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The fabrication of dimple-texture is essential for reducing friction and wear in frictional interaction pairs. The tribological characteristics of the frictional interaction pairs can be improved by controlling the dimple pattern, the depth to diameter ratio, and the area density ratio. In this study, the tribological characteristics of tungsten carbide discs with various dimple-texture patterns and hardened AISI H-13 steel pins are tested experimentally using a pin on disc wear tester to identify the wear mechanism. Laser marking technology was utilized to fabricate the dimple-textures such as circular arrays of the honeycomb pattern and spherical dimple-texture pattern with varying area density ratios. The impact of dimple-texture patterns is examined experimentally under dry testing conditions. Dimple-textured surfaces have a positive influence as compared to non-textured smooth surfaces. Particularly, the spherical dimple-textured pattern reduces frictional coefficient and wear rate by 45% and 51%, respectively, compared to non-textured smooth surfaces. The dimple-texture pattern and area density ratio control are essential features in dimple-texturing.

Human resource managers have traditionally accorded employee performance as a prime focus. As a result, several performance appraisal techniques have been devised to help establish employee performance. In contemporary times, performance appraisals have been extended beyond rating the employee's performance to aspects such as motivation. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate the effectiveness of performance appraisal systems and their effect on employee motivation. The study's primary objectives pertained to establishing the moderating role of performance appraisal as a motivation tool and potential challenges. The study findings show significant positive outcomes when the organization uses performance appraisal as a motivation tool. Further, the study finds that more than one appraisal technique helps yield greater satisfaction and, consequently, higher motivational levels. The specific aspects of performance appraisal systems (PAS) that help improve motivation include linking performance to rewards, using the PAS to help set objectives and benchmarks, and using PA to help identify employees' strengths and weaknesses., {"references":["1.\tKuvaas, B. (2006), \"Performance appraisal satisfaction and employee outcomes: mediating and moderating roles of work motivation\", International Journal of Human Resource Management, Vol. 17 (3), pp. 504-522. 2.\tHarris, M. M. (1994). \"Rater Motivation in the Performance Appraisal Context: A Theoretical Framework.\" Journal of Management 20(4): 737-756. 13."]}

Human resource managers have traditionally accorded employee performance as a prime focus. As a result, several performance appraisal techniques have been devised to help establish employee performance. In contemporary times, performance appraisals have been extended beyond rating the employee's performance to aspects such as motivation. Accordingly, this study sought to investigate the effectiveness of performance appraisal systems and their effect on employee motivation. The study's primary objectives pertained to establishing the moderating role of performance appraisal as a motivation tool and potential challenges. The study findings show significant positive outcomes when the organization uses performance appraisal as a motivation tool. Further, the study finds that more than one appraisal technique helps yield greater satisfaction and, consequently, higher motivational levels. The specific aspects of performance appraisal systems (PAS) that help improve motivation include linking performance to rewards, using the PAS to help set objectives and benchmarks, and using PA to help identify employees' strengths and weaknesses., {"references":["1.\tBenita M. Beamon (1998), \"Supply chain design and analysis: Models and Methods\", International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.55, No. 3, pp. 281-294 2.\tGraves, S.C. and Willems, S.P., (2005), \"Optimizing the supply chain configuration for new products\", Management science, Vol. 51(8), pp. 1165-1180 3.\tTerry A. Taylor and Erica L. Plambeck (2007), \"Supply Chain Relationships and Contracts: The Impact of Repeated Interaction on Capacity Investment and Procurement\", Mgt. Science, Vol. 53(10), pp. 1577-1593 4.\tChi-Leung Chu and V. Jorge Leon (2009), \"Scalable methodology for supply chain inventory coordination with private information\", European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 195, pp. 262-279 5.\tSeifbarghy, M., Akbari, M. R. and Sajadieh, M. S., (2010), \"Analyzing the supply chain using SCOR model in a steel producing company\", 40th Int. conf. on computers & industrial engineering, Awaji Island, Japan 6.\tLiu, N. and Dong, J., (2010), \"Discussions on a new model of steel logistics based on modern supply chain management theory\", Management and service science, IEEE International conference, pp. 1-4 7.\tDaniel Rexhausen, Richard Pibernik and Gernot Kaiserd, (2012), \"The impact of demand and distribution management on supply chain success\", Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 30, Issue 4, pp. 269-281 8.\tDharamvir Mangal (2013), \"Supply Chain Management-A Quality Improving Tool in Process Industries\", Int. Journal of Application or Innovation in Engg and Mgt, Vol. 2(1), pp. 149-154 9.\tMohammad Reza Soltany and Ahmad Reza Sayadi (2013), \"Productivity Improvement in a Steel Industry using Supply Chain Management Technique\", Int. J. of Mining & Geo-Engg., Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 51-60 10.\tNallusamy S et al (2015), \"A Proposed Agile Based Supply Chain Model for Poultry Based Products in India\", International Journal of Poultry Science, Vol. 14(1), pp. 57-62"]}

