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Abstract Purpose The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) to measure the long-diameter of tumors for evaluating treatment response. Methods Our study included 48 patients with lung-specific target lesions and conducted 277 measurements. The radiologists recorded the long-diameter in axial imaging plane of the target lesions for each measurement. Meanwhile, AI software was utilized to measure the long-diameter in both the axial imaging plane and in three dimensions (3D). Statistical analyses including the Bland-Altman plot, Spearman correlation analysis, and paired t-test to ascertain the accuracy and reliability of our findings. Results The Bland-Altman plot showed that the AI measurements had a bias of -0.28 mm and had limits of agreement ranging from − 13.78 to 13.22 mm (P = 0.497), indicating agreement with the manual measurements. However, there was no agreement between the 3D measurements and the manual measurements, with P

Objective To investigate the effects of terahertz (THz) radiation on mouse testicular tissue and its potential molecular mechanisms. Methods A total of 125 male C57BL/6J mice (6~8 weeks old) were randomly divided into control group and low-, medium- and high-radiation power groups. The mice of the latter 3 groups were exposed to THz radiation at a frequency of 2.5 T, with an average power density of 38, 115, or 318 mW/cm2, for 5 or 10 min. The detection time was immediately or 24 h after exposure. HE staining was used to observe pathological damage. ELISA was employed to detect the expression of inflammatory factors in testicular tissue. RNA-seq was utilized to detect the global changes of gene expression. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened and bioinformatics was used to cluster them. The screened genes were further analyzed with RT-qPCR to determine the time-dependent and dose-dependent relationships of the expression with THz exposure. Finally, sperm quality was evaluated morphologically using a microscope. Results Three doses of THz radiation exposure did not cause significant pathological damages to mouse testicular tissue. TNF-α expression was increased immediately after exposure at average power density of 115 mW/cm2 (P < 0.01), and the expression of IL-1β and TNF-α were both increased when the dose reached 318 mW/cm2 (P < 0.01). However, all the 3 factors returned to normal levels in 24 h after exposure. RNA-seq results showed that THz radiation exposure caused abnormal expression of 56 genes. Cluster analysis indicated that these DEGs were mainly enriched in immune and inflammatory responses, enzyme activity, sperm development and capacitation functions. Then for 5 selected key genes, Crisp1, Adam7, Ltf, Rnase9, and Bsph1, the expression of Crisp1 and Rnase9 was decreased immediately after exposure to 115 mW/cm2 THz radiation, the dose of 318 mW/cm2 resulted in obvious changes in the expression of the 5 genes (P < 0.05), and their expression returned to normal levels in 24 h after exposure. Morphological observation displayed that exposure to all the 3 doses of THz had no influence on sperm quality. Conclusion THz radiation exposure causes temporary inflammatory response in testicular tissue and abnormal expression of sperm functions-related genes. However, these changes return to normal 24 h after exposure, and additionally, do not impair sperm quality.

As a promising technique for 6G integrated sensing and communication, cooperative integrated sensing and communication (CoISAC) technology harnesses additional sensing information from various network nodes to overcome challenges of ISAC systems such as low sensing accuracy, non-line-of-sight path scenario, and limited sensing range. The current status of CoISAC technology was summarized and analyzed. A novel performance metric and two cooperative approaches were proposed. The challenges faced by CoISAC technology were analyzed, and the future development trend of CoISAC technology was forecasted.

Volatile components are one of the main active components of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort and are important indicators for evaluating the medicinal quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong. To explore the effects of 60Co-γ irradiation on the volatile components of Ligusticum chuanxiong, the samples were treated with different irradiation doses, and the changes of the volatile components before and after irradiation were analyzed using an electronic nose combined with headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and cluster statistical analysis were used to elucidate changes in the volatile components of Ligusticum chuanxiong before and after irradiation. The electronic nose detection results and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry detection results indicated that ketone alkanes, alcohols, aldehydes, and ketones contributed to the odor of Ligusticum chuanxiong. Irradiation treatments at doses ≤10 kGy had no significant effect on the odor of Ligusticum chuanxiong. The results demonstrated that after irradiation at 0 kGy (control group), 3 kGy, 7 kGy, and 10 kGy, 60 compounds were identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong, including 23 hydrocarbons, 12 alcohols, 10 lipids, and 4 aldehydes or ketones, and 11 others. There were mainly 21 volatile substances that changed after irradiation, accounting for approximately 12.92% of the volatile components in Ligusticum chuanxiong; however, they were not the main volatile components of Ligusticum chuanxiong. No new compounds were identified in Ligusticum chuanxiong after irradiation treatment within a dose of 10 kGy. The results provide a theoretical basis and reference for the influence of 60Co-γ irradiation on the quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong samples and also lay a certain foundation for the application of irradiation in Ligusticum chuanxiong pieces and traditional Chinese medicine and simple preparation resources. The results indicate that the treatment of 60Co-γ irradiation on the Ligusticum chuanxiong samples with doses ˂10 kGy does not affect its main volatile components.

Abstract The safety performance and structural stiffness of a rim, which is the main load-bearing structure of the loader during operation, influence the overall performance, stability, and braking capabilities of the machine. In the industry, researchers are currently pursuing lightweight and high-strength rims as a primary objective. A low weight not only enhances machinery fuel efficiency but also aligns with societal demands for sustainable development, energy conservation, and emission reduction. In this article, multiobjective optimization analysis on rims composed of three different materials is performed, and the relationships between various optimization parameters and target parameters are established using the results of response surface construction. Multiobjective genetic algorithms are utilized to derive various optimization plans, which are subsequently evaluated through static analysis, fatigue analysis, and weight loss analysis. The final optimization plan is determined based on the calculation results while considering production costs. Field tests are conducted on the optimized rims under various working conditions to verify the test results, evaluate the reliability of the finite element analysis results, and confirm the safety of the optimized rim.

