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Mixed Reality (MR) Head Mounted Displays (HMDs) offer a hitherto underutilized set of advantages compared to conventional 3D scanners. These benefits, inherent to MR-HMDs albeit not originally intended for such applications, encompass the freedom of hand movement, hand tracking capabilities, and real-time mesh visualization. This study leverages these attributes to enhance indoor scanning process. The primary innovation lies in the conceptualization of manual-positioned MR virtual seeds for the purpose of indoor point cloud segmentation via a region-growing approach. The proposed methodology is effectively implemented using the HoloLens 2 platform. An application is designed to enable the remote placement of virtual tags based on the user's visual focus on the MR-HMD display. This non-intrusive interface is further enriched with expedited tag saving and deletion functionalities, as well as augmented tag visualization through overlaying them on real-world objects. To assess the practicality of the proposed method, a comprehensive real-world case study spanning an area of 330 s2 is conducted. Remarkably, the survey demonstrates remarkable efficiency, with 20 virtual tags swiftly deployed, each requiring a mere 2 s for precise positioning. Subsequently, these virtual tags are employed as seeds in a region-growing algorithm for point cloud segmentation. The accuracy of virtual tag positioning is found to be exceptional, with an average error of 2.4 ± 1.8 cm. Importantly, the user experience is significantly enhanced, leading to improved seed positioning and, consequently, more accurate final segmentation results.

Despite recognition of the relationship between infrastructure resilience and community recovery, very limited empirical evidence exists regarding the extent to which the disruptions in and restoration of infrastructure services contribute to the speed of community recovery. To address this gap, this study investigates the relationship between community and infrastructure systems in the context of hurricane impacts, focusing on the recovery dynamics of population activity and power infrastructure restoration. Empirical observational data were utilized to analyze the extent of impact, recovery duration, and recovery types of both systems in the aftermath of Hurricane Ida. The study reveals three key findings. First, power outage duration positively correlates with outage extent until a certain impact threshold is reached. Beyond this threshold, restoration time remains relatively stable regardless of outage magnitude. This finding underscores the need to strengthen power infrastructure, particularly in extreme weather conditions, to minimize outage restoration time. Second, power was fully restored in 70% of affected areas before population activity levels normalized. This finding suggests the role infrastructure functionality plays in post-disaster community recovery. Quicker power restoration did not equate to rapid population activity recovery due to other possible factors such as transportation, housing damage, and business interruptions. Finally, if power outages last beyond two weeks, community activity resumes before complete power restoration, indicating adaptability in prolonged outage scenarios. This implies the capacity of communities to adapt to ongoing power outages and continue daily life activities. These findings offer valuable empirical insights into the interaction between human activities and infrastructure systems, such as power outages, during extreme weather events. They also enhance our empirical understanding of how infrastructure resilience influences community recovery. By identifying the critical thresholds for power outage functionality and duration that affect population activity recovery, this study furthers our understanding of how infrastructure performance intertwines with community functioning in extreme weather conditions. Hence, the findings can inform infrastructure operators, emergency managers, and public officials about the significance of resilient infrastructure in life activity recovery of communities when facing extreme weather hazards.

This paper proposes a set of nonparametric statistical tools for analyzing the system resilience of civil structures and infrastructure and its migration upon changes in critical system parameters. The work is founded on the classic theoretic framework that system resilience is defined in multiple dimensions for a constructed system. Consequentially, system resilience can lose its parametric form as a random variable, falling into the realm of nonparametric statistics. With this nonparametric shift, traditional distribution-based statistics are ineffective in characterizing the migration of system resilience due to the variation of system parameters. Three statistical tools are proposed under the nonparametric statistical resilience analysis (npSRA) framework, including nonparametric copula-based sensitivity analysis, two-sample resilience test analysis, and a novel tool for resilience attenuation analysis. To demonstrate the use of this framework, we focus on electric distribution systems, commonly found in many urban, suburban, and rural areas and vulnerable to tropical storms. A novel procedure for considering resourcefulness parameters in the socioeconomic space is proposed. Numerical results reveal the complex statistical relations between the distributions of system resilience, physical aging, and socioeconomic parameters for the power distribution system. The proposed resilience distance computing and resilience attenuation analysis further suggests two proper nonparametric distance metrics, the Earth Moving Distance (EMD) metric and the Cramévon Mises (CVM) metric, for characterizing the migration of system resilience for electric distribution systems.

The community's resilience in the face of natural hazards relies heavily on the rapid and efficient restoration of electric power networks, which plays a critical role in emergency response, economic recovery, and the functionality of essential lifeline and social infrastructure systems. Leveraging the recent data revolution, the digital twin (DT) concept emerges as a promising tool to enhance the effectiveness of post-disaster recovery efforts. This paper introduces a novel framework for post-hurricane electric power restoration using a hybrid DT approach that combines physics-based and data-driven models by utilizing a dynamic Bayesian network. By capturing the complexities of power system dynamics and incorporating the road network's influence, the framework offers a comprehensive methodology to guide real-time power restoration efforts in post-disaster scenarios. A discrete event simulation is conducted to demonstrate the proposed framework's efficacy. The study showcases how the electric power restoration DT can be monitored and updated in real-time, reflecting changing conditions and facilitating adaptive decision-making. Furthermore, it demonstrates the framework's flexibility to allow decision-makers to prioritize essential, residential, and business facilities and compare different restoration plans and their potential effect on the community.

The swift recuperation of communities following natural hazards heavily relies on the efficiency of transportation systems, facilitating the timely delivery of vital resources and manpower to reconstruction sites. This paper delves into the pivotal role of transportation systems in aiding the recovery of built environments, proposing an evaluative metric that correlates transportation capacity with the speed of post-earthquake recovery. Focusing on optimizing urban population capacity in the aftermath of earthquakes, the study comprehensively examines the impact of pre-earthquake measures such as enhancing building or bridge seismic performance on post-earthquake urban population capacity. The methodology is demonstrated through an analysis of Beijing’s transportation system, elucidating how enhancements to transportation infrastructure fortify the resilience of built environments. Additionally, the concept of a resource supply rate is introduced to gauge the level of logistical support available after an earthquake. This rate tends to decrease when transportation damage is significant or when the demands for repairs overwhelm available resources, indicating a need for retrofitting. Through sensitivity analysis, this study explores how investments in the built environment or logistical systems can increase the resource supply rate, thereby contributing to more resilient urban areas in the face of seismic challenges.

Lifelines are critical infrastructure systems characterized by a high level of interdependency that can lead to cascading failures after any disaster. Many approaches can be used to analyze infrastructural interdependencies, but they are usually not able to describe the sequence of events during emergencies. Therefore, interdependencies need to be modeled also taking into account the time effects. The methodology proposed in this paper is based on a modified version of the Input-output Inoperability Model and returns the probabilities of failure for each node of the system. Lifelines are modeled using graph theory, while perturbations, representing a natural or man-made disaster, are applied to the elements of the network following predetermined rules. The cascading effects among interdependent networks have been simulated using a spatial multilayer approach, while the use of an adjacency tensor allows to consider the temporal dimension and its effects. The method has been tested on a case study based on the 2011 Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear disaster. Different configurations of the system have been analyzed and their probability of occurrence evaluated. Two models of the nuclear power plant have been developed to evaluate how different spatial scales and levels of detail affect the results.

The time-dependent resilience of an in-service aging structure provides quantitative measure of the structural ability to prepare for, adapt to, withstand and recover from disruptive events. Resilience models have been proposed in the literature to evaluate the resilience of aging structures subjected to discrete load processes, which are, however, not applicable to handle resilience problems considering continuous load processes. In this paper, a new method is developed to evaluate the time-dependent resilience of aging structures subjected to a continuous load process. The proposed method serves as the complement of the existing resilience models addressing discrete load processes, and takes into account the aging effects of the structural resistance/capacity and the nonstationarity in loads as a result of climate change. A structure suffers from a damage state upon the occurrence of an upcrossing of the load effect with respect to the resistance/capacity, leading to the reduction of the performance function, followed by a recovery process that restores the performance. The proposed method enables the time-dependent resilience to be evaluated via a closed form solution. It is also revealed that, the proposed resilience model takes an extended form of the existing formula for upcrossing-based time-dependent reliability, thus establishing a unified framework for the two quantities. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated through examining the time-dependent resilience of a residential building subjected to wind load. The effects of key factors on resilience, including the nonstationarity and correlation structure of the load process, as well as the resistance/capacity deterioration scenario, are investigated through an example. In particular, the structural resilience would be overestimated if ignoring the potential impacts of climate change, which is a relatively non-conservative evaluation.

