местах машинистов локомотива угольных шахт может обеспечиваться применением добавок к дизельному топливу, уменьшающих объемы выбросов вредных газов при работе дизель-гидравлических локомотивов. Добавка на основе сложных эфиров растительных масел в количестве 5 мас.% в смеси с гидроочищенным дизельным топливом снижает концентрацию угарного газа на 19-60 %, оксидов азота на 17-98 % в зависимости от режима работы двигателя, дымность отработанных газов при этом снижается до 71 %. Происходит улучшение условий труда на рабочем месте машиниста дизель-гидравлического локомотива по химическому фактору за счет понижения класса условий труда с 3.1. до 2.

The article discusses the application principles of the industry 4.0 concept to improve the basic technological processes of electronics production. The problems of quality assurance in the automatic installation of printed circuit boards. Examples of the introduction optical inspections and fluoroscopy to reduce the marriage are given. The features of screen printing processes and their control using 2D and 3D inspections are considered. The location structure of the automatic optical inspection installations in the automatic line of printed wiring and communication of the automatic screen printing printer and 3D solder paste inspection is presented. A process model for the automatic installation of printed circuit boards using the elements of Industry 4.0 is presented. The organization of machine-to-machine interaction increases the automation of the system and eliminates the «human factor», as a result of which the production process is accelerated and the probability of occurrence erroneous actions resulting in nonconformities of products with standards is reduced. The tasks of organizing and certification of 3D fluoroscopy electronics, as well as the actual improving tasks the typical automatic assembly line of printed circuit boards, are considered.

In the article topical issues of quality assurance of software complexes (PCs) are considered. The special role in the organization of the processes of PC development of information services is emphasized, the implementation of which is carried out with the help of appropriate information resources, including a set of knowledge, data, artificial intelligence systems, analysis and information processing systems that serve as the basis for PC production. It is shown that the successful implementation of design work should be systematically implemented on the basis of appropriate information support, which is based on a variety of information products. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of risks arising during the development and operation of the PC. The novelty of the conducted research consists in the complex consideration of the tasks of increasing the reliability of the PC and minimizing the risks on the basis of using the methods of automated testing of software products. It is shown that the application of PC testing methods provides an increase in the reliability of design solutions and the effectiveness of practical implementation of developments.

Introduction:The known methods of adaptive management of information network protection with special security measures are not effective enough in modern conditions, as they only take into account collected and processed data on security events and do not analyze the dynamics of the actions.Purpose:Developing a method of adaptive control of information network protection based on the analysis of violator's actions.Results:A method has been proposed for adaptive management of information network protection. Unlike other known methods, it is based on analyzing the dynamics of the violator's actions and determining the situational confrontation parameters under stochastic uncertainty. The method includes situation monitoring, operational control of the sequence of violator's actions, modeling the attacker's strategy, determining the situational parameters with a reliable prediction of the intrusion strategy. During the analysis, the network administrator receives information about the priority purposes of an intruder, the tools used and the vulnerabilities of the network. This provides an opportunity to promptly take measures to increase the security of the network and avoid its compromise.Practical relevance: Тhis approach allows you to maintain the operation of automated management systems for an organization with integrated structure, taking into account the scaling in planning and making changes to the structure on the background of information confrontation at the required level when multiple threats are changing their dynamics.

The creation of high-tech smart industries is observed in dynamically developing industries, which include the production of electronics and the automotive industry. The concept of “smart manufacturing” is closely related to the concept of cyber-physical systems, which integrates the main elements of digitalization and intellectualization. This concept provides for the continuous improvement of intellectual “cybernetic” resources for the effective management of the “physical” environment considered in this problem area. Improvement of technologies, ensuring high rates of reproducibility and suitability of equipment creates conditions for defect-free production. However, there remain the problems of recognizing patterns represented not by an obvious marriage, but by some not fully defined inconsistency on a set of requirements. The need to disclose uncertainties of this kind is typical for surface mounting technologies for printed circuit boards. The introduction of more and more advanced automatic optical inspections, containing the possibility of introducing intelligent (cybernetic) means, creates conditions for improving the quality of printed circuit boards as a “physical” environment. It is also important to minimize the “human factor”, the presence of which is still used when making decisions on the results of control. In the article, ensuring the rhythm of digital production and increasing the reliability of control in quality management in smart high-tech industries using the example of electronics production.

