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1. Overview of the Medium and High Frequency Telescopes of the LiteBIRD Satellite Mission

Author

L. Montier, B. Mot, P. de Bernardis, B. Maffei, G. Pisano, F. Columbro, J. E. Gudmundsson, S. Henrot-Versillé, L. Lamagna, J. Montgomery, T. Prouvé, M. Russell, G. Savini, S. Stever, K. L. Thompson, M. Tsujimoto, C. Tucker, B. Westbrook, P. A.R. Ade, A. Adler, E. Allys, K. Arnold, D. Auguste, J. Aumont, R. Aurlien, J. Austermann, C. Baccigalupi, A. J. Banda, R. Banerji, R. B. Barreiro, S. Basak, J. Beall, D. Beck, S. Beckman, J. Bermejo, M. Bersanelli, J. Bonis, J. Borrill, F. Boulanger, S. Bounissou, M. Brilenkov, M. Brown, M. Bucher, E. Calabrese, P. Campeti, A. Carones, F. J. Casas, A. Challinor, V. Chan, K. Cheung, Y. Chinone, J. F. Cliché, L. Colombo, J. Cubas, A. Cukierman, D. Curtis, G. D’Alessandro, N. Dachlythra, M. De Petris, C. Dickinson, P. Diego-Palazuelos, M. Dobbs, T. Dotani, L. Duband, S. Duff, J. M. Duval, K. Ebisawa, T. Elleflot, H. K. Eriksen, J. Errard, T. Essinger-Hileman, F. Finelli, R. Flauger, C. Franceschet, U. Fuskeland, M. Galloway, K. Ganga, J. R. Gao, R. Genova-Santos, M. Gerbino, M. Gervasi, T. Ghigna, E. Gjerløw, M. L. Gradziel, J. Grain, F. Grupp, A. Gruppuso, T. de Haan, N. W. Halverson, P. Hargrave, T. Hasebe, M. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, M. Hazumi, D. Herman, D. Herranz, C. A. Hill, G. Hilton, Y. Hirota, E. Hivon, R. A. Hlozek, Y. Hoshino, E. de la Hoz, J. Hubmayr, K. Ichiki, T. Iida, H. Imada, K. Ishimura, H. Ishino, G. Jaehnig, T. Kaga, S. Kashima, N. Katayama, A. Kato, T. Kawasaki, R. Keskitalo, T. Kisner, Y. Kobayashi, N. Kogiso, A. Kogut, K. Kohri, E. Komatsu, K. Komatsu, K. Konishi, N. Krachmalnicoff, I. Kreykenbohm, C. L. Kuo, A. Kushino, J. V. Lanen, M. Lattanzi, A.T. Lee, C. Leloup, F. Levrier, E. Linder, T. Louis, G. Luzzi, T. Maciaszek, D. Maino, M. Maki, S. Mandelli, E. Martinez-Gonzalez, S. Masi, T. Matsumura, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, Y. Minami, K. Mitsuda, G. Morgante, Y. Murata, J. A. Murphy, M. Nagai, Y. Nagano, T. Nagasaki, R. Nagata, S. Nakamura, T. Namikawa, P. Natoli, S. Nerval, T. Nishibori, H. Nishino, C. O’Sullivan, H. Ogawa, S. Oguri, H. Ohsaki, I. S. Ohta, N. Okada, L. Pagano, A. Paiella, D. Paoletti, G. Patanchon, J. Peloton, F. Piacentini, G. Polenta, D. Poletti, G. Puglisi, D. Rambaud, C. Raum, S. Realini, M. Reinecke, M. Remazeilles, A. Ritacco, G. Roudil, J. A. Rubino-Martin, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, M. Sandri, M. Sasaki, D. Scott, J. Seibert, Y. Sekimoto, B. Sherwin, K. Shinozaki, M. Shiraishi, P. J. Shirron, G. Signorelli, G. Smecher, R. Stompor, H. Sugai, S. Sugiyama, A. Suzuki, J. Suzuki, T. L. Svalheim, E. Switzer, R. Takaku, H. Takakura, S. Takakura, Y. Takase, Y. Takeda, A. Tartari, E. Taylor, Y. Terao, H. Thommesen, B. Thorne, T. Toda, M. Tomasi, M. Tominaga, N. Trappe, M. Tristram, M. Tsuji, J. Ullom, G. Vermeulen, P. Vielva, F. Villa, M. Vissers, N. Vittorio, I. Wehus, J. Weller, J. Wilms, B. Winter, E. J. Wollack, N. Y. Yamasaki, T. Yoshida, J. Yumoto, M. Zannoni, and A. Zonca

Subjects
Instrumentation And Photography, Astrophysics
Abstract

LiteBIRD is a JAXA-led Strategic Large-Class mission designed to search for the existence of the primordial gravitational waves produced during the inflationary phase of the Universe, through the measurements of their imprint onto the polarization of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). These measurements, requiring unprecedented sensitivity, will be performed over the full sky, at large angular scales, and over 15 frequency bands from 34 GHz to 448 GHz. The LiteBIRD instruments consist of three telescopes, namely the Low-, Medium- and High-Frequency Telescope (respectively LFT, MFT and HFT). We present in this paper an overview of the design of the Medium-Frequency Telescope (89–224 GHz) and the High-Frequency Telescope (166–448 GHz), the so-called MHFT, under European responsibility, which are two cryogenic refractive telescopes cooled down to 5 K. They include a continuous rotating half-wave plate as the first optical element, two high-density polyethylene (HDPE) lenses and more than three thousand transition-edge sensor (TES) detectors cooled to 100 mK. We provide an overview of the concept design and the remaining specific challenges that we have to face in order to achieve the scientific goals of LiteBIRD.

Published
2020
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2. Development of Space-Optimized TES Bolometer Arrays for LiteBIRD

Author

Kam Arnold, J. Austermann, Michael J. Link, N. W. Halverson, Michael R. Vissers, Adrian T. Lee, G. Jaehnig, Shannon M. Duff, Gene C. Hilton, Masashi Hazumi, Samantha Walker, Benjamin Westbrook, A. Suzuki, Johannes Hubmayr, and Dan Becker

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Radio spectrum, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, Band-pass filter, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Transition edge sensor, 010306 general physics, business, Space environment
Abstract

LiteBIRD is a cosmic microwave background polarization experiment with the goal of measuring the tensor-to-scalar ratio with a total uncertainty of $$\delta r

Published
2020
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3. Optical Characterization of OMT-Coupled TES Bolometers for LiteBIRD

Author

J. Hubmayr, P. A. R. Ade, A. Adler, E. Allys, D. Alonso, K. Arnold, D. Auguste, J. Aumont, R. Aurlien, J. E. Austermann, S. Azzoni, C. Baccigalupi, A. J. Banday, R. Banerji, R. B. Barreiro, N. Bartolo, S. Basak, E. Battistelli, L. Bautista, J. A. Beall, D. Beck, S. Beckman, K. Benabed, J. Bermejo-Ballesteros, M. Bersanelli, J. Bonis, J. Borrill, F. Bouchet, F. Boulanger, S. Bounissou, M. Brilenkov, M. L. Brown, M. Bucher, E. Calabrese, M. Calvo, P. Campeti, A. Carones, F. J. Casas, A. Catalano, A. Challinor, V. Chan, K. Cheung, Y. Chinone, C. Chiocchetta, S. E. Clark, L. Clermont, S. Clesse, J. Cliche, F. Columbro, J. A. Connors, A. Coppolecchia, W. Coulton, J. Cubas, A. Cukierman, D. Curtis, F. Cuttaia, G. D’Alessandro, K. Dachlythra, P. de Bernardis, T. de Haan, E. de la Hoz, M. De Petris, S. Della Torre, J. J. Daz Garca, C. Dickinson, P. Diego-Palazuelos, M. Dobbs, T. Dotani, D. Douillet, E. Doumayrou, L. Duband, A. Ducout, S. M. Duff, J. M. Duval, K. Ebisawa, T. Elleflot, H. K. Eriksen, J. Errard, T. Essinger-Hileman, S. Farrens, F. Finelli, R. Flauger, K. Fleury-Frenette, C. Franceschet, U. Fuskeland, L. Galli, S. Galli, M. Galloway, K. Ganga, J. R. Gao, R. T. Genova-Santos, M. Georges, M. Gerbino, M. Gervasi, T. Ghigna, S. Giardiello, E. Gjerlw, R. Gonzlez Gonzles, M. L. Gradziel, J. Grain, L. Grandsire, F. Grupp, A. Gruppuso, J. E. Gudmundsson, N. W. Halverson, J. Hamilton, P. Hargrave, T. Hasebe, M. Hasegawa, M. Hattori, M. Hazumi, S. Henrot-Versill, B. Hensley, D. Herman, D. Herranz, G. C. Hilton, E. Hivon, R. A. Hlozek, D. Hoang, A. L. Hornsby, Y. Hoshino, K. Ichiki, T. Iida, T. Ikemoto, H. Imada, K. Ishimura, H. Ishino, G. Jaehnig, M. Jones, T. Kaga, S. Kashima, N. Katayama, A. Kato, T. Kawasaki, R. Keskitalo, C. Kintziger, T. Kisner, Y. Kobayashi, N. Kogiso, A. Kogut, K. Kohri, E. Komatsu, K. Komatsu, K. Konishi, N. Krachmalnicoff, I. Kreykenbohm, C. L. Kuo, A. Kushino, L. Lamagna, J. V. Lanen, G. Laquaniello, M. Lattanzi, A. T. Lee, C. Leloup, F. Levrier, E. Linder, M. J. Link, A. I. Lonappan, T. Louis, G. Luzzi, J. Macias-Perez, T. Maciaszek, B. Maffei, D. Maino, M. Maki, S. Mandelli, M. Maris, B. Marquet, E. Martnez-Gonzlez, F. A. Martire, S. Masi, M. Massa, M. Masuzawa, S. Matarrese, F. T. Matsuda, T. Matsumura, L. Mele, A. Mennella, M. Migliaccio, Y. Minami, K. Mitsuda, A. Moggi, M. Monelli, A. Monfardini, J. Montgomery, L. Montier, G. Morgante, B. Mot, Y. Murata, J. A. Murphy, M. Nagai, Y. Nagano, T. Nagasaki, R. Nagata, S. Nakamura, R. Nakano, T. Namikawa, F. Nati, P. Natoli, S. Nerval, N. Neto Godry Farias, T. Nishibori, H. Nishino, F. Noviello, G. C. O’Neil, C. O’Sullivan, K. Odagiri, H. Ochi, H. Ogawa, S. Oguri, H. Ohsaki, I. S. Ohta, N. Okada, L. Pagano, A. Paiella, D. Paoletti, G. Pascual Cisneros, A. Passerini, G. Patanchon, V. Pelgrim, J. Peloton, V. Pettorino, F. Piacentini, M. Piat, G. Piccirilli, F. Pinsard, G. Pisano, J. Plesseria, G. Polenta, D. Poletti, T. Prouv, G. Puglisi, D. Rambaud, C. Raum, S. Realini, M. Reinecke, C. D. Reintsema, M. Remazeilles, A. Ritacco, P. Rosier, G. Roudil, J. Rubino-Martin, M. Russell, H. Sakurai, Y. Sakurai, M. Sandri, M. Sasaki, G. Savini, D. Scott, J. Seibert, Y. Sekimoto, B. Sherwin, K. Shinozaki, M. Shiraishi, P. Shirron, A. Shitvov, G. Signorelli, G. Smecher, F. Spinella, J. Starck, S. Stever, R. Stompor, R. Sudiwala, S. Sugiyama, R. Sullivan, A. Suzuki, J. Suzuki, T. Suzuki, T. L. Svalheim, E. Switzer, R. Takaku, H. Takakura, S. Takakura, Y. Takase, Y. Takeda, A. Tartari, D. Tavagnacco, A. Taylor, E. Taylor, Y. Terao, L. Terenzi, J. Thermeau, H. Thommesen, K. L. Thompson, B. Thorne, T. Toda, M. Tomasi, M. Tominaga, N. Trappe, M. Tristram, M. Tsuji, M. Tsujimoto, C. Tucker, R. Ueki, J. N. Ullom, K. Umemori, L. Vacher, J. Van Lanen, G. Vermeulen, P. Vielva, F. Villa, M. R. Vissers, N. Vittorio, B. Wandelt, W. Wang, I. K. Wehus, J. Weller, B. Westbrook, G. Weymann-Despres, J. Wilms, B. Winter, E. J. Wollack, N. Y. Yamasaki, T. Yoshida, J. Yumoto, K. Watanuki, A. Zacchei, M. Zannoni, A. Zonca, Hubmayr, J, Ade, P, Adler, A, Allys, E, Alonso, D, Arnold, K, Auguste, D, Aumont, J, Aurlien, R, Austermann, J, Azzoni, S, Baccigalupi, C, Banday, A, Banerji, R, Barreiro, R, Bartolo, N, Basak, S, Battistelli, E, Bautista, L, Beall, J, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Benabed, K, Bermejo-Ballesteros, J, Bersanelli, M, Bonis, J, Borrill, J, Bouchet, F, Boulanger, F, Bounissou, S, Brilenkov, M, Brown, M, Bucher, M, Calabrese, E, Calvo, M, Campeti, P, Carones, A, Casas, F, Catalano, A, Challinor, A, Chan, V, Cheung, K, Chinone, Y, Chiocchetta, C, Clark, S, Clermont, L, Clesse, S, Cliche, J, Columbro, F, Connors, J, Coppolecchia, A, Coulton, W, Cubas, J, Cukierman, A, Curtis, D, Cuttaia, F, D’Alessandro, G, Dachlythra, K, de Bernardis, P, de Haan, T, de la Hoz, E, De Petris, M, Della Torre, S, Daz Garca, J, Dickinson, C, Diego-Palazuelos, P, Dobbs, M, Dotani, T, Douillet, D, Doumayrou, E, Duband, L, Ducout, A, Duff, S, Duval, J, Ebisawa, K, Elleflot, T, Eriksen, H, Errard, J, Essinger-Hileman, T, Farrens, S, Finelli, F, Flauger, R, Fleury-Frenette, K, Franceschet, C, Fuskeland, U, Galli, L, Galli, S, Galloway, M, Ganga, K, Gao, J, Genova-Santos, R, Georges, M, Gerbino, M, Gervasi, M, Ghigna, T, Giardiello, S, Gjerlw, E, Gonzles, R, Gradziel, M, Grain, J, Grandsire, L, Grupp, F, Gruppuso, A, Gudmundsson, J, Halverson, N, Hamilton, J, Hargrave, P, Hasebe, T, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, M, Hazumi, M, Henrot-Versill, S, Hensley, B, Herman, D, Herranz, D, Hilton, G, Hivon, E, Hlozek, R, Hoang, D, Hornsby, A, Hoshino, Y, Ichiki, K, Iida, T, Ikemoto, T, Imada, H, Ishimura, K, Ishino, H, Jaehnig, G, Jones, M, Kaga, T, Kashima, S, Katayama, N, Kato, A, Kawasaki, T, Keskitalo, R, Kintziger, C, Kisner, T, Kobayashi, Y, Kogiso, N, Kogut, A, Kohri, K, Komatsu, E, Komatsu, K, Konishi, K, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kreykenbohm, I, Kuo, C, Kushino, A, Lamagna, L, Lanen, J, Laquaniello, G, Lattanzi, M, Lee, A, Leloup, C, Levrier, F, Linder, E, Link, M, Lonappan, A, Louis, T, Luzzi, G, Macias-Perez, J, Maciaszek, T, Maffei, B, Maino, D, Maki, M, Mandelli, S, Maris, M, Marquet, B, Martnez-Gonzlez, E, Martire, F, Masi, S, Massa, M, Masuzawa, M, Matarrese, S, Matsuda, F, Matsumura, T, Mele, L, Mennella, A, Migliaccio, M, Minami, Y, Mitsuda, K, Moggi, A, Monelli, M, Monfardini, A, Montgomery, J, Montier, L, Morgante, G, Mot, B, Murata, Y, Murphy, J, Nagai, M, Nagano, Y, Nagasaki, T, Nagata, R, Nakamura, S, Nakano, R, Namikawa, T, Nati, F, Natoli, P, Nerval, S, Neto Godry Farias, N, Nishibori, T, Nishino, H, Noviello, F, O’Neil, G, O’Sullivan, C, Odagiri, K, Ochi, H, Ogawa, H, Oguri, S, Ohsaki, H, Ohta, I, Okada, N, Pagano, L, Paiella, A, Paoletti, D, Pascual Cisneros, G, Passerini, A, Patanchon, G, Pelgrim, V, Peloton, J, Pettorino, V, Piacentini, F, Piat, M, Piccirilli, G, Pinsard, F, Pisano, G, Plesseria, J, Polenta, G, Poletti, D, Prouv, T, Puglisi, G, Rambaud, D, Raum, C, Realini, S, Reinecke, M, Reintsema, C, Remazeilles, M, Ritacco, A, Rosier, P, Roudil, G, Rubino-Martin, J, Russell, M, Sakurai, H, Sakurai, Y, Sandri, M, Sasaki, M, Savini, G, Scott, D, Seibert, J, Sekimoto, Y, Sherwin, B, Shinozaki, K, Shiraishi, M, Shirron, P, Shitvov, A, Signorelli, G, Smecher, G, Spinella, F, Starck, J, Stever, S, Stompor, R, Sudiwala, R, Sugiyama, S, Sullivan, R, Suzuki, A, Suzuki, J, Suzuki, T, Svalheim, T, Switzer, E, Takaku, R, Takakura, H, Takakura, S, Takase, Y, Takeda, Y, Tartari, A, Tavagnacco, D, Taylor, A, Taylor, E, Terao, Y, Terenzi, L, Thermeau, J, Thommesen, H, Thompson, K, Thorne, B, Toda, T, Tomasi, M, Tominaga, M, Trappe, N, Tristram, M, Tsuji, M, Tsujimoto, M, Tucker, C, Ueki, R, Ullom, J, Umemori, K, Vacher, L, Van Lanen, J, Vermeulen, G, Vielva, P, Villa, F, Vissers, M, Vittorio, N, Wandelt, B, Wang, W, Wehus, I, Weller, J, Westbrook, B, Weymann-Despres, G, Wilms, J, Winter, B, Wollack, E, Yamasaki, N, Yoshida, T, Yumoto, J, Watanuki, K, Zacchei, A, Zannoni, M, Zonca, A, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)

