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1. A Masked Semi-Supervised Learning Approach for Otago Micro Labels Recognition

Author

Shang, Meng, Dedeyne, Lenore, Dupont, Jolan, Vercauteren, Laura, Amini, Nadjia, Lapauw, Laurence, Gielen, Evelien, Verschueren, Sabine, Varon, Carolina, De Raedt, Walter, and Vanrumste, Bart

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

The Otago Exercise Program (OEP) serves as a vital rehabilitation initiative for older adults, aiming to enhance their strength and balance, and consequently prevent falls. While Human Activity Recognition (HAR) systems have been widely employed in recognizing the activities of individuals, existing systems focus on the duration of macro activities (i.e. a sequence of repetitions of the same exercise), neglecting the ability to discern micro activities (i.e. the individual repetitions of the exercises), in the case of OEP. This study presents a novel semi-supervised machine learning approach aimed at bridging this gap in recognizing the micro activities of OEP. To manage the limited dataset size, our model utilizes a Transformer encoder for feature extraction, subsequently classified by a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN). Simultaneously, the Transformer encoder is employed for masked unsupervised learning to reconstruct input signals. Results indicate that the masked unsupervised learning task enhances the performance of the supervised learning (classification task), as evidenced by f1-scores surpassing the clinically applicable threshold of 0.8. From the micro activities, two clinically relevant outcomes emerge: counting the number of repetitions of each exercise and calculating the velocity during chair rising. These outcomes enable the automatic monitoring of exercise intensity and difficulty in the daily lives of older adults.

Published
2024

2. DS-MS-TCN: Otago Exercises Recognition with a Dual-Scale Multi-Stage Temporal Convolutional Network

Author

Shang, Meng, Dedeyne, Lenore, Dupont, Jolan, Vercauteren, Laura, Amini, Nadjia, Lapauw, Laurence, Gielen, Evelien, Verschueren, Sabine, Varon, Carolina, De Raedt, Walter, and Vanrumste, Bart

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

The Otago Exercise Program (OEP) represents a crucial rehabilitation initiative tailored for older adults, aimed at enhancing balance and strength. Despite previous efforts utilizing wearable sensors for OEP recognition, existing studies have exhibited limitations in terms of accuracy and robustness. This study addresses these limitations by employing a single waist-mounted Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) to recognize OEP exercises among community-dwelling older adults in their daily lives. A cohort of 36 older adults participated in laboratory settings, supplemented by an additional 7 older adults recruited for at-home assessments. The study proposes a Dual-Scale Multi-Stage Temporal Convolutional Network (DS-MS-TCN) designed for two-level sequence-to-sequence classification, incorporating them in one loss function. In the first stage, the model focuses on recognizing each repetition of the exercises (micro labels). Subsequent stages extend the recognition to encompass the complete range of exercises (macro labels). The DS-MS-TCN model surpasses existing state-of-the-art deep learning models, achieving f1-scores exceeding 80% and Intersection over Union (IoU) f1-scores surpassing 60% for all four exercises evaluated. Notably, the model outperforms the prior study utilizing the sliding window technique, eliminating the need for post-processing stages and window size tuning. To our knowledge, we are the first to present a novel perspective on enhancing Human Activity Recognition (HAR) systems through the recognition of each repetition of activities.

Published
2024

4. Otago Exercises Monitoring for Older Adults by a Single IMU and Hierarchical Machine Learning Models

Author

Shang, Meng, Dedeyne, Lenore, Dupont, Jolan, Vercauteren, Laura, Amini, Nadjia, Lapauw, Laurence, Gielen, Evelien, Verschueren, Sabine, Varon, Carolina, De Raedt, Walter, and Vanrumste, Bart

