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Component Based Software Engineering has one main sole motive of making the development process of software systems as easy as possible and to achieve this objective work needs to be done in previous systems to identify the concerns and limitations which can be overcome using this software engineering based approach. In this paper to support concept of component based system a domain is chosen that covers the GIS systems. GIS (Geographic Information Systems) are commonly used for development of map based applications these systems are widely used across the web and in various organizations. With the development and deepening of GIS, traditional GIS systems showed the challenges on isolation, sealing, interoperability and the limitations, thereby hindering further development and application of GIS technology. In this paper framework for component based GIS system is proposed. This framework is having rich graphical interface and user data can be easily retrieved from the connected database and displayed in the browser.

This paper describes the development of an integrated approach for water pipe network calibration and lea quantification. The proposed approach provides a practical procedure that merges field measurements and mathematical modeling for leak quantification and network calibration. The use of Evolutionary Algorithms (EA) using both Genetic Algorithms (GA) and Shuffled Complex Evolution – University of Arizona (SCE-UA) to calculate the pinpointed leak outflows well as to identify any faulty meters. Also, by treating pinpointed physical leaks as junction points, the model, via EPAnet connection, calibrates the network and calculates their demands (which is equivalent to physical losses) and estimating pipes roughness factor (CHW) for better network calibration. Besides, throughout the process, the developed model uses GA and SCE-UA but departs from traditional use in using floating-point representations and introducing a new self-adaptive constraint handling function, which yields optimal results in fewer generations (model runs). Two pilot networks are selected, a well-known hypothetical network (Hanoi network) to present the general mathematical model, while a real network (Faisal city network) is used to test the integrated approach. The model integrates EPAnet for the required hydraulic modeling during the simulation and GIS for input data integration and output representation during the whole procedure. The results prove the approach's accuracy and efficiency.

Nowadays, there are many area-based Geographic Information Systems (GIS) applications such as real estate valuation, land tax, farming support and cost–benefit analysis. Areas used in such applications are calculated by means of two-dimensional plane geometry. However, the computed area value is not the exact area value in the terrain. In order to calculate the exact area value of a parcel, area corrections due to various factors must be taken into account. These factors are selection of projection, slope of the terrain, elevation of the terrain and scale of the map. Selection of projection and slope of terrain are available; elevation of the terrain and scale of map are not available in all GIS software. In this study, the effect of area corrections on the area value calculated from the map is examined with sample applications and the results are presented to the GIS users. According to the results, GIS users should select the equal area projection. In addition, scale of map, elevation and slope of terrain should be taken into account in the area calculation where land measurements are not possible.

Flood is one of the most commonly occurring natural disasters affecting lives and properties. One of the major causes of flood in low-lying areas or coastal areas is cyclones. The paper aims to assess the effect of cyclone Bulbul that occurred on 9th November 2019 and water inundation caused in South 24 Parganas, East Medinipur, and North 24 Parganas districts of West Bengal. Sentinel 1 data of 10 m spatial resolution for pre and post-event was used for the study. Remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) tools were utilized to process and analyse the SAR data. The output of the study was prepared in the form of an illustrative water inundation map. The analysis result showed that out of the three districts, South 24 Parganas showed the maximum changes in the water inundation after the event. The changes in the water inundated area from pre-event to post-event were 99.922 km2 to 149.22 km2; 196.36 km2 to 195.93 km2 and 497.27 km2 to 505.14 km2 for South 24 Pargana, East Medinipur, and North 24 Pargana districts, respectively. From the study, it was concluded that RS and GIS applications are convenient, effective, and fast techniques for the assessment of water inundation caused due to natural disasters.

This article presents a methodology and the results of the classification of the rural landscapes physiognomies conducted on the study area located in the municipality of Cekcyn, Poland. The study aimed to develop a landscape identification method that would combine natural, cultural, and visual criteria with which to implement the provisions of the European Landscape Convention. The realization of the European Landscape Convention in Poland is incomplete due to the lack of practical application of landscape assessment in land management and spatial planning at the commune level. The research was intended at helping to fill this void. The study develops a method using which it will be possible to protect the diversity and beauty of Europe’s rural landscapes more effectively. The goal has so far been of little scientific interest in Poland. The physiognomy of the studied area was analyzed with the use of commonly available spatial data and by means of field studies. Physical-geographical units and cultural characteristics have been designated based on spatial databases. Landscape patterns were identified by analyzing visual fields with the use of both GIS applications and field studies. This practice made it possible to determine physiognomic units of the landscape which are internally coherent and relatively homogeneous in terms of physical-geographical, cultural, and visual features. Identifying the landscape physiognomy within the designated landscape physiognomic units serves to harmonize spatial alterations in the area of rural communes in processes of land management and planning.