Subjects
CMB, TES, OMT, Low temperature detector, Bolometer, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics, CMB, TES, OMT, Low temperature detector, Bolometer, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Abstract

et al., Feedhorn- and orthomode transducer- (OMT) coupled transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers have been designed and micro-fabricated to meet the optical specifications of the LiteBIRD high frequency telescope (HFT) focal plane. We discuss the design and optical characterization of two LiteBIRD HFT detector types: dual-polarization, dual-frequency-band pixels with 195/280 GHz and 235/337 GHz band centers. Results show well-matched passbands between orthogonal polarization channels and frequency centers within 3% of the design values. The optical efficiency of each frequency channel is conservatively reported to be within the range 0.64−0.72, determined from the response to a cryogenic, temperature-controlled thermal source. These values are in good agreement with expectations and either exceed or are within 10% of the values used in the LiteBIRD sensitivity forecast. Lastly, we report a measurement of loss in Nb/SiNx/Nb microstrip at 100 mK and over the frequency range 200–350 GHz, which is comparable to values previously reported in the literature., This work is supported by NASA under grant no. 80NSSC18K0132.

Published
2022

4. Detector fabrication development for the LiteBIRD satellite mission

Author

Trevor Sasse, Gene C. Hilton, M. R. Link, Aaron Lee, E. Kane, Benjamin Westbrook, Kam Arnold, Joseph Seibert, Jason E. Austermann, K. L. Thompson, Yuto Minami, Maximiliano Silva-Feaver, N. Farias, M. Russell, N. W. Halverson, A. Suzuki, T. Ghinga, Michael R. Vissers, J. A. Beall, Shannon M. Duff, G. Jaehnig, Johannes Hubmayr, S. L. Stever, J. Van Lanen, S. Beckman, and Christopher Raum

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, COSMIC cancer database, Computer science, Cosmic microwave background, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Optical telescope, law.invention, Orthomode transducer, Telescope, law, NIST, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Space environment, Remote sensing
Abstract

LiteBIRD is a JAXA-led strategic Large-Class satellite mission designed to measure the polarization of the cosmic microwave background and cosmic foregrounds from 34 to 448 GHz across the entire sky from L2 in the late 2020's. The primary focus of the mission is to measure primordially generated B-mode polarization at large angular scales. Beyond its primary scientific objective LiteBIRD will generate a data-set capable of probing a number of scientific inquiries including the sum of neutrino masses. The primary responsibility of United States will be to fabricate the three flight model focal plane units for the mission. The design and fabrication of these focal plane units is driven by heritage from ground based experiments and will include both lenslet-coupled sinuous antenna pixels and horn-coupled orthomode transducer pixels. The experiment will have three optical telescopes called the low frequency telescope, mid frequency telescope, and high frequency telescope each of which covers a portion of the mission's frequency range. JAXA is responsible for the construction of the low frequency telescope and the European Consortium is responsible for the mid- and high- frequency telescopes. The broad frequency coverage and low optical loading conditions, made possible by the space environment, require development and adaptation of detector technology recently deployed by other cosmic microwave background experiments. This design, fabrication, and characterization will take place at UC Berkeley, NIST, Stanford, and Colorado University, Boulder. We present the current status of the US deliverables to the LiteBIRD mission., SPIE, Cosmology, LiteBIRD, Detectors, TES, Bolometers, Inflation, Sinuous Antenna, Horn Coupled, DfMUX

Published
2020
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5. Planar Silicon Metamaterial Lenslet Arrays for Millimeter-wavelength Imaging

Author

Johannes Hubmayr, Aritoki Suzuki, N. W. Halverson, Jonathan A. Thompson, G. Jaehnig, Giampaolo Pisano, Christopher McKenney, Sarah A. Stevenson, Jason E. Austermann, and James A. Beall

Subjects
Materials science, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, chemistry.chemical_element, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Lenslet, 7. Clean energy, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, 0302 clinical medicine, Planar, Optics, law, lenslet arrays, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), business.industry, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Metamaterial, Metamaterials, lenslet arrays, millimeter waves, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), millimeter waves, Cardinal point, chemistry, Metamaterials, Millimeter, Transition edge sensor, business, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Optics (physics.optics), Physics - Optics
Abstract

Large imaging arrays of detectors at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths have applications that include measurements of the faint polarization signal in the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), and submillimeter astrophysics. We are developing planar lenslet arrays for millimeter-wavelength imaging using metamaterials microlithically fabricated using silicon wafers. This metamaterial technology has many potential advantages compared to conventional hemispherical lenslet arrays, including high precision and homogeneity, planar integrated anti-reflection layers, and a coefficient of thermal expansion matched to the silicon detector wafer. Here we describe the design process for a gradient-index (GRIN) metamaterial lenslet using metal-mesh patterned on silicon and a combination of metal-mesh and etched-hole metamaterial anti-reflection layers. We optimize the design using a bulk-material model to rapidly simulate and iterate on the lenslet design. We fabricated prototype GRIN metamaterial lenslet array and mounted it on a Polarbear/Simons Array 90/150~GHz band transition edge sensor (TES) bolometer detector array with sinuous planar antennas. Beam measurements of a prototype lenslet array agree reasonably well with the model simulations. We plan to further optimize the design and combine it with a broadband anti-reflection coating to achieve operation over 70--350~GHz bandwidth., Presented at SPIE Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X, December 13-18, 2020

Published
2020

6. Design and experimental investigation of a planar metamaterial silicon based lenslet

Author

Simon Doyle, Alexey Shitvov, James A. Beall, Giampaolo Pisano, Thomas Gascard, Johannes Hubmayr, N. W. Halverson, Aritoki Suzuki, Christopher McKenney, Benjamin Raymond, Jason E. Austermann, and G. Jaehnig

Subjects
Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Flat lens, Detector, FOS: Physical sciences, Metamaterial, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Large format, Lenslet, Q1, Metamaterials, lenslet arrays, millimetre waves, Optics, Planar, Metamaterials, lenslet arrays, millimetre waves, Antenna (radio), Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, business, Diplexer, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), QC, QB
Abstract

The next generations of ground-based cosmic microwave background experiments will require polarisation sensitive, multichroic pixels of large focal planes comprising several thousand detectors operating at the photon noise limit. One approach to achieve this goal is to couple light from the telescope to a polarisation sensitive antenna structure connected to a superconducting diplexer network where the desired frequency bands are filtered before being fed to individual ultra-sensitive detectors such as Transition Edge Sensors. Traditionally, arrays constituted of horn antennas, planar phased antennas or anti-reflection coated micro-lenses have been placed in front of planar antenna structures to achieve the gain required to couple efficiently to the telescope optics. In this paper are presented the design concept and a preliminary analysis of the measured performances of a phase-engineered metamaterial flat-lenslet. The flat lens design is inherently matched to free space, avoiding the necessity of an anti-reflection coating layer. It can be fabricated lithographically, making scaling to large format arrays relatively simple. Furthermore, this technology is compatible with the fabrication process required for the production of large-format lumped element kinetic inductance detector arrays which have already demonstrated the required sensitivity along with multiplexing ratios of order 1000 detectors/channel., 10 pages, 8 figures, published in SPIE Proceedings Volume 11453, Millimeter, Submillimeter, and Far-Infrared Detectors and Instrumentation for Astronomy X (https://nanolithography.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/11453/1145307/Design-and-experimental-investigation-of-a-planar-metamaterial-silicon-based/10.1117/12.2562692.full)

Published
2020
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7. The optical design of the Litebird Medium and High Frequency Telescope

Author

Alessandro Paiella, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Reijo Keskitalo, Bruno Maffei, M. De Petris, P. de Bernardis, J. Austermann, L. Montier, S. Bounissou, Berend Winter, Peter Charles Hargrave, F. Columbro, Tomotake Matsumura, F. Noviello, Johannes Hubmayr, G. Jaehnig, S. Realini, Giampaolo Pisano, N. Trappe, Jon E. Gudmundsson, Sophie Henrot-Versille, A. Ritacco, Luca Lamagna, H. Imada, A. Suzuki, Silvia Masi, B. Mot, Cristian Franceschet, Giorgio Savini, Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), and Litebird Joint Study Group