In recent years, microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology has developed rapidly, and low precision inertial devices have achieved small volume, light weight, and mass production. Under this background, array technology has emerged to achieve high precision inertial measurement under the premise of low cost. This paper reviews the development of MEMS inertial measurement unit (IMU) array technology. First, the different types of common inertial measurement unit arrays are introduced and the basic principles are explained. Secondly, IMU array’s development status is summarized by analyzing the research results over the years. Then, the key technologies and corresponding development status of IMU array are described, respectively, including error analysis modeling and calibration, data fusion technology, fault detection, and isolation technology. Finally, the characteristics and shortcomings of the past research results are summarized, the future research direction is discussed, and some thoughts are put forward to further improve the accuracy of the IMU array.

ObjectiveTo observe the effect of open kinetic chain (OKC) combined with closed kinetic chain (CKC) exercise training on motor function of knee or lower limb, balance function, quadriceps isokinetic muscle strength and atrophy degree after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction.MethodsA total of 84 patients who underwent knee ACL reconstruction in the Jinan Zhangqiu District People's Hospital from January 2020 to October 2021 were randomly divided into OKC group, CKC group, equal combination group and adjusted combination group, with 21 cases in each group. The OKC group received OKC training, the CKC group received CKC training, the equal combination group received equal amount of OKC training and CKC training, and the adjusted combination group received OKC training and CKC training of different proportions. All four groups were trained for 12 weeks. Before and after intervention, Lysholm score and the international knee documentation committee (IKDC) score were used to evaluate the function of the affected knee, the KT-1000 score of the knee ligament and the differences of bilateral active range and passive range of motions; the ratio of jump distance between the affected side and the healthy side during one foot jump and cross foot jump were used to evaluate the lower limb motor function; Fugl-Meyer balance scale and Berg balance scale (BBS) were used to evaluate the balance function; isokinetic muscle strength testing system was used to analyze peak torque (PT), average power (AP), total power (TW) and atrophy index of quadriceps femoris on the affected side.Results(1) Knee motor function: compared with that before intervention, Lysholm and IKDC scores in four groups after intervention increased significantly, and KT-1000 score, bilateral active and passive joint motion differences decreased significantly (PPPPP>0.05). (3) Lower limb motor function: compared with that before intervention, the ratio of jump distance between the affected side and the healthy side during one foot jump and cross foot jump in four groups after intervention significantly increased (PPPPP

With the development of the Internet of Things, the rapid development of miniaturized self-powered electronic products and further micro-modulation greatly stimulate the urgent demand for microscale electrochemical energy storage devices. In each electrochemical energy storage device, the supercapacitor based on the plane pattern shape is highly compatible with modern electronic products in terms of functional features such as miniaturization and integration. In this work, the flexible 3D interdigital electrode symmetric micro capacitor was prepared by the combination of semiconductor preparation technology and electrophoresis printing technology, and the 3D printing was carried out by using oxygen enriched activated carbon ink. The 3D interdigital symmetric electrode was prepared by adjusting and optimizing the electric field strength, line width, number of printing layers and other parameters. The energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), rheometer, electrochemical workstation and test system were used to characterize materials, pastes and microcapacitor devices, and to explore the influence of materials and pastes on the performance of 3D interdigital microcapacitor. The results that the 3D interdigital supercapacitor prepared by the combination of semiconductor and electrophoresis printing process has good performances, and its area capacitance can reach 22.3 mF·cm-2. In addition, the device can achieve 96% capacity retention after 2000 cycles through packaging optimization. This simple and controllable 3D jet printing technology provides an effective way to prepare advanced miniaturized electrochemical energy storage devices.

Abstract Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a severe chronic interstitial lung disease with high mortality, and there is currently a lack of definite and effective treatment methods. Studies have found that gentiopicroside, a secoiridoid glycoside compound derived from plants of the Gentiana genus, can significantly improve pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis lesions in mice with pulmonary fibrosis. However, the mechanism of its anti-fibrotic effect is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we employed network pharmacology's virtual computer technology to investigate the potential mechanism underlying the anti-pulmonary fibrosis effect of Gentianae Radix et Rhizome (Longdan in Chinese, GRR). Our findings offer valuable theoretical insights and serve as a guiding reference for future experimental investigations. A total of 10 active compounds and 920 drug-target proteins were identified from the TCMSP database. The compound-target-pathway-disease network showed that GRR could potentially treat PF by regulating the MDM2, ERBB2 and VEGFA, signaling pathways through its key targets, including AKT1, TNF, and MAPK1. The protein‒protein interaction network revealed that these targets had strong interactions with each other, indicating a potential synergistic effect of GRR in treating PF. The GO and KEGG enrichment analyses further supported the potential anti-pulmonary fibrosis mechanisms of GRR, including regulating the inflammatory response, ECM-receptor interaction, and TGF-beta signaling pathways. Our study provides a systematic analysis of the potential anti-pulmonary fibrosis mechanisms of GRR based on network pharmacology. These findings could contribute to the development of novel treatments for PF and provide a basis for further experimental studies.

Objective To investigate the effect of chloroquine (CQ) on proliferation, apoptosis and autophagy of human cervical cancer cell line HeLa and to preliminarily explore its mechanism of action. Methods HeLa cells were divided into control group and experimental groups: chloroquine-1 to chloroquine-5 groups (25,50,75,100, 150 μmol/L CQ respectively). The cells all were cultured for 24 and 48 h; CCK-8 and colony formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation; reactive oxygen species detection kit was used to detect intracellular ROS production; flow cytometry was used to detect apoptosis rate. The expression level of autophagy proteins p62, LC3 and Beclin1, apoptosis proteins Bax, Bcl-2 and PARP and PI3K/AKT/MDM2 pathway proteins was detected by protein immunoblotting. Results CQ inhibited cell proliferation in a time- and concentration-dependent manner (P＜0.01); CQ significantly inhibited cell autophagy, induced intracellular ROS production and induced apoptosis (P＜0.01). Compared with control group, CQ significantly inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT/MDM2 signaling pathway (P＜0.05). Conclusions Chloroquine may inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells and induce apoptosis through the PI3K/AKT/MDM2 pathway.