Critical Infrastructures (CIs), which serve as the foundation of our modern society, are facing increasing risks from cyber threats, physical attacks, and natural disasters. Additionally, the interdependencies between CIs throughout their operational lifespan can also significantly impact their integrity and safety. As a result, enhancing the resilience of CIs has emerged as a top priority for many countries, including the European Union. This involves not only understanding the threats/attacks themselves but also gaining knowledge about the areas and infrastructures that could potentially be affected. A European Union-funded project named PRECINCT (Preparedness and Resilience Enforcement for Critical INfrastructure Cascading Cyber-Physical Threats), under the Horizon 2020 program, tries to connect private and public stakeholders of CIs in a specific geographical area. The key objective of this project is to establish a common cyber-physical security management approach that will ensure the protection of both citizens and infrastructures, creating a secure territory. This paper presents the components of PRECINCT, including a directory of PRECINCT Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) blueprints. These blueprints support CI communities in designing integrated ecosystems, operating and replicating PRECINCT components (or toolkits). The integration enables coordinated security and resilience management, incorporating improved 'installation-specific' security solutions. Additionally, Serious Games (SG), and Digital Twins (DT) are a significant part of this project, serving as a novel vulnerability evaluation method for analysing complicated multi-system cascading effects in the PRECINCT Living Labs (LLs). The use of SG supports the concentrated advancement of innovative resilience enhancement services.

Abstract The spatiotemporal mobility patterns and next location prediction of fake base stations (FBS) provide important technical support for the police to prevent spam messages from FBS. However, due to the difficulty in locating their real-time locations, our understanding of the mobility patterns and predictability of FBS is still limited. Based on the crowdsourced spam data, we extract the time and potential locations of FBS and propose a Tucker-MMC method that combines Tucker decomposition with a Mobility Markov Chain (MMC) model to investigate the mobility patterns and predictability of FBS sending spam messages. First, we utilize Tucker decomposition to reflect the spatial and temporal preferences during the movement of the corresponding FBS. Then the mobility regularity and the theoretical maximum predictability of the FBS trajectories with similar mobility preferences are analyzed by entropy and Fano's inequality. A Tucker-MMC is also established for the next location prediction. The results using the spam dataset in Beijing show that the accuracy of Tucker-MMC is more than double that of the MMC. The accuracy of the actual location prediction model is more likely to approach the theoretical maximum predictability when FBS send spam messages in a shorter time, shorter transfer distance, and smaller access range.

Abstract Infectious diseases usually originate from a specific location within a city. Due to the heterogenous distribution of population and public facilities, and the structural heterogeneity of human mobility network embedded in space, infectious diseases break out at different locations would cause different transmission risk and control difficulty. This study aims to investigate the impact of initial outbreak locations on the risk of spatiotemporal transmission and reveal the driving force behind high-risk outbreak locations. First, we built a SLIR (susceptible-latent-infectious-removed)-based age-stratified meta-population model, integrating mobile phone location data, to simulate the spreading process of an infectious disease across fine-grained intra-urban regions (i.e., 649 communities of Shenzhen City, China). Based on the simulation model, we evaluated the transmission risk caused by different initial outbreak locations by proposing three indexes including the number of infected cases (CaseNum), the number of affected regions (RegionNum), and the spatial diffusion range (SpatialRange). Finally, we investigated the contribution of different influential factors to the transmission risk via machine learning models. Results indicate that different initial outbreak locations would cause similar CaseNum but different RegionNum and SpatialRange. To avoid the epidemic spread quickly to more regions, it is necessary to prevent epidemic breaking out in locations with high population-mobility flow density. While to avoid epidemic spread to larger spatial range, remote regions with long daily trip distance of residents need attention. Those findings can help understand the transmission risk and driving force of initial outbreak locations within cities and make precise prevention and control strategies in advance.

Abstract Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) proves its effectiveness in alleviating traffic congestion, especially in urban areas. The implementation of Transit Signal Priority (TSP) for BRT has shown a significant reduction in delays. However, in densely populated urban areas, this priority can inadvertently cause additional delays for other modes of transportation. In this paper, we propose a control strategy for Regionally Coordinating Bus Priority Signals Control (RCBPSC) at urban intersections. The aim is not only to reduce bus delays but also to consider minimizing delays for pedestrians and other vehicles. To achieve this, we modeled two consecutive intersections along the Amman BRT. Essentially, we evaluated three different control scenarios in addition to the current base scenario. These scenarios include adaptive traffic signal control, RCBPSC with no signal timing optimization, and RCBPSC with signal optimization. Simulation results indicate that the adaptive traffic signal timing has the worst operational performance in terms of average delay and Level of Service (LOS) compared to the base scenario. Additionally, the results show that BRT delays significantly decrease at both intersections when we implement RCBPSC scenarios. When implementing RCBPSC with optimization scenarios, the results show an average reduction of more than 60% in intersection delay, a decrease in emissions of more than 50%, and an improved LOS for system users compared to the base scenario. The findings of this work can help agencies improve the current operational condition of BRT when implementing RCBPSC.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented changes to various aspects of daily life, profoundly affecting human mobility. These changes in mobility patterns were not uniform, as numerous factors, including public health measures, socioeconomic status, and urban infrastructure, influenced them. This study examines human mobility changes during COVID-19 in San Diego County and New York City, employing Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) and various network measures to analyze connectivity and socioeconomic status (SES) within these regions. While many COVID-19 and mobility studies have revealed overall reductions in mobility or changes in mobility patterns, they often fail to specify ’where’ these changes occur and lack a detailed understanding of the relationship between SES and mobility changes. This creates a significant research gap in understanding the spatial and socioeconomic dimensions of mobility changes during the pandemic. This study aims to address this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of how mobility patterns varied across different socioeconomic groups during the pandemic. By comparing mobility patterns before and during the pandemic, we aim to shed light on how this unprecedented event impacted different communities. Our research contributes to the literature by employing network science to examine COVID-19’s impact on human mobility, integrating SES variables into the analysis of mobility networks. This approach provides a detailed understanding of how social and economic factors influence movement patterns and urban connectivity, highlighting disparities in mobility and access across different socioeconomic groups. The results identify areas functioning as hubs or bridges and illustrate how these roles changed during COVID-19, revealing existing societal inequalities. Specifically, we observed that urban parks and rural areas with national parks became significant mobility hubs during the pandemic, while affluent areas with high educational attainment saw a decline in centrality measures, indicating a shift in urban mobility dynamics and exacerbating pre-existing socioeconomic disparities.

Abstract Buried pipeline systems are vulnerable to joint damage in earthquakes. Previous studies have shown that bellows joints are effective in increasing deformation capacity and reducing the axial force of the main pipeline. However, the effectiveness of bellows joints in enhancing the deformation capacity of the pipelines is affected by the location of the crossing fault and the soil at the site. This paper constructs and validates a finite element model of a buried steel pipeline connected by a bellows joint using ABAQUS to investigate this issue. The effects of fault location, soil properties, and internal pressure on the bellows joint connected pipelines were analyzed using a finite element model. The results indicate that the bellows joints exhibit the best energy dissipation and deformation enhancement when the fault passes directly through the joints. Bellows joints in soft soil are better at dissipating energy, reducing pipe deformation, and mitigating pipe damage compared to those in hard soils. The internal pressure is helpful to increase the mechanical properties of the pipelines. The findings can provide some guidance for pipeline design and mitigation strategies for ensuring the reliability and safety of buried pipeline systems in earthquake-prone areas.

Abstract Battambang has been identified as an exemplar for sustainability city development in Cambodia due to its success with the introduction of new programs and planning initiatives, which have led to recognition of its clean and green city status by the Cambodian Government and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Limited research has been done to date to investigate how Battambang has achieved these results, compared with other rapidly urbanising cities of Cambodia and Southeast Asia. Through the lens of urban sustainability transformations, our research identifies the capacity strengths and gaps of Battambang city in preparing for and initiating the city’s urban transformation of its waste sector, applying the transformative capacities framework of Wolfram (Cities 51:121-130, 2016). Through qualitative coding of semi-structured interviews and document analysis we found that (a) particular transformative capacities provided building blocks for the development of other capacities, (b) award and recognition processes can play a role in developing transformative capacities, and (c) that the city’s culture of innovation and relatively stable population and political-economy contributed to strengthening its capacities. This research contributes knowledge for policy and practice on urban transformative capacity strengthening, as it supports a phased ‘building blocks’ approach in resource-constrained contexts.