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing are presently recognized generally as an improve instrument for overseeing, breaking down, and showing gigantic volumes of fluctuated information suitable to numerous neighborhood and provincial arranging exercises. Because of the composite idea of the travel industry arranging issues, the planned of GIS in settling these issues is progressively perceived. This paper will think a portion of the conceivable outcomes of GIS applications in the travel industry arranging. For the most part, GIS applications in the travel industry have been tight to recreational office stock, the travel industry situated land the board, and diversion untamed life strife; and have been thin by absence of financing, and awkward techniques. Utilizing the case of site wellness investigation for the travel industry improvement and mapping, this paper features a few uses of GIS in the travel industry arranging in vaishali square, Bihar. According to our present investigation; the most reasonable the travel industry site recognized by the examination is inside significant towns. The urban focus with plausibility to develop into the travel industry focuses. The rest of the land shows a low appropriateness scale because of absence of significant appreciation for make a solid force factor. Availability is an essential for the travel industry advancement. Great street organize availability with closeness to railroads station or air terminal demonstrated solid vacationer potential site, this combined with proximity to grand magnificence delineates high appropriateness. Significant vacation destinations, for example, legacy locales, gardens and water bodies or lake demonstrated high appropriateness. This can be corresponded to the way that legacy destinations and other high appropriate highlights are converted into reasonable the travel industry site.

In many GIS applications, it is necessary to identify the corresponding objects in the datasets with different sources, scales, and precisions. In this respect, similarity measures used to identify corresponding objects in the datasets with a high percentage of ambiguity might have low efficiency. Therefore, in this paper, we have tried to improve the precision of matching problems in complex conditions by presenting a polygon objects matching method based on the geographic context similarity. The proposed geographic context measure investigates the spatial relationships of the distance and the orientation of each object with the landmarks. Furthermore, instead of using all the identified landmarks for each object, only effective landmarks have been used while weights are assigned to them using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. Implementation of the proposed method on three separate datasets shows the high efficiency of the proposed method in different spatial conditions. Finally, comparing the proposed method with the latest methods in the field of the study indicates an improvement according to the $${F}_{\mathrm{Score}}$$ criterion. The results reveal that the matching precision has an average improvement of 10.43% on the studied datasets.

This study looks at early morning hourly public transit use in London, Ontario, from 5:00 AM to 8:59 AM and measures the transit gaps between supply and demand at each hour to identify not only areas of oversupply or undersupply but how their occurrence and positions develop over a temporal scale.

Purpose The study aims to promote independent mobility for persons with visual impairment or legal blindness (VIB) by developing a Web-based wayfinding application using geographic information systems (GIS). While the literature mainly focuses on technical devices presenting results for wayfinding, a lack of integration of user needs is identified. The inclusive, participative developed application offers step-by-step directions for pre-trip planning through an accessible user interface. Design/methodology/approach The paper presents a semi-automated approach to extract a pedestrian routing network data set based on open government data and field survey. User profiles calculate different routes using a weighting scheme for landmarks, orientation hints, infrastructure of crossings and sidewalks. The adoption of ArcGIS Web AppBuilder widgets allows access of the user interface additionally through keyboard-only navigation and therefore screen-reader capability. Findings GIS offers a powerful tool to design network analysis for persons with VIB. The routing algorithm accesses different user profiles, returning individualized turn-by-turn directions. The complex set of attributes, including shorelines, landmarks and barriers, can be integrated by semi-automated processes. Practical implications The paper illustrates the benefit of GIS applications for wayfinding of persons with VIB to raise self-determination and independence. Originality/value A ubiquitous pedestrian sidewalk network for a medium-size city comprises a novelty, as research has mainly focused on small areas. The integration of shorelines next to a various number of hints, landmarks and potential barriers through semi-automated processes allows reproducibility and transferability of the model to other cities.