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Otago Exercise Program (OEP) is a rehabilitation program for older adults to improve frailty, sarcopenia, and balance. Accurate monitoring of patient involvement in OEP is challenging, as self-reports (diaries) are often unreliable. With the development of wearable sensors, Human Activity Recognition (HAR) systems using wearable sensors have revolutionized healthcare. However, their usage for OEP still shows limited performance. The objective of this study is to build an unobtrusive and accurate system to monitor OEP for older adults. Data was collected from older adults wearing a single waist-mounted Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Two datasets were collected, one in a laboratory setting, and one at the homes of the patients. A hierarchical system is proposed with two stages: 1) using a deep learning model to recognize whether the patients are performing OEP or activities of daily life (ADLs) using a 10-minute sliding window; 2) based on stage 1, using a 6-second sliding window to recognize the OEP sub-classes performed. The results showed that in stage 1, OEP could be recognized with window-wise f1-scores over 0.95 and Intersection-over-Union (IoU) f1-scores over 0.85 for both datasets. In stage 2, for the home scenario, four activities could be recognized with f1-scores over 0.8: ankle plantarflexors, abdominal muscles, knee bends, and sit-to-stand. The results showed the potential of monitoring the compliance of OEP using a single IMU in daily life. Also, some OEP sub-classes are possible to be recognized for further analysis., Comment: 10 pages

Published
2023
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18. When and How to Evaluate Vitamin D Status? A Viewpoint from the Belgian Bone Club.

Author

Lapauw, Bruno, Laurent, Michaël R., Rozenberg, Serge, Body, Jean-Jacques, Bruyère, Olivier, Gielen, Evelien, Goemaere, Stefan, Iconaru, Laura, and Cavalier, Etienne

Abstract

Low serum vitamin D levels have been associated with a variety of health conditions which has led the medical community but also the general population to evaluate vitamin D status quite liberally. Nevertheless, there remain questions about the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of such a broad and untargeted approach. This review therefore aims to summarize the current evidence and recommendations on when and how to evaluate vitamin D status in human health and disease. For the general population, most guidelines do not recommend universal screening but suggest a targeted approach in populations at risk. Also, some guidelines do not even recommend evaluating vitamin D status when vitamin D substitution is indicated anyway, such as in children or patients receiving anti-osteoporosis drugs. In those guidelines that recommend the screening of vitamin D status, serum 25(OH)D levels are universally proposed as the preferred screening tool. However, little attention is given to analytical considerations and almost no guidelines discuss the timing and frequency of screening. Finally, there is the known variability in diagnostic thresholds for defining vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency. Overall, the existing guidelines on the evaluation of vitamin D status differ broadly in screening strategy and screening implementation, and none of these guidelines discusses alternative screening modes, for instance, the vitamin metabolic ratio. Efforts to harmonize these different guidelines are needed to enhance their efficacy and cost-effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Update on the ESCEO recommendation for the conduct of clinical trials for drugs aiming at the treatment of sarcopenia in older adults

Author

Reginster, Jean-Yves, Beaudart, Charlotte, Al-Daghri, Nasser, Avouac, Bernard, Bauer, Jürgen, Bere, Nathalie, Bruyère, Olivier, Cerreta, Francesca, Cesari, Matteo, Rosa, Mario Miguel, Cooper, Cyrus, Cruz Jentoft, Alfonso J., Dennison, Elaine, Geerinck, Anton, Gielen, Evelien, Landi, Francesco, Laslop, Andrea, Maggi, Stefania, Prieto Yerro, María Concepción, Rizzoli, René, Sundseth, Hildrun, Sieber, Cornel, Trombetti, Andrea, Vellas, Bruno, Veronese, Nicola, Visser, Marjolein, Vlaskovska, Mila, and Fielding, Roger A.

Published
2021
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23. Local radiographic risk factors for MRONJ in osteoporotic patients undergoing tooth extraction.