Abstract The outbreak of the COVID-19 Omicron variant in Shanghai in 2022 elicited complex emotions among Shanghainese during the two-month quarantine period. This paper aims to identify prevailing public themes and sentiments by analyzing social media posts from Weibo. Initially, we conducted research based on a dataset of 90,000 Weibo posts during the 2022 COVID-19 outbreak in Shanghai. By examining social media data that mirrors residents' emotional shifts and areas of focus during unforeseen circumstances, we have developed an analytical framework combining hotspot analysis and public sentiment assessment. Subsequently, we employed the Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) method to conduct topic modeling on the Weibo text data. The SnowNLP sentiment classification method was then utilized to quantify sentiment values. Ultimately, we performed spatial visualization of sentiment and concern data, categorizing them into distinct time periods based on Shanghai's infection curve. This approach allowed us to investigate concern focal points, sentiment trends, and their spatiotemporal evolution characteristics. Our findings indicate that variations in public sentiment primarily hinge on the severity of the epidemic's spread, emerging events, the availability of essential resources, and the government's ability to respond promptly and accurately. It is evident that, while residents' concerns shift over time, their primary objective on social media remains expressing demands and releasing emotions. This research offers an avenue for leveraging public opinion analysis to enhance governance capacity during crises, fortify urban resilience, and promote public involvement in governmental decision-making processes.

Abstract Corrosion is one of the most common forms of damage to pressure pipes. CIPP liner can improve the mechanical properties of the pipe with corrosion. It is very important to study the mechanical response of corrosion pipes rehabilitated by CIPP liner. In this study, a three-dimensional finite element model of a pressure pipe rehabilitated with CIPP liner under the condition of circular corrosion is established, and the model is evaluated by using the experimental and analytical results. Afterward, the influence of each parameter on the stress and displacement of the liner is analyzed. Finally, the liner stress calculation equation is obtained based on 870 sets of data. The results show that the finite element results are in good agreement with the experimental and analytical results. The maximum stress of the liner first occurs at the center of the corroded circle, and as the corrosion diameter increases, the maximum stress gradually shifts to the edge. The maximum stress of the liner increases first and then tends to be stable with the increase of the corrosion diameter, and the friction coefficient has little effect on the liner stress.

يتناول البحث أحد المواضيع الهامة التي تمثل تحدي لمعظم دول العالم وخاصة دول العالم النامي، وهي قدرة اقتصاد مدن هذه الدول على التحول الى الاقتصاد الأخضر المستدام. وتتمثل أهمية الاقتصاد الأخضر المستدام للمدن في قدرته على تعظيم فرص الاقتصاد المحلي للمدن على تحسين مستوى المعيشة للإنسان، القضاء على الفقر وتعزيز الإدماج الاجتماعي، خلق فرص العمل اللائقة للجميع دون الاضرار بالبيئة العامة حيث يعتبر اهم أدوات تحقيق التنمية المستدامة. ونظرا لأهمية الموضوع فقد تم اعتماد الاقتصاد الأخضر المستدام من قبل الدولة المصرية كأحد اهم السياسات لتحقيق اهداف التنمية المستدامة لاقتصاد المدن المصرية في ضوء رؤية مصر 2030 (استراتيجية التنمية المستدامة). يهدف البحث الى التوصل الي المعايير الأساسية لقياس مدى قابلية المدن المصرية لتحقيق فكر النمو الاقتصادي الأخضر المستدام، بحيث يمكن استخدامها ضمن إطار مقترح يمكن متخذي القرار من إدارة الاقتصاد الحالي لمدنهم وتحويله الى الاقتصاد الأخضر المستدام وبالتالي المساهمة في تحقيقي التنمية المستدامة للمدينة المصرية. ولقد تم من خلال مجموعة من الدراسات النظرية التحليلية التوصل الى استنباط إطار عام لتحقيق الاقتصاد الأخضر بوجه عام، ثم من خلال مجموعة من الدراسات التحليلية لعدد من التجارب العالمية الناجحة في مجال تطبيق الاقتصاد الأخضر تم تدقيق الإطار وتحديد مجموعة المؤشرات النهائية المستهدفة للإطار. ولقد قام البحث بأجراء دراسة تطبيقية للاطار المقترح على مجموعة من المدن لقياس مدى فاعلية وقابلية الاطار في تصنيف المدن المصرية من حيث القدرة الاقتصادية لهذه المدن على مستوى الجمهورية باستخدام برنامج التحليلي الاحصائي SPSS، ولقد توصلت نتائج الدراسة إلى تقسيم المدن محل الدراسة إلى أربعة مجموعات رئيسية وفقاً لتحقيق مؤشرات النمو الاقتصادي المستدام، بين الأعلى في مؤشرات النمو الاقتصادي والأدنى بها. كما تم التوصل الى مجموعة من التوصيات التي يمكن من خلالها أدارة اقتصاد هذه المدن للتحول الى اقتصاد اخضر مستدام. The research addresses one of the major issues facing developing countries nowadays concerning the ability of transferring the economy of theirs cities to a green sustainable economy. The importance of a sustainable green economy for cities is its ability to maximize the opportunities of the local economy for cities to improve the quality of life, eradicate poverty and promote social inclusion, and create decent jobs for all without damage the environment, where it is the most important tool for achieving sustainable development. The Egyptian government, according to Egypt Vision 2030 Sustainable Development Strategy Report, noticing such an importance has adopted the aim of the Sustainable Green Economy (SGE) as one of the main strategies for achieving sustainable development for Egyptian cities. The paper aims to induct a framework that would help cities economist and decision makers to transfer, manage and control the economy of the Egyptian cities to promote SGE. Based on a number of theoretical and analytical studies the paper managed to deduct the proposed framework. The proposed framework was further refined based on the results and findings of the analytical studies for a number of selected international successful SGE’s cities. Also, based on the results of the former studies the paper deducted a list of indicators that could help in measuring and monitoring the ability of traditional economies to be transferred to SGE. The archived list of indicator is to be utilized within the proposed framework. Finally, the paper tested the proposed framework through a practical study applying the framework on a number of Egyptian selected cities, using a statistical analysis method (using SPSS) to classify Egyptian cities according to their potential to achieve sustainable green economic growth approach. The study classified the selected cities into four major groups, among the highest in the indicators of economic growth and the lowest. The paper proposed recommendations for managing and controlling the transfer of the economy of the Egyptian cities to sustainable green economy.

To introduce an approximately idea of distinct Cairene Downtown; as an international city between the Two World Wars, this paper examines the alliance between the traditional and the modern cities. It provides fundamentally an analytical historical background of the city’s urban life by discussing the major events of that period, its decline and changes, and the gradually increasing European intervention. Such relevant influences, development aspects, population expansion and building boom, structure and traffic; all these factors had a distinguished impact on Cairo’s urbanism and architecture. The basis for this vision is quoted from selected novels compiled by Yahya Hakki and Naguib Mahfouz, which illustrates the traditional city at the time, and provides glimpses of intimacy into Cairo in a fast transitional period which is still in progress. The exhaustive description of places, streets and districts, depicted in precise detail are extracted. The foreigners’ empathy about Cairo recorded in the travelers’ guidebooks during the same period, and which could be contradictory to the Egyptian fascination towards modernization, is also reviewed, to show the discrepancy between the two views that of westerners versus that of locals. This paper discusses briefly the distinct reactions towards the changes of the traditional and modern cities. Also, this paper examines the outcome of the European’s interpretation with respect to the relation between the old traditional and the new modern cities that constitute Cairo’s overall image. This is ended by the outcome of such a phenomenon characterized by the appearance of two diversified cities in Cairo. لتقديم فكرة تقريبية عن وسط مدينة القاهرة المتميز، والذي يعتبر مدينة عالمية خلال الفترة ما بين الحربين العالميتين، تتناول هذه الورقة العلاقة بين المدن التقليدية والحديثة. وهو يقدم بشكل أساسي خلفية تاريخية تحليلية للحياة الحضرية في المدينة من خلال مناقشة الأحداث الكبرى في تلك الفترة، وتراجعها وتغيراتها، والتدخل الأوروبي المتزايد تدريجيا في البلاد. بجانب التأثيرات ذات الصلة، وجوانب التنمية، والتوسع السكاني والطفرة العمرانية، والبنية وحركة المرور؛ وكان لكل هذه العوامل تأثير مميز على عمران وعمارة القاهرة. وأساس هذه الرؤية مقتبس من روايات مختارة جمعها كلا من الاديبين يحيى حقي ونجيب محفوظ، والتي توضح حياة المدينة القديمة في ذلك الوقت، وتقدم لمحات من العلاقة الحميمة بالقاهرة في فترة انتقالية سريعة والتي لا تزال مستمرة. يتم استخلاص الوصف الشامل للأماكن والشوارع والأحياء، والموضحة بتفاصيل دقيقة. كما سيتم استعراض تعاطف الأجانب مع القاهرة والمسجل في أدلة الرحالة خلال نفس الفترة، والذي قد يتعارض مع انجذاب وميل المصريين نحو التحديث. لذلك تتناول هذه الورقة بإيجاز ردود الفعل المتميزة تجاه التغيرات في الصورة العامة للمدن التقليدية والحديثة. كما تتناول هذه الورقة نتائج التفسير الغربيفيما يتعلق بالعلاقة بين المدن التقليدية القديمة والمدن الحديثة الجديدة والتي تشكل الصورة العامة للقاهرة. وينتهي ذلك بنتيجة هذه الظاهرة التي تتميز بظهور مدينتين متنوعتين في داخل القاهرة.