Online shopping that glorious invention which allows people to buy things from the comfort of their homes. No more travelling to multiple stores to find the right product; no more having to deal with over-enthusiastic sales persons; no more standing in long lines at the checkout counter. The e-commerce boom has certainly changed the way we shop for the better. But, like everything else, the world of online shopping is not all roses. Despite all the efforts of e-commerce companies to alleviate them, there are a few problems that customers still have to face while shopping online., {"references":["1.\tAziz, N.N.A. and Wahid, N.A. (2018), \"Factors influencing online purchase intention among university students\", International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, Vol. 8 No. 7, pp. 702-717, doi: 10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i7/4413. 2.\tBanerjee, N., Dutta, A. and Dasgupta, T. (2010), \"A study on customers' attitude towards online shopping-An Indian perspective\", Indian Journal of Marketing, Vol. 40 No. 11, pp. 36-42. 3.\tBianchi, C. and Andrews, L. (2012), \"Risk, trust, and consumer online purchasing behaviour: a Chilean perspective\", International Marketing Review, Vol. 29 No. 3, pp. 253-275, doi: 10.1108/02651331211229750. 4.\tBilgihan, A. (2016), \"Gen Y customer loyalty in online shopping: an integrated model of trust, user experience and branding\", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 61, pp. 103-113, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.014. 5.\tCasalo, L., Flavián, C. and Guinalíu, M. (2008), \"The role of perceived usability, reputation, satisfaction and consumer familiarity on the website loyalty formation process\", Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 24 No. 2, pp. 325-345, doi: 10.1016/j.chb.2007.01.017. 6.\tChaturvedi, D., Gupta, D. and Singh Hada, D. (2016), \"Perceived risk, trust and information seeking behavior as antecedents of online apparel buying behavior in India: an exploratory study in context of Rajasthan\", International Review of Management and Marketing, Vol. 6 No. 4, pp. 935-943, doi: 10.2139/ssrn.3204971. 7.\tCheung, C.M. and Lee, M.K. (2003), \"An integrative model of consumer trust in internet shopping\", ECIS 2003 Proceedings, p. 48. 8.\tCho, C.H., Kang, J. and Cheon, H.J. (2006), \"Online shopping hesitation\", Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Vol. 9 No. 3, pp. 261-274, doi: 10.1089/cpb.2006.9.261."]}