This paper describes the development of an integrated approach for water pipe network calibration and quantifying leaks. The approach merges both field measurements and linear programming to pinpoint pipe leaks (physical losses); then applies Genetic Algorithms (GA) to identify faulty meters and meter thefts (apparent losses). Besides; throughout the process, GIS is used for input data integration and output representation. The developed model is based on GA but is different in its representation, introducing a new adaptive constraint handling function and a new mutation function. Also, the use of floating-point representation enables the calibration of a large number of unknown parameters without compromising the accuracy and precision of the solutions. While the newly introduced constraint handling function robust the solution towards a near level of agreement between real and calculated values. A pilot site is used to test the model and approach, comparing before and after field results to ensure accuracy. The model integrates EPAnet for the required hydraulic modeling during the simulation. The results prove the approach’s accuracy and efficiency.

The anthropic and natural elements have become more closely monitored and analysed through the use of remote sensing and GIS applications. In this regard, the study aims to feature a different approach to produce more and more thematic information, focusing on the development of built-up areas. In this paper, multispectral images and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images were the basis of a wide range of proximity analyses. These allow the extraction of data about the distribution of built-up space on the areas with potential for economic and social development. Application of interferometric coherence and supervised classifications have been accomplished on various territories, such as metropolitan areas of the most developed region of Romania, more specifically Transylvania. The results indicate accuracy values, which can reach 94 per cent for multispectral datasets and 93 per cent for SAR datasets. The accuracy of resulted data will reveal a variety of city patterns, depending mainly on local features regarding natural and administrative environments. In this way, a comparison will be made between the accuracy of both datasets to provide an analysis of the manner of built-up areas distribution to assess the expansion of the studied metropolitan areas. Therefore, this study aims to apply well-established methods from the remote sensing field to enhance the information and datasets in some areas lacking recent research.

This paper highlights the significance of crime mapping in Makurdi metropolis using GIS applications to enhance identification, mapping and presentation of crime patterns and trends. Attribute data were obtained from police incident files while the spatial data were gotten from field work. The distribution of crimes and the variation of crime occurrences within the 5 police divisions were assessed, with B Police Division recording the highest crime incidences. Also, crime hotspots in the area were determined. The one-way ANOVA showed a statistically significant difference in the distribution of crime incidents among the 5 Police jurisdictions (F(4,100) = 3.767, p < 0.05). The study recommended the establishment of GIS units in all police stations to aid crime analysis for effective mobilization of police patrol teams.

Big data and geographic information systems (GIS) are two technologies that have increasingly influenced many areas in the last 10 years and will continue to improve and help solve serious global problems, such as consequences of climate change or global pandemics. A wide spectrum of GIS applications interacts with the continuous growth of geospatial big data sources to drive precise and informed decisions. Geospatial big data integration is designed to accomplish the compatibility of distinct geospatial datasets regardless of their spatial coverage. The large number of geospatial big data sources demand effective data integration for storing and handling such datasets, which will be used for geospatial data analysis and visualization. For instance, risk management datasets related to healthcare and the environment are heterogeneous and disparate. Obtaining a unified view of such geospatial big datasets is complicated and challenging, especially if we consider problems related to healthcare pandemics and environmental disasters. Hence, before we can attempt to predict and mitigate processes occurring in these domains, we must realize that geospatial big data integration is crucial in consolidating datasets. We explore and discuss issues involved in integrating geospatial big datasets in this study. We then classify big data integration processes into three categories, namely, data warehousing, data transformation and integration methods. Furthermore, several research challenges focused on geospatial big data, big earth data, data warehousing, data transformation and linked data are presented. Lastly, open research issues and emerging trends that require in-depth investigations in the near future are highlighted in this study.

The aims of this study were to analyse the flood mitigation in the Musi Sub Watershed of Ujan Mas Kepahiang Sub-District and to describe the design, characteristic and feasibility of the physics e-book on integrated fluid material of developed disaster mitigation. In addition, the results of the e-book application of the integrated physics material on flood disaster mitigation are analysed in improving students’ HOTS on the dimension of metacognitive knowledge. This study applies a 4-D development model consisting of four stages which are Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The analysis results of observations of flood-affected areas using a spatial zoning approach based on elevation, distance from the river, topography of the area, and the use of GIS applications are used to create flood-prone maps. The results of the flood mitigation study are used to design the contents of the fluid physics e-book. Characteristics of developed e-book include missions, competencies, basic theories, basic activities, material resources, and assessment characters. The sample used as a trial for implementing the e-book was the students at SMK 1 Rejang Lebong and selected by using the Purposive Sampling Technique. According to the expert validation, the e-book is highly feasible to be applied as teacher's teaching material with an average percentage score of 95.86%. Students’ HOTS ability on the metacognitive dimension of classical knowledge is 6.67% very good; 26.66% good; 46.67% adequate; 13.33% less; and 6.67% very less. The e-book of integrated fluid on mitigation flood for Class X SMA/MAK in the concentration subject of Technology and Engineering was able to improve students' metacognitive abilities with an N gain value of 0.65 (moderate).