Given the significance of Historic Cairo as a world heritage site, and since Egypt’s application to the UNESCO in 1979 to register Islamic Cairo, and upon changing the name of the site into Historic Cairo in 2007, and after the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS) approved the registration in 1979, proceedings were given stating that the information related to identifying such heritage site as insufficient and that it’s required to specify the name and address of the owning authority. Furthermore, since 1993, the UNESCO World Heritage Centre has repeatedly recommended the need for a clear and effective management system, proposing protection and management measures, emphasizing that these procedures require a comprehensive management system to address weaknesses, and developing a management plan consistent with the guidelines issued by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre. In 2001, the UNESCO World Heritage Centre referred to the lack of coordination highlighting the great complexity of Historic Cairo as a World Heritage site, which is reflected in the large number of responsible actors, such as the Ministry of Antiquities and the National Organization for Urban Harmony (NOUH) of the Ministry of Culture, Cairo’s Governorate, and other concerned parties. In addition to other ministries, such as Awqaf, Interior, and Housing which established an authority in the name of Fatimid Cairo, operate in different administrative ways and for different goals which represents the main research problem. Therefore, there must be one authority that coordinates and is responsible for the rest of the bodies concerned to facilitate the implementation of a management plan that is consistent with the guidelines approved by the UNESCO World Heritage Centre as soon as possible which is the main purpose of this research. This paper relied on a descriptive research approach and then the deductive research approach to achieve the mentioned goal. Therefore, this research attempts to solve the mentioned issues through proposing a management plan that implements sustainable procedures, planning tools, detailed action plans supported by appropriate laws, high coordination between all the various parties concerned to prevent further damage to the urban fabric and buildings of such World Heritage site. نظراً لأهمية القاهرة التاريخية كممتلك للتراث العالمي. ومنذ تقدم مصر لمنظمة اليونسكو في 1979م لتسجيل القاهرة الإسلامية، وما تم من بتغير اسم الممتلك ليصبح القاهرة التاريخية في عام 2007، وبعد موافقة مجلس الايكوموس على التسجيل 1979م فقد اعطي ملاحظات أفادت بان المعلومات الخاصة بتحديد الممتلك التراثي غير كافية وأنه من المطلوب تحديد اسم وعنوان الجهة التي تملك هذا الأثر والذي يخرج عن الملكيات الخاصة. ولقد أوصي مركز التراث العالمي مراراً منذ عام 1993 وحتى الآن بضرورة وجود نظام إدارة واضح وفعال، واقتراح إجراءات الحماية والإدارة والتأكيد على إن هذه الإجراءات تتطلب نظام إدارة شامل لمعالجة نقاط الضعف، ووضع خطة إدارة تتفق مع المبادئ التوجيهية الصادرة عن مركز التراث العالمي. وفي عام 2001 اشار مركز التراث العالمي الي الافتقار إلى التنسيق، وسلط الضوء على التعقيد الكبير في القاهرة التاريخية كموقع للتراث العالمي، وهو ما يعكسه العدد الكبير جداً من الجهات الفاعلة والمسئولة، مثل وزارة الآثار والجهاز القومي للتنسيق الحضاري التابع لوزارة الثقافة. ومحافظة القاهرة وهذه هي الأطراف الأساسية. بجانب وزارات أخري مثل الأوقاف والداخلية والإسكان التي انشات جهاز باسم القاهرة الفاطمية وكل هذه الجهات تعمل بأهداف ادارية مختلفة. وهو ما يمثل مشكلة البحث لرئيسية. لذا يجب وجود جهة واحدة تكون مسؤولة وتقوم بالتنسيق مع باقي الاطراف ليسهل تطبيق خطة إدارة تتفق مع المبادئ التوجيهية، وتعتمد من مركز التراث العالمي واليونسكو في اسرع وقت. وهو ما يمثل هدف البحث. كما يجب وضع خطة إدارة تُطبق إجراءات مستدامة،ويجب وضع أدوات تخطيطية وخطط عمل تفصيلية مدعومة بقوانين ملائمة، والتنسيق بين مختلف الإدارات والهيئات المعنية لمنع المزيد من الأضرار اللاحقة بالنسيج العمراني والمباني في الممتلك التراثي العالمي.

Climate change has a significant impact on urban green areas, and its surrounding environments. Public parks had been negatively affected in various aspects including landscaping conditions such as planting design within parks, the need for irrigation, declining of green coverages, mass loss of trees, in addition to the physical activities of visitors including active playing of children, walking, running, playing sports, also the psychological comfort and socializing of visitors. In order to investigate the impact of climate change on public parks in Cairo, the authors present a theoretical basis on the previous affected aspects, then observed and analyzed the previous aspects through an analytical approach in three different case studies which are International park, the Child’s park, and Maadi Island in Cairo, Egypt which represent cultural, children, and amusement parks respectively. Our findings provide evidence a highly recorded negative impact on landscaping conditions compared to the other aspects. Physical activities of visitors inside the public parks are from slightly to moderate affected while the psychological comfort of visitors are slightly affected, and socializing is the only aspect that has barely affected. The authors recommend a set of actions in order to mitigate climate change challenges among public parks in Cairo. لتغير المناخ تأثير كبير على المناطق الخضراء الحضرية، والبيئات المحيطة بها. وتأثرت الحدائق العامة سلباً في جوانب مختلفة منها ظروف المسطحات الخضراء مثل تصميم الزراعة داخل الحدائق، والحاجة إلى الري، وانحسار المسطحات الخضراء، وفقدان الأشجار بشكل كبير، بالإضافة إلى الأنشطة البدنية التي يمارسها الزوار بما في ذلك لعب الأطفال النشط، والمشي، الجري وممارسة الرياضة وكذلك الراحة النفسية والتواصل الاجتماعي للزوار. قام المؤلفون بملاحظة وتحليل الجوانب السابقة في ثلاث دراسات حالة مختلفة وهي حديقة الدولية، وحديقة الطفل، وجزيرة المعادي في القاهرة، بمصر والتي تمثل المتنزهات الثقافية، والأطفال، والمتنزهات الترفيهية على التوالي. توفر النتائج التي توصلنا إليها دليلاً على وجود تأثير سلبي على ظروف المسطحات الخضراء مقارنة بالجوانب الأخرى. وتتأثر الأنشطة البدنية للزوار داخل الحدائق العامة بشكل طفيف إلى متوسط، في حين تتأثر الراحة النفسية للزوار بشكل طفيف، ويعتبر التواصل الاجتماعي هو الجانب الوحيد الذي لم يتأثر إلا قليلاً بالتغير المناخي. ويوصي المؤلفون بمجموعة من الإجراءات من أجل التخفيف من تحديات تغير المناخ في الحدائق العامة في القاهرة.