Subjects
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Computer science, optics: design, satellite, Cosmic microwave background, FOS: Physical sciences, cosmic background radiation: polarization, LiteBIRD, model: optical, 02 engineering and technology, LiteBIRD, Cosmic Microwave Background, polarization measurements, millimeter wavelengths,refractive telescopes, space telescopes, optical modeling, Space telescopes, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Telescope, law, Cosmic Microwave Background, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Aerospace engineering, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), activity report, detector: design, business.industry, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation: primordial, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, System optimization, Refractive telescopes, sensitivity, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), Optical modeling, B-mode, Polarization measurements, Control system, Millimeter wavelengths, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, 0210 nano-technology, business, performance, Microwave, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

LiteBIRD is a JAXA strategic L-class mission devoted to the measurement of polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background, searching for the signature of primordial gravitational waves in the B-modes pattern of the polarization. The onboard instrumentation includes a Middle and High Frequency Telescope (MHFT), based on a pair of cryogenically cooled refractive telescopes covering, respectively, the 89-224 GHz and the 166-448 GHz bands. Given the high target sensitivity and the careful systematics control needed to achieve the scientific goals of the mission, optical modeling and characterization are performed with the aim to capture most of the physical effects potentially affecting the real performance of the two refractors. We describe the main features of the MHFT, its design drivers and the major challenges in system optimization and characterization. We provide the current status of the development of the optical system and we describe the current plan of activities related to optical performance simulation and validation., Comment: 17 pages, 13 figures, SPIE Proceeding no. 11443-283

Published
2020
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8. Results of gravitational lensing and primordial gravitational waves from the POLARBEAR experiment

Author

Peter A. R. Ade, Davide Poletti, C. Verges, Shunsuke Adachi, Kam Arnold, Yuji Chinone, A. Suzuki, Yuto Minami, Chang Feng, J. Peloton, Nathan Whitehorn, Oliver Jeong, N. W. Halverson, Yuki Inoue, T. Hamada, Akito Kusaka, Y. Zhou, A. Zahn, A. Cukierman, M. Aguilar, Carole Tucker, D. Beck, Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff, Rolando Dünner, Brian Keating, Paul L. Richards, Stephen M. Feeney, J. C. Groh, Julian Borrill, C. Tsai, Joshua Montgomery, Darcy Barron, Theodore Kisner, R. Stompor, G. Hall, D. Boettger, Tucker Elleflot, Josquin Errard, Frederick Matsuda, L. N. Lowry, D. Leon, Takayuki Tomaru, Reijo Keskitalo, Benjamin Westbrook, M. Navaroli, D. Kaneko, K. Cheung, Osamu Tajima, A. T. P. Pham, Eric V. Linder, Giulio Fabbian, A. J. Gilbert, L. Howe, Neil Goeckner-Wald, H. El-Bouhargani, Max Silva-Feaver, Hans P. Paar, M. A. Dobbs, S. Takatori, Federico Bianchini, Colin Ross, Christian L. Reichardt, John Groh, Praween Siritanasak, Julien Carron, Tomotake Matsumura, T. Fujino, Y. Akiba, H. Nishino, G. Jaehnig, Giuseppe Puglisi, Charles A. Hill, D. Tanabe, Andrew H. Jaffe, Masashi Hazumi, Nicholas Galitzki, Blake D. Sherwin, S. Kikuchi, Carlo Baccigalupi, E. M. Leitch, S. Beckman, N. Katayama, Grant Teply, A. Ducout, Aashrita Mangu, M. LeJeune, Adrian T. Lee, Nathan Stebor, Masaya Hasegawa, S. Takakura, Y. Segawa, Scott Chapman, Kevin T. Crowley, Chinone, Y, Adachi, S, Ade, P, Aguilar, M, Akiba, Y, Arnold, K, Baccigalupi, C, Barron, D, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Bianchini, F, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Elbouhargani, H, Carron, J, Chapman, S, Cheung, K, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, Dunner, R, Dobbs, M, Ducout, A, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Feng, C, Fujino, T, Galitzki, N, Gilbert, A, Goeckner-Wald, N, Groh, J, Hall, G, Halverson, N, Hamada, T, Hasegawa, M, Hazumi, M, Hill, C, Howe, L, Inoue, Y, Jaehnig, G, Jaffe, A, Jeong, O, Lejeune, M, Kaneko, D, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Keskitalo, R, Kikuchi, S, Kisner, T, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kusaka, A, Lee, A, Leitch, E, Leon, D, Linder, E, Lowry, L, Mangu, A, Matsuda, F, Matsumura, T, Minami, Y, Montgomery, J, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Paar, H, Peloton, J, Pham, A, Poletti, D, Puglisi, G, Reichardt, C, Richards, P, Ross, C, Segawa, Y, Sherwin, B, Silva-Feaver, M, Siritanasak, P, Stebor, N, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Takatori, S, Tanabe, D, Teply, G, Tomaru, T, Tsai, C, Tucker, C, Verges, C, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Zahn, A, Zhou, Y, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), POLARBEAR, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
History, satellite: Planck, Cosmic microwave background, gravitational lensing, cosmic background radiation: polarization, detector: noise, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Gravity waves, power spectrum, 01 natural sciences, Education, Primary mirror, symbols.namesake, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, gravitation: lens, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, Planck, mirror, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, COSMIC cancer database, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Settore FIS/05, POLARBEAR experiment, Gravitational effects, gravitational radiation: primordial, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Galaxy, Computer Science Applications, Gravitational lens, B-mode, symbols, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], galaxy
Abstract

POLARBEAR is a Cosmic Microwave Background radiation (CMB) polarization experiment that is located in the Atacama Desert in Chile. The scientific goals of the experiment are to characterize the B-mode signal from gravitational lensing, as well as to search for B-mode signals created by primordial gravitational waves (PGWs). Polarbear started observations in 2012 and has published a series of results. These include the first measurement of a nonzero B-mode angular auto-power spectrum at sub-degree scales where the dominant signal is gravitational lensing of the CMB. In addition, we have achieved the first measurement of crosscorrelation between the lensing potential, which was reconstructed from the CMB polarization data alone by Polarbear, and the cosmic shear field from galaxy shapes by the Subaru Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) survey. In 2014, we installed a continuously rotating half-wave plate (CRHWP) at the focus of the primary mirror to search for PGWs and demonstrated the control of low-frequency noise. We have found that the low-frequency B-mode power in the combined dataset with the Planck high-frequency maps is consistent with Galactic dust foreground, thus placing an upper limit on the tensor-to-scalar ratio of r < 0.90 at the 95% confidence level after marginalizing over the foregrounds.

Published
2020
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9. Development of Flat Silicon-Based Mesh Lens Arrays for Millimeter and Sub-millimeter Wave Astronomy

Author

Christopher M. McKenney, Johannes Hubmayr, Jason E. Austermann, N. W. Halverson, Aritoki Suzuki, Giampaolo Pisano, Benjamin Raymond, James A. Beall, and G. Jaehnig

Subjects
General Physics, Silicon, Computer science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Classical Physics, Millimeter waves, chemistry.chemical_element, Quasioptical systems, Lenslet, 01 natural sciences, Article, law.invention, Cosmic microwave background, 010309 optics, Telescope, Focal plane arrays, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Mathematical Physics, Optical coupling, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Lens (optics), chemistry, Extremely high frequency, Millimeter, business
Abstract

The high sensitivity requirements set by future cosmic microwave background instruments are pushing the current technologies to produce highly performant focal plane arrays with thousands of detectors. The coupling of the detectors to the telescope optics is a challenging task. Current implemented solutions include phased-array antenna-coupled detectors, platelet horn arrays, and lenslet-coupled planar antennas. There are also recent developments of flat graded-index lenses based on etched silicon. However, there are strong requirements in terms of electromagnetic performance, such as coupling efficiency and bandwidth, as well as requirements in terms of easy manufacturing and scalability, and it is very challenging to meet all these requirements with one of the above solutions. Here, we present a novel approach for producing flat metal-mesh lenslet arrays based on devices previously realized using the mesh-filter technology. We have now adapted the polypropylene-based mesh lens design to silicon substrates, thus providing a good mechanical match to the silicon-based detector arrays. The measured performance of prototype pixels operating at millimeter wavelengths is presented.

Published
2019

10. Deployment of Polarbear-2A

Author

Chang Feng, Radek Stompor, Takayuki Tomaru, Rolando Dünner, Josquin Errard, D. Tanabe, Praween Siritanasak, N. Stebor, Julien Carron, D. Leon, Davide Poletti, K. Cheung, C. Tsai, S. Takakura, Grant Teply, Yuto Minami, Yuki Inoue, Stephen M. Feeney, Yuji Chinone, Frederick Matsuda, D. Beck, Akito Kusaka, Y. Akiba, A. Suzuki, Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff, Adrian T. Lee, M. Aguilar Faúndez, J. Peloton, Colin Ross, Osamu Tajima, D. Boettger, B. Westbrook, A. T. P. Pham, M. Navaroli, N. W. Halverson, Y. Zhou, Federico Bianchini, A. Cukierman, Aashrita Mangu, Nobuhiko Katayama, T. Hamada, Tucker Elleflot, Y. Segawa, Masaya Hasegawa, G. Hall, Julian Borrill, Peter A. R. Ade, Eric V. Linder, Giulio Fabbian, H. Nishino, G. Jaehnig, Giuseppe Puglisi, Charles A. Hill, Shunsuke Adachi, S. Takatori, L. Howe, A. J. Gilbert, H. El-Bouhargani, Christian L. Reichardt, Kam Arnold, John Groh, Masashi Hazumi, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Nicholas Galitzki, S. Beckman, Brian Keating, M. A. Dobbs, Carlo Baccigalupi, Clara Vergès, Theodore Kisner, Reijo Keskitalo, Daisuke Kaneko, T. Fujino, S. Kikuchi, Darcy Barron, L. N. Lowry, Scott Chapman, Maximiliano Silva-Feaver, Oliver Jeong, Kevin T. Crowley, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Kaneko, D, Adachi, S, Ade, P, Aguilar Faundez, M, Akiba, Y, Arnold, K, Baccigalupi, C, Barron, D, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Bianchini, F, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Carron, J, Chapman, S, Cheung, K, Chinone, Y, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, Dobbs, M, Dunner, R, El-Bouhargani, H, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Feng, C, Fujino, T, Galitzki, N, Gilbert, A, Goeckner-Wald, N, Groh, J, Hall, G, Halverson, N, Hamada, T, Hasegawa, M, Hazumi, M, Hill, C, Howe, L, Inoue, Y, Jaehnig, G, Jeong, O, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Keskitalo, R, Kikuchi, S, Kisner, T, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kusaka, A, Lee, A, Leon, D, Linder, E, Lowry, L, Mangu, A, Matsuda, F, Minami, Y, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Peloton, J, Pham, A, Poletti, D, Puglisi, G, Reichardt, C, Ross, C, Segawa, Y, Silva-Feaver, M, Siritanasak, P, Stebor, N, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Takatori, S, Tanabe, D, Teply, G, Tomaru, T, Tsai, C, Verges, C, Westbrook, B, Zhou, Y, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
[PHYS]Physics [physics], Settore FIS/05, Gravitational wave, Cosmic microwave background, Millimeter wave, First light, CMB, Condensed Matter Physics, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Microwave emission, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, TES bolometer, Planet, Software deployment, 0103 physical sciences, Extremely high frequency, B-mode polarization, General Materials Science, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Remote sensing
Abstract

International audience; Polarbear-2A is the first of three receivers in the Simons array, a cosmic microwave background experiment located on the Atacama Plateau in Chile. Polarbear-2A was deployed and achieved the first light in January 2019 by mapping the microwave emission from planet observations. Commissioning work is underway to prepare the receiver for science observations.