The primary customer for castings in the world is the automotive industry, an industry that prides itself on well managed supply chains management (SCM). This Project investigates on the supply chain management of a medium scale foundry and how it works. Patterns, capital equipment, consumables all are needed to make the product which together makes the supply chain. SCM plays an essential role in the industry development, market survival, rate of production and the vibrant communication among the suppliers and customers. It has been met with increased recognition during the last decade both by academicians as well as practitioners. In today’s highly competitive marketplace a successful winner is one who has the ability to satisfy the end customer requirement. Foundry which was selected for this purpose is a medium ferrous foundry setup located in Pollachi , Coimbatore southern part of India which is established in the year 1996, committed to high technology from the very start, produces grey iron from low tensile to high tensile strength grades, Ductile Iron - Pearlitic Ductile Iron to various ranges of Ferrite Ductile Irons. Foundry also specializes in the production range of automobile items like brake drums, Brackets, Transmission Hubs, flywheels, Manifolds, gear box housings, castings for tractor application, valve body assembly castings, motor and pump castings and compressor part castings., {"references":["1.\tBenita M. Beamon (1998), \"Supply chain design and analysis: Models and Methods\", International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.55, No. 3, pp. 281-294 2.\tGraves, S.C. and Willems, S.P., (2005), \"Optimizing the supply chain configuration for new products\", Management science, Vol. 51(8), pp. 1165-1180 3.\tTerry A. Taylor and Erica L. Plambeck (2007), \"Supply Chain Relationships and Contracts: The Impact of Repeated Interaction on Capacity Investment and Procurement\", Mgt. Science, Vol. 53(10), pp. 1577-1593 4.\tChi-Leung Chu and V. Jorge Leon (2009), \"Scalable methodology for supply chain inventory coordination with private information\", European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 195, pp. 262-279 5.\tSeifbarghy, M., Akbari, M. R. and Sajadieh, M. S., (2010), \"Analyzing the supply chain using SCOR model in a steel producing company\", 40th Int. conf. on computers & industrial engineering, Awaji Island, Japan 6.\tLiu, N. and Dong, J., (2010), \"Discussions on a new model of steel logistics based on modern supply chain management theory\", Management and service science, IEEE International conference, pp. 1-4 7.\tDaniel Rexhausen, Richard Pibernik and Gernot Kaiserd, (2012), \"The impact of demand and distribution management on supply chain success\", Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 30, Issue 4, pp. 269-281 8.\tDharamvir Mangal (2013), \"Supply Chain Management-A Quality Improving Tool in Process Industries\", Int. Journal of Application or Innovation in Engg and Mgt, Vol. 2(1), pp. 149-154 9.\tMohammad Reza Soltany and Ahmad Reza Sayadi (2013), \"Productivity Improvement in a Steel Industry using Supply Chain Management Technique\", Int. J. of Mining & Geo-Engg., Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 51-60 10.\tNallusamy S et al (2015), \"A Proposed Agile Based Supply Chain Model for Poultry Based Products in India\", International Journal of Poultry Science, Vol. 14(1), pp. 57-62"]}

The primary customer for castings in the world is the automotive industry, an industry that prides itself on well managed supply chains management (SCM). This Project investigates on the supply chain management of a medium scale foundry and how it works. Patterns, capital equipment, consumables all are needed to make the product which together makes the supply chain. SCM plays an essential role in the industry development, market survival, rate of production and the vibrant communication among the suppliers and customers. It has been met with increased recognition during the last decade both by academicians as well as practitioners. In today’s highly competitive marketplace a successful winner is one who has the ability to satisfy the end customer requirement. Foundry which was selected for this purpose is a medium ferrous foundry setup located in Pollachi , Coimbatore southern part of India which is established in the year 1996, committed to high technology from the very start, produces grey iron from low tensile to high tensile strength grades, Ductile Iron - Pearlitic Ductile Iron to various ranges of Ferrite Ductile Irons. Foundry also specializes in the production range of automobile items like brake drums, Brackets, Transmission Hubs, flywheels, Manifolds, gear box housings, castings for tractor application, valve body assembly castings, motor and pump castings and compressor part castings., {"references":["1.\tBenita M. Beamon (1998), \"Supply chain design and analysis: Models and Methods\", International Journal of Production Economics, Vol.55, No. 3, pp. 281-294 2.\tChi-Leung Chu and V. Jorge Leon (2009), \"Scalable methodology for supply chain inventory coordination with private information\", European Journal of Operational Research, Vol. 195, pp. 262-279 3.\tDaniel Rexhausen, Richard Pibernik and Gernot Kaiserd, (2012), \"The impact of demand and distribution management on supply chain success\", Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 30, Issue 4, pp. 269-281 4.\tDharamvir Mangal (2013), \"Supply Chain Management-A Quality Improving Tool in Process Industries\", Int. Journal of Application or Innovation in Engg and Mgt, Vol. 2(1), pp. 149-154 5.\tGraves, S.C. and Willems, S.P., (2005), \"Optimizing the supply chain configuration for new products\", Management science, Vol. 51(8), pp. 1165-1180 6.\tLiu, N. and Dong, J., (2010), \"Discussions on a new model of steel logistics based on modern supply chain management theory\", Management and service science, IEEE International conference, pp. 1-4 7.\tMohammad Reza Soltany and Ahmad Reza Sayadi (2013), \"Productivity Improvement in a Steel Industry using Supply Chain Management Technique\", Int. J. of Mining & Geo-Engg., Vol. 47, No. 1, pp. 51-60 8.\tNallusamy S et al (2015), \"A Proposed Agile Based Supply Chain Model for Poultry Based Products in India\", International Journal of Poultry Science, Vol. 14(1), pp. 57-62 9.\tSeifbarghy, M., Akbari, M. R. and Sajadieh, M. S., (2010), \"Analyzing the supply chain using SCOR model in a steel producing company\", 40th Int. conf. on computers & industrial engineering, Awaji Island, Japan 10.\tTerry A. Taylor and Erica L. Plambeck (2007), \"Supply Chain Relationships and Contracts: The Impact of Repeated Interaction on Capacity Investment and Procurement\", Mgt. Science, Vol. 53(10), pp. 1577-159"]}