Egypt is interested in providing suitable housing for individuals in a manner befitting the decent life required. For achieving that, it has been providing typical housing projects for citizens. Despite the multiplicity of places in which these projects are carried out, they were not provided by climate considerations in the design. The building envelope has a direct impact on the energy consumed for the cooling and heating. The study aims at examining the following: the impact of the southern wall design as an example for facades impact on the environmental behavior in terms of the design’s ability to provide appropriate shading , the impact of increasing the percentage of shading on the southern wall, and the compatibility of the design according to the environmental recommendations of the Egyptian Energy Code to rationalize energy consumption in residential buildings. The study concluded that the southern facades do not comply with the recommendations of the code, while studying the effect of modifying the facade according to the code and the effect of increasing the percentage of shading. It was concluded that adherence to the recommendations of the Egyptian Energy Code contributes to rationalizing consumption by 16% for cooling works and 24% for heating works with a total of 17% reduction in the total energy required. However, increasing the percentage of shading contributes to reducing the energy needed for cooling when increasing the energy needed for heating, with a total energy saving that is relatively limited according to the percentage of shading on the facade. إهتمت الدولة المصرية في الفترة الأخيرة بتوفير الإسكان المناسب لكافة أفراد الشعب بما يليق بالحياة الكريمة المطلوبة للمواطن، وفي تحقيق ذلك قامت ومازالت توفر المشروعات السكنية النمطية للمواطنين باختلاف طبقاتهم ومستوياتهم المادية، وبالرغم من تعدد أماكن تنفيذ تلك المشروعات إلا أنه لم تحظى بتوفير الإعتبارات المناخية في تصميم الغلاف الخارجي ذو التأثير المباشر على الطاقة المستهلكة لأعمال التبريد والتدفئة اللازمة. وتهدف الدراسة البحثية إلى دراسة تأثير التصميم الحالي للحائط الجنوبي كمثال تطبيقي لعنصر مؤثر من عناصر الغلاف الخارجي على السلوك البيئي للمبنى السكني من حيث قدرة التصميم على توفير الإظلال المناسب مع دراسة تأثير زيادة نسبة الإظلال على الحائط الجنوبي، بالإضافة إلى دراسة توافق تصميم الحائط مع التوصيات البيئية للكود المصري لترشيد إستهلاك الطاقة بالمباني السكنية. حيث خلصت الدراسة إلى عدم توافق الواجهات الجنوبية مع توصيات الكود مع دراسة تأثير تعديل الواجهة طبقا للكود بالإضافة إلى دراسة تأثير زيادة نسبة الإظلال، حيث تم التوصل إلى أن الإلتزام بتوصيات الكود المصري للطاقة يساهم في ترشيد الإستهلاك بنسبة 16% لأعمال التبريد ونسبة 24% لأعمال التدفئة بإجمالي 17% ترشيد في الطاقة الإجمالية المطلوبة لأعمال التبريد والتدفئة مجتمعة، في حين أن زيادة نسبة الإظلال تساهم في تقليل الطاقة اللازمة للتبريد مع زيادتها في الطاقة اللازمة للتدفئة بإجمالي ترشيد للطاقة محدود نسبيا طبقا لنسبة الإظلال على الواجهة.

Abstract Municipalities employ pilot projects, tests, living labs and similar initiatives to explore novel sustainable solutions for urban development. Nevertheless, civil servants often encounter challenges when attempting to scale up tested solutions, both within their own city and to other cities. To address this and increase knowledge on how theory can be utilised by practitioners, this research project has created a supportive tool aimed at facilitating the upscaling process. The development took place in co-creation with civil servants from the three largest cities in Sweden. The paper confirms earlier research on the need of institutional capacity as well as appropriate navigation between institutional logics as pre-requisites for upscaling. More specifically, institutional capacity plays a vital role for securing sufficient resources and mandates for upscaling, extending beyond mere dissemination of results. The supportive tool aims at enhancing this institutional capacity and translating between institutional logics. In addition, the paper contributes to the scientific debate on civil servants’ understanding of different forms of upscaling and, consequently, the need to articulate these differences when facilitating upscaling. The paper emphasizes that upscaling should be conceptualised not as a discrete event but rather an ongoing process starting already when planning a pilot project.

Abstract This paper reviews a large number of scholarly articles in the housing field spanning the last thirty years, from 1993 to 2022 by implementing bibliometric analysis method. We examine scientific outputs, identify influential articles, journals, international collaboration and evolution of research trends. Keywords such as “Housing price,” “Housing policy,” “Affordable housing,” “Homeownership,” “Housing market,” “Urban planning,” and “Neighborhood” have been identified as the most prevalently cited terms during this period. Furthermore, the prominence of terms such as “China,” “Gentrification,” “Public housing,” “Social housing,” “Homelessness,” “Migration,” “Urbanization,” “Energy,” “Inequality,” “Land use,” “Gender,” and “Foreclosure” have grown in importance, pointing to future research trends. The analysis also reveals that articles pertaining to the COVID-19 pandemic predominantly address the comprehensive effects of the virus on aspects of mental and physical health, consumer behavior, and economic and societal challenges.

Abstract In this paper, I advocate for a radical expansion of computational urban science to encompass a multidisciplinary, human-centered approach, addressing the inadequacies of traditional methodologies in capturing the complexities of urban life. Building on insights from Jane M. Jacobs and others, I argue that integrating computational tools with disciplines like sociology, anthropology, and urban planning can significantly enhance our understanding and management of urban environments. This integration facilitates a deeper analysis of cultural phenomena, improves urban policy design, and promotes more sustainable, inclusive urban development. By embracing qualitative research methods—such as ethnography and participatory observations—alongside computational analysis, I highlight the importance of capturing the nuanced social fabrics and subjective experiences that define urban areas. I also stress the necessity of including community stakeholders in the research process to ensure that urban science not only analyzes but also improves the lived experiences of urban populations. Furthermore, I underscore the need for ethical governance and the mitigation of biases inherent in computational tools, proposing rigorous model auditing and the inclusion of diverse perspectives in model development. Overall, this work champions a holistic approach to urban science, aiming to make cities smarter, more equitable, and responsive to their residents’ needs.

Abstract This study presents the construction of an urban underground sensing system using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology, which utilizes the existing optical fiber infrastructure around urban roads for communication. To address the challenges posed by the complexity and variability of DAS data in infrastructure monitoring environments such as urban roads, as well as the difficulty and poor effectiveness of raw data visualization, a novel method for visualizing DAS data is proposed. This method involves preprocessing the data through wavelet threshold denoising, combining it with the root-mean-square (RMS) energy index to generate a visualization, and applying the dynamic threshold method to remove and suppress abnormal data indicators. Finally, this paper tested the visualization performance to assess the effectiveness of the proposed method in improving urban road safety management. The study focused on three typical urban road safety risk events: vehicle driving, construction, and road subsurface cavity incidents. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the data visualization method, showing improved visualization of vehicle trajectory directions and numbers, construction segment behaviors, and approximate road subsurface cavity locations in the time domain compared to the original data.

Abstract The Leipzig Charter highlights the need for integrated, place-based participatory governance approaches to achieve more sustainable and just urban futures. In this article, we provide a synthesis of our transdisciplinary analysis of ten EU projects which were selected from over 100 EU-funded urban sustainability and justice projects. Through analysing these cases according to the question of ‘How can city makers design governance processes for just and sustainable outcomes?’, we identify six Enabling Governance Arrangements which are considered of high relevance to the integration of urban sustainability and justice through both municipality and community-led initiatives. Each Enabling Governance Arrangement was not only observed at play in multiple initiatives but was also further consolidated and confirmed in dedicated workshops with over 60 city makers of different backgrounds. This highlights their potential to stir place-specific debates around the governance of sustainable and just cities. Overall, we provide empirically grounded, actionable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers on how to achieve integrated urban sustainability and justice through Enabling Governance Arrangements.

Past earthquakes have shown that cracking affects post-earthquake functionality and accounted for huge repair costs for reinforced concrete (RC) wall buildings, even though the code-compliant seismic design prevents collapse. Engineers should know the maximum residual flexural crack width and volume of repair material needed for the flexural cracks to determine the damage degree and the repair cost. This paper presents the experimental campaign on four RC slender walls that investigated the effect of confining reinforcement and thickness of the wall on flexural crack parameters under quasi-static reversed cyclic loading. The width of all flexural cracks was measured when reaching each cycle peak drift and when unloading to zero lateral loads. Crack widths at peak and residual states increased with increasing peak drift. Based on the experimental observations, it was found that the maximum residual crack width is obtained as a simple function of the extreme tension fiber elongation of the wall tensile fiber within ±30% error. In addition, this paper outlines methods to calculate the volume of repair material for flexural cracks from the extreme tension fiber elongation of the wall. With the fundamental rules found from the experiment in this paper, it will become possible to obtain the maximum crack width and the volume of repair material from simple numerical analysis tools such as a multi-spring line element model.