Compared with traditional methane sensors, metasurface methane sensors have advantages such as high sensitivity, stable performance, miniaturization, integration, and multi functional customizability. It better meets the application needs in complex environments such as coal mines. This paper proposes an all dielectric type metasurface methane sensor based on Fano resonance. The metasurface structure consists of periodic silicon nanostructures and SiO2 substrates, consisting of four square silicon ring nanostructures and a central silicon nanoblock. By changing the geometric parameters, the effect on the Fano resonance of the all dielectric metasurface structure is observed. The results show the following points. Considering the quality factor and modulation depth of the structure, the center distance of the square silicon ring should be 1000 nm, the inner edge length of the square silicon ring should be 100 nm, and the edge length of the silicon nanoblock should be 200 nm. At this time, the quality factor is 227.60, and the modulation depth is 99.98%, which is close to 100%. By coating methane gas sensing thin films within the metasurface structure to achieve sensing and detection functions, combined with the extremely narrow linewidth Fano resonance features and significant local field enhancement effect, high-precision detection of methane gas is achieved. The simulation results show that the sensitivity of the all dielectric metasurface sensor to methane volume fraction is −0.953 nm/%. The change in methane volume fraction is linearly related to the shift of the resonance peak, indicating good monitoring performance. The refractive index sensitivity of the all dielectric metasurface sensor is as high as 883.95 nm/RIU. The resonance peak offset is linearly related to the environmental refractive index increment, which can be used to detect changes in environmental refractive index.

Objective To investigate the impact of exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field on transcription in Neuro2a/APP(695) cells. Methods Neuro2a/APP(695) cells were divided into radiation group and sham radiation group (n=3). The cells in the former group were exposed to 50 Hz magnetic field (1 mT, 4 h/d) for 3 consecutive days, and those from the latter group were only placed in the same coil system under the same conditions but without 50 Hz magnetic field. After exposure, all samples were collected to undergo standard procedures for transcriptome sequencing, including RNA extraction, data quality evaluation, and data analysis. Results There were 141 identified significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Neuro2a/APP(695) cells after exposure, of which 129 were up-regulated and 12 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that the 62 up-regulated DEGs were involved in 432 significantly functional properties, of which 337 belong to biological processes, 16 to cellular components and 79 to molecular functions. While, the 3 down-regulated DEGs were involved in 275 significantly functional properties, of which 260 belonged to biological processes, 5 to cellular components and 10 to molecular functions. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis revealed that these DEGs may be involved in 20 differential KEGG pathways, including 2 down-regulated pathways and 18 up-regulated pathways. Conclusion Exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field may affect adhesion junction, Hippo signaling pathway, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-chondroitin sulfate/dermatan sulfate, protein digestion and absorption, mannose type O-glycan biosynthesis in Neuro2a/APP(695) cells, and these may be the main pathways that the exposure affects the cells.

Carbon pyrolysis is one of the essential ways to improve carbon energy utilization and reduce environmental pollution. The main product of carbon pyrolysis process is tar, and improving tar yield can not only increase the resource utilization efficiency, but also reduce the pollution to the environment. Therefore, this paper investigates the application of Ni/MgO catalyst in the pyrolysis process of bituminous coal. The experimental results show that Ni/MgO catalyst can effectively activate small molecule radicals and make them combine with prominent molecule radicals stably to improve the tar yield. Meanwhile, when it is under the pyrolysis gas environment, pyrolysis temperature reaches 570 ℃, gas flow rate is 375 ml/min, and the catalyst is selected to be filled in the upper layer, the activation effect of Ni/MgO catalyst is more prominent, and it can significantly increase the tar yield and the proportion of light oil. Ni/MgO catalyst had the best effect in tar yield increase compared to other catalysts, but the performance was average in fair oil percentage increase. The catalyst could also reduce the number of aliphatics in the tar and increase the proportion of non-aliphatics, improving the tar quality.

In the context of the comprehensive implementation of rural revitalization strategy, ecological protection and sustainable territorial spatial pattern are important elements of spatial planning and ecological civilization construction. With this as the starting point, this paper can use spatial analysis, hierarchical analysis, entropy method, integrated learning and other technical methods to divide the national spatial evaluation units under the MOLA model. Carry out spatial suitability evaluation of national land based on double constraints as well as spatial planning and design. The test results show that the villagers’ trust in the implementation of rural revitalization policies reached 78%, and most of them agree more with various policies on rural construction and development, which illustrates the necessity of territorial spatial planning in rural revitalization. The research data have good score validity when the observed variable of the questionnaire under the experimental test is greater than 0.4, which indicates the spatial planning layout under the proposed model. On the basis of mastering the current situation and problems facing rural revitalization, it not only proposes an effective path, but also scientifically adjusts and optimizes the space of rural areas, providing a boost to promote the construction and sustainable and healthy development of new rural areas.

Sprag-type overrunning clutches are widely used in aeroengines and the helicopter transmission system. The research on the contact properties of sprag-type overrunning clutches has important significance to the design of high reliability clutch. In order to study the effects of torque and coefficient of friction on the contact properties of sprag-type overrunning clutches, Hertz contact theory and finite element method are used to investigate the dynamic contact properties of sprag-type overrunning clutches. The results show that both rolling and sliding occur when friction is considered, the contact stress between sprags and races is elliptically distributed with a large eccentricity, the contact stress is distributed in the parabolic shape along the length of the sprags, maximum contact stress couldn't reflect the effects of torque on contact stress, the torque transmitted beyond the clutch is positively correlated with its torsion angle, the coefficient of friction doesn't affect the maximum contact stress and the torsion angle of the clutch, the coefficient of friction is nonlinear with the sliding distance and linear with the maximum friction stress.