Online shopping is a form of electronic commerce which allows consumers to directly buy goods or services from a seller over the Internet using a web browser. Online shopping has grown in popularity over the years, mainly because people find it convenient and easy to bargain shop from the comfort of their home or office. One of the most enticing factor about online shopping, particularly during a holiday season, is it alternates the need to wait in long lines or search from store to store for a particular item. The Internet‘s largest and most meaningful impact may very well be on the way consumers shop for everything from gifts, gadgets and groceries to clothing and cars. Online shopping is used as a medium for communication and electronic commerce, it is to increase or improve in value, quality and attractiveness of delivering customer benefits and better satisfaction, that is why online shopping is more convenience and day by day increasing its popularity. But many problems are facing the customer while online purchase, in this current study issue faced by the customer while buying the product through online site., {"references":["1.\tKarthikeyan (2016), \"Problems faced by online customers\", International Journal of Current Research and Modern Education (IJCRME), Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 166-169, available at: http://ijcrme.rdmodernres earch.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/23.pdf 2.\tKatawetawaraks, C. and Wang, C.L. (2011), \"Online shopper behavior: influences of online shopping decision\", Asian Journal of Business Research, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 66-74, available at: https://ssrn.com/ abstract=2345198 3.\tKumar, M. (2016), \"Consumer behavior and satisfaction in e-commerce: a comparative study based on online shopping of some electronic gadgets\", International Journal of Research in Commerce and Management, Vol. 7 No. 7, pp. 62-67, available at: https://ijrcm.org.in/article_info.php?article_id=67 85 4.\tKuriachan, J.K. (2014), \"Online shopping problems and solutions\", New Media and Mass Communication, Vol. 23 No. 1, pp. 1-4, available at: www.academia.edu/download/34229456/Online _shopping_problems_and_solutions 5.\tLaudon, K.C. and Traver, C.G. (2009), E-Commerce Business. Technology. Society, 5th ed., Prentice Hall. 6.\tLawler, J.P. (2003), \"Customer loyalty and privacy on the web\", Journal of Internet Commerce, Vol. 2 No. 1, pp. 89-105, doi: 10.1300/J179v02n01_07."]}

Gearbox is used for the transmission purpose. The parameters like load, environmental effect, type of operation is affecting the carrier in planetary gearbox. The carrier employed in high torque involving stage will experience more forces, so those carriers are preferred with cast iron. But in industries, high torque industrial gearboxes are produced in large quantity so it leads to more investment and time consuming. To overcome that, we suggesting the carrier in the high torque gear box fabricated with structural steel. In this present study, numerical analysis on the casted and fabricated carrier was made. Furthermore, pressure and load are the input parameters selected for analysis. Total deformation, stress and fatigue life are assessed with NX – Nastran for every fatigue analysis. The various model modifications are produced and the analysis is performed using NX-Nastran software. The task is carried out using manual calculation and validation with the aid of kiss-software, and is carried out using SOLIDWORKS 2013, NX – NASTRAN software, through the aid of CAD modelling and final element analysis.