Published
2019
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11. Scalable arrays of planar metamaterial lenslets for use in millimeter and submillimeter focal planes (Conference Presentation)

Author

W. B. Everett, N. W. Halverson, J. T. Sayre, Johannes Hubmayr, Giampaolo Pisano, James A. Beall, Haley Roberts, Robert Bruder, Aritoki Suzuki, G. Jaehnig, Christopher M. McKenney, Jason E. Austermann, and Bradley Dober

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Phased array, business.industry, Detector, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics::Optics, chemistry.chemical_element, Metamaterial, Lenslet, Planar, Optics, chemistry, business, Lithography, Refractive index
Abstract

The need for larger arrays of millimeter and submillimeter wavelength detectors for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) experiments is driving a demand for focal planes which can field large numbers of detectors with both high sensitivity and wide bandwidth. Current CMB experiments have $\sim 10^{4}$ detectors, with next generation focal planes requiring $\sim 10^{5}$ or more. One challenge of expanding the array size is coupling the detectors to instrument optics with a method that is broadband, low loss, and scalable. Current state of the art methods of coupling incident radiation include phased array antenna-coupled detectors, corrugated feedhorn arrays, and hemispherical lenslet array-coupled planar antennas. Phased array antennas are fabricated using planar lithography techniques and therefore easily scalable, but are typically narrow band ($\sim 30\%$). Silicon platelet feedhorns are scalable and low loss, but typically achieve only an octave of bandwidth. Lenslets have been produced using silicon hemispheres stacked on silicon plates to approximate an elliptical lens. Low loss and broadband behavior is accomplished by individually molding anti-reflection layers made of materials with appropriate refractive indices and individually glued to arrays; however this approach does not easily scale to larger arrays. We are developing planar lenslet arrays using metamaterials fabricated with standard microlithograpy techniques on silicon wafers. Instead of using difficult to manufacture curved optical surfaces, the lenslets consist of stacks of silicon wafers which are each patterned with an array of sub-wavelength features to produce optical features which form a well defined beam at measurement wavelengths. These arrays are being developed using two approaches: GRadient INdex (GRIN) lenslets which are fabricated by etching holes on a sub-wavelength grid to produce a spatially varying effective index of refraction, and metal-mesh lenslets which are produced by depositing spatially varying metallic features which act as a series of Transmission Line (TL) lumped element features to control phase delay across the wafer. GRIN lenslets are fabricated by etching sub-wavelength holes on a periodic, sub-wavelength grid using standard microlithography techniques. The wafers can be stacked, allowing the spatial index to be altered along all dimensions, which allows for arbitrary anti-reflective coatings to be integrated in the lenslet design. Simulations in finite element modeling (FEM) software have been used to both evaluate the effective index of an individual element and simulate full lenslet structures. Dielectrically embedded mesh-lenses are based on existing mesh-filter technology. Differently from the mesh-filters, the grids are inhomogeneous and their geometry is designed in such a way to impart variable phase shifts across the surface. The local phase shifts reproduce those that would be introduced by a classical dielectric lens. In this work we are developing mesh-lenslets on silicon substrates. The metal grids are supported by silicon nitride (SiN) membranes and kept at specific distances in an air-gap configuration. Finite element analysis is used to quantify and optimize the performance of these devices. We report on progress in both lenslet design approaches. In each case we have developed a set of design equations which guide the design of the full lenslet structure. These structures are simulated using finite element modeling simulations. We report on measurements and efficacy of the design and simulation process and agreement with laboratory measurements of prototype lenslet arrays.

Published
2018
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12. Electrical characterization and tuning of the integrated POLARBEAR-2a focal plane and readout (Conference Presentation)

Author

J. Borrill, Paul L. Richards, Stephen M. Feeney, A. T. P. Pham, J. Peloton, Darcy Barron, Mario Aguilar, Josquin Errard, L. N. Lowry, D. Beck, A. Cukierman, Akito Kusaka, M. Le Jeune, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Max Silva Feaver, W. L. Holzapfel, Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff, Gabriele Coppi, H. Roberts, Peter Ashton, A. Tikhomirov, M. A. Dobbs, Osamu Tajima, D. Leon, Masashi Hazumi, P. A. R. Ade, Grant Teply, Nathan J. Miller, Colin Ross, Nicholas Galitzki, P. Siritanasak, Blake D. Sherwin, Tucker Elleflot, Y. Akiba, K. M. Rotermund, S. Beckman, A. J. Gilbert, Christian L. Reichardt, R. Dunner, Gary A. Fuller, Oliver Jeong, Eric V. Linder, A. Madurowicz, Giulio Fabbian, John Groh, Jessica Avva, Yuki Inoue, S. Takatori, G. Jaehnig, Carlo Baccigalupi, Giuseppe Puglisi, Charles A. Hill, S. Takakura, Andrew May, Scott Chapman, D. Plambeck, Kevin T. Crowley, D. Tanabe, Kam Arnold, Brian Keating, Aamir Ali, Benjamin Westbrook, M. Navroli, Adrian T. Lee, Jennifer Ito, Masaya Hasegawa, Aritoki Suzuki, Federico Bianchini, Theodore Kisner, Julien Carron, Tomotake Matsumura, Reijo Keskitalo, Daisuke Kaneko, Y. Segawa, T. Natoli, Frederick Matsuda, Yuji Chinone, N. W. Halverson, R. Stompor, T. de Haan, T. Hamada, A. Zahn, Amy N. Bender, D. Boettger, Takayuki Tomaru, R. Tat, A. Lowitz, Chang Feng, C. Tsai, Lucio Piccirillo, Leo Steinmetz, Nobuhiko Katayama, Daisy Mak, Davide Poletti, C. Verges, L. Howe, Haruki Nishino, A. Anderson, Yuto Minami, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, Nathan Whitehorn, Christopher Raum, Joshua Montgomery, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
temperature: transition, Cosmic microwave background, cosmic background radiation: polarization, frequency-division multiplexing, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, SQUID, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, cosmic background radiation: B-mode, Optics, bolometer, gravitation: lens, law, 0103 physical sciences, millimeter-wave, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], inflation, 010306 general physics, Physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, superconductivity, Detector, Bolometer, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, gravitational radiation: primordial, Spectral density, cosmic microwave background polarization, stability, Polarization (waves), transition-edge sensor, Extremely high frequency, resonance: frequency, power spectrum: angular dependence, readout, dfmux, Transition edge sensor, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; POLARBEAR is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment located in the Atacama desert in Chile. The science goals of the POLARBEAR project are to do a deep search for CMB B-mode polarization created by inflationary gravitational waves, as well as characterize the CMB B-mode signal from gravitational lensing. POLARBEAR-1 started observations in 2012, and the POLARBEAR team has published a series of results from its first two seasons of observations, including the first measurement of a non-zero B-mode polarization angular power spectrum, measured at sub-degree scales where the dominant signal is gravitational lensing of the CMB. The Simons Array expands POLARBEAR to include an additional two telescopes with next-generation POLARBEAR-2 multi-chroic receivers, observing at 95, 150, 220, and 270 GHz.The POLARBEAR-2A focal plane has 7,588 transition-edge sensor bolometers, read out with frequency-division multiplexing, with 40 frequency channels within the readout bandwidth of 1.5 to 4.5 MHz. The frequency channels are defined by a low-loss lithographed aluminum spiral inductor and interdigitated capacitor in series with each bolometer, creating a resonant frequency for each channel's unique voltage bias and current readout. Characterization of the readout includes measuring resonant peak locations and heights and fitting to a circuit model both above and below the bolometer superconducting transition temperature. This information is used determine the optimal detector bias frequencies and characterize stray impedances which may affect bolometer operation and stability. The detector electrical characterization includes measurements of the transition properties by sweeping in temperature and in voltage bias, measurements of the bolometer saturation power, as well as measuring and removing any biases introduced by the readout circuit. We present results from the characterization, tuning, and operation of the fully integrated focal plane and readout for the first POLARBEAR-2 receiver, POLARBEAR-2A, during its pre-deployment integration run.

Published
2018
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13. A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND B-MODE POLARIZATION WITH POLARBEAR

Author

X. Meng, N. W. Halverson, P. Hyland, M. J. Myers, Nathan Miller, Daniel Flanigan, M. Atlas, A. E. Anthony, Josquin Errard, D. Poletti, Kam Arnold, M. Navaroli, R. Keskitalo, Zigmund Kermish, A. J. Gilbert, J. Borrill, Masashi Hazumi, M. A. Dobbs, Hans P. Paar, T. Matsumura, Yuji Chinone, E. Quealy, G. Fabbian, H. Morii, Peter A. R. Ade, M. Le Jeune, Brian Keating, Y. Akiba, Jonathon Howard, Scott Chapman, Tucker Elleflot, S. Moyerman, William F. Grainger, W. L. Holzapfel, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, Masaya Hasegawa, J. Peloton, Eric V. Linder, Theodore Kisner, Kaori Hattori, E. M. Leitch, Marius Lungu, Frederick Matsuda, Y. Hori, Angelo Orlando, Darcy Barron, Yuki Inoue, H. Nishino, A. T. Lee, G. Jaehnig, Chang Feng, Andrew H. Jaffe, and D. Boettger

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational wave, Bolometer, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Cosmic background radiation, Astronomy, Spectral density, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, General Medicine, Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), law.invention, Gravitational lens, law, Transition edge sensor
Abstract

Polarbear is a ground-based experiment located in the Atacama desert of northern Chile. The experiment is designed to measure the Cosmic Microwave Background B-mode polarization at several arcminute resolution. The CMB B-mode polarization on degree angular scales is a unique signature of primordial gravitational waves from cosmic inflation and B-mode signal on sub-degree scales is induced by the gravitational lensing from large-scale structure. Science observations began in early 2012 with an array of 1, 274 polarization sensitive antenna-couple Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometers at 150 GHz. We published the first CMB-only measurement of the B-mode polarization on sub-degree scales induced by gravitational lensing in December 2013 followed by the first measurement of the B-mode power spectrum on those scales in March 2014. In this proceedings, we review the physics of CMB B-modes and then describe the Polarbear experiment, observations, and recent results.

Published
2015
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14. Concept design of the LiteBIRD satellite for CMB B-mode polarization

Author

A. Cukierman, Makoto Hattori, Alessandro Gruppuso, Y. Kataoka, D. T. Hoang, Kam Arnold, Tucker Elleflot, Benjamin Westbrook, Eric V. Linder, Johannes Hubmayr, Toshiyuki Nishibori, Christopher Raum, T. Kikuchi, Luca Lamagna, S. Takakura, Shingo Kashima, Ryota Takaku, Ken Ganga, N. Katayama, Masahiro Tsujimoto, Yutaro Sekimoto, A. Kibayashi, Hajime Sugai, H. K. Eriksen, Noah Kurinsky, F. Columbro, Gianluca Morgante, Toshiya Namikawa, Yuki Sakurai, B. Mot, E. Martínez-González, H. Nishino, G. Jaehnig, Hiroyuki Ohsaki, Shogo Nakamura, Peter A. R. Ade, L. Montier, T. Kawasaki, Giuseppe Puglisi, Charles A. Hill, H. Takakura, Masaaki Nagai, Anna Murphy, D. W. Curtis, M. Tristram, Adrian T. Lee, J. Grain, S. Realini, H. Ochi, Peter Charles Hargrave, Theodore Kisner, Maresuke Shiraishi, F. Boulanger, Y. Kobayashi, M. Tomasi, G. Signorelli, Y. Hirota, M. Tsuji, Graeme Smecher, F. Piacentini, K. Ebisawa, S. Beckman, Carlo Baccigalupi, E. Hivon, K. Mistuda, Haruyuki Sakurai, Soumen Basak, C. L. Kuo, G. Patanchon, Ingunn Kathrine Wehus, Masashi Hazumi, J. Aumont, Berend Winter, I. S. Ohta, Reijo Keskitalo, Bruno Maffei, Ryo Yamamoto, Marco Bersanelli, Mario Zannoni, P. Natoli, Junji Yumoto, Andrea Zonca, Erminia Calabrese, A. Ducout, Blake D. Sherwin, N. Trappe, U. Fuskeland, Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff, K. L. Thompson, M. A. Dobbs, F. Noviello, Anna Mangilli, Jun-ichi Suzuki, A. Kushino, Tadayasu Dotani, S. Sugiyama, H. Kanai, T. Yoshida, Silvia Masi, G. Polenta, M. Yanagisawa, N. Watanabe, R. Nagata, J. Austermann, Keisuke Shinozaki, Yasunori Terao, Davide Poletti, Cristian Franceschet, Michael L. Brown, Anthony Challinor, M. De Petris, Masaya Hasegawa, Yuto Minami, Noriko Y. Yamasaki, L. Duband, Créidhe O'Sullivan, Yasuhiro Murata, J. R. Gao, B. Thorne, Eiichiro Komatsu, P. de Bernardis, Kazunori Kohri, Hirokazu Ishino, Kuniaki Konishi, A. J. Banday, N. W. Halverson, A. Mennella, Kiyotomo Ichiki, T. Hasebe, Giorgio Savini, Julian Borrill, Yuji Chinone, Mathieu Remazeilles, Giampaolo Pisano, D. Molinari, Radek Stompor, M. Maki, H. Tomida, N. Okada, H. Imada, S. Uozumi, Nozomu Kogiso, R. Banerji, Tomotake Matsumura, Raphael Flauger, T. Ghigna, Josquin Errard, Shin Utsunomiya, M. Bucher, K. Komatsu, Hideo Ogawa, E. Taylor, Kimihiro Kimura, Sophie Henrot-Versille, Nicola Vittorio, Aritoki Suzuki, Realini, S, Patanchon, G, Kataoka, Y, Zonca, A, Zannoni, M, Yumoto, J, Yoshida, T, Yanagisawa, M, Yamasaki, N, Yamamoto, R, Westbrook, B, Wehus, I, Watanabe, N, Vittorio, N, Utsunomiya, S, Uozumi, S, Tsujimoto, M, Tsuji, M, Tristram, M, Trappe, N, Tomida, H, Tomasi, M, Thorne, B, Thompson, K, Terao, Y, Taylor, E, Takakura, S, Takakura, H, Takaku, R, Suzuki, J, Suzuki, A, Sugiyama, S, Sugai, H, Stompor, R, Smecher, G, Signorelli, G, Shiraishi, M, Shinozaki, K, Sherwin, B, Savini, G, Sakurai, Y, Sakurai, H, Remazeilles, M, Raum, C, Puglisi, G, Poletti, D, Polenta, G, Pisano, G, Piacentini, F, Okada, N, Ohsaki, H, Ogawa, H, Ochi, H, O'Sullivan, C, Nishino, H, Nishibori, T, Natoli, P, Namikawa, T, Nakamura, S, Nagata, R, Nagai, M, Murphy, A, Murata, Y, Mot, B, Morgante, G, Montier, L, Molinari, D, Mitsuda, K, Minami, Y, Mennella, A, Matsumura, T, Masi, S, Martinez-Gonzalez, E, Maki, M, Maffei, B, Linder, E, Lee, A, Lamagna, L, Kushino, A, Kurinsky, N, Kuo, C, Krachmalnicoff, N, Konishi, K, Komatsu, K, Komatsu, E, Kohri, K, Kogiso, N, Kobayashi, Y, Kisner, T, Kimura, K, Kikuchi, T, Kibayashi, A, Keskitalo, R, Kawasaki, T, Katayama, N, Kashima, S, Kanai, H, Arnold, K, Jaehnig, G, Ishino, H, Imada, H, Ichiki, K, Hubmayr, J, Hoang, D, Hivon, E, Hirota, Y, Hill, C, Henrot-Versille, S, Hazumi, M, Hattori, M, Hasegawa, M, Hasebe, T, Hargrave, P, Halverson, N, Gruppuso, A, Grain, J, Ghigna, T, Gao, J, Ganga, K, Fuskeland, U, Franceschet, C, Flauger, R, Errand, J, Eriksen, H, Elleflot, T, Ebisawa, K, Ducout, A, Duband, L, Dotani, T, Dobbs, M, de Petris, M, de Bernardis, P, Curtis, D, Cukierman, A, Columbro, F, Chinone, Y, Challinor, A, Calabrese, E, Bucher, M, Brown, M, Boulanger, F, Borill, J, Bersanelli, M, Beckman, S, Basak, S, Banerji, R, Banday, A, Baccigalupi, C, Austermann, J, Aumont, J, Mangilli, A, Ade, P, Winter, B, Ota, I, Noviello, F, Sekimoto, Y, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service des Basses Températures (SBT ), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire de Grenoble (IRIG), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris (IAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and LiteBIRD