Probabilistic seismic performance assessment method for buildings offers a valuable approach to simulate the broader regional impacts: economic losses, downtime, and casualties. A crucial aspect of this process entails accounting for the spatial correlation of building performances, aiming for an accurate estimation of the probability of extreme regional losses, such as the simultaneous collapse of buildings with similar structural characteristics. In this study, a correlation model based on a Gaussian random field is employed, and several key challenges associated with its application are addressed. In addition, efficiency of five different methods of selecting station records from the same earthquake scenario is compared. The minimum number of earthquake records necessary to achieve a stable correlation result is determined. Additionally, spatial correlations derived from different history earthquake events are compared. By addressing these critical issues, this research contributes to refining the reliability of probabilistic methods for regional resilience assessment.

Examining the narrative of rural development, this paper investigates to what extent stories, language or images form consolidated images of a region and how these assist or inhibit regional development internally and externally. Thematically, the discussion incorporates questions of regional development concerning the security of livelihood, discrepancies in living conditions, demographic shifts, outward migration, and condition of infrastructure. The backdrop of this study predominantly consists of case studies in Austrian LEADER regions which were supported through the current structural fund period. The aim was to examine “felt disadvantage” in peripheral rural regions. Upon reflection, this was contextualized to framing. In accordance with (anticipated) regional development the future questions to be answered are to what extent „Deep Frames“ (e.g. “Our situation is bad!”) are doubly counterproductive in regard to both development capacity of a region and also negotiation tools when working with external partners (e.g. fiscal equalization negotiations with state and nation) who are growing to question the subjective interior portrayal more and more.

The article addresses the perception of the concept of sustainability by the participants of urban conflicts that took place in Warsaw in 2015-2019. In the presented article, the research fields for urban conflicts and sustainable development intersect. The aim is to show how the concept of sustainability influences the expectations, attitudes, behaviour and decisions of participants in urban conflicts and, conversely, the relevance of urban conflicts for the implementation of the concept of sustainable urban development. The article is based on material from 96 IDIs with people (residents, city officials, local activists, researchers and media representatives) who were involved in selected conflicts around the functioning of urban space. The findings relate to the public understanding of the concept of sustainability, its relationship to the motivation to participate in urban conflicts, the role of conflicts in setting development directions and the identification and perception of the role of key stakeholders. I demonstrate that: (1) different understandings of what sustainable development is are one of the causes of urban conflicts; (2) the concept of sustainable development contains an agenda of issues around which the 'right to the city' is crystallised, which manifests itself in behavioural form in, among other things, the formula of participation in urban conflicts. The conclusions of the article can support education for urban sustainability and also urban policies to strengthen dialogue and governance.

Within the framework of this paper, we proposed to analyze the evolution of demand for this destination during the restrictions generated by COVID 19, but also the interest of investors in this area. The Danube Delta represented the ideal destination of 2020, in a pandemic context, and continued to represent it in 2021. In this sense, the objectives of the research are represented by the analysis of the main indicators of sustainable tourism development, for which there are statistical data at the territorial level; they are recommended to be the most important for shaping the metamorphosed tourism paradigm. The purpose of the research carried out is to propose some measures/solutions to protect the ecosystem of the Danube Delta Biosphere, so that they can be implemented by the state institutions and even by the inhabitants of the local communities, in order to ensure the sustainability of the Danube Delta tourist destination in the future. The methodology for the analysis of the modeling the metamorphosed paradigm sustainable tourism post-COVID-19 in the Danube Delta was implemented through three successive stages: (1) the analysis of the main theoretical elements regarding sustainable tourism in the Danube Delta, (2) the evaluation of the main indicators proposed for shaping the metamorphosed paradigm of tourism and (3) calculating the average length of stay.

The paper analyses the governance models of six peri-urban green infrastructures (GIs) in Europe to reflect on GIs as critical loci to operationalize the sometimes naïve and rhetorical aim of sustainable development. In the study, the case of “Corona Verde”, the green belt around the City of Turin (Italy), is compared with other peri-urban GIs to discuss the potential of territorial governance for the construction of objective-led deliberative arenas as promoted by the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. As a result, the hypothesis that peri-urban GIs are the most appropriate territorial systems to organise and manage a viable system of sustainability objectives is discussed and reframed. Although limited in scope and data, original traits of this study are the development of a territorial benchmarking comparing governance models rather than territories and the operationalisation of the governance for sustainability in terms of a continuous negotiation between the socio-ecological actors of a given territorial system.

El Método híbrido fuerza-desplazamiento (HFD por sus siglas en inglés), combina las ventajas de ambos diseños sísmicos, aplicando el enfoque de diseño basado en desempeño, comenzando con un diseño por deformación, utilizando dichas variables de entrada en el mismo, en el cual se controlan los valores de derivas máximas de entrepiso y desplazamientos máximos de techo que sobrepasan el límite elástico de las secciones, empleando para esto tres niveles de desempeño. Cada uno de estos niveles se encuentran representados mediante un espectro elástico de aceleraciones y otro espectro elástico de desplazamientos, con los cuales llevar a cabo el diseño sísmico por fuerzas, donde el procedimiento implica modificar el espectro, escalando sus ordenadas y obteniendo así una representación de los tres niveles de desempeño. Se obtienen así las máximas respuestas de techo para cada nivel de desempeño y con estos se calculan los respectivos factores de reducción o de comportamiento. Para ilustrar la aplicación del Método, se estudió un edificio de 7 pisos, estructurado en marcos de acero resistentes a momento, ubicado en una zona de alta demanda sísmica, como lo es Valparaíso, Chile. El procedimiento se valida aplicando análisis dinámico no lineal de historia tiempo empleando registros de terremotos fuertes ocurridos en la zona de subducción

Este estudio presenta una metodología cuantitativa para evaluar el impacto negativo de los Riesgos Externos en la productividad de las obras civiles e industriales en el país, considerando la naturaleza incierta de estos factores. La metodología identifica, analiza y evalúa diversos riesgos a nivel internacional, nacional, regional y local, estimando su probabilidad de ocurrencia y su potencial impacto en la productividad de los proyectos. Se proponen formulaciones matemáticas para calcular la eficiencia, el progreso y los tiempos de ejecución, tomando como base datos inciertos, la máxima velocidad de del consumo laboral y las horas-hombre perdidas asociadas a los riesgos. Se plantea la aplicación en la gestión de proyectos, permitiendo a la gerencia anticipar escenarios futuros, optimizar la asignación de recursos y mejorar la comunicación con las partes interesadas. La metodología aquí presentada también tiene como objetivo, sentar las bases para una normativa nacional, que considere el impacto de estos riesgos y sus costos, facilitando el acuerdo entre cliente y contratista

El concreto es el componente con mayor uso en el sector de la construcción, sin embargo, su exposición al medio ambiente suele influir en su comportamiento, por lo cual, los expertos investigan continuamente para asegurarse de que cumpla o satisfaga las especificaciones para las que fue creado. Por ello, el principal objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar de qué manera contribuye el vidrio reciclado en las propiedades mecánicas del concreto autocompactante y su capacidad de uso en la ciudad de Ayacucho, Perú. Se trabajó en la experimentación con una muestra estándar y otras donde se remplazó parcialmente el 7,5%, 15%, 22,5% y 30% de agregado fino por vidrio reciclado. Del presente estudio, se obtuvo como resultados que la incorporación del vidrio incrementó la resistencia a compresión en un 13,01%, la resistencia a tracción en un 17,75%, la resistencia a flexión mejoró en un 27,87% y la resistencia a la durabilidad al sulfato de magnesio que deberá ser menor al 15%, cumple en las 3 adiciones, siendo el concreto con la sustitución del 30% de arena gruesa por VR el que no cumple con dicho parámetro. Finalmente mencionar que, respecto al concreto Patrón, se incrementa la posibilidad de que su capacidad de uso sea mayor debido a las mejoras significativas y su resistencia a la intemperie por durabilidad

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la influencia del polvo y arena de sílice en la mezcla de concreto para la elaboración de bloques. Se fabricaron 14 bloques con 20% de arena de sílice en sustitución del agregado natural y adición de 15% de polvo de sílice, además de 14 bloques con mezcla Patrón; a cada muestra se le realizaron ensayos preestablecidos en la Norma COVENIN 42-82 a los 28 y 90 días para evaluar sus propiedades físicas y mecánicas. Una de las propiedades físicas evaluadas fue la estabilidad dimensional, los resultados fueron similares para ambas muestras, ya que se elaboraron en las mismas condiciones y la sílice no afectó sus dimensiones. La otra propiedad física es la capacidad de absorción de los bloques, lo que dio resultados similares a los 28 días entre las dos muestras y a los 90 días registrando aumento en la muestra Patrón con un promedio de 8,54% y disminución en la de sílice con promedio de 7,05%, todas cumpliendo con en el rango establecido por la Norma Venezolana COVENIN 42-82. La propiedad mecánica evaluada fue resistencia a compresión, a los 28 días la muestra Patrón no alcanzo la resistencia mínima aceptada mientras la muestra con sílice si alcanzo dicho estándar, y a los 90 días la muestra Patrón mantuvo la resistencia registrada mientras que la muestra con sílice aumento sus valores.