Solar based water heater takes on a key role in Energy management. Because of its performance, it is more than electric transformation. It has become the much-demonstrated and built-up tool in a large number of families in India to provide boiling water prerequisites. Solar assisted water heating is a very easy and effective approach to receiving and using the Solar’s energy. It has a conscious position among the energy clients, regardless of its low efficiency. Every progress in the design and experimental of the solar based -powered water heating system would therefore result to reduction of ordinary fuel and costs. The objective of this solar water heater is to enhance the thermal performance throughout the flat plate collector tube. Furthermore, to reduce the heat loss and to improve the heat transfer by modifying the geometric profile of riser tube. To generate the turbulence flow throughout riser tube to get a better heat transfer on the solar system. The modification of geometry is to create dimples inside the riser tube. The dimple is placing a circular type along the riser tube throughout its surface. Finally, the heat transfer is improving by the modifying riser tube. Finally, the experimental result is analysed with CFD software and the results are compared with the experimental solar water heater.

The demand for energy is growing tremendously due to the modernization in every aspect of life, hence in order to meet the demands without any lag in the growth and development of the world, an alternative source of energy needs to be found. The best alternative would be biofuels which are extracted from organic compounds. Out of many different organic sources available, algae are one among them, which can be used to extract biofuel. Algae are aquatic organisms which are found in all types of water bodies. Also, algae are plentily available and can be easily cultivated, to be considered as one of the potential raw material for production of biodiesel in large scale. In this present research, an experimental setup was fabricated to produce the algae oil. The algae species used for this investigation was Spirogyra sp. Solvent extraction method was used to produce algae oil. The Soxhlet apparatus was used to carry out the solvent extraction process. The solvent type used for the present study was n-hexane, which is an organic non-polar solvent suitable for extracting lipid content from the biomass. From the experiment, it was found that the oil extraction from 100% dried algae and finer size of algae resulted in higher percentage of oil extraction. For algae of mass 50 g, the oil yielded was around 83% for solid to solvent ratio of 1:5, particle size of 0.322 μm, and reaction time was of 3 h. Also, the oil extracted from the algae is characterized to identify its suitability for using it as an alternative fuel in the IC engines. The characterization revealed that, the physiochemical properties were in permissible range in comparison with the standard diesel.

Power conversion efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) depend not only on the dye to sensitize and the bandgap of photoanode but also on the cumulative effect of electrochemical properties of the electrolyte, dye and ion transport layers. This is a simple theoretical model for the impedance analysis of DSSC. This is a modified theoretical simulation with resistive weight-factor on electrochemical impedance of DSSC made of Bismuth Ferrite (BFO) and Aluminum-Copper doped Zinc Oxide-BFO (BiFeO3-(Al, Cu) ZnO) nanocomposite. Electron transport lifetime and charge collection efficiency are computed. The present work gives a fairly good explanation of the experimental measurements.

The hausmannite phase manganese oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by a simple chemical reflux method. Powder X-ray diffraction shows the well-crystalline structure of Mn3O4 spinel. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy study exhibited the Mn–O functional group vibrations in the hausmannite NPs. UV–visible spectroscopy study reveals that the optical bandgap energy of the manganese oxide nanoparticles is about 3.1[Formula: see text]eV. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that the surface morphologies of the manganese oxide nanoparticles are wrinkle structures. Cyclic voltammetry studies were carried out to the electrode of Mn3O4 NPs in KOH and Na2SO4. The charge–discharge analysis and impedance spectroscopy method analysis were made on Mn3O4 NPs to understand the electrochemical performance. The ability of synthesized Mn3O4 NPs electrodes was analyzed and compared with the existing materials for the supercapacitor applications.