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, Cryogenic telescope, Millimeter-wave polarization, Space program, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Condensed Matter Physics, Computer Science Applications1707 Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Applied Mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, media_common.quotation_subject, satellite, Lagrangian point, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, frequency: high, law.invention, NO, Telescope, cosmic background radiation: B-mode, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic, Cosmology, Cosmic Microwave Background, CMB, Polarimetry, Inflation, Instrumentation, structure, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Optical and Magnetic Materials, 010306 general physics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, media_common, Physics, polarization, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Settore FIS/05, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Polarization (waves), sensitivity, Superconducting detectors, frequency: low, angular resolution, Sky, cryogenics, Launch vehicle, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

LiteBIRD is a candidate for JAXA’s strategic large mission to observe the cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization over the full sky at large angular scales. It is planned to be launched in the 2020s with an H3 launch vehicle for three years of observations at a Sun-Earth Lagrangian point (L2). The concept design has been studied by researchers from Japan, U.S., Canada and Europe during the ISAS Phase-A1. Large scale measurements of the CMB B-mode polarization are known as the best probe to detect primordial gravitational waves. The goal of LiteBIRD is to measure the tensor-to-scalar ratio (r) with precision of δr < 0.001. A 3-year full sky survey will be carried out with a low frequency (34 - 161 GHz) telescope (LFT) and a high frequency (89 - 448 GHz) telescope (HFT), which achieve a sensitivity of 2.5 µK-arcmin with an angular resolution of ∼ 30 arcminutes around 100 GHz. The concept design of LiteBIRD system, payload module (PLM), cryo-structure, LFT and verification plan is described in this paper. © 2018 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE)

Published
2018
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15. The POLARBEAR-2 and Simons Array Focal Plane Fabrication Status

Author

Adrian T. Lee, Neil Goeckner-Wald, D. Beck, D. Leon, A. Cukierman, M. Navaroli, Brian Keating, Y. Segawa, Tucker Elleflot, Masaya Hasegawa, Maximiliano Silva-Feaver, Peter A. R. Ade, Y. Akiba, Matt Dobbs, Julian Borrill, Paul L. Richards, Stephen M. Feeney, Rolando Dünner, K. M. Rotermund, C. Tsai, Oliver Jeong, Osamu Tajima, A. T. P. Pham, Eric V. Linder, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, Josquin Errard, S. Takakura, D. Plambeck, Lucio Piccirillo, Nathan Whitehorn, Yuji Chinone, S. Beckman, Giulio Fabbian, L. Howe, M. Le Jeune, Federico Bianchini, Christopher Raum, Daisy Mak, Grant Teply, W. L. Holzapfel, Andrew May, Joshua Montgomery, Carlo Baccigalupi, H. Roberts, S. Takatori, Christian L. Reichardt, Reijo Keskitalo, A. J. Gilbert, Gary A. Fuller, R. Tat, Akito Kusaka, Nobuhiko Katayama, D. Boettger, A. Tikhomirov, John Groh, Benjamin Westbrook, Giuseppe Puglisi, Charles A. Hill, Scott Chapman, Nicoletta Krachmalnicoff, Colin Ross, Amy N. Bender, A. Madurowicz, Darcy Barron, J. Peloton, N. W. Halverson, L. N. Lowry, Aritoki Suzuki, Chang Feng, Andrew H. Jaffe, Takayuki Tomaru, Davide Poletti, A. Zahn, Radek Stompor, Mario Ferrada Aguilar, Theodore Kisner, T. de Haan, T. Hamada, Gabriele Coppi, Yuto Minami, Yuki Inoue, Nathan J. Miller, D. Tanabe, H. Nishino, G. Jaehnig, Masashi Hazumi, Nicholas Galitzki, Blake D. Sherwin, Kevin D. Crowley, Kam Arnold, Frederick Matsuda, D. Kaneko, Praween Siritanasak, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Westbrook, B, Ade, P, Aguilar, M, Akiba, Y, Arnold, K, Baccigalupi, C, Barron, D, Beck, D, Beckman, S, Bender, A, Bianchini, F, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Chapman, S, Chinone, Y, Coppi, G, Crowley, K, Cukierman, A, de Haan, T, Dunner, R, Dobbs, M, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Feng, C, Fuller, G, Galitzki, N, Gilbert, A, Goeckner-Wald, N, Groh, J, Halverson, N, Hamada, T, Hasegawa, M, Hazumi, M, Hill, C, Holzapfel, W, Howe, L, Inoue, Y, Jaehnig, G, Jaffe, A, Jeong, O, Kaneko, D, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Krachmalnicoff, N, Kusaka, A, Le Jeune, M, Lee, A, Leon, D, Linder, E, Lowry, L, Madurowicz, A, Mak, D, Matsuda, F, May, A, Miller, N, Minami, Y, Montgomery, J, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Peloton, J, Pham, A, Piccirillo, L, Plambeck, D, Poletti, D, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Rebeiz, G, Reichardt, C, Richards, P, Roberts, H, Ross, C, Rotermund, K, Segawa, Y, Sherwin, B, Silva-Feaver, M, Siritanasak, P, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takakura, S, Takatori, S, Tanabe, D, Tat, R, Teply, G, Tikhomirov, A, Tomaru, T, Tsai, C, Whitehorn, N, Zahn, A, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), and Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES)

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, cosmic background radiation: polarization, CMB, Dichroic glass, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Atomic and Molecular Physics, Polarization, General Materials Science, silicon: nitrogen, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, 010302 applied physics, Physics, Settore FIS/05, superconductivity, Detector, Detectors, Polarization (waves), Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Cardinal point, Materials Science (all), silicon: oxygen, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Transition edge sensor, performance, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Fabrication, Sinuous antenna, Inflation, General Physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Classical Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Telescope, Optics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, bolometer, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), detector: design, activity report, business.industry, Bolometer, and Optics, business
Abstract

著者人数: 93名（所属. 宇宙航空研究開発機構宇宙科学研究所(JAXA)(ISAS): 羽澄, 昌史), Accepted: 2018-08-27, 資料番号: SA1180208000

Published
2017
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16. The POLARBEAR-2 Experiment

Author

Kam Arnold, W. Holzapfel, Tomotake Matsumura, M. Sholl, R. Stompor, N. W. Halverson, M. Atlas, Guangyuan Feng, N. Katayama, Masashi Hazumi, Colin Ross, H. Yamaguchi, Y. Akiba, Kaja Rotermund, Praween Siritanasak, Tucker Elleflot, S. Takakura, J. Borrill, Paul L. Richards, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Giulio Fabbian, O. Zahn, H. Morii, H. Nishino, G. Jaehnig, Josquin Errard, Reijo Keskitalo, Y. Hori, A. Cukierman, Scott Chapman, Takahiro Okamura, Kaori Hattori, Frederick Matsuda, Yuki Inoue, Brian Keating, C. Reichart, Yuji Chinone, Aritoki Suzuki, Suguru Takada, M. A. Dobbs, Graeme Smecher, William F. Grainger, A. J. Gilbert, Takayuki Tomaru, B. Wilson, C. Aleman, Darcy Barron, S. Moyerman, Nathan Stebor, Masaya Hasegawa, Adrian T. Lee, Theodore Kisner, M. Myers, M. Navaroli, Zigmund Kermish, and Peter A. R. Ade

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational wave, business.industry, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Noise-equivalent temperature, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Computational physics, symbols.namesake, Gravitational lens, Optics, symbols, General Materials Science, Planck, Neutrino, Transition edge sensor, business
Abstract

We present an overview of the design and development of the POLARBEAR-2 experiment. The POLARBEAR-2 experiment is a cosmic microwave background polarimetry experiment, which aims to characterize the small angular scale B-mode signal due to gravitational lensing and search for the large angular scale B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. The experiment will have a 365 mm diameter multi-chroic focal plane filled with 7,588 polarization sensitive antenna-coupled Transition Edge Sensor bolometers and will observe at 95 and 150 GHz. The focal plane is cooled to 250 mK. The bolometers will be read-out by SQUIDs with $$32\times $$ frequency domain multiplexing. The experiment will utilize high purity alumina lenses and thermal filters to achieve the required high optical throughput. A continuously rotating, cooled half-wave plate will be used to give stringent control over systematic errors. The experiment is designed to achieve a noise equivalent temperature of 5.7 $$\mu $$ K $$\sqrt{s}$$ , and this allows us to constrain the signal from the inflationary primordial gravitational corresponding to a tensor-to-scalar ratio of $$r = 0.01$$ ( $$2\sigma $$ ). POLARBEAR-2 will also be able to put a constraint on the sum of neutrino masses to 90 meV ( $$1\sigma $$ ) with POLARBEAR-2 data alone and 65 meV ( $$1\sigma $$ ) when combined with the Planck satellite. We plan to start observations in 2014 in the Atacama Desert in Chile.

Published
2014
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17. The POLARBEAR Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization Experiment

Author

Tomotake Matsumura, M. A. Dobbs, S. Moyerman, Nathan Stebor, Chase Owen Shimmin, H. Morii, P. Hyland, Masashi Hazumi, Oliver Zahn, Scott Chapman, Hans P. Paar, A. Ghribi, Masaya Hasegawa, Josquin Errard, Praween Siritanasak, Eric V. Linder, M. Le Jeune, Peter A. R. Ade, W. L. Holzapfel, Andrew H. Jaffe, Yuji Chinone, Aritoki Suzuki, Adrian T. Lee, Julian Borrill, Nathan J. Miller, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, William F. Grainger, Brian Keating, A. E. Anthony, Kam Arnold, Theodore Kisner, Takayuki Tomaru, Paul L. Richards, N. W. Halverson, J. Peloton, Daniel Flanigan, Amit P. S. Yadav, M. J. Myers, Jonathon Howard, H. Nishino, G. Fabbian, D. Boettger, Reijo Keskitalo, G. Jaehnig, Bryan Steinbach, Zigmund Kermish, A. Shimizu, Colin Ross, Meir Shimon, Jennifer Edwards, X. Meng, Carole Tucker, Radek Stompor, M. Sholl, E. Quealy, Christian L. Reichardt, Gary A. Fuller, Kaori Hattori, Helmuth Spieler, Darcy Barron, Marius Lungu, and Frederick Matsuda

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational wave, Bolometer, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Lenslet, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, law.invention, Cardinal point, Gravitational lens, law, Extremely high frequency, General Materials Science
Abstract

The polarbear cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment has been observing since early 2012 from its 5,200 m site in the Atacama Desert in Northern Chile. polarbear’s measurements will characterize the expected CMB polarization due to gravitational lensing by large scale structure, and search for the possible B-mode polarization signature of inflationary gravitational waves. polarbear’s 250 mK focal plane detector array consists of 1,274 polarization-sensitive antenna-coupled bolometers, each with an associated lithographed band-defining filter and contacting dielectric lenslet, an architecture unique in current CMB experiments. The status of the polarbear instrument, its focal plane, and the analysis of its measurements are presented.