Author

Moreno‐Rabié, Catalina, Gaêta‐Araujo, Hugo, Ferreira‐Leite, André, Coucke, Wim, Gielen, Evelien, Van den Wyngaert, Tim, and Jacobs, Reinhilde

Subjects
JAW diseases, DIPHOSPHONATES, FISHER exact test, RETROSPECTIVE studies, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, LONGITUDINAL method, PRE-tests & post-tests, CASE-control method, OSTEOPOROSIS, DENTAL extraction, COMPARATIVE studies, OSTEONECROSIS, DISEASE complications
Abstract

Objective: To identify local radiographic risk factors for Medication‐Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ) in osteoporotic patients treated with antiresorptive drugs (ARD) and undergoing tooth extraction. Material and Methods: Patients were included in this retrospective, longitudinal, case‐control study, if having at least one administration of ARD, underwent tooth extraction(s), and had pre‐ and post‐operative panoramic radiographs. Additionally, a matched control group was selected. Three calibrated, blinded, and independent observers assessed each tooth extraction site. Statistical analysis compared control against study group, and within the latter, sites MRONJ+ and MRONJ−. Results: In total, 120 patients (99 females/21 males) with 354 tooth extractions were included, from which nine patients (7.5%) and eleven tooth extraction sites (3.1%) developed MRONJ. When comparing control with study group, the latter showed significantly more thickened lamina dura, persistence of the alveolar socket, heterogeneous bone patterns, and sequestrum formation. In the study group, MRONJ developed significantly more in males (19%, p = 0.049), smokers (25%, p = 0.008), in the mandible (82%, p = 0.027), when identifying a radiolucent or sclerotic trabecular pattern (p = 0.004) or when extracting teeth with furcation involvement (p < 0.001), root remnants (p = 0.017), or unrestored caries lesions (p = 0.005). Conclusions: Tooth extraction sites showing radiographic signs of chronic dental infection are prone to MRONJ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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25. List of contributors