The correctness of the known plane single-ended probe method for measuring the anisotropic ion distribution functions in a gas-discharge plasma has been considered. Analysis has been performed for positive probe potentials relative to the plasma with magnitudes on the order of the mean ion energy, which as a rule is much lower than the mean electron energy. We have analyzed the dependence of the collection surface area of a plane probe on its potential in this range. The structure of the near-probe layer has been determined for an isotropic electron distribution function of the Maxwellian or Druvestein type and an anisotropic ion distribution function. These results are used to derive analytic relations for the correction to the second derivative of the probe current with respect to the plane probe potential. It has been shown that, when the ion distribution function is measured in a wide range of conditions in the gas-discharge plasma, when the approximation of a collisionless probe layer is applicable, and the probe does not perturb the plasma, the dependence of the collection surface area of the probe on the potential can be disregarded in this range.

The issues of cyber physical systems modeling are considered. The criteria of information and energy efficiency for cyber physical systems as the main object of innovation are proposed. The creation of cyber physical systems is proposed to be considered within the framework of structured problem areas and related tasks of disclosing uncertainty when creating innovations. Structures of problem areas, including databases and knowledge bases, determine the possibility of composition and decomposition of cyber physical systems. It is proposed to use models of thermodynamic and informational entropy to formulate goals and evaluate the properties of cyber physical systems. The use of informational entropy is obvious, the use of thermodynamic entropy and energy efficiency estimates are determined by global problems and trends in innovation. These include, inter alia, the transition from energy-intensive technologies and industries to high-tech. The issues of the relationship of thermodynamic and informational entropy are considered. The transition to the presentation of the life cycle of cyber physical systems at the levels of the problem domain and the further transition to the end-to-end digital life cycle are proposed to be performed by decomposing the goal and applying system and process models.

The concept of monitoring the technical parameters of light aircraft equipment (less than 5700 kg) are considered, which is based on the principles of building automated telemetry systems. The proposed monitoring concept will allow to test the condition of aircraft both in the aircraft repair plant and during operation. Decision support will be provided for repair planning based on the current parameters of the controlled equipment of light aircraft. The features of the implementation and functioning of the system for monitoring the technical parameters of equipment are considered.

The analysis of methods for protecting information networks of cyberphysical systems from the most relevant types of attacks based on the reflection and amplification of traffic is presented. The advantages and disadvantages are revealed. The directions for the development of effective methods of protection are shown. A method for protecting information networks from attacks with distributed denial of service with prediction is proposed.

The paper presents general features of Knowledge Base building for Nature-Technogenic Control System as innovation product. Interfaces between experts, users and Knowledge Base developers are shown. The Knowledge Base involves databases, monographs, papers and other information sources since 1996 up to date. The Knowledge Base is designed for enterprises working in Ecological Safety field.

The article describes the processes of transformation of the basic structures of technical systems into cyber-physical systems based on the introduction of innovations. A distinctive feature of cyber-physical systems is the direct penetration of methods and means of cybernetics into controlled physical processes in order to intellectualize the system and minimize the influence of the “human factor”. The introduction of innovations occurs in conditions of insufficient information and is always associated with different types of uncertainty. Uncertainty disclosures are based on probabilistic models, fuzzy sets or using knowledge bases. The phased introduction of innovations allows for the reasonable allocation of resources. Basic structures are fundamental technological innovations, represented by functionally necessary and functionally sufficient structures of systems that control physical processes. The article describes the processes of transformation of the basic structures of systems into cyber-physical systems used in various physical environments - solid, liquid and gaseous. As examples, the automatic assembly line of printed circuit boards, the locating system for monitoring thermal networks by the method of monitoring insulation dampening, the system of catalytic neutralization of vehicle exhaust gases are considered. In these examples, the objects of activity are primary physical processes. An in-depth study of primary physical processes made it possible to obtain new informational possibilities for analyzing, interpreting and regulating the key parameters of the above systems based on computing resources.

The production of electronics is largely associated with the development, technological preparation and automatic surface mount of printed circuit boards. The concept of Industry 4.0 and the introduction of digital methods encompass already cover the basic processes of development and production. Technological preparation of production combines both automated operations and manual ones. The quality of manual operations depends on the qualifications and experience of the engineers. The article presents an analysis of technological preparation operations and a methodology for choosing software for design automation based on a multi-criteria model. Particular attention is paid to manual operations. The above algorithms for performing such operations are the basis for their subsequent automation.

The accuracy of the critical systems assessment of aviation equipment is paramount importance. The paper proposes a method of risk assessment, based on combined statistical methods, in the technical condition determination of the aircraft critical systems. The application of FMEA-analysis technology is considered in order to improve the accuracy and reliability of the obtained values. This technique can be useful for refining the resulting indicator in the presence of different emissions in total set of estimates.