El proceso constructivo es fundamental en la construcción de obras civiles, la visión y planificación debe estar definida de manera correcta antes de realizar una obra estructural en campo, mucho más si son obras que requieren de un proceso más detallado como lo son las obras de tipo esencial. En el presente artículo se realizó un análisis estructural del proceso constructivo que conlleva una estructura de carácter esencial, la misma tiene como características: 6 niveles, luces de 9 m y una altura de entrepiso de 4,50 m, de acuerdo con éstas se realizó una modelación del proceso constructivo aplicando un procedimiento de cimbrado, clareado y descimbrado. Con la ayuda de paquetes computacionales como el ETABS, se ha realizado modelaciones para el análisis de la estructura frente a los elementos auxiliares que existen en ella en este caso los puntales, dando como resultado el comportamiento de la estructura de acuerdo con los pasos de carga utilizados en el programa, así, obteniendo que las cargas del Modelo 2 son de 3-6 veces mayores que el Modelo 1. Así como el valor más crítico de 135,51 kN obtenido en el paso de carga N°2 del Modelo 2

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito diseñar un distrito tecnológico de innovación inteligente para las zonas industriales de la ciudad de Barquisimeto, Venezuela. Para sustentar la información se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica que conformó las bases teóricas para el diseño, y el resultado obtenido en investigación previa para determinar el crecimiento urbano y económico que se puede ver fortalecido por los distritos tecnológicos de innovación inteligente, y su capacidad de clúster izar el espacio tomando como fundamento el conocimiento y el talento. En el proceso de diseño se consideraron las características urbanas del área de estudio, usos del suelo, accesibilidad vial, infraestructura de servicios, espacios vacíos, grandes universidades, y potencialidades para centros atractores de innovación. Posteriormente se identificaron las áreas de clusterización del espacio, ejes de diseño o planificación y líneas de intervención para desarrollar la propuesta de diseño urbano caracterizada por la conformación de cuatro clústeres de tecnología conectados por brokers universitarios que atraen y aglomeran empresas, startup o pymes que generan conocimiento e innovación por medio de la compactación de las actividades urbanas en el distrito

This study introduces an advanced community-level resilience analysis methodology integrating 3D fragility surfaces for combined successive earthquake-tsunami hazard and analysis. The methodology facilitates comprehensive evaluations of spatial damage, economic loss, and risk under multi-hazard conditions. This study compares earthquake-only analysis results to the successive earthquake-tsunami analysis at the community level to reveal – and quantify - significant disparities in damage and loss estimations between the analyses, emphasizing the need to consider both hazards in community planning even at lower seismic intensities. Critical assessment of the FEMA combinational rule demonstrates its limitations in accurately predicting losses and damage patterns at higher hazard intensities, highlighting the necessity for refined models that accurately account for hazard interactions. This research advances multi-hazard community-level resilience analysis by offering a robust framework for earthquake and tsunami assessment, underscoring the need for integration of detailed multi-hazard analyses into resilience planning. Finally, it suggests future directions for enhancing framework applicability across diverse community settings and structural types, aiming to improve community resilience.

Records of wave-induced damage on coastal bridges during natural hazards have been well documented over the past two decades. It is of utmost importance to decipher the loading mechanism and enhance the resilience of coastal bridges during extreme wave-inducing events. Quantification of vulnerability of these structures is an essential step in designing a resilient bridge system. Recently, considerable efforts have been made to study the force applied and the response of coastal bridge systems during extreme wave loading conditions. Although remarkable progress can be found in the quantification of load and response of coastal superstructures, very few studies assessed coastal bridge resiliency against extreme wave-induced loads. This paper adopts a simplified and practical technique to analyze and assess the resilience of coastal bridges exposed to extreme waves. Component-level and system-level fragility analyses form the basis of the resiliency analysis where the recovery functions are adopted based on the damage levels. It is shown that wave period has the highest contribution to the variation of bridge resiliency. Moreover, this study presents the uncertainty quantification in resiliency variation due to changes in wave load intensity. Results show that the bridge resiliency becomes more uncertain as the intensity of wave parameters increases. Finally, possible restoration strategies based on the desired resilience level and the attitude of decision-makers are also discussed.

The multi-disciplinary data and information available at a community level comprise the foundation of natural hazard resilience modeling. These data enable and inform mitigation and recovery planning decisions prior to and following damaging events such as earthquakes. This paper presents a multi-disciplinary seismic resilience modeling methodology to assess the vulnerability of the built environment and economic systems. This methodology can assist decision-makers with developing effective mitigation policies to improve the seismic resilience of communities. Two complementary modeling strategies are designed to examine the impacts of scenario earthquakes from a combined engineering and economic perspective. The engineering model is developed using a probabilistic fragility-based modeling approach and is analyzed using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations subject to seismic multi-hazard, including simulated ground shaking and resulting liquefaction of the soil, to quantify the physical damage to buildings and electric power substations (EPS). The outcome of the analysis is subsequently used as input to repair and recovery models to quantify repair cost and recovery time metrics for buildings and as input to functionality models to estimate the functionality of individual buildings and substations by accounting for their interdependency. The economic model consists of a spatial computable general equilibrium (SCGE) model that aggregates commercial buildings into sectors for retail, manufacturing, services, etc., and aggregates residential buildings into a wide range of household groups. The SCGE model employs building functionality estimates to quantify the economic losses. The outcomes of this integrated modeling consist of engineering and economic impact metrics, which are used to investigate mitigation actions to help inform a community on approaches to achieve its resilience goals. An illustrative case study of Salt Lake County (SLC), Utah, developed through an extensive collaborative partnership and engagement with SLC officials, is presented. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methodology in quantifying the loss and functional recovery of infrastructure systems, the impacts on capital stock, employment, and household income and the effect of various mitigation strategies in reducing the losses and functional recovery time subject to earthquakes with varying intensities.

Amidst the global discourse on the provision of low-income housing, there has been a growth in studies to assess the governance issues related to the sustainability of housing delivery. Despite housing policy and legislative frameworks existing in developing countries, several governance issues have limited the sustainability of housing delivery mechanisms. Therefore, this study aims to unpack housing delivery approaches through the lens of governance. Adopting an exploratory approach, this study seeks to understand strategic and operational approaches used by government institutions to promote collaborative strategies in the planning and delivery of housing projects. Empirical data is used to understand mechanisms, processes and systems involved in the planning and delivery of low-income housing projects, using the Gauteng City Region as an area of study. The findings reveal there is that there is a limited understanding of the concept of governance within public sector institutions. Additionally, the institutional arrangements of the three spheres of government (national, provincial and local) have an impact in the delivery processes of low-income housing projects. A shift is important in the understanding and application of governance principles in housing policy and programme implementation to realise the value of governance. This study concludes with implications for policy and academics highlighting the role of stakeholder participation, transparency, and accountability.