Hemato-oncologic patients on chemotherapy or undergoing bone marrow transplantation are susceptible to infections due to neutropenia. Incidences of febrile neutropenia (FN) in these patients are common, contributing to high mortality and morbidity. Lack of diagnosis of pathogens responsible for infections in these patients is a major healthcare challenge. Newer molecular diagnostics are increasingly becoming relevant. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Syndrome Evaluation System (SES), a multiplex molecular diagnostic platform for diagnosis of pathogens, and its impact on the management of FN.In total, 34 neutropenic episodes from 21 patients admitted during September 2013 to April 2015 were analyzed in this study. Clinical samples from patients were tested on SES and routine culture. Treatment was as per standard of care.SES showed a 5-fold higher clinical sensitivity (55.9%) as compared to automated culture (11.1%). SES results were available within 14 hours as compared to72 hours for culture, and elucidated change in antimicrobial therapy in 50% of episodes. Mortality rates were lower when SES was used early in the episode. De-escalation of antimicrobials according to SES results was possible, which translated into substantial cost saving.Newer non-culture-based molecular technologies like SES are changing the way we manage FN. It is faster, has a higher diagnostic yield as compared to traditional culture, and helps in making rapid, evidence-based therapeutic decision-making including de-escalation of antimicrobials. It would potentially lead to a reduction in mortality and healthcare cost in the long run.

This work represents finger print based System for driving licensing verification. One of the most important new technologies in this century is biometrics. Our ability to secure and protect sensitive data and facilities is becoming increasingly critical as the world becomes more volatile and potentially susceptible to fraudulent forces. From these different available biometric features, one that provides a high mismatch ratio and consistency is fingerprint recognition. In several countries, driving without a license is a serious problem. According to the survey, unlicensed drivers were responsible for the majority of the incidents. So, a new system is proposed i.e., finger-print identification. This project depicts the creation and implementation of a prototype automated license verification method. It verifies a person's identity by using their fingerprints. An individual will continue with ignition if the finger print stored in the controller and the finger print swiped in the system match; otherwise, ignition will be disabled. This will reduce the accidents happened by unlicensed drivers.

Forming of dimple texture patterns on the rack surface of titanium coated carbide cutting inserts will produce a positive impact on tribological alterations at the cutting insert-workpiece and cutting insert-chip interfaces. The aim of this research is to identify the effect of MoS2 coated and uncoated dimple textured carbide cutting inserts compared to non-textured cutting inserts during dry machining of the AISI 4340 steel. Straight-line patterns of spherical dimples with various diameter, depth, and density ratio were fabricated on the rack face of the cutting insert using the laser marking method. The responses of cutting insert wear at the cutting insert – chip interface, cutting temperature generated during machining and surface quality of the machined surface are analyzed experimentally. Experimental results show that there is a positive influence on machinability and cutting insert wear decreased by about 10% on optimizing the dimple diameter of 90 µm and the depth of 60 µm. Optimizing the dimple diameter and depth plays a significant role in the dimple texturing forming of the carbide insert.

Using incremental forming, forming of a vertical walled cup was impossible in a single-stage due to the reason that failure is followed by thinning at transition region (in between the wall & base of the cup). However in the recent years, forming of a cup with vertical wall or maximum wall angle compared to Single-stage Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) are being done successfully by many researchers using Multi-stage Single Point Incremental Forming (MSPIF) process. The reason behind the implementation of MSPIF process is that the thinning will be postponed even when the maximum wall angle is achieved, with number of intermediate stages during Incremental Forming. In the case of Single-stage Incremental Forming, wall angle beyond a certain limit can’t be obtained due to the reason that thinning will occur suddenly at transition region. In this paper, a review is presented on MSPIF process to form cup with vertical wall or maximum wall angle compared to Single-stage Incremental Forming. In addition, tool path design, different forming strategies, effect of forming direction & strategy, Rigid Body Translation (RBT) during intermediate stages, geometrical accuracy of formed part such as dimensional deviation & step formation at base, Formability using Forming Limit Stress Diagram (FLSD) and Thickness distribution and comparisons of MSPIF process are discussed. Further, works proposed for future to improve the process is also presented in this paper.

The aim of this work is to study formability and dislocation density in the plastically deformed cup by both punch and die forming process and single point incremental forming (SPIF) process. The stainless steel grade 202 (SS 202) sheet metal was used for this study. The formability from forming limit diagram (FLD) and dislocation density by X-ray diffraction line profile analysis (XRDLPA) were determined for the cup formed by both forming processes and compared with each other. The amount of strain induced transformation (SIT) was also found from microstructure for the cup formed by both forming processes and compared. The cup with hemispherical shape was formed by SPIF process and its amount of deformation and dislocation density was also found.