Author

Abrahamsen, Bo, primary, Adler, Robert A., additional, Ajjour, Sara, additional, Alemi, Mohammad Mehdi, additional, Anderson, Dennis E., additional, Arnett, Timothy R., additional, Assaad, Mariam A., additional, Ballane, Ghada T., additional, Baron, Roland, additional, Bassett, J.H. Duncan, additional, Bauer, Douglas C., additional, Bauman, William A., additional, Beavers, Kristen M., additional, Berry, Sarah D., additional, Bilezikian, John P., additional, Biver, Emmanuel, additional, Bliuc, Dana, additional, Bonewald, Lynda F., additional, Boskey, Adele L., additional, Bouxsein, Mary L., additional, Bravenboer, Nathalie, additional, Brown, Todd T., additional, Bukata, Susan V., additional, Burkhart, Katelyn, additional, Canalis, Ernesto, additional, Cardozo, Christopher, additional, Castillo, Alesha B., additional, Cauley, Jane A., additional, Center, Jacqueline R., additional, Chen, Julia C., additional, Civitelli, Roberto, additional, Cohen, Adi, additional, Cosman, Felicia, additional, Crandall, Carolyn J., additional, Crawford, Brooke M., additional, Cusano, Natalie E., additional, de Paula, Francisco J.A., additional, Delbaere, Kim, additional, Dempster, David W., additional, Diab, Dima L., additional, Dick-de-Paula, Ingrid, additional, DiMeglio, Linda A., additional, Drake, Matthew T., additional, Dubrovsky, Alanna M.K., additional, D’Onofrio, Luca, additional, Eastell, Richard, additional, Elder, Grahame J., additional, El-Hajj Fuleihan, Ghada A., additional, Ensrud, Kristine E., additional, Ferrari, Serge, additional, Freudenthal, Bernard, additional, Genant, Harry K., additional, Gerstenfeld, Louis C., additional, Giangregorio, Lora, additional, Gielen, Evelien, additional, Gold, Deborah T., additional, Goldring, Steven R., additional, Gordon, Catherine M., additional, Gori, Francesca, additional, Greendale, Gail A., additional, Griffith, James F., additional, Hadji, Peyman, additional, Hernandez, Christopher J., additional, Hoggatt, Jonathan, additional, Houston, Denise K., additional, Hussein, Amira I., additional, Jacobs, Christopher R., additional, Jiang, Xuezhi, additional, Johnston, James D., additional, Kagan, Risa, additional, Karim, Lamya, additional, Karvonen-Gutierrez, Carrie, additional, Katzman, Wendy B., additional, Kawai, Masanobu, additional, Khosla, Sundeep, additional, Kiel, Douglas P., additional, Kontulainen, Saija A., additional, Kostenuik, Paul, additional, Krez, Alexandra, additional, Kronenberg, Henry, additional, Kumar, Rajiv, additional, Lane, Nancy E., additional, Langsetmo, Lisa, additional, Laurent, Michaël R., additional, Lawenius, L., additional, Leikin, Sergey, additional, Leslie, William D., additional, Lewiecki, E. Michael, additional, Liu, Minghao, additional, Liu, Yi, additional, Lord, Stephen R., additional, Lorenzo, Joseph, additional, Ma, Nina S., additional, Maalouf, Naim M., additional, Marcus, Robert, additional, McClung, Michael R., additional, Mendes, Marcela Moraes, additional, Miller, Paul D., additional, Misra, Madhusmita, additional, Mohseni, Mahshid, additional, Morgan, Elise F., additional, Morin, Suzanne N., additional, Mukaddam, Mona Al, additional, Mulder, Chris J.J., additional, Nair, Nandini, additional, Napoli, Nicola, additional, Nasomyont, Nat, additional, Nelson, Dorothy A., additional, Nieves, Jeri W., additional, Nissenson, Robert, additional, Ohlsson, Claes, additional, Oleson, Christina V., additional, Ortinau, Laura, additional, Orwoll, Eric, additional, Ott, Susan M., additional, Pacifici, Roberto, additional, Palermo, Andrea, additional, Parfitt, A.M., additional, Park, Dongsu, additional, Provot, Sylvain, additional, Randhawa, Sonia Bhandari, additional, Randolph, John F., additional, Rivadeneira, Fernando, additional, Robey, Pamela Gehron, additional, Robinson, Lauren, additional, Rogers-Soeder, Tara, additional, Roodman, G. David, additional, Rosen, Clifford J., additional, Saag, Kenneth G., additional, Sahni, Shivani, additional, Sakhaee, Khashayar, additional, Scadden, David T., additional, Schafer, Anne L., additional, Schipani, Ernestina, additional, Serra, Monica C., additional, Shapiro, Jay R., additional, Sherrington, Catherine, additional, Shikany, James M., additional, Silverberg, Shonni J., additional, Singer, Andrea J., additional, Sjögren, K., additional, Snyder, Peter J., additional, Stein, Emily M., additional, Swanson, Christine M., additional, Szulc, Pawel, additional, Taxel, Pamela, additional, Tebben, Peter J., additional, Twardowski, Sarah E., additional, Uitterlinden, André G., additional, Vaidya, Rachana, additional, Vallera, Cristianna, additional, van Bodegraven, Adriaan A., additional, van der Eerden, Bram C.J., additional, van der Meulen, Marjolein C.H., additional, van Wijnen, André J., additional, Vanderschueren, Dirk, additional, Wactawski-Wende, Jean, additional, Watts, Laura, additional, Watts, Nelson B., additional, Weaver, Ashley A., additional, Weinstein, Robert S., additional, Williams, Graham R., additional, Wu, Joy, additional, Wu, Karin C., additional, Yin, Michael T., additional, Yu, Elaine W., additional, and Zhou, Hua, additional

Published
2021
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31. Sarcopenia‐defining parameters, but not sarcopenia, are associated with cognitive domains in middle‐aged and older European men

Author

Amini, Nadjia, primary, Dupont, Jolan, additional, Lapauw, Laurence, additional, Vercauteren, Laura, additional, Antonio, Leen, additional, O'Neill, Terence W., additional, Vanderschueren, Dirk, additional, Pendleton, Neil, additional, Rastrelli, Giulia, additional, Maggi, Mario, additional, Casanueva, Felipe F., additional, Słowikowska‐Hilczer, Jolanta, additional, Punab, Margus, additional, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T., additional, Wu, Frederick C.W., additional, Verschueren, Sabine, additional, Tournoy, Jos, additional, and Gielen, Evelien, additional

Published
2023
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32. Glycemia but not the Metabolic Syndrome is Associated with Cognitive Decline: Findings from the European Male Ageing Study