The right to inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable suburbs is an aim of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11, with a particular focus on addressing race, disability, class, gender and age inequality and injustice by the year 2030. Despite supranational interest in creating inclusive sustainable cities and communities, we still know little about what this means for disabled people11 The language of “disabled people” is used in this article in line with social and critical models of disability, however, we also acknowledge and respect that “person-first” language, which uses the phrasing “a person with – a condition or diagnosis,” is also preferred by some people in the disability community.. In this article, we address this gap ––through participatory qualitative research study – Planning Inclusive Communities, involving 97 people (9-92 years of age) of which over 50% identified as disabled people from two Australian regions - Tasmania and Queensland. The research revealed five core interrelated elements - “The Makings of Inclusive Communities” .These five elements reinforce the importance of interconnected social, economic, and built environment structures and systems in facilitating inclusion, and that inclusion happens in place and movement through everyday experiences. The empirical findings offer important new insights that help expand the inclusive cities and communities’ discourse through the voices of disabled and non-disabled people, around issues of equity, access, and inclusion. Furthermore, the research helps lay the foundations to guide future urban policy and research on planning inclusive cities and communities from the position of disability justice and human diversity.

Participation is often employed by authorities as a unilateral tool for gathering data from citizens, informing them about processes, and obtaining legitimacy and accountability, rather than truly empowering or collaborating with citizens. However, many scholars emphasize the vital role of civic consciousness and collective intelligence (CI) in addressing chronic issues and global crises related to shared interests and values. To achieve this with effective participatory design and planning (PD&P) processes, it's essential to understand citizens' perspectives rather than imposing ‘one-size-fits-all’ approaches.We explored how citizens evaluate existing PD&P mechanisms in three capital cities: Ankara, Bogota, and Madrid, representing developed, developing, and least-developed countries. Through collective experiments using conjoint analysis, we conducted citizen interviews based on the CI genome consisting of key dimensions and attributes of PD&P for public spaces. Crowdsourcing applications were integrated to enhance field studies. Additionally, chord diagrams and scatter charts visually depict interrelations among the grouped and ranked genome attributes. Our analysis explores variations and commonalities across cities and includes reflections from students.The results show that PD&P is perceived as significantly important, while top-down political decisions are perceived as dissatisfactory by most respondents. Notably, Madrid stands out positively in certain dimensions, including the willingness for active participation, multi-functionality as a capital, and diversity of initiatives. In addition, the political culture, respondents' education, age, and attachment to the city have significant influences on preferred methods, prioritized issues, and attitudes. Despite its limitations, conjoint analysis holds promise as a method to understand citizens' demands and design robust PD&P settings for deeper and broader involvement.

While the impact of the house purchase restriction (HPR) policy on the housing market in China has been deeply examined, there is still little known about how the housing market varies when such policy is abandoned. To fill this gap, we first theoretically propose two hypotheses concerning the relationship between abandoning HPR policy and housing price and transaction based on the housing literature. We then examine the hypotheses by taking Jinan, China as empirical case that offer an excellent policy setting of some districts having discarded the policy while the other remains. The results derived from Synthetic Control Method (SCM) showed that the cancellation of the HPR policy plays a vital role in increasing the transaction volume, but it fails to promote house prices. The findings remain reliable after a series of placebo and robustness tests. This article adds new insight to the debate on efficacy of government intervention via more granular quantitative data, and further contributes to policy implications regarding housing market development.

The success of river chief system is spurring more types of chiefs in Chinese cities. This trend of chiefdomization can be viewed as a case of institutional borrowing: institutions in one field borrowing power from those in another field. In an authoritarian country, institutional borrowing often takes the form of imposing bureaucracy on natural resources and public goods, a change from open institutions to public institutions. It is argued that conditions for successful change include a collective “bad” being produced and severe mismatch between its consumer and producer. Several characteristics of the city make the institutional change difficult: people's high mobility, little mismatch between consumer and producer, difficulty in controlling open access as well as no physical collective good being produced. The case of chiefdomization in China illustrates the above analyses. Despite all the problems of chiefdomization, the trend may continue as long as bureaucracy remains a powerful institution in the country.

Critical infrastructure systems (CISs) play a key role in the socio-economic activity of a society, but are exposed to an array of disruptive events that can greatly impact their function and performance. Therefore, understanding the underlying behaviors of CISs and their response to perturbations is needed to better prepare for, and mitigate the impact of, future disruptions. Resilience is one characteristic of CISs that influences the extent and severity of the impact induced by extreme events. Resilience is often dissected into four dimensions: robustness, redundancy, resourcefulness, and rapidity, known as the “4Rs”. This study proposes a framework to assess the resilience of an infrastructure network in terms of these four dimensions under optimal resource allocation strategies and incorporates interdependencies between different CISs, with resilience considered as a stochastic variable. The proposed framework combines an agent-based infrastructure interdependency model, advanced optimization algorithms, Bayesian network techniques, and Monte Carlo simulation to assess the resilience of an infrastructure network. The applicability and flexibility of the proposed framework is demonstrated with a case study using a network of CISs in Austin, Texas, where the resilience of the network is assessed and a “what-if” analysis is performed.

As the world faces unprecedented social, economic, and environmental issues, there is a greater emphasis on participation in community-driven solutions to foster sustainable and inclusive development. More local urban planning studies need to demonstrate the nexus between peoples’ emotional bond with a place, place attachment, and participation in community-driven development initiatives. This article aims to add to the body of knowledge in the broad field of environmental design, where the concept of place attachment influences the design of urban spaces. The article explores the nexus between place attachment and community participation in community-driven programmes in Gauteng province, South Africa. This article adopts a quantitative approach and uses the Gauteng City-Region Observatory’s Quality of Life (QoL) survey data. The study uses K-means clustering and ordered logistic regression models as the primary data-analysis methods. Four social clusters were identified based on place attachment, participation in community initiatives was evaluated, and a combined participation index was calculated. The identified clusters, namely the discontented advocates, neighbourhood self-doubters, potential community catalysts from afar or non-local influencers and potential neighbourhood champions had different levels of participation in community-driven initiatives. Cluster ‘Discontented advocates’ is more likely to participate in community development programmes than the cluster ‘Neighbourhood self-doubters’. The developed combined participation index shows that nearly half (45.5%) of the residents in Gauteng province have never participated in community-driven development initiatives. The study recommends that various stakeholders should engage in inclusive and robust participatory planning procedures, and experiment with the implementation of universal design features that ensure equitable access to urban amenities, inclusion, and cultural sensitivity. These practical measures foster a sense of identity, place dependence, and social bonding, which are the important dimensions of place attachment that positively influence community-driven development and meet the overall goals of social justice and societal well-being.

Urban renewal to revitalise urban realms within cities should aim to reinvigorate landscape identity, in order to maintain the city’s uniqueness and distinctiveness. The concern in urban renewal projects is how to sustain place identity, due to changes. In this study, urban landscape identity is the residents’ opinions and perceptions of the special features in terms of the physical, meaning, and function aspects that help them differentiate between places. This article postulates that effective public participation is important in identifying, promoting, and maintaining a city’s landscape identity in urban renewal projects. The article aims to propose appropriate strategies to develop and preserve urban landscape identity, with emphasis on public participation. At the time of the study, there were ongoing and completed urban renewal projects within Kisumu City, Kenya. A qualitative approach was adopted through interviews with four officials from County Government as key informants, four professionals as experts, and field investigation through mapping and photography. Archival document analysis was carried out based on documents from County Government. The study reveals that Lake Victoria and its scenery, parks, sociocultural activities at public parks, local foods, social interaction at public Central Square, and government buildings contributed to the city’s urban landscape identity. The study concludes that, in order to preserve landscape identity, it should be acknowledged in legislations and policies that guide urban renewal and developments, and in public participation processes. The study proposes amendments to the existing planning regulatory controls to guide the preservation of landscape identity in Kisumu. The study reveals concern for the preservation of urban landscape identity within urban renewal projects in the postcolonial era in the Global South.

While a significant body of academic work has been compiled on the transformation of planning law since the end of apartheid, far less has been produced on the perceptions of practising planners of these new laws, and their impacts on the planning profession’s stated objective of contributing to the creation of quality human settlements. This article seeks to assist in filling this gap in the field by reporting on a study into the perceptions of practising planners in the Western Cape in this regard. The study involves research into the views of professional planners on planning laws applied during and post-apartheid and the impact of these laws on human settlement planning and development. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 25 professional planners employed in the public and private sectors. The data sample, limited to the Western Cape province, was regarded as a starting point for further research on the perception of planners in these regards in the remaining eight provinces in the country. The key findings of this study are that planners by and large welcome the new planning legislation and view it as an improvement on the old. The challenges being experienced are mainly related to the institutional and financial landscape in which the law plays out rather than the law itself, notably lengthy planning processes; a focus on meeting housing-delivery targets at the cost of other equally important settlement development objectives; capacity, and budget constraints.