Objective To study the effects of 50 Hz magnetic field exposure on metabolism of cerebral cortex in APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Methods Twelve 12-week-old male APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were randomly divided into the control group (C group) and the 50 Hz magnetic field exposure group (MF group) (n=6). The mice in the MF group were exposed to 1.0 mT 50 Hz magnetic field 2 h/d for 3 weeks (21 d). The mice in the sham exposure group had the same conditions as those in the MF group, except for no magnetic field exposure. After exposure, the cerebral cortex tissues of mice were taken according to the standard method for high-resolution untargeted metabonomics tests, including sample metabolite extraction, sample LC-MS/MS mass spectrometry analysis, metabolite qualitative and quantitative analysis and data analysis. Results The growth of APP/PS1 double transgenic mice were not affected after 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. The high-resolution untargeted metabonomics showed 1 068 metabolites were identified. Based on fold change analysis (FC>1.5 or FC < 0.67, P < 0.05), 22 significant changed metabolites were identified in cerebral cortex of mice after 50 Hz magnetic field exposure, and 11-keto-beta-boswellic acid was the most increased metabolite (FC=80.68), and 5-aminolevulinic acid was the most decreased metabolite (FC=0.34). Based on the variable importance in the projection (VIP) value of each variable in the orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model (VIP>1, P < 0.05), 30 identified significant changed metabolites were screened in cerebral cortex of mice after 50 Hz magnetic field exposure. And the top 3 significant changed metabolites in VIP value were 2-oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (VIP=19.76, FC=0.52), dehydroascorbic acid (VIP=12.71, FC=0.72) and inosine (VIP=10.64, FC=1.05). The analyses of hierarchical clustering, correlation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) showed that the 30 VIP significant changed metabolites may be involved in 16 KEGG pathways. L-aspartic acid, L-alanine and acetylcholine may be involved in 13, 7 and 3 pathways of the 16 KEGG pathways respectively. Conclusion The amino acid metabolism, ATP-binding cassette transporters, CoA and aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, regulation of actin cytoskeleton and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction may be impacted in cerebral cortex of APP/PS1 transgenic mice by 50 Hz magnetic field exposure.

C82H48Cd2N4O8, triclinic, P1‾$P\overline{1}$ (no. 2), a = 7.6031(3) Å, b = 10.6963(3) Å, c = 19.0717(7) Å, α = 98.967(3)°, β = 99.207(3)°, γ = 95.921(3)°, V = 1499.21(9) Å3, Z = 1, Rgt(F) = 0.0396, wRref(F2) = 0.0802, T = 293(2) K.

For studying the influence of different rolling processes on the microstructure morphology and internal stress of pipeline steel， the temperature field and stress field of steel plate under different processes were studied by rolling process experiment and thermal mechanical coupling numerical simulation. Subsequently， the microstructure morphology and internal stress of steel plate were tested and analyzed by metallographic microscope and XRD. The results of an actual measurement of the surface temperature of steel plate showed that the error between the simulated value and the measured value was small， and the temperature field calculated by numerical simulation was reasonable，which could be the basis for stress field analysis. After the steel plate was water-cooled for 20 s，the maximum and minimum temperature differences between the steel plate core and corner were 318 ℃and 211 ℃respectively. The maximum and minimum stress difference between the core and corner of the steel plate was 417 MPa and 260 MPa respectively. In addition， the obtained microstructure was composed of bainite，martensite and ferrite. It could be concluded from the results of experiments and numerical analysis that， it was reasonable to control the final rolling temperature at 800～900 ℃and the cooling rate at 20 ～25 ℃/s. Under these process parameters， the phase transformation nucleation rate of the steel plate was high， the internal stress difference was small， and a mixed microstructure comprising of martensite， bainite and ferrite was finally formed.

Objective To explore the application of membranous concept in vestibular schwannoma surgery. Methods A total of 39 patients with vestibular schwannoma who received membranous surgical treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from May 2020 to June 2021 were enrolled. Through the retrosigmoid approach, the intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring was performed, and the membranous concept was used to separate the brain stem of the tumor and the interface between the tumor and the facial nerve and the cochlear nerve. Facial nerve function was evaluated by the House⁃Brackmann (H⁃B) grade and hearing was evaluated by the American Academy of Otolaryngology⁃Head and Neck Surgery（AAO⁃HNS）scale at one day, one week and one year after surgery. Results Total resection was performed in 31 cases (79.49%) and nearly total resection in 8 cases (20.51%). Facial nerve anatomical preservation was achieved in all patients, and facial nerve function returned to normal or nearly normal (H⁃B grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) 84.62% (33/39), moderate facial paralysis (H⁃B grade Ⅲ) 10.27% (4/39), moderate and severe facial paralysis (H⁃B grade Ⅳ) 5.13% (2/39) on the first day after surgery. One week after surgery, 71.79% (28/39) of patients with normal or nearly normal facial nerve function, 15.38% (6/39) of moderate facial paralysis, 10.27% (4/39) of moderate and severe facial paralysis, and 2.56% (1/39) of severe facial paralysis (H⁃B grade Ⅴ). One year after surgery, 92.31% (36/39) of patients with facial nerve function returned to normal or nearly normal, 5.13% (2/39) of patients with moderate facial paralysis, and 2.56% (1/39) of patients with moderate and severe facial paralysis. Among the 10 patients (25.64%) who retained effective hearing before surgery (AAO⁃HNS grade≥C), there were 4, 3 and 6 cases at one day, one week and one year after surgery, respectively. Those who did not retain effective hearing before surgery did not recover effective hearing after surgery. According to the comparison of tumor volume and nature, the proportion of patients with normal facial nerve function (H⁃B grade Ⅰ) in the tumor volume≤3 cm group was higher than that in＞3 cm group [12/18 vs. 19.05% (4/21); Fisher's exact probability: P=0.006], the proportion of patients with normal facial nerve function in the solid tumor group was higher than that in cystic group [71.43% (15/21) vs. 1/10; Fisher's exact probability: P=0.010] at one year after surgery. Conclusions The membranous concept in vestibular schwannoma surgery can protect facial nerve function well, and has a positive effect on the protection of cochlear nerve and brain stem.

