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In this study, trends of 21st-century ground-level ozone and ozone precursors were examined across South America, a less-studied region where trend estimates have rarely been comprehensively addressed. Therefore, we provided an updated regional analysis based on validated surface observations. We tested the hypothesis that the recent increasing ozone trends, mostly in urban environments, resulted from intense wildfires driven by extreme meteorological events impacting cities where preexisting volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited regimes dominate. We applied the quantile regression method based on monthly anomalies to estimate trends, quantify their uncertainties and detect trend change points. Additionally, the maximum daily 8 h average (MDA8) and peak-season metrics were used to assess short- and long-term exposure levels, respectively, for the present day (2017–2021). Our results showed lower levels in tropical cities (Bogotá and Quito), varying between 39 and 43 nmol mol -1 for short-term exposure and between 26 and 27 nmol mol -1 for long-term exposure. In contrast, ozone mixing ratios were higher in extratropical cities (Santiago and São Paulo), with a short-term exposure level of 61 nmol mol -1 and long-term exposure levels varying between 40 and 41 nmol mol -1. Santiago (since 2017) and São Paulo (since 2008) exhibited positive trends of 0.6 and 0.3 nmol mol -1 yr -1 , respectively, with very high certainty. We attributed these upward trends, or no evidence of variation, such as in Bogotá and Quito, to a well-established VOC-limited regime. However, we attributed the greater increase in the extreme percentile trends (≥ 90th) to heat waves and, in the case of southwestern South America, to wildfires associated with extreme meteorological events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To tackle the current pressing atmospheric science issues, as well as those in the future, a robust scientific community is necessary in all regions across the globe. Unfortunately, this does not yet exist. There are many geographical areas that are still underrepresented in the atmospheric science community, many of which are in the Global South. There are also larger gaps in the understanding of atmospheric composition, processes, and impacts in these regions. In this opinion, we focus on two geographical areas in the Global South to discuss some common challenges and constraints, with a focus on our strengths in atmospheric science research. It is these strengths, we believe, that highlight the critical role of Global South researchers in the future of atmospheric science research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To tackle the pressing atmospheric science issues currently and in the future, a robust scientific community is necessary in all regions across the globe. Unfortunately, this does not yet exist. There are many geographical areas that are still underrepresented in the atmospheric science community, many of which are in the Global South. There are also larger gaps in the understanding of atmospheric composition, and processes through to impacts in these regions. In this opinion, we focus on two geographical areas in the Global South to discuss some common challenges and constraints, with a focus on our strengths in atmospheric science research. It is these strengths, we believe, that highlight the critical role of Global South researchers in the future of atmospheric science research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peer acceptance has been linked to academic achievement in adolescents in previous research. Nevertheless, the relation between self-perception of acceptance and academic achievement is not clear. This study proposed a mediational model in which the degree of correspondence of self-other perceptions of acceptance is mediating the relation between self-perception of acceptance and academic achievement. Additionally, due to a lack of consistency regarding the method to assess the degree of correspondence of self-other perceptions of acceptance, four mediators have been tested and compared: status realism, accuracy by the subtraction method, bias by the regression method, and bias by the subtraction method. Data collection was carried out across two time points. The sample consisted of 539 adolescents at Time 1, 701 adolescents at Time 2, and a total of 345 adolescents that participated at both time points. Cross-sectional and longitudinal mediational models revealed different results for each mediator proposed. Only status realism and bias by the subtraction method were significant across time points and longitudinally. Implications regarding the use of the different measures of the degree of correspondence of self-other perception of acceptance are proposed., Author(s): Laura O. Gallardo [sup.1] , Angel Barrasa [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (Aff1) 0000 0001 2152 8769, grid.11205.37, Department of Psychology and Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Campus [...]