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Agricultural production has benefited a lot from herbicides; however, the use of herbicides caused many environmental problems. Herbicide application can affect the biodiversity of an ecosystem by killing non-target organisms. Microorganisms in the soil are important factors for plant growth; they represent the biological factor of soil fertility. Herbicides can have a beneficial effect on the development of some microorganisms and a negative on others, leading to depletion of microbial diversity in soil. The objective of this work is to determine microbial activity in the soil and to isolate herbicide-resistant bacteria after the use of the "Stomp" herbicide. Agar plate method was used for the determination of microbial prevalence in the soil. The results showed an increase in the total number of bacteria, ammonifiers, fungi, and actinomycetes. Nine isolates, mostly Gram-positive spore-forming rods, showed an ability to grow in the mineral salt medium with different concentrations of "Stomp" herbicide. Isolates G1/1 and G1/2, showed high level of tolerance at the initial pendimethalin concentration of 25 mg/l. Those isolates have the potential to be used to decontaminate herbicide affected ecosystems.

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Buckwheat is an annual plant in the Polygonaceae family that is classified as a pseudocereal. It is mainly used as a source of antioxidants and gluten-free foods. Buckwheat yield and quality depend on genetic properties, environmental conditions, and cultural practices. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effects of organomineral fertiliser on buckwheat yield and antioxidant activity in the environmental conditions of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The treatments used in this research consisted of a combination of fertilisers (fertilised and nonfertilised) and two buckwheat species (common and tartary buckwheat). During 2019, two field experiments were conducted in Butmir and Kakanj (B&H). The tested properties were plant height, a mass of 1000 kernels, yield, total phenolic, and antioxidant activity of leaves, flowers, and kernels. Yield depended on the treatment, ranging from 946.9 kg ha-1 to 1438.6 kg ha-1. The total phenol contents were affected by fertiliser treatment, buckwheat species, and plant organs. The kernel had the lowest total phenol content (30.55 mg GAE g-1), whereas the flowers had the highest content (158.03 mg GAE g-1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Lavandula genus is one of the world's most popular medicinal and aromatic plants and is rich in essential oil. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) and lavandin (Lavandula intermedia Emeric ex Loisel.) have high commercial values worldwide. However, their quality depends on genetic properties, environmental conditions, and cultural practices. Therefore, this research aimed to determine the antioxidant capacity and content of constituents in the essential oil of lavender and lavandin grown in the environmental conditions of central Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). Samples of lavender and lavandin (cv. grosso) were collected at Butmir, B&H. The tested properties were total phenolic, total flavonoids, antioxidant activity, essential oil content and content of constituents in essential oil. The quality of tested plants was statistically significantly dependent on the cultivar. The highest values of total phenolic, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity were recorded in the lavender (54.26 mg GAE g-1, 41.49 mg CAE g-1 and 17.49 µM Fe2+ g-1, respectively), while the lowest was in the lavandin (39.30 mg GAE g-1, 24.07 mg CAE g-1 and 10.84 µM Fe2+ g-1, respectively). Essential oil content ranged from 4.44 (Lavender) to 8.25 mL 100 g-1 (lavandin). Essential oil of lavender and lavandin were rich in linalool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Agriculturae Slovenica is the property of Biotechnical Faculty of the University of Ljubljana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata [Sturtev.] L.H. Bailey) is a thermophilic crop that is sensitive to cold stress and thus may be cultivated by raising seedlings. The aim of this work was to determine the impact of transplanting and direct sowing on the yield and earliness of the sweet corn crop. The treatment protocol used had a combination of two different cultivation technologies (transplanting and direct sowing) and two different sowing periods (8 and 15 May during both growing seasons). The results show that the different cultivation technologies both had significant effects on the productive properties and earliness of sweet corn. The transplanting variants had about 34% more plants per hectare compared with the direct sowing yield. The ear length and mass were higher in crops grown using transplanting (22.2 cm and 278.0 g, respectively) than in crops grown using direct sowing (21.2 cm and 270.3 g, respectively). During the research period, a significantly higher ear yield was noted in the transplanted variants (11.7 t ha-1) compared with those of direct sowing (7.6 t ha-1). The transplanting variants had earlier harvests by 18 and 16 d in the first and second sowing periods, respectively, compared with those of direct sowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New advances in the food industry are directed towards exploiting natural resources. Nowadays, essential oils and their antimicrobial activities are the subject of many researches. Their possible use as natural food additives is particularly prominent. This study analyzed the influence of ginger and rosemary oil on the growth of pure bacterial culture using the disk diffusion method. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella spp. were used as test organisms for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. The results showed that both types of oil inhibit bacterial growth, although inhibition rate varies between different bacterial species. It certainly depends on the type of plant used for oil extraction. Study has shown that ginger and rosemary oil can potentially be used in treating diseases caused by these bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) is an annual plant from Polygonaceae family which is well known as pseudocereal with high nutritional value. The yield and quality of the buckwheat's kernel depend on weather conditions, mainly due to variations in the air temperatures and precipitation during the growing period. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of some metrological parameters on yields and chemical compositions in the kernel of buckwheat. Field experiments were conducted during three years (2011, 2012 and 2013) in the village Donje Selo, near Ilijaš. In this study grain yield, protein content, sludge, fats, mineral matter, cellulose and total phenols were determined. Experimental results suggested that the weather conditions in different years of the research have a significant impact on the yield and the chemical composition of the kernel. The yield of buckwheat varied from the year to year and ranged from 0.98 to 1.29 tons per hectare. Contents of protein and starch were also significantly dependent on the year of the research, as well as the content of phenol in the kernel. High total phenolic content was recorded in the year with the highest average monthly air temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithuania and Bosnia and Herzegovina are considered as countries with high vulnerability and low adaptive capacity to cope with climate change. The entire territory of these countries is characterized by the warming trend, with positive trends in both the maximum and the minimum temperatures throughout the year. The increase in air temperature has resulted in change of evapotranspiration and mean annual water balance values. These countries are also frequently faced with an occurrence of severe droughts and heavy floods. The main purpose of this study was to determine and compare the severity of changes in mean annual water balance for two humid climatic zones, in order to understand how different areas of similar climate characteristics react to climate change and to analyze the significance of their influence. Monthly weather data from two weather stations, Kaunas (Lithuania) and Sarajevo (Bosnia and Herzegovina), for the time period of 30 years (1988 - 2017) were used to determine and analyze the mean annual water balance. The results indicate that climate change has a different effect on the water balance of these two humid areas. Both locations showed a positive trend of reference evapotranspiration, with an increase of 1.450 mm year-1 to 1.503 mm year-1. However, the total runoff and soil moisture deficit are decreasing in Kaunas (-0.480 mm and -2.114 mm year-1, respectively), while they are increasing in Sarajevo (0.492 mm and 0.485 mm year-1, respectively). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, many studies in weed science are focused on biology and ecology of weeds. Knowing of weed infestation of agricultural areas is directly dependent on knowing of the time and the dynamics of weed seed germination, as well as the factors which are affecting them. Application of the knowledge about the dynamics of seed banks in soil as well as predicting the time of weed emergence in the models for weed control would enable the reduction of the herbicide use without any influence on the crop yield and level of weed control, with the same or increased economic impact. This paper presents results of testing of seed germination and breaking dormancy of the following weeds: johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti), quackgrass (Agropyron repens) and thorn apple (Datura stramonium). Six different methods of breaking weed dormancy were applied. Method of heating to 80 centigrades showed the best result regarding the breaking dormancy of the investigated weeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]