In recent year, 3D geographic information system (GIS) has been receiving great attention from a variety of domains, but many 3D GIS applications are nevertheless restricted to visualization purposes only. One major reason for such limitation is the lack of formalized and comprehensive mechanism for the management and analysis of feature-based 3D geographic data. From a 3D GIS perspective, this study proposes a web-based system facilitating the simulation, analysis and visualization of disaster caused by tsunami and floods because these two types of hazard are highly related to the height and depth aspects. The core of the proposed system is the hierarchical 3D building framework capable of modelling different levels of building units and linking domain data via standardized identifiers in an integrated fashion. The system is designed as a decision support system that allows users to import real or simulated disaster scenarios and automatically response with the visualized damage assessment information. The 3D illustration not only provides a direct and intuitive interface for decision makers to visually inspect the outcomes at different levels of granularity, the symbology of 3D buildings can be also flexibly customized to highlight the impacts according to the perspective of the chosen applications. Quantitative vulnerability indexes are dynamically updated according to the timeline of the imported disasters to aid the decision of emergency response actions. The evacuation plan also can additionally consider the 3D aspects, such that citizens will be provided with information about nearby safe places (e.g., tall buildings or high hills) to reduce the loss of lives.

Successful land information management is an important issue for governments in regards to sustainable development. Reliable and comprehensive data about land and all related factors are essential for effective land policies. Various land related legal applications such as planning, taxation, property management, mortgage, and real estate investments require interoperable, extensive and realistic information about the land and real property. GIS provides greater insight into land by its capability to advance geographic analysis in different aspects. The statistical analysis capabilities of GIS increase the efficiency and accuracy of the evaluations related to land and real estate. Along with the developments of information and communication technologies, modern GIS technologies can handle large and complex data. Web-based and mobile GIS technologies provide the capability of operating and sharing local data and provide geographic analysis tools to users via the web. In this way, various mobile GIS applications can be developed in many different application areas. In this study, a mobile application titled as Smart Real Estate was developed for presenting urban real estate characteristics in different thematic groups by analysing data in different formats coming from different sources.

Teknolojinin hızla geliştiği bu dönemde kullanılan mekânsal teknolojiler, yeryüzünde meydana gelen doğal ve beşeri olayların yeniden yorumlanmasını sağlamıştır. Bu mekânsal teknolojiler günümüzde gelişmiş birçok ülke tarafından etkin olarak kullanılmaktadır. Yeryüzünde meydana gelen coğrafi olayların analizinin yapılmasını sağlayan Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ABD gibi ülkelerde ilköğretimden başlayarak coğrafya derslerinde kullanılmaktadır. Ancak bizim ülkemizde bu sistem 2005 yılında yeni Coğrafya Öğretim Programında yerini almıştır ve tam anlamıyla kullanılamamaktadır. Ülkemizde üniversite düzeyinde CBS’ye gereken önem verilmeye başlanmış olmakla birlikte önceden mezun olmuş ortaöğretim coğrafya öğretmenleri bu konu hakkında tam olarak bir bilgiye sahip değildir. Coğrafya öğretmenlerine CBS’yi nasıl kullanabilecekleri öğretilirken bir yandan da derslere nasıl adapte edebilecekleri konularında yardımcı olunması gerekmektedir. Bununla birlikte öğretmenlerin CBS ile ilgili yazılımlara da ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Bu çalışmada CBS’nin ortaöğretim coğrafya ders programında kullanımı, CBS’ye ait temel özellikler, 9. sınıfa ait örnek ders uygulaması irdelenmiştir. CBS uygulamalarında ArcView 9.2 yazılımı kullanılmıştır.