Objective To breed and identify the Alg13 knockout (KO) mice to provide an ideal animal model for exploring the role of Alg13 in epilepsy. Methods Alg13 KO and wildtype (WT) mice with C57BL/6J background were used, including 4-week-old Alg13 KO mice (n=12; 6 males and 6 females; 6~7 g), 4-week-old WT mice (n=12; 6 males and 6 females; 7~8 g), 8-week-old Alg13 KO male mice (n=18; 21~23 g) and 8-week-old WT male mice (n=18; 22~24 g). The genotype of Alg13 KO mice was identified using PCR, gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, TA cloning and blue-white selection method. Immunohistochemical analysis and Western blotting were applied to verify the deletion of ALG13 protein in Alg13 KO mice. The behavioral manifestations and characteristics of seizures in Alg13 KO mice were evaluated using a synchronized video EEG system. The expression level of voltage-gated sodium channel alpha subunit 1 (SCN1A) protein was measured by Western blot assay. Results The genotyping methods including the gel electrophoresis, DNA sequencing and blue-white selection confirmed a 5-base deletion in Alg13 KO mice. Compared with WT mice, Alg13 KO mice showed a significantly lower ALG13 expression level in the cortical, cerebellar and hippocampal regions in the immunohistochemical (P < 0.001, P < 0.05, P < 0.001) and Western blot assay (P < 0.001). Besides, some Alg13 KO mice developed frequent spontaneous seizures with typical behavioral manifestations and EEG changes of the epileptic seizure. Alg13 KO mice had significantly higher δ and θ wave energy value of EEG compared with the WT group (P < 0.001). The expression levels of SCN1A in the hippocampus and cortex were remarkably higher in Alg13 KO mice than those in WT mice (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Conclusion The Alg13 knockout mouse model can be obtained successfully, which shows significant epilepsy susceptibility and lays a foundation for studying the mechanism of the epilepsy caused by genetic abnormalities.

To evaluate the sterilization effect of electron beam irradiation on Tibetan medicine Bawei Chenxiang powder and the influence on the active ingredients, medicine samples were irradiated with electron beam at doses of 0 kGy, 5 kGy, 7 kGy, 10 kGy, and 60Co γ at 7 kGy. The microbial and active substance costunolide levels were measured within 7 d after irradiation and after accelerated storage at 49 ℃ for 3 months, respectively. The results showed that electron beam and 60Co γ irradiation significantly reduced the total number of microorganisms in Bawei Chenxiang powder. Irradiation by electron beams at 5 kGy and 10 kGy reduced the total number of microorganisms in Bawei Chenxiang powder to the maximum requirement suggested by the Chinese Pharmacopoeia without significantly decreasing the amount of active ingredient. In conclusion, electron beam irradiation can effectively improve the microbial index of Bawei Chenxing powder, and 5 kGy is the optimal processing dose for this purpose.

In this study, the influence of two distinct reactive aggregate dosages on the alkali–silica reaction (ASR) of concrete was investigated. The expansion ratio, axial compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and relative dynamic elastic modulus (RDEM) of concrete were considered as the main parameters to study the failure criteria of concrete induced by ASR at 40°C. Microscopic experiments, such as scanning electron microscopy and X-ray computed microtomography, were applied to analyze the damage induced by ASR on the concrete prisms and the propagation of internal cracks of the reactive aggregates in nanospace. The results showed that the two ranges can be used as the failure criteria produced by the ASR of concrete containing 3 and 6% dosages of reactive aggregates at 40°C, respectively, when the RDEM of concrete was reduced to 70‒75% and 85‒90%. Additionally, the results of CT indicated that microcracks tended to extend from the initial defects of aggregate to the cement slurry. Meanwhile, ASR gel packed with the pores, which reduced the porosity. It was noteworthy that the adhesive force between the ASR gel and the cement matrix after filling pores could not make up for the loss of the mechanical properties of concrete.

Heteroepitaxy can reduce the cost and widen the application range of semiconductor film synthesis and device fabrication. However, the lattice and thermal expansion coefficient mismatches between epilayers and substrates limit the improvement of crystal quality and device performance. Two-dimensional (2D) material-assisted heteroepitaxy offers an effective solution to these challenges. The weak interaction at the interface between films and substrates facilitates the subsequent exfoliation and transfer of epilayer for the fabrication of flexible or high-power electronics. Herein, we summarize the modes of 2D material-assisted epitaxy, which can be classified into remote epitaxy, pinhole epitaxy and van der Waals epitaxy based on the interfacial interaction between the epilayers and substrates. Furthermore, we discuss in detail the improved crystal quality and functional applications, such as flexible devices, wavelength-modulated optoelectronic devices, and thermal management in high-power devices. Moreover, we highlight the challenges and prospects of 2D material-assisted epitaxy, providing roadmaps for lateral research and semiconductor production.