The role of down-conversion phosphorescence in the enhancement of power conversion efficiency (PCE) of TiO2: SrTiO3/CdS/Bi2S3/ZnS: Cu heterostructure solar cell is reported here. ZnS:Cu is used as phosphor which converts a fraction of the ultra violet energy to visible range, increasing the light harvesting capacity. Also this acts as a passivation layer, to reduce the charge recombination. SrTiO3 nanoparticles with spherical morphology were synthesized by co-precipitation technique and CdS, Bi2S3 and ZnS:Cu were grown on the SrTiO3 by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method after optimizing the Cu concentration. The structural, morphological and composition were studied by XRD, SEM, TEM and XPS measurements. J-V measurements of TiO2:SrTiO3/CdS/Bi2S3/ZnS:Cu3 structure based solar cell are done by solar simulator under 1.5 AM and found to exhibit an enhancement in PCE to the tune of 55% than SrTiO3/CdS/Bi2S3 (pristine) based solar cell. Incident Photon Current Efficiency (IPCE) spectrum covered a spectral range of 400 to 900 nm for TiO2:SrTiO3/CdS/Bi2S3/ZnS:Cu3 cell with the maximum IPCE ~51%. Electrochemical impedance analysis is also carried out in the form of Nyquist and Bode phase plots for the fabricated solar cells which possess low values of Rs, Rct and longer life time for the charge carriers which is favorable for higher PCE.

Solar energy is widely perceived as one of the most motivating sources of elective energy and an eco-friendly sustainable power source. The least demanding and most effective technique is the conversion of solar energy into heat energy. From the past, we can understand that in the case of solar thermal conversion, the solar-controlled electrical transformation system has a profitability of 17%. Keeping this fact in mind, we have ended up in the following research. In this research, experimental and numerical comparisons are to be done for heat enhancement devices (parallel normal plain tube versus tubes with outer dimples with water) to enhance the heat transfer rate. Introducing heat enhancement devices will create turbulence and enhance the heat transfer rate. A comparison of the two models is carried in terms of flow and heat transfer by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental analysis. This will enable us to design a setup where we attempt to increase the efficiency from 70 to 80%.

Working with the Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network (UWASN) is an association to detect different aspects of processed computerized information, store prepared information, that cooperates with one another and with other base stations. The properties of Underwater Acoustic engendering are high and variable postponements, blurring impacts, Doppler spread, and the multipath which dynamically trigger a low transmission capacity utilization and high mistake rates. This additionally restrains the battery life and hub stockpiling limit. Accordingly, there is a requirement for an adequate directing convention that assesses these constraints and permits correspondence achievable in submerged systems. It is an endeavour to analyze the productivity of impromptu steering conventions inside an environment of a submerged acoustic system. Execution information, for example, packet conveyance proportion, average start to finish delay, throughput, overhead directing, and sensor arrange power utilization have been utilized. AODV, DSDV, DSR, and OLSR are thought about at various traffic conditions for their proficiency, a few sensor hubs, and separation. With reproduction results, found that among the conventions referenced, AODV can likewise be utilized for denser hubs however with significantly less clog and with the ideal number of hubs, DSDV is perfect for higher traffic conditions.

Diamagnetic susceptibility of excitons is investigated in the perspective of the electron and hole separation along the lateral (ρ) and normal direction (z) of a GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs quantum well. Using a variational technique, the spatial extensions of these carriers has been observed. The coulomb interaction of the carriers is investigated by subjecting the carriers to three confinement potentials, Square (SQW), Parabolic (PQW) and Triangular Quantum Wells (TQW). The stability of the exciton has been estimated by observing the diamagnetic susceptibility. The hole is very sensitive to confinement potential and has tremendous variations in spatial extension. Among the three confinements, TQW offers more localization and high stability to excitons. The anisotropy of band parameters and the dielectric constants of the well and barrier materials are taken into consideration.