The Achievement of essential consumer parameter values or the implementation of new functionality determines the degree of novelty of the product. However, issues related to the evaluation of technical and scientific novelty of experimental products remain open. This is due to different approaches in the formulation of the problem in terms of many parameters. One of the known approaches to quality assessment is the formation of options based on the basic structures. This approach is consistent with the practice of creating a new product based on a retrospective analysis of the basic structures in the selected problem area. Known, for example, models of functionally necessary and functionally sufficient structures, basic structures represented by the point of the multidimensional parameter space. An important complement to this approach is to take into account the constraints required to manage the quality of an innovation project. The process of improving the parameters of new products is halted by the existing limitations, both in scientific and technological progress and in the social environment. The paper proposes to determine the degree of change in the technical characteristics of new products in relation to the current analogue or adopted prototype. The set of technical and social requirements established for the product by the terms of technical requirements and normative documents determine the functional significance of new products. Models and methods of estimation of a product novelty achievability in the conditions of not completely clear requirements of the market are offered. The analysis of the degree of change of parameter values is performed using fuzzy logic and flexible calculations. The parametric model application allows, taking into account the existing limitations, to determine the required level of perspective novelty of products.

The process of end-to-end digital design of the closed control system for exhaust gas neutralization of cars proposed by the authors is considered. Known catalysts with heating, but without heating control are not effective enough to neutralize harmful exhaust gases. The system includes measurement means of gas concentration, control unit and standard units of the vehicle catalysis exhaust system, communication devices, GPS/GLONASS as elements of this control system. The stages of end-to-end digital system design from digital modeling of functions, schematic, design solutions oriented on selected production technologies are considered. Full or partial digital design of technological and production processes is provided. The principal novelty is the use of catalyst controlled heating, as well as the creation of assign vehicle units of the system for serial production. A computer program has been developed that simulates the stages of digital electronics production for environmental monitoring systems. The computer program contains elements of the cyber physical systems concept. The computer program is designed to ensure the quality of design and production efficiency. The knowledge base was built as ontological approach for supporting and updating information about the system with the ability to extract knowledge at the request of users is proposed. The input information for filling the knowledge base is formed on the basis of conceptual and constructive knowledge, as well as databases containing information about the system elements. The description of the knowledge base, the results of the development, possible ways of development are given.

The article describes the tasks of in-depth estimation of the systems technical condition based on fuzzy ideas about the behavior of parameters within the tolerance limits. The proposed approach allows to more accurately control the influence of influencing factors at different stages of the life cycle of systems compared with the known methods. The approach is based on the application of six local criteria and a comprehensive criterion for assessing the level of system working capacity. The criteria are based on time series, linguistic variables, membership functions, and the proposed fuzzy classifier algorithm. Taking into account the peculiarities of the dynamics of changes in parameters in the tolerance field provides new opportunities for managing the life cycle processes of systems. The value of the evaluation of the level of working capacity is defined as the left most maximum of a fuzzy set for the corresponding output linguistic variable or the smallest of the modal values if the fuzzy set has several modal values. The quantitative estimation of working capacity is complemented by a qualitative estimation, expressed in the form of a linguistic description of the level of working capacity and degree of evaluation confidence in the result of recognition, understandable to the end user and convenient in making management decisions and developing recommendations at the stages of the life cycle.

During the past decade the methods of Industry 4.0 became widely spread in many areas. Radio electronic industry is not an exception in this process. Nowadays methods of digital manufacturing are gaining the particular significance in this industry. These methods propose elaboration of models of products and processes and their further simulation-based optimization. In this paper an analytical model has been developed for detailing the manufacturing process of electronic products. The model allows to determine the technical level of the projects in radio electronic industry with respect to production cycle stages: manufacturing, assembly, testing. The significant part of this model is coefficients that imply the complex assessment of projects parameters: laboriousness, material consumption, capital and quality. These indicators could be employed in the process of simulation-based optimization of products and technological processes.

The paper presents the problems solution of the atmospheric air pollution with the exhaust gases of the internal combustion engines, used in mining technologies. Such engines are used in excavators, bulldozers, dump trucks, diesel locomotives in loading and unloading processes and during transportation of minerals. NOx, CO, CH emissions as the waste gases occur during engine operation, the concentration of which must be reduced to the standard limits. The various methods and means are used for the problem solution, one of which is neutralization based on platinum catalysts. A mathematical model of a controlled catalytic neutralization system is proposed. The simulation results confirm the increase in efficiency at start-up and low engine load and the increase in the catalyst lifetime.