Objective: This study aimed to compare the effects of different extraction methods including cold pressing extraction, soxhlet extraction and subcritical butane extraction on the yield, physicochemical properties, fatty acid composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of elderberry seed oil. Methods: Elderberry seed oils were extracted from elderberry seed by cold pressing extraction, soxhlet extraction and subcritical butane extraction. The physicochemical parameters and in vitro antioxidant activity of oil were determined with reference to national standards, and the fatty acid composition was analyzed by GC-MS. Results: Among the three extraction methods, the highest oil yield was obtained by subcritical butane extraction （28.8%）, followed by soxhlet extraction （27.6%） and cold pressing extraction （18.8%）. The acid value and peroxide value of elderberry seed oil obtained by subcritical butane extraction were the lowest, and its iodine value was the highest, compared to other methods. The fatty acid composition of elderberry seed oils obtained from the three extraction methods were similar, mainly including linolenic acid, linoleic acid and palmitic acid, whereas the contents were different, with the highest linolenic acid content （46.94%） in the elderberry seed oil obtained by subcritical butane extraction. The elderberry oils obtained by three extraction methods had good antioxidant activity, and the elderberry oils obtained by subcritical butane extraction had the strongest scavenging ability of DPPH free radicals and ABTS free radicals. Conclusion: Different extraction methods had certain influence on the quality of elderberry seed oil, and subcritical butane extraction had good effect on extraction rate and quality of elderberry seed oil, which was an ideal method for the extraction of elderberry seed oil.

ObjectiveTo understand the potential harm and influencing factors to the health risk of residents through the exposure of nitrite in cooked meat products in S district of Beijing.MethodsThe nitrite contents in 535 cooked meat samples in S district from 2013 to 2019 was monitored by spectrophotometry， the food consumption of meat products at different ages in S district were collected through nutrition survey. Compared with the acceptable daily intake （ADI） of 0.07 mg/kg·BW established by the joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives （FAO/WHO JECFA）， the health risk of nitrite dietary exposure was analyzed.ResultsThe detection rate of nitrite in cooked meat products sold in S district of Beijing was 94.02%， and the violation rate was 9.16%. The daily exposure of nitrite from cooked meat products for people over 2 years old ranged from 0.000 0 to 0.390 0 mg/kg∙BW， the average nitrite exposure was 0.018 8 mg/kg·BW， and 2.5 % of the residents exceeded the ADI. Except 50~64 years-old group and ≥80 years-old group， the daily exposure of nitrite from cooked meat products exceeded the ADI. Daily exposure of nitrite from cooked meat products in 2~5 years-old group and 6~12 years-old group exceeded ADI at P95 percentile，which was at an unacceptable level. The daily exposure of nitrite from cooked meat products in the 13~17 years-old group was equal to ADI at P95 percentile.ConclusionNitrite residues in cooked meat products sold in S district had the risk of chronic toxicity in some population. Supervision and sampling efforts should be strengthened to popularize nitrite-related knowledge to the public， and minimized the addition of exogenous nitrite and the production of endogenous nitrite.

Objective To establish a lncRNA prognostic risk model for gastrointestinal tumors based on the TCGA database and evaluate the prognosis of patients. Methods We collected the data of patients with esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colon cancer and rectal cancer in the TCGA database. Univariate Cox analysis, Lasso and multivariate Cox analysis were performed to construct the prognostic risk scoring model. The model was validated and tested for independence. Time-dependent ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the clinical application value of the model. Results We established a prognostic risk model based on 13 lncRNAs. The three-year AUC of the training set and the validation set were 0.746 and 0.704, respectively. The pan-cancer data set was divided into high- and low-risk groups for survival analysis. The 5-year survival rate of the low-risk group was significantly higher than that of the high-risk group; among all cancer types, the five-year survival rates of the low-risk group were higher than those of the high-risk group. Multivariate Cox analysis showed that the risk score could be an independent indicator of prognosis. Conclusion The 13-gene prognostic risk score model is constructed successfully. The risk score obtained by this model can be used as an independent prognostic predictor of the patients with gastrointestinal cancer.

Super-resolution optical microscopy, which gives access to finer details of objects, is highly desired for fields of nanomaterial, nanobiology, nanophotonics, etc. Many efforts, including tip optimization and illumination optimization etc., have been made in both near-field and far-field super-resolution microscopy to achieve a spatial resolution beyond the diffraction limit. The development of vector light fields opens up a new avenue for super-resolution optical microscopy via special illumination modes. Cylindrical vector beam (CVB) has been verified to enable resolution improvement in tip-scanning imaging, nonlinear imaging, stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy, subtraction imaging, superoscillation imaging, etc. This paper reviews recent advances in CVB-based super-resolution imaging. We start with an introduction of the fundamentals and properties of CVB. Next, strategies for CVB based super-resolution imaging are discussed, which are mainly implemented by tight focusing, depletion effect, plasmonic nanofocusing, and polarization matching. Then, the roadmap of super-resolution imaging with CVB illumination in the past two decades is summarized. The typical CVB-based imaging techniques in fields of both near-field and far-field microscopy are introduced, including tip-scanning imaging, nonlinear imaging, STED, subtraction imaging, and superoscillation imaging. Finally, challenges and future directions of CVB-illuminated super-resolution imaging techniques are discussed.

SF 6/N 2 gas mixture is considered as one of the most promising gases to replace SF 6 because of its good insulation performance and environmental benefits. However,there is a lack of research on the mixing ratio of SF 6/N 2 gas mixture in different conditions. Under the premise of ensuring the insulation level of gas-insulated transmission lines (GIL),a multi-physical field coupling calculation model is established. From the perspective of heat characteristics of gas mixture,the relationship between SF 6/N 2 mixing ratio and GIL temperature rise under different insulating gas pressure,load current and ambient temperature is analyzed to determine the appropriate SF 6/N 2 mixture ratio under different conditions. The results show that there is a negative correlation between the insulation gas pressure (or the SF 6 content) and GIL temperature rise at the same pressure. The SF 6 content is suggested to be in the range of 40%~60% when the load current exceeds 3 kA for a long period of time,40%~70% when the equipment is running in the middle and low latitudes,and 30%~40% when the equipment is in the high latitudes. In addition,considering the safety margin,the insulation and temperature rise requirements of GIL can be met when SF 6 content is not less than 70% of the recommended value.