Published
2014
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18. Erratum: 'A Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background B-Mode Polarization Power Spectrum at Sub-degree Scales with POLARBEAR' (2014, ApJ, 794, 171)

Author

Masashi Hazumi, P. Hyland, Kam Arnold, Y. Akiba, Frederick Matsuda, Paul L. Richards, M. Atlas, Yuji Chinone, A. E. Anthony, Amit P. S. Yadav, P. A. R. Ade, Y. Hori, A Orlando, S. Moyerman, Aaron Lee, Reijo Keskitalo, M. Navaroli, Nathan Stebor, I. Schanning, Bryan Steinbach, N. W. Halverson, Yuki Inoue, Chase Owen Shimmin, Zigmund Kermish, H. Nishino, Tucker Elleflot, M. J. Myers, G. Fabbian, Christian L. Reichardt, Eric V. Linder, Masaya Hasegawa, Kaori Hattori, E. M. Leitch, Helmuth Spieler, Theodore Kisner, Chang Feng, Meir Shimon, J. Howard, Praween Siritanasak, Brian Keating, O. Zahn, J. Peloton, Julian Borrill, D. Boettger, Darcy Barron, Radek Stompor, Marius Lungu, H. Morii, S. Takakura, A. Shimizu, Tomotake Matsumura, Hans P. Paar, William F. Grainger, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, E. Quealy, Graeme Smecher, X. Meng, D. E. Schenck, Scott Chapman, Takayuki Tomaru, A. J. Gilbert, Josquin Errard, D. Poletti, B. Wilson, W. L. Holzapfel, Aritoki Suzuki, Daniel Flanigan, Colin Ross, Nathan J. Miller, M. Le Jeune, M. A. Dobbs, Blake D. Sherwin, G. Jaehnig, Andrew H. Jaffe, Cardiff University, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Shonan International Village, Hayama-cho, University of Colorado, Department of Astrophysical and Planetary Sciences, Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy (CASA), Department of Physics, Le Conte Hall, University of California, Computational Cosmology Center, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, Department of Physics and Atmospheric Science, Dalhousie University, Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA, Physics Department, McGill University, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati (SISSA), STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK), Physics Department, Austin College, Sherman, TX 75090, USA, Imperial College London, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Observational Cosmology Laboratory (Code 665), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), Todai Institutes for Advanced Study, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia

Subjects
Physics, large-scale structure of universe, Science & Technology, 0306 Physical Chemistry (Incl. Structural), Cosmic microwave background, Spectral density, Molecular, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, Astronomy & Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), 0305 Organic Chemistry, Atomic, observations [cosmology], 0201 Astronomical And Space Sciences, Particle and Plasma Physics, Space and Planetary Science, Physical Sciences, astro-ph.CO, Nuclear, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Astronomical and Space Sciences, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural)
Abstract

We report an improved measurement of the cosmic microwave background B-mode polarization power spectrum with the Polarbear experiment at 150 GHz. By adding new data collected during the second season of observations (2013-2014) to re-analyzed data from the first season (2012-2013), we have reduced twofold the band-power uncertainties. The band powers are reported over angular multipoles 500 ≤ ℓ ≤ 2100, where the dominant B-mode signal is expected to be due to the gravitational lensing of E-modes. We reject the null hypothesis of no B-mode polarization at a confidence of 3.1σ including both statistical and systematic uncertainties. We test the consistency of the measured B-modes with the Λ Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) framework by fitting for a single lensing amplitude parameter A L = 0.60 +0.26-0.24(stat)+0.00-0.04 (inst) ± 0.14(foreground) ± 0.04(multi), where A L = 1 relative to the Planck 2015 best-fit model prediction. We obtain ±0.14(foreground) ±0.04(multi), where is the fiducial ΛCDM value.

Published
2017
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19. POLARBEAR-2: an instrument for CMB polarization measurements

Author

Y. Inoue, P. Ade, Y. Akiba, C. Aleman, K. Arnold, C. Baccigalupi, B. Barch, D. Barron, A. Bender, D. Boettger, J. Borrill, S. Chapman, Y. Chinone, A. Cukierman, T. de Haan, M. A. Dobbs, A. Ducout, R. Dünner, T. Elleflot, J. Errard, G. Fabbian, S. Feeney, C. Feng, G. Fuller, A. J. Gilbert, N. Goeckner-Wald, J. Groh, G. Hall, N. Halverson, T. Hamada, M. Hasegawa, K. Hattori, M. Hazumi, C. Hill, W. L. Holzapfel, Y. Hori, L. Howe, F. Irie, G. Jaehnig, A. Jaffe, O. Jeong, N. Katayama, J. P. Kaufman, K. Kazemzadeh, B. G. Keating, Z. Kermish, R. Keskitalo, T. S. Kisner, A. Kusaka, M. Le Jeune, A. T. Lee, D. Leon, E. V. Linder, L. Lowry, F. Matsuda, T. Matsumura, N. Miller, K. Mizukami, J. Montgomery, M. Navaroli, H. Nishino, H. Paar, J. Peloton, D. Poletti, G. Puglisi, C. R. Raum, G. M. Rebeiz, C. L. Reichardt, P. L. Richards, C. Ross, K. M. Rotermund, Y. Segawa, B. D. Sherwin, I. Shirley, P. Siritanasak, N. Stebor, R. Stompor, J. Suzuki, A. Suzuki, O. Tajima, S. Takada, S. Takatori, G. P. Teply, A. Tikhomirov, T. Tomaru, N. Whitehorn, A. Zahn, O. Zahn, Holland, Wayne S, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, Institut Lagrange de Paris, Sorbonne Université (SU), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), POLARBEAR, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Sorbonne Universités, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Inoue, Y, Ade, P, Akiba, Y, Aleman, C, Arnold, K, Baccigalupi, C, Barch, B, Barron, D, Bender, A, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Chapman, S, Chinone, Y, Cukierman, A, De Haan, T, Dobbs, M, Ducout, A, Dunner, R, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Feng, C, Fuller, G, Gilbert, A, Goeckner-Wald, N, Groh, J, Hall, G, Halverson, N, Hamada, T, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hazumi, M, Hill, C, Holzapfel, W, Hori, Y, Howe, L, Irie, F, Jaehnig, G, Jaffe, A, Jeong, O, Katayama, N, Kaufman, J, Kazemzadeh, K, Keating, B, Kermish, Z, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kusaka, A, Le Jeune, M, Lee, A, Leon, D, Linder, E, Lowry, L, Matsuda, F, Matsumura, T, Miller, N, Mizukami, K, Montgomery, J, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Paar, H, Peloton, J, Poletti, D, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Rebeiz, G, Reichardt, C, Richards, P, Ross, C, Rotermund, K, Segawa, Y, Sherwin, B, Shirley, I, Siritanasak, P, Stebor, N, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takada, S, Takatori, S, Teply, G, Tikhomirov, A, Tomaru, T, Whitehorn, N, Zahn, A, Zahn, O, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA )

Subjects
[ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Cosmic microwave background, cosmic background radiation: polarization, Gravitational Wave, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, Polarization, Cosmic Microwave Background, neutrino: mass, mirror, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Weak gravitational lensing, Physics, Equipment and services, Settore FIS/05, superconductivity, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Bolometers, Polarization (waves), vacuum system, astro-ph.CO, readout, Neutrino, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, IR filter, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), lens, Bolometer, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 010309 optics, POLARBEAR-2, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Sensors, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation: primordial, temperature, millimeter wave, optics, Gravitational lens, Extremely high frequency, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

POLARBEAR-2 (PB-2) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment that will be located in the Atacama highland in Chile at an altitude of 5200 m. Its science goals are to measure the CMB polarization signals originating from both primordial gravitational waves and weak lensing. PB-2 is designed to measure the tensor to scalar ratio, r, with precision {\sigma}(r) < 0.01, and the sum of neutrino masses, {\Sigma}m{\nu}, with {\sigma}({\Sigma}m{\nu}) < 90 meV. To achieve these goals, PB-2 will employ 7588 transition-edge sensor bolometers at 95 GHz and 150 GHz, which will be operated at the base temperature of 250 mK. Science observations will begin in 2017., Comment: 9pages,8figures

Published
2016
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20. The Simons Array CMB polarization experiment

Author

N. Stebor, P. Ade, Y. Akiba, C. Aleman, K. Arnold, C. Baccigalupi, B. Barch, D. Barron, S. Beckman, A. Bender, D. Boettger, J. Borrill, S. Chapman, Y. Chinone, A. Cukierman, T. de Haan, M. Dobbs, A. Ducout, R. Dunner, T. Elleflot, J. Errard, G. Fabbian, S. Feeney, C. Feng, T. Fujino, G. Fuller, A. J. Gilbert, N. Goeckner-Wald, J. Groh, G. Hall, N. Halverson, T. Hamada, M. Hasegawa, K. Hattori, M. Hazumi, C. Hill, W. L. Holzapfel, Y. Hori, L. Howe, Y. Inoue, F. Irie, G. Jaehnig, A. Jaffe, O. Jeong, N. Katayama, J. P. Kaufman, K. Kazemzadeh, B. G. Keating, Z. Kermish, R. Keskitalo, T. Kisner, A. Kusaka, M. Le Jeune, A. T. Lee, D. Leon, E. V. Linder, L. Lowry, F. Matsuda, T. Matsumura, N. Miller, J. Montgomery, M. Navaroli, H. Nishino, H. Paar, J. Peloton, D. Poletti, G. Puglisi, C. R. Raum, G. M. Rebeiz, C. L. Reichardt, P. L. Richards, C. Ross, K. M. Rotermund, Y. Segawa, B. D. Sherwin, I. Shirley, P. Siritanasak, L. Steinmetz, R. Stompor, A. Suzuki, O. Tajima, S. Takada, S. Takatori, G. P. Teply, A. Tikhomirov, T. Tomaru, B. Westbrook, N. Whitehorn, A. Zahn, O. Zahn, Institut Lagrange de Paris, Sorbonne Universités, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Sorbonne Université (SU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Stebor, N, Ade, P, Akiba, Y, Aleman, C, Arnold, K, Baccigalupi, C, Barch, B, Barron, D, Beckman, S, Bender, A, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Chapman, S, Chinone, Y, Cukierman, A, De Haan, T, Dobbs, M, Ducout, A, Dunner, R, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Feng, C, Fujino, T, Fuller, G, Gilbert, A, Goeckner-Wald, N, Groh, J, Hall, G, Halverson, N, Hamada, T, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hazumi, M, Hill, C, Holzapfel, W, Hori, Y, Howe, L, Inoue, Y, Irie, F, Jaehnig, G, Jaffe, A, Jeong, O, Katayama, N, Kaufman, J, Kazemzadeh, K, Keating, B, Kermish, Z, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kusaka, A, Le Jeune, M, Lee, A, Leon, D, Linder, E, Lowry, L, Matsuda, F, Matsumura, T, Miller, N, Montgomery, J, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Paar, H, Peloton, J, Poletti, D, Puglisi, G, Raum, C, Rebeiz, G, Reichardt, C, Richards, P, Ross, C, Rotermund, K, Segawa, Y, Sherwin, B, Shirley, I, Siritanasak, P, Steinmetz, L, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Tajima, O, Takada, S, Takatori, S, Teply, G, Tikhomirov, A, Tomaru, T, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Zahn, A, Zahn, O, Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Holland, Wayne S, Zmuidzinas, Jonas, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)

Subjects
Gark energy, Cosmic microwave background, Observatories, cosmic background radiation: polarization, 01 natural sciences, Receivers, Multiplexing, law.invention, Cosmic microwave background radiation, law, Observatory, Polarization, Superconductors, dark energy, Physics, Settore FIS/05, precision measurement, superconductivity, polarimeters, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, neutrinos, Polarization (waves), Bolometers, cryogenics, amplifier, interference: quantum, Dark matter, gravitational lensing, Gravitational lensing, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, dark matter, cosmic background radiation: B-mode, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, bolometer, 0103 physical sciences, Neutrino, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], inflation, 010306 general physics, detector: design, activity report, cosmic microwave background radiation, polarization, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Sensors, Bolometer, Astronomy, Polarimeter, Inflation, Amplifiers, Gravitational lens, Antennas, Transition edge sensor, Telescopes
Abstract

International audience; The Simons Array is a next generation cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment whose science target is a precision measurement of the B-mode polarization pattern produced both by inflation and by gravitational lensing. As a continuation and extension of the successful POLARBEAR experimental program, the Simons Array will consist of three cryogenic receivers each featuring multichroic bolometer arrays mounted onto separate 3.5m telescopes. The first of these, also called POLARBEAR-2A, will be the first to deploy in late 2016 and has a large diameter focal plane consisting of dual-polarization dichroic pixels sensitive at 95 GHz and 150 GHz. The POLARBEAR-2A focal plane will utilize 7,588 antenna-coupled superconducting transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers read out with SQUID amplifiers using frequency domain multiplexing techniques. The next two receivers that will make up the Simons Array will be nearly identical in overall design but will feature extended frequency capability. The combination of high sensitivity, multichroic frequency coverage and large sky area available from our mid-latitude Chilean observatory will allow Simons Array to produce high quality polarization sky maps over a wide range of angular scales and to separate out the CMB B-modes from other astrophysical sources with high fidelity. After accounting for galactic foreground separation, the Simons Array will detect the primordial gravitational wave B-mode signal to r > 0.01 with a significance of > 5σ and will constrain the sum of neutrino masses to 40 meV (1σ) when cross-correlated with galaxy surveys. We present the current status of this funded experiment, its future, and discuss its projected science return.© (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
2016
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21. The POLARBEAR-2 and the Simons Array Experiment