the environmental data acquisition station is used to manage the public health and detection of a microclimate of a city for a broadcast processed high precision data for users. This research article is summarizing the applications of Electronics and GIS applications to health risks management due to air pollution, noise and microclimate change detection, to study the geography of urban health risks and environmental change in Casablanca, Morocco. acquisition of environmental and Climatological Data using sensor networks, results a new possibilities and advantages, of environmental data monitoring using electronic circuit with a broadcasting system via a technology with wireless transmitter. The main object of this research is to present a simple and rapid method to provide instant microclimate and environment data, which can be used to manage the public risks caused by pollution and environment changes. As the climate and environment conditions are variable from a place to place, it is difficult to get accurate climate and environment for a particular location in a city. With the advancement of technology, especially data acquisition systems, the problem of large set up area and cost has been reduced. The data acquisition station can be set up at any place and provide an accurate and instant climate and environment report to any citizen of the city. The report of the data acquisition system can be used by the users to choose the best place for them to live due to their diseases. In addition, these data can be collected in a GIS system to create a microclimate change and air pollution map of different zones in the city, predict the future climate, and air pollution of the city.

The government organizes public services in the immigration sector in terms of issuing passports through the Directorate General of Immigration which has the responsibility of carrying out immigration functions and determining service standards for each Technical Service Unit owned. In providing public services, the TPI Medan Special Class I Immigration Office is responsible for four districts and two cities covering Langkat Regency, Deli Serdang Regency, Serdang Bedagai Regency, Karo Regency, Medan City and Binjai City. With a large enough working area, it is necessary to establish an Office Work Unit or Passport Service Unit as an effective and efficient way to carry out immigration functions and to bring services closer to the public. The establishment of an Office Work Unit (UKK) and a Passport Service Unit (ULP) based on the workload of the Technical Implementing Unit is very broad so it is necessary to establish an Office Work Unit and Passport Service Unit to optimize immigration functions to the community. The aim is that every community can get the fulfillment of service needs in accordance with the laws and regulations governing the delivery of public services. In the framework of establishing an Office Work Unit (UKK) and Passport Service Unit (ULP), it is necessary to determine a strategic location and can be reached by the community so that it can achieve its maximum function. The Kualanamu Passport Service Unit is located in the Kualanamu Airport area, which is located in Beringin District. Therefore, this study aims to analyze strategic locations in determining the location of ULPs. In order to analyze the location and range of services, a spatial buffering analysis was carried out as well as theories that were considered relevant, such as the theory of Von Thunen, Weber and Christaller. From the spatial analysis process carried out, it can be seen that a strategic location in the formation of ULPs so that the range of services provided can meet the needs of the community.

The utilization of building information modeling (BIM) to support various tasks of building lifecycle management (BLM) has been reported in a range of studies. However, during its lifetime...

Recent generations of GPUs have seen the introduction of hardware-accelerated ray tracing algorithms that are suitable for real-time use. They provide hardware for massively parallel ray-geometry intersection computations, indicating a highly optimized spatial data structure derived from arbitrary triangle-based geometries. Spatial join is an ubiquitous problem in spatial databases, GIS applications, spatial statistics, and similar applications. On a fundamental level, spatial joins are based on point in polygon tests (PIP). We suggest exploiting the capabilities of ray tracing hardware to perform fast parallel point in polygon tests in order to implement hardware-accelerated spatial joins.

During the last two decades, determining the urban boundaries of cities has become one of the major concerns in the urban and regional planning subject domains. Many scholars have tried to model the change of urban boundaries as it helps with sustainable development, population projections and social policy making, but such efforts have been futile, owing to the complex nature of urbanization and the theoretical and technical limitations of the proposed applications. Hence, many countries continue to rely on the administrative boundary demarcation, which rarely represent the actual urbanizing pattern. In such context, this study utilized the “Intersection-Based Clustered Network Model—(iCN Model)” to determine the urban boundaries of cities and selected Sri Lanka as the study area and considered few cities to test the model empirically, with satellite imagery classified urban boundaries. The findings of the study depict that the iCN Model is capable of capturing the complex and dynamic socioeconomic interdependencies of cities via the transportation network configurations. Therefore, the proposed approach is an excellent proxy to derive the urban boundaries of cities, which correspond with the same, derived by the satellite imageries. The proposed model is entirely based on open-source GIS applications and is free to implement and modify using the methods described in this paper.