Objective To investigate the effects of 50-Hz magnetic field and bisphenol A (BPA) alone or combined exposure on the phosphorylation of Tau protein in nerve cells. Methods A total of 24 SD male rats (body weight 150±10 g) were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups: control group (normal saline gavage+magnetic field sham-exposure), 50-Hz magnetic field exposure group (0.5 mT, 50 Hz magnetic field exposure 4 h/d+normal saline gavage), BPA exposure group (BPA 20 μg·kg-1·d-1 gavage+ magnetic field sham-exposure), and combined exposure group (BPA 20 μg·kg-1·d-1 gavage+0.5 mT, 50 Hz magnetic field exposure 4 h/d). The magnetic field exposure was performed once per day, 6 days per week, for consecutive 12 weeks. The protein expression of Tau-Thr231 and Tau-Ser404, as well as cell apoptosis in frozen slices of cerebral cortex and hippocampus were detected by immunohistofluorescence assay and TUNEL assay, respectively. For cell experiments, Neuro-2a cells were exposed to 50 Hz magnetic field (1.0 mT, 48 h), BPA treatment (100 μmol/L, 24 h), as well as combined exposure (50 Hz magnetic field+BPA), respectively. Cell viability was tested by CCK-8 assay, and the protein expression of Tau-Thr231, Tau-Ser404 and Caspase-3 were measured using immunofluorescence assay and Western blotting. Results As compared with the control group, the phosphorylation of Tau-Thr231 was significantly increased in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats after 12 weeks of 50 Hz magnetic field exposure (P < 0.05). The Tau-Thr231 phosphorylation in rat cerebral cortex and hippocampus and the Tau-Ser404 phosphorylation in cerebral cortex were remarkably elevated after 12 weeks of BPA exposure alone or in combination with 50 Hz magnetic field (P < 0.05). The co-exposure also induced obvious neuronal apoptosis in cerebral cortex and hippocampus of rats (P < 0.05). For cell experiments, the Neuro-2a cell viability was greatly lowered after exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field, BPA alone or combined treatment for 48 h (P < 0.05). The Tau-Ser404 phosphorylation was notably up-regulated (P < 0.05) after 50 Hz magnetic field exposure; the phosphorylation of Tau-Thr231 and Tau-Ser404, as well as the expression of Caspase-3 were also enhanced (P < 0.05) after BPA exposure or co-exposure. Conclusion Exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field and/or BPA can induce hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein at different amine acid site, and there are synergistic effects between the 2 exposures, which may cause nerve cell damage.

Herein, we established the fingerprint of Ligusticum chuanxiong, and the effects of different 60Co-γ irradiation doses on the eight active components of Ligusticum chuanxiong were investigated. A stock solution of the eight standard reference substances in Ligusticum chuanxiong were analyzed using a SHIMADZU Shim-pack GIST C18 chromatographic column (250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm). Different doses (3 kGy, 6 kGy,10 kGy and 15 kGy) of 60Co-γ irradiation were used to treat Ligusticum chuanxiong. After these treatments, the fingerprint of Ligusticum chuanxiong was obtained via liquid chromatography. The similarity was evaluated using the Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine (2004 A edition), and the results indicated that the similarity of each component in Ligusticum chuanxiong was >0.988. After irradiation at

The traditional mine gas sensor is vulnerable to the influence of temperature and ambient humidity and other factors, resulting in low stability. In order to solve the above problem, based on the principle of local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and the phase change characteristics of vanadium dioxide (VO2), a kind of metasurface dual-gas sensor based on VO2 is designed. The sensor structure is composed of three layers, and the surface is composed of multi-layer metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) structure. According to the phase change characteristics of VO2, the metal plate is heated in the form of resistance heating by changing the applied bias voltage. The temperature of VO2 is carefully controlled, and the different states of VO2 are simulated by changing the conductivity of VO2. When VO2 is in a high-temperature metal state, the upper three layers form MDM structure. VO2 shows metal properties and excites local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) at 1721.3 nm to realize methane detection. The sensor's absorptance reaches 94.3%, and the methane sensitivity reaches 4.21 nm/%. When VO2 is in a low-temperature insulation state, the lower three layers form MDM structure. LSPR is excited at 2694.6 nm to realize hydrogen detection. The sensor's absorptance reaches 95.9%, and the hydrogen sensitivity reaches 2.10 nm/%. When the environmental refractive index changes, the absorption peaks of VO2 in both states are red-shifted and linear,which can be used to detect the change of the environmental refractive index. In order to verify the feasibility of the sensor, six different concentrations of methane, hydrogen and four different environmental refractive indexes are simulated and analyzed. The results show that the metasurface dual-gas sensor based on VO2 can effectively detect methane and hydrogen with lower concentration. The sensitivity is greatly improved compared with the existing gas sensors. The error between the calculated and theoretical values of the resonant peak shift and the environmental refractive index change and the methane volume fraction change is very small. This indicates that the sensor has high accuracy. By analyzing the relationship between the environmental refractive index and the resonant wavelength, it is concluded that the sensor also has high detection sensitivity when the environmental refractive index changes.