Author

Peter A. R. Ade, O. Zahn, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, Suguru Takada, Josquin Errard, D. Poletti, Zigmund Kermish, K. Mizukami, Carlo Baccigalupi, Darcy Barron, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Theodore Kisner, Christopher Raum, G. Hall, R. Dunner, Joshua Montgomery, Tucker Elleflot, Paul L. Richards, A. J. Gilbert, Stephen M. Feeney, M. Navaroli, T. Fujino, Nathan Stebor, Aritoki Suzuki, S. Takatori, D. Boettger, M. A. Dobbs, J. Kaufman, T. Yamashita, Eric V. Linder, Giulio Fabbian, Y. Akiba, Adrian T. Lee, A. Tikhomirov, B. Westbrook, Tomotake Matsumura, Jose H. Groh, Amy N. Bender, Masaya Hasegawa, Scott Chapman, Brian Keating, Colin Ross, Nathan J. Miller, Y. Hori, Radek Stompor, L. Howe, Reijo Keskitalo, A. Ducout, H. Nishino, A. Cukierman, G. Jaehnig, Takayuki Tomaru, I. Shirley, K. M. Rotermund, Osamu Tajima, Masashi Hazumi, D. Leon, Christian L. Reichardt, Kam Arnold, Blake D. Sherwin, Praween Siritanasak, J. Peloton, Kaori Hattori, T. Hamada, L. Lowry, M. Le Jeune, C. Aleman, Giuseppe Puglisi, Jun-ichi Suzuki, F. Irie, Akito Kusaka, W. Holzapfel, O. B. Jeong, Julian Borrill, Chang Feng, A. Zahn, Yuji Chinone, Nobuhiko Katayama, N. Whitehorn, Y. Segawa, K. Kazemzadeh, S. Takakura, Andrew H. Jaffe, N. W. Halverson, T. de Haan, Yuki Inoue, Frederick Matsuda, C. Hill, G. Fuller, Université Paris-Sorbonne (UP4), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), POLARBEAR, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Suzuki, A, Ade, P, Akiba, Y, Aleman, C, Arnold, K, Baccigalupi, C, Barch, B, Barron, D, Bender, A, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Chapman, S, Chinone, Y, Cukierman, A, Dobbs, M, Ducout, A, Dunner, R, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feeney, S, Feng, C, Fujino, T, Fuller, G, Gilbert, A, Goeckner-Wald, N, Groh, J, Haan, T, Hall, G, Halverson, N, Hamada, T, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hazumi, M, Hill, C, Holzapfel, W, Hori, Y, Howe, L, Inoue, Y, Irie, F, Jaehnig, G, Jaffe, A, Jeong, O, Katayama, N, Kaufman, J, Kazemzadeh, K, Keating, B, Kermish, Z, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Kusaka, A, Jeune, M, Lee, A, Leon, D, Linder, E, Lowry, L, Matsuda, F, Matsumura, T, Miller, N, Mizukami, K, Montgomery, J, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Peloton, J, Poletti, D, Puglisi, G, Rebeiz, G, Raum, C, Reichardt, C, Richards, P, Ross, C, Rotermund, K, Segawa, Y, Sherwin, B, Shirley, I, Siritanasak, P, Stebor, N, Stompor, R, Suzuki, J, Tajima, O, Takada, S, Takakura, S, Takatori, S, Tikhomirov, A, Tomaru, T, Westbrook, B, Whitehorn, N, Yamashita, T, Zahn, A, Zahn, O, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Université Paris-Sorbonne ( UP4 ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA )

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, Inflation, Gravitational weak lensing, Polarization, B-mode, [ PHYS.ASTR ] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], cosmic background radiation, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, pixel, optical, General Materials Science, neutrino: mass, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Weak gravitational lensing, Mathematical Physics, Physics, Settore FIS/05, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, astro-ph.CO, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, General Physics, noise, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Frequency band, Classical Physics, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Noise-equivalent temperature, Optics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, gravitation: lens, bolometer, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Gravitational wave, gravitational radiation, temperature, sensitivity, Transition edge sensor, business, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We present an overview of the design and status of the \Pb-2 and the Simons Array experiments. \Pb-2 is a Cosmic Microwave Background polarimetry experiment which aims to characterize the arc-minute angular scale B-mode signal from weak gravitational lensing and search for the degree angular scale B-mode signal from inflationary gravitational waves. The receiver has a 365~mm diameter focal plane cooled to 270~milli-Kelvin. The focal plane is filled with 7,588 dichroic lenslet-antenna coupled polarization sensitive Transition Edge Sensor (TES) bolometric pixels that are sensitive to 95~GHz and 150~GHz bands simultaneously. The TES bolometers are read-out by SQUIDs with 40 channel frequency domain multiplexing. Refractive optical elements are made with high purity alumina to achieve high optical throughput. The receiver is designed to achieve noise equivalent temperature of 5.8~$\mu$K$_{CMB}\sqrt{s}$ in each frequency band. \Pb-2 will deploy in 2016 in the Atacama desert in Chile. The Simons Array is a project to further increase sensitivity by deploying three \Pb-2 type receivers. The Simons Array will cover 95~GHz, 150~GHz and 220~GHz frequency bands for foreground control. The Simons Array will be able to constrain tensor-to-scalar ratio and sum of neutrino masses to $\sigma(r) = 6\times 10^{-3}$ at $r = 0.1$ and $\sum m_\nu (\sigma =1)$ to 40 meV., Comment: Accepted to Journal of Low Temperature Physics LTD16 Special Issue, Low Temperature Detector 16 Conference Proceedings, 5 pages, 1 figure

Published
2015
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22. Evidence for Gravitational Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background Polarization from Cross-Correlation with the Cosmic Infrared Background

Author

Aritoki Suzuki, Frederick Matsuda, Daniel Flanigan, Meir Shimon, Kam Arnold, Nathan J. Miller, Colin Ross, X. Meng, Y. Akiba, S. Takakura, A. E. Anthony, Y. Hori, Josquin Errard, D. Poletti, Julian Borrill, Hans P. Paar, Tomotake Matsumura, Yuki Inoue, Yuji Chinone, Takayuki Tomaru, W. L. Holzapfel, D. E. Schenck, Jonathon Howard, S. Moyerman, Tucker Elleflot, M. A. Dobbs, Nathan Stebor, P. Hyland, A. Tikhomirov, Paul L. Richards, I. Schanning, M. Le Jeune, Eric V. Linder, Masaya Hasegawa, Christian L. Reichardt, Giulio Fabbian, M. Atlas, Andrew H. Jaffe, J. Peloton, H. Morii, Oliver Zahn, A. Shimizu, Kaori Hattori, E. M. Leitch, Helmuth Spieler, Scott Chapman, N. W. Halverson, E. Quealy, Masashi Hazumi, William F. Grainger, M. J. Myers, Graeme Smecher, Chang Feng, Blake D. Sherwin, Darcy Barron, Theodore Kisner, Marius Lungu, Reijo Keskitalo, Bryan Steinbach, G. Jaehnig, Peter A. R. Ade, Praween Siritanasak, Kaja Rotermund, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, Amit P. S. Yadav, M. Navaroli, Colin Borys, Zigmund Kermish, Radek Stompor, Adrian T. Lee, A. J. Gilbert, B. Wilson, Brian Keating, D. Boettger, Chase Owen Shimmin, H. Nishino, Dalhousie University [Halifax], AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), The University of Tokyo, Ade, P, Akiba, Y, Anthony, A, Arnold, K, Atlas, M, Barron, D, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Borys, C, Chapman, S, Chinone, Y, Dobbs, M, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feng, C, Flanigan, D, Gilbert, A, Grainger, W, Halverson, N, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hazumi, M, Holzapfel, W, Hori, Y, Howard, J, Hyland, P, Inoue, Y, Jaehnig, G, Jaffe, A, Keating, B, Kermish, Z, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Le Jeune, M, Lee, A, Leitch, E, Linder, E, Lungu, M, Matsuda, F, Matsumura, T, Meng, X, Miller, N, Morii, H, Moyerman, S, Myers, M, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Paar, H, Peloton, J, Poletti, D, Quealy, E, Rebeiz, G, Reichardt, C, Richards, P, Ross, C, Rotermund, K, Schanning, I, Schenck, D, Sherwin, B, Shimizu, A, Shimmin, C, Shimon, M, Siritanasak, P, Smecher, G, Spieler, H, Stebor, N, Steinbach, B, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Takakura, S, Tikhomirov, A, Tomaru, T, Wilson, B, Yadav, A, Zahn, O, APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, POLARBEAR, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and University of California (UC)

Subjects
Physics, Gravitational Lensing, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), [SDU.ASTR.CO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Strong gravitational lensing, Cosmic microwave background, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, General Physics and Astronomy, Astronomy, Spectral density, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Polarization (waves), Cosmology, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Gravitational lens, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, Cosmic infrared background, Cosmic Microwave Background, Weak gravitational lensing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We reconstruct the gravitational lensing convergence signal from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) polarization data taken by the POLARBEAR experiment and cross-correlate it with Cosmic Infrared Background (CIB) maps from the Herschel satellite. From the cross-spectra, we obtain evidence for gravitational lensing of the CMB polarization at a statistical significance of 4.0$\sigma$ and evidence for the presence of a lensing $B$-mode signal at a significance of 2.3$\sigma$. We demonstrate that our results are not biased by instrumental and astrophysical systematic errors by performing null-tests, checks with simulated and real data, and analytical calculations. This measurement of polarization lensing, made via the robust cross-correlation channel, not only reinforces POLARBEAR auto-correlation measurements, but also represents one of the early steps towards establishing CMB polarization lensing as a powerful new probe of cosmology and astrophysics., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures. v2: replaced with version accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters. The companion paper (arXiv:1312.6646) describes a measurement of the polarization lensing power spectrum

Published
2014
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23. POLARBEAR CMB Polarization Experiment

Author

A. Ghribi, Brian Keating, Josquin Errard, M. Le Jeune, Takahiro Okamura, Matt Dobbs, W. L. Holzapfel, N. Katayama, A. Shimizu, Yuji Chinone, R. Stompor, Helmuth Spieler, Christian L. Reichardt, Gary A. Fuller, Yuki Inoue, Frederick Matsuda, Hans P. Paar, N. W. Halverson, M. J. Myers, S. Moyerman, Kaori Hattori, Nathan Stebor, Zigmund Kermish, Jun-ichi Suzuki, J. Borrill, J. Peloton, Y. Kaneko, Paul L. Richards, Peter A. R. Ade, Masaya Hasegawa, Darcy Barron, Adrian T. Lee, M. Sholl, E. Quealy, O. Zahn, Chang Feng, William F. Grainger, D. Boettger, H. Nishino, T. Matsumura, Daniel Flanigan, Marius Lungu, Nathan Miller, G. Jaehnig, Masashi Hazumi, Jonathon Howard, Amit Yadav, Colin Ross, Takayuki Tomaru, Meir Shimon, H. Morii, Carole Tucker, Kam Arnold, K. Tanaka, P. Siritanasak, Andrew H. Jaffe, N. Kimura, Eric V. Linder, P. Hyland, A. Suzuki, G. Fabbian, Bryan Steinbach, Roger O'Brient, S. Chapmann, Theodore Kisner, Y. Akiba, Chase Owen Shimmin, and A. E. Anthony

Subjects
Physics, Beam size, law, Polarization (politics), Bolometer, Cosmic microwave background, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Cosmological model, law.invention
Published
2014
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24. Thermal and optical characterization for POLARBEAR-2 optical system

Author

Suguru Takada, A. E. Anthony, D. E. Schenck, Takayuki Tomaru, Radek Stompor, G. Jaehnig, Amit P. S. Yadav, Theodore Kisner, Takahiro Okamura, Masashi Hazumi, J. Peloton, Kam Arnold, M. Navaroli, Blake D. Sherwin, J. Borrilll, H. Morii, Yuji Chinone, Paul L. Richards, Christian L. Reichardt, Scott Chapman, Darcy Barron, M. Atlas, Zigmund Kermish, Kaori Hattori, Aritoki Suzuki, A. Cukierman, N. W. Halverson, M. J. Myers, Chang Feng, M. Sholl, Hans P. Paar, Tomotake Matsumura, Andrew H. Jaffe, S. Takakura, A. J. Gilbert, Reijo Keskitalo, M. A. Dobbs, Graeme Smecher, Bryan Steinbach, Colin Ross, Amy N. Bender, Tucker Elleflot, B. Wilson, Eric V. Linder, D. Boettger, Brian Keating, Peter A. R. Ade, Adrian T. Lee, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, Praween Siritanasak, G. Fabbian, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Nathan Stebor, Masaya Hasegawa, E. M. Leitch, Y. Akiba, O. Zahn, Frederick Matsuda, M. Le Jeune, H. Yamaguchi, Y. Hori, Yuki Inoue, N. Katayama, Josquin Errard, D. Poletti, W. L. Holzapfel, H. Nishino, and X. Meng

Subjects
Cryostat, IR filter, Infrared, Aperture, Bolometer, Physics::Optics, Gravitational Wave, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, law.invention, POLARBEAR-2, Optics, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, law, Polarization, Cosmic Microwave Background, Infrared cut-off filter, Physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, millimeter wave, Cardinal point, Optoelectronics, Transition edge sensor, business, Refractive index
Abstract