Author

Overman, Margot J., Pendleton, Neil, O'Neill, Terence W., Bartfai, Gyorgy, Casanueva, Felipe F., Forti, Gianni, Rastrelli, Giulia, Giwercman, Aleksander, Han, Thang S., Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T., Kula, Krzysztof, Lean, Michael E.J., Punab, Margus, Lee, David M., Correa, Elon S., Ahern, Tomas, Laurent, Michaël R., Verschueren, Sabine M.P., Antonio, Leen, Gielen, Evelien, Rutter, Martin K., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Wu, Frederick C.W., and Tournoy, Jos

Published
2017
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36. Additional file 1 of Are dietary intake and nutritional status of specific polyunsaturated fatty acids correlated with sarcopenia outcomes in community-dwelling older adults with sarcopenia? – Exploratory results from ENHANce

Author

Dupont, Jolan, Wauters, Eva, Dedeyne, Lenore, Vercauteren, Laura, Amini, Nadjia, Lapauw, Laurence, Matthys, Christophe, Verschueren, Sabine, Tournoy, Jos, Koppo, Katrien, and Gielen, Evelien

Abstract

Additional file 1: Table S1. STROBE-nut: An extension of the STROBE statement for nutritional epidemiology. Table S2. Schematic overview of results.

Published
2023
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37. Evaluation of cognitive subdomains, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in the European Male Ageing Study

Author

Overman, Margot J., Pendleton, Neil, O’Neill, Terence W., Bartfai, Gyorgy, Casanueva, Felipe F., Finn, Joseph D., Forti, Gianni, Rastrelli, Giulia, Giwercman, Aleksander, Han, Thang S., Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T., Kula, Krzysztof, Lean, Michael E. J., Punab, Margus, Lee, David M., Correa, Elon S., Ahern, Tomas, Verschueren, Sabine M. P., Antonio, Leen, Gielen, Evelien, Rutter, Martin K., Vanderschueren, Dirk, Wu, Frederick C. W., Tournoy, Jos, and The EMAS Study Group

Published
2017
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39. Reproductive hormone levels, androgen receptor CAG repeat length and their longitudinal relationships with decline in cognitive subdomains in men: The European Male Ageing Study.

Author

Overman, Margot J, primary, Pendleton, Neil, additional, O'Neill, Terence W, additional, Bartfai, Gyorgy, additional, Casanueva, Felipe F, additional, Forti, Gianni, additional, Rastrelli, Giulia, additional, Giwercman, Aleksander, additional, Han, Thang S, additional, Huhtaniemi, Ilpo T, additional, Slowikowska-Hilczer, Jolanta, additional, Lean, Michael EJ, additional, Punab, Margus, additional, Lee, David M, additional, Antonio, Leen, additional, Gielen, Evelien, additional, Rutter, Martin K, additional, Vanderschueren, Dirk, additional, Wu, Frederick CW, additional, and Tournoy, Jos, additional

Published
2022
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40. Effects of Dairy Products Consumption on Health: Benefits and Beliefs—A Commentary from the Belgian Bone Club and the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases

Author

Rozenberg, Serge, Body, Jean-Jacques, Bruyère, Olivier, Bergmann, Pierre, Brandi, Maria Luisa, Cooper, Cyrus, Devogelaer, Jean-Pierre, Gielen, Evelien, Goemaere, Stefan, Kaufman, Jean-Marc, Rizzoli, René, and Reginster, Jean-Yves

Published
2016
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43. Efficacy and Safety of Romosozumab Among Postmenopausal Women With Osteoporosis and Mild‐to‐Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease

Author

Miller, Paul D, primary, Adachi, Jonathan D, additional, Albergaria, Ben‐Hur, additional, Cheung, Angela M, additional, Chines, Arkadi A, additional, Gielen, Evelien, additional, Langdahl, Bente L, additional, Miyauchi, Akimitsu, additional, Oates, Mary, additional, Reid, Ian R, additional, Santiago, Norma Ruiz, additional, Vanderkelen, Mark, additional, Wang, Zhenxun, additional, and Yu, Zhigang, additional

Published
2022
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