BACKGROUND Quartz is not only an important prospecting indicator of hydrothermal deposits, but also a key factor affecting the evaluation of shale gas reservoir fracturing. It is of great significance to carry out the rapid evaluation of quartz content in field drilling. However, the analysis process of conventional methods (X-ray diffraction method and scanning electron microscope) is relatively long. OBJECTIVES To establish a rapid and large-scale quantitative evaluation model of quartz based on thermal infrared reflectance. METHODS Handheld FTIR spectrometer and mineral quantitative analyzer were used to analysis the content and characteristic absorption peak intensity of quartz, from mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate, limestone and dolomite samples in the Qiangtang Basin. RESULTS The relative depth (D8625, D12640, D14450) of quartz at the three characteristic center wavelength positions of 8625nm, 12640nm and 14450nm can be used to distinguish terrigenous clastic rocks from carbonate rocks. When D8625>0.14 or D12640>0.02 or D14450>0.02, the samples are mainly terrigenous clastic rocks. In addition, three quartz spectral characteristic parameters D8625, D12640, and D14450 all have a high correlation with the quartz content, and the least square method can be used to construct a quartz content evaluation model. Two indicators of goodness of fit (R2) and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the accuracy of the three models. Among them, the quartz content estimation model based on D8625 parameters had the highest goodness of fit (R2=0.9237), with the smallest root square error (RMSE=8.51). Based on this, it is believed that the D8625 quartz spectral parameters can be used as the optimal spectral index for evaluating the quartz content. CONCLUSIONS Based on thermal infrared reflectance spectroscopy technology, a field method for quickly estimating the content of quartz in drilling core has been established, which provides reference for prospecting and exploration of hydrothermal deposits and shale gas exploration and development.

ObjectiveTo study the application of the methodology of risk grading matrix and the health risk grading of Vibrio parahaemolyticus contamination in the shellfish seafood of the residents in coastal areas of China.MethodsUsing shellfish seafood consumption and pollution data of Vibrio parahaemolyticus, the severity of harm (5-point scale) and the probability of disease occurrence (5-point scale) parameters were calculated, and the risk grading model matrix was imported. The population health risk of Vibrio parahaemolyticus is assigned and graded.ResultsThe average risk score of Vibrio parahaemolyticus foodborne disease per meal for the whole population and shellfish seafood consumers in coastal areas of China was 6 points, which was of low risk, while the risk score of the raw shellfish seafood product population was10 points, which was of moderate risk.ConclusionThe risk grading matrix method is an effective semi-quantitative risk assessment method, and further optimization can provide a reference for Chinese food safety risk grading management.

The fruit and vegetable classification problem is an inseparable branch in the field of image recognition. GoogLeNet provides a more ideal solution for the fruit and vegetable classification problem. We use the GoogLeNet network to classify apples, lemons, oranges, pomegranates, tomatoes, and colored peppers. Through experiments, we obtained the training accuracy of GoogLeNet as 96.88%, the testing accuracy as 96%, and the training speed as 11.38 sheets/second. The recognition accuracy of this model can meet the basic recognition requirements, but the training speed is low. Therefore, we decided to optimize GoogLeNet to significantly improve the training speed and further enhance the recognition accuracy of GoogLeNet. We reduced the number of convolutional kernels of GoogLeNet and adjusted the structure of Inception, which reduced the number of parameters of GoogLeNet by nearly 48% and increased the training speed of GoogLeNet from 11.38 to 33.68 sheets/second. To further improve its recognition accuracy, we tried two methods: 1) introducing a new activation function Swish; 2) between convolutional layers, we introduced DropBlock layer; these two methods improved the testing accuracy of GoogLeNet by 2%. Finally, we introduce AlexNet, VGGNet, ResNet18, DenseNet121, and Inception-ResNet to compare with our optimized GoogLeNet. By comparison, we found that our model has incredible performance in ACC, AUC, FPS, Recall, etc.

Enhancing green energy consumption is the most important strategy to achieve environmental goals and control global temperature rise. Unquestionably, political intuitions make decisions for developing environmental technologies and imposing environmental taxes for phasing out fossil fuels and achieving energy transition. Therefore, this study explores the role of environmental technologies, political risk, and environmental taxes in green energy consumption considering the potential impacts of population density and economic growth in G7 countries. Second-generation tests are applied for analyzing the long-run equilibrium connection and stationarity features. Finally, the CuP-FM and CuP-BC estimators are applied for assessing long-run linkage and Dumitrescu-Hurlin causal test is applied to reveal causal flow among variables. The estimates uncovered that enhancing environmental technologies and environmental taxes upsurges the consumption of green energy. Reducing political risk in G7 countries also boosts green energy consumption. Economic growth is evidenced to stimulate the consumption of green energy, while population density limits the consumption of green energy. Moreover, environmental technologies and political risk Granger cause green energy utilization, while a feedback relationship exists between environmental taxes and green energy usage. Based on the results, this study suggests that G7 countries should allocate more funds to accelerate innovation in environmental technologies and, at the same time, reduce the political risk to boost green energy consumption.

Reasonable stope structural parameters are very important to ensure the safety and efficiency of mining. In this paper, based on the elastic-plastic constitutive model of Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, the reasonable span and critical span are calculated by using simply supported beam theory and mine room width calculation formula. PLAXIS2D finite element analysis software was used to conduct numerical simulation research on 7 m × 9 m, 5 m × 12 m stope structure parameter schemes and 7 m × 9m, 5 m × 12 m waste rock filling schemes. The optimal structure parameters of the stope were determined based on the calculation and analysis of displacement variation rule, surrounding rock stress distribution and plastic zone. The analysis and simulation results show that Case 1 one-time mining 7 m × 9 m and Case 3 one-time mining 5 m × 12 m, the plastic zone is connected, the simulation calculation is not convergent, and the stope is unstable. Case 2 waste rock filling 7 m × 9 m and Case 4 waste rock filling 5 m × 12 m, the distribution and change of stress, displacement and plastic zone in the goaf under the two cases are compared, and finally the waste rock filling 7 m × 9 m is obtained can improve the economy and safety of mining in the mining area, and verify the feasibility of implementing stope structural parameters and waste rock filling mining system is verified.