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Individual mindfulness appears to be critical for multiple processes necessary for an organization's survival, such as learning, sensemaking and managing the unexpected. Moreover, several positive effects of individual mindfulness on mental health of employees were discovered and scientists have invented several programs which aim to develop individual mindfulness. To objectively evaluate the effects of individual mindfulness on organizational processes, employees' health and the effectiveness of individual mindfulness development programs, it is necessary to accurately measure individual mindfulness. Although several mindfulness measurement tools have been created, there is still a lack of information to help users choose a specific measurement instrument in their situation. This paper tries to provide such information by using the traditional literature review method to assess three methods of individual mindfulness measurement based on three criteria: (1) how these instruments operationalize mindfulness, (2) what requirements they place upon respondents, and (3) how their scores correlate with mental factors: The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Toronto Mindfulness Scale and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Moreover, the findings of this study confirm substantial differences between the methods in these criteria and reveal a lasting lack of consensus concerning the conceptualization of individual mindfulness in organizational practice, with implications for other organizational phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to global opinion, Austria is one of the countries with lowest unemployment rates. With a respect to the high development level and efficiency of austrian economy the regularly published statistics seem to be close to reality. However a closer view reveals, that even in Austria for long time there are tendencies in decrease of a number of full-blown work contracts on a way to so-called precarisation of the work and creating a large gap between profitability of the factor of work and capital. Presented study follows a development of so-called general index of unemployment in Austria, methodologically based on recommendation of Eurostat and development of level of unemployment registered in Austria based on Statistik Austria information and further it compares basis and methods of research for the purpose of calculation of both indexes. Settling the general index of unemployment into the work-law and social-law framing of Austria and after another correction based on statistic data about so-called hidden reserves on austrian work market this paper shows, that the number of unemployed people, who want to work and are able to accept a job offer immediately is, according to latest relevant statistic measurements in Austria, approximately two times higher than is the actual level of the general unemployment index. These findings imply, that actions applied to optimize the local situation on austrian work market, as well as system solutions of unemployment in Austria are efficient in a sense, that real level of unemployment in Austria does not have negative impact on real productivity of austrian economy. Contrarily, thanks to them the so-called consumption is maintained on one side and on the other side the qualification of unemployed people is developped, which is necessary for efficient performance in their future job position and also for creation of inovative and sustainable solutions of our current problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main point of our investigations and research is to reflect, analyze and argue for the use of the innovative power of Commons in general, and Industrial Commons in particular, to improve creativity as essential foundation (not only) ofNetwork Economics. The latter should help to overcome some of the obstacles and threats posed by globalization. We shall furthermore provide a theoretical background to explain why it is necessary not only to provide 'tools' or techniques to generate the parameter values stemming fromthe well-trodden path of classical economics but also - following Lakatos, Soros and others - why it is necessary to change our established attitudes concerning the 'use' of these tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]