UAS (Unmanned Aircraft Systems) technologies, also known as UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle), drones, or Remotely Piloted Aircraft System (RPAS) and GIS (Geographic Information System) are recognised for the value of the results that can be achieved by their combined use. However, their use and the results achieved are rarely framed within the context of Digital Era Governance (DEG), an undertaking that would significantly reduce the capabilities of knowledge transfer from the academic and/or private environment to the public domain. The purpose of this study was to highlight, by a bibliometric analysis, the areas of proposed use of this team of tools and the extent to which these can enter the sphere of interest of public administrations, especially local ones. From a methodological point of view, based on the 439 articles filtered from the Web of Science database where UAS/UAV and GIS technologies were used, several bibliometric analyses have emerged. VOSviewer and R (Bibliometrix tool) were used to conduct the bibliometric analyses. Most scientific publications that used UAV technology as a working tool have predominant applicability in photogrammetry, while GIS applications are found in publications dedicated to image processing, landslides, and cultural and archaeological heritage. We point out that from the point of view of international cooperation, at the level of institutions or countries, certain international organisations from the USA, China, and the central and northern European states have a high interest in this topic, and a low cooperation between academia and public administration is exhibited. The conclusion is represented by the apparent lack of framing of the results of UAS–GIS technologies usage into wider and more topical contexts, such as digital era governance, and also a reduced applicability of the research results.

Free Open Source Software server Service (FOSSSS) is computer software that anyone can use, modify, and distribute without restriction. Many people or organizations contribute to open source software, which is provided under licenses that follow the Open Source Definition. This study to represent the how to manipulate and visualization of map based application using open source server like GeoServer. This study also interacts with web solution of GIS applications using different Free Open Source Software server (FOSSS) solutions. Low cost, great stability and security are all benefits of open server software, which handling mini and medium sized web based GIS application projects prefer it as a result. An efficient WebGIS system is presented in this research. The area of GIS has grown at a rapid pace in recent decades, and it now includes both proprietary and open source GIS software. After introducing the essential principles of WebGIS, it chose open-source technologies such as Apache Tomcat, GeoServer, and PostGIS. Finally, discussion on how to integrated web based GIS small application.

Solid waste is the most influencing parameter in the day to day life of human existence on the earth as the quantity that is generating per capita per day is increasing significantly year by year along with the improved life style which becomes more problematic issue in the days to come if it is not handled properly. Earlier environment used to focus with respect to the pollution like air pollution and water pollution where majority of the people used encounter but now a day’s in the urban areas solid waste disposal without any consequences on the environment is a challenging issue to concern administrative authorities why because even to provide shelter along with basic needs like water, clean air etc is a burden to them in addition to them the solid waste becomes highly considerable issue by keeping view of development of the area, that is why in all most all the areas of the world especially in urban areas where the population has been increasing at an rapid uncontrollable number it is imposing heavy burden to find out suitable solution for dealing with solid waste Rapid industrialization is one of the major issue to be considered as part of solid waste at one side the industrialization is highly mandatory and most important domain for the development of any country but at the other side it attracts large number of people to migrate from their living areas in the name of employment to urban areas which is the high priority issue with respect to the generation of per capita solid waste from their daily day to day activities that leads to undesirable consequences on environment if they are not handled properly. At most of the cities and the towns it is being observed that the solid waste is dumping at the outskirts without proper treatment which leads to other inevitable issues especially during rainy season the chemicals from the leachate of the waste percolated into the groundwater aquifers and makes the problem more severe. It is observing that from different studies almost 80 percent of the solid waste can be recycled by adopting suitable and sophisticated methodology .In this study we have selected four municipalities comes under capital region of newly formed Andhra Pradesh waste we have collected the solid waste and segregated all recyclable waste materials than analyzed organic waste materials and proposed an effective methodology for optimum utilization of organic wastes for the welfare of the society and also to the environment.

Remote sensing is a source of up-to-date information. The present study relied on various approaches for gathering information, including descriptive, quantitative and quantitative analytical processes. Particularly, we conducted the analysis of the satellite data ETM + of the satellite Landsat7 and the digital models of Digital Elevation Model of SRTM using ArcGIS9.2. The model depends on primary mathematical equations and constitutes an essential base for GIS applications that rely on data, computer, and software, performing the processes of data entry, analysis and processing. This paper deals with the geomorphological characteristics of a selected study area in Kirkuk province. The characteristics of the water network were determined in terms of direction and the pattern of the water basin using the automated process based on the employment of the applications of the GIS. The study revealed that remote sensing is one of the beneficial techniques for monitoring the changes, geomorphological phenomena, and shapes of the earth's surface, as well as determining their dimensions and slopes through a set of analytical maps by geographic information systems for the study area.