POLARBEAR-2 (PB-2) is a cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment for B-mode detection. The PB-2 receiver has a large focal plane and aperture that consists of 7588 transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers at 250 mK. The receiver consists of the optical cryostat housing reimaging lenses and infrared filters, and the detector cryostat housing TES bolometers. The large focal plane places substantial requirements on the thermal design of the optical elements at the 4K, 50K, and 300K stages. Infrared filters and lenses inside the optical cryostat are made of alumina for this purpose. We measure basic properties of alumina, such as the index of refraction, loss tangent and thermal conductivity. All results meet our requirements. We also optically characterize filters and lenses made of alumina. Finally, we perform a cooling test of the entire optical cryostat. All measured temperature values satisfy our requirements. In particular, the temperature rise between the center and edge of the alumina infrared filter at 50 K is only 2:0 ± 1:4 K. Based on the measurements, we estimate the incident power to each thermal stage. © (2014) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Published
2014

25. The Simons Array: expanding POLARBEAR to three multi-chroic telescopes

Author

Amit P. S. Yadav, Tomotake Matsumura, M. Navaroli, Reijo Keskitalo, Zigmund Kermish, Bryan Steinbach, Y. Akiba, S. Takakura, A. E. Anthony, A. Cukierman, Peter A. R. Ade, Paul L. Richards, N. W. Halverson, M. J. Myers, Takahiro Okamura, Tucker Elleflot, Jun-ichi Suzuki, Amy N. Bender, Nathan J. Miller, Praween Siritanasak, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, X. Meng, E. M. Leitch, O. Zahn, Eric V. Linder, Neil Goeckner-Wald, Giulio Fabbian, M. Atlas, D. E. Schenck, Andrew H. Jaffe, Brian Keating, Aritoki Suzuki, J. Peloton, Takayuki Tomaru, Adrian T. Lee, Kam Arnold, Frederick Matsuda, M. Le Jeune, Julian Borrill, Christopher Raum, Chang Feng, M. A. Dobbs, Josquin Errard, Yuji Chinone, D. Poletti, N. Katayama, K. M. Rotermund, Radek Stompor, W. L. Holzapfel, Nathan Stebor, Darcy Barron, Theodore Kisner, Graeme Smecher, I. Shirley, A. J. Gilbert, M. Sholl, B. Wilson, Hans P. Paar, Masaya Hasegawa, H. Nishino, G. Jaehnig, D. Boettger, Masashi Hazumi, Blake D. Sherwin, Colin Ross, Christian L. Reichardt, Kaori Hattori, H. Morii, Scott Chapman, Suguru Takada, Y. Hori, Yuki Inoue, Zmuidzinas, J, Holland, WS, Arnold, K, Stebor, N, Ade, P, Akiba, Y, Anthony, A, Atlas, M, Barron, D, Bender, A, Boettger, D, Borrill, J, Chapman, S, Chinone, Y, Cukierman, A, Dobbs, M, Elleflot, T, Errard, J, Fabbian, G, Feng, C, Gilbert, A, Goeckner-Wald, N, Halverson, N, Hasegawa, M, Hattori, K, Hazumi, M, Holzapfel, W, Hori, Y, Inoue, Y, Jaehnig, G, Jaffe, A, Katayama, N, Keating, B, Kermish, Z, Keskitalo, R, Kisner, T, Le Jeune, M, Lee, A, Leitch, E, Linder, E, Matsuda, F, Matsumura, T, Meng, X, Miller, N, Morii, H, Myers, M, Navaroli, M, Nishino, H, Okamura, T, Paar, H, Peloton, J, Poletti, D, Raum, C, Rebeiz, G, Reichardt, C, Richards, P, Ross, C, Rotermund, K, Schenck, D, Sherwin, B, Shirley, I, Sholl, M, Siritanasak, P, Smecher, G, Steinbach, B, Stompor, R, Suzuki, A, Suzuki, J, Takada, S, Takakura, S, Tomaru, T, Wilson, B, Yadav, A, Zahn, O, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, Dark matter, Cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, cosmic background radiation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, dark matter, neutrino, Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, bolometer, 0103 physical sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], inflation, dark energy, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, detector: design, activity report, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Linear polarization, polarimeter, polarimeters, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, neutrinos, Astronomy, sensitivity, Dark energy, Baryon acoustic oscillations, photon: detector, Neutrino
Abstract

International audience; The Simons Array is an expansion of the POLARBEAR cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization experiment currently observing from the Atacama Desert in Northern Chile. This expansion will create an array of three 3.5m telescopes each coupled to a multichroic bolometric receiver. The Simons Array will have the sensitivity to produce a ≥ 5σ detection of inationary gravitational waves with a tensor-to-scalar ratio r ≥ 0:01, detect the known minimum 58 meV sum of the neutrino masses with 3σ confidence when combined with a next-generation baryon acoustic oscillation measurement, and make a lensing map of large-scale structure over the 80% of the sky available from its Chilean site. These goals require high sensitivity and the ability to extract the CMB signal from contaminating astrophysical foregrounds; these requirements are met by coupling the three high-throughput telescopes to novel multichroic lenslet-coupled pixels each measuring CMB photons in both linear polarization states over multiple spectral bands. We present the status of this instrument already under construction, and an analysis of its capabilities.

Published
2014
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26. A MEASUREMENT OF THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUNDB-MODE POLARIZATION POWER SPECTRUM AT SUB-DEGREE SCALES WITH POLARBEAR

Author

Meir Shimon, S. Takakura, Tomotake Matsumura, J. Peloton, Radek Stompor, Tucker Elleflot, Daniel Flanigan, M. Atlas, Masashi Hazumi, Chang Feng, A. E. Anthony, Eric V. Linder, S. Moyerman, Oliver Zahn, Josquin Errard, Blake D. Sherwin, Nathan Stebor, Julian Borrill, Giulio Fabbian, I. Schanning, Hans P. Paar, D. Poletti, Gabriel M. Rebeiz, H. Morii, William F. Grainger, Y. Akiba, W. L. Holzapfel, Masaya Hasegawa, Scott Chapman, Yuji Chinone, M. Le Jeune, N. W. Halverson, Colin Ross, M. J. Myers, Paul L. Richards, Kam Arnold, Andrew H. Jaffe, Aritoki Suzuki, Brian Keating, Amit P. S. Yadav, Nathan J. Miller, G. Jaehnig, M. Navaroli, E. M. Leitch, Zigmund Kermish, A. J. Gilbert, Helmuth Spieler, A. Orlando, B. Wilson, D. Boettger, Praween Siritanasak, Chase Owen Shimmin, H. Nishino, Darcy Barron, Marius Lungu, M. A. Dobbs, Christian L. Reichardt, Kaori Hattori, X. Meng, D. E. Schenck, Takayuki Tomaru, E. Quealy, Graeme Smecher, J. Howard, Reijo Keskitalo, P. Hyland, Bryan Steinbach, Theodore Kisner, Y. Hori, Yuki Inoue, Frederick Matsuda, A. Shimizu, Adrian T. Lee, Institut de biologie et chimie des protéines [Lyon] (IBCP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Advanced Fusion Research Center, Kyushu University-Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, RIKEN IFREQ, National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics (INFLPR), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of surgery and cancer - Faculty of medecine, Imperial College London, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Institute for Advanced Study [Princeton] (IAS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Kyushu University [Fukuoka]-Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Department of Geological Sciences [BYU], Brigham Young University (BYU), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Génotypage (CNG), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), The University of Tokyo (UTokyo), University of Auckland [Auckland], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The University of Tokyo, Département de Physique Théorique, Université de Genève (UNIGE), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Science and Technology Facilities Council [2006-2012], Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, and PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
Cosmic microwave background, cosmic background radiation, Astrophysics, CMB, UPPER LIMIT, 01 natural sciences, Cosmology, GHZ, cosmology: observations, large-scale structure of universe, MAPS, TEMPERATURE, 20 GHZ, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, ANGULAR SCALE, media_common, CALIBRATION, 0306 Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, BEAMS, GRAVITY-WAVES, Physical Sciences, 0202 Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, astro-ph.CO, SUBMILLIMETER, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), media_common.quotation_subject, Cosmic background radiation, FOS: Physical sciences, Lambda-CDM model, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astronomy & Astrophysics, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0201 Astronomical and Space Sciences, 0103 physical sciences, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Inflation (cosmology), Science & Technology, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gravitational wave, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Universe, Gravitational lens, Space and Planetary Science, PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS, High Energy Physics::Experiment, EMISSION, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], astro-ph.IM
Abstract

We report a measurement of the B-mode polarization power spectrum in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) using the POLARBEAR experiment in Chile. The faint B-mode polarization signature carries information about the Universe's entire history of gravitational structure formation, and the cosmic inflation that may have occurred in the very early Universe. Our measurement covers the angular multipole range 500 < l < 2100 and is based on observations of an effective sky area of 25 square degrees with 3.5 arcmin resolution at 150 GHz. On these angular scales, gravitational lensing of the CMB by intervening structure in the Universe is expected to be the dominant source of B-mode polarization. Including both systematic and statistical uncertainties, the hypothesis of no B-mode polarization power from gravitational lensing is rejected at 97.1% confidence. The band powers are consistent with the standard cosmological model. Fitting a single lensing amplitude parameter A_BB to the measured band powers, A_BB = 1.12 +/- 0.61 (stat) +0.04/-0.12 (sys) +/- 0.07 (multi), where A_BB = 1 is the fiducial WMAP-9 LCDM value. In this expression, "stat" refers to the statistical uncertainty, "sys" to the systematic uncertainty associated with possible biases from the instrument and astrophysical foregrounds, and "multi" to the calibration uncertainties that have a multiplicative effect on the measured amplitude A_BB., 22 pages, 12 figures. v3 is updated to reflect the erratum published in ApJ 2017 848:73, which changed the rejection of the hypothesis of no B-mode polarization power from gravitational lensing from 97.2% to 97.1%

Published
2014
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27. Tables for the evaluation of ∫₀^{∞}𝑥^{𝛽}𝑒^{-𝑥}𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 by Gauss-Laguerre quadrature

Author

E. Melby, G. Jaehnig, P. Concus, and D. Cassatt

Subjects
Computational Mathematics, Algebra and Number Theory, Applied Mathematics, Gauss–Laguerre quadrature, Applied mathematics, Mathematics
Abstract

Tables of abscissae and weight coefficients to fifteen places are presented for the Gauss-Laguerre quadrature formula ∫ 0 ∞ x β e − x f ( x ) d x ∼ ∑ k = 1 n H k f ( a k ) \int _0^\infty {{x^\beta }{e^{ - x}}f(x)dx \sim \sum \limits _{k = 1}^n {{H_k}f({a_k})} } for β = − 1 4 , − 1 2 , and − 3 4 \beta = - \tfrac {1}{4}, - \tfrac {1}{2},{\text {and}} - \tfrac {3}{4} and n = 1(1)15.

Published
1963
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30. Experimental characterization of a planar phase-engineered metamaterial lenslet for millimeter astronomy.

Author

Gascard T, Pisano G, Doyle S, Thompson J, Shitvov A, Austermann J, Beall J, Hubmayr J, Raymond B, Halverson N, Jaehnig G, McKenney CM, and Suzuki A

Abstract

To unveil presently inscrutable details of the origins of our universe imprinted in the cosmic microwave background, future experiments in the millimeter and submillimeter range are focusing on the detection of fine features, which necessitate large and sensitive detector arrays to enable multichroic mapping of the sky. Currently, various approaches for coupling light to such detectors are under investigation, namely, coherently summed hierarchical arrays, platelet horns, and antenna-coupled planar lenslets. The last option offers increased bandwidth and a simpler fabrication while maintaining the desired optical performance. In this work, the design, fabrication, and experimental characterization of a prototype planar metamaterial phase-engineered lenslet operating in W-band [75 GHz; 110 GHz] is presented. Its radiated field, initially modeled and measured on a systematics-limited optical bench, is compared against a simulated hyperhemispherical lenslet, a more established technology. It is reported here that our device reaches the cosmic microwave background (CMB) specification for the next stages of experiments, demonstrating power coupling above 95% and beam Gaussicity above 97% while maintaining ellipticity below 10% and a cross-polarization level below -21 d B through its operating bandwidth. Such results underline the potential advantages our lenslet can offer as focal optics for future CMB experiments.

Published
2023
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31. Development of Flat Silicon-Based Mesh Lens Arrays for Millimeter and Sub-millimeter Wave Astronomy.

Author

Pisano G, Austermann J, Beall J, Halverson N, Hubmayr J, Jaehnig G, McKenney CM, Raymond B, and Suzuki A

Abstract

The high sensitivity requirements set by future cosmic microwave background instruments are pushing the current technologies to produce highly performant focal plane arrays with thousands of detectors. The coupling of the detectors to the telescope optics is a challenging task. Current implemented solutions include phased-array antenna-coupled detectors, platelet horn arrays, and lenslet-coupled planar antennas. There are also recent developments of flat graded-index lenses based on etched silicon. However, there are strong requirements in terms of electromagnetic performance, such as coupling efficiency and bandwidth, as well as requirements in terms of easy manufacturing and scalability, and it is very challenging to meet all these requirements with one of the above solutions. Here, we present a novel approach for producing flat metal-mesh lenslet arrays based on devices previously realized using the mesh-filter technology. We have now adapted the polypropylene-based mesh lens design to silicon substrates, thus providing a good mechanical match to the silicon-based detector arrays. The measured performance of prototype pixels operating at millimeter wavelengths is presented., (© The Author(s) 2020.)

Published
2020
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