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Discusses educational facility lighting management, and examines how light quantity, distribution, and quality-enhancement strategies can improve the indoor environment while reducing lighting costs. Informational tables provide lighting pattern, color, and illuminance data. (GR)

Provides information to identify and implement the key characteristics which contribute to an efficient and comfortable visual display unit (VDU) lighting installation. Areas addressed include VDU lighting requirements, glare, lighting controls, VDU environment, lighting retrofit, optical filters, and lighting recommendations. A checklist to evaluate present VDU environments is included. (JN)

The sources and characteristics (light measurement, direct and indirect or reflected glare) of glare problems in the video display terminal work environment are described. Glare control measures, including the location and design of lighting systems, managing outdoor light and using screen filters and hoods, are reviewed. Five sources are given. (EJS)

The same form of lighting will not be effective in all areas of a school facility. Factors to be considered include physical and psychological effects, visual requirements, and cost. A chart illustrates type of lamp, output/energy ratio, light "quality," and applications. (MLF)

Describes four models of the psychological process of reading, and relates them to computer technology. The physiological process of reading printed text from a display screen is discussed, including spacing, the configuration of letters, vision problems, and lighting and glare. The quality of computer printouts is also discussed. (41 references) (LRW)

Poor lighting conditions in classrooms result not only from low intensity light but also from too high intensity light, an uneven distribution of light, and glare. Since visual tasks in a classroom constitute 62 percent of a student's time in school, suggestions are made of ways lighting conditions can be improved. The principles and characteristics of different types of illumination--incandescent, fluorescent, mercury vapor lights, and metal halide lamps--are explained. Techniques for the measurement of illumination, brightness or intensity, reflection and glare, and light distribution are outlined. A brief explanation is given of print types, line widths, leading, colored inks, and colored papers as they relate to the speed of reading. (Author/MLF)

Explores the benefits and pitfalls of day lighting, indirect light, and full-spectrum lamps for general illumination and accent lighting in classrooms. Discussions include lighting considerations in areas where computers are used and fixture cost factors versus efficiency. (GR)

Discusses the importance of proper lighting in spaces dedicated to reading and computer use, such as libraries. Topics include glare and reflection; contrast; shadows; damage to paper and bindings from light; aesthetic issues; different categories of lighting; types of fixtures; and achieving a balance by varying lighting and fixtures. (LRW)

Examines the use of lighting, both artificial and natural, that can enhance the aesthetic quality and functionality of areas with indoor swimming pools. Discusses glare and shadow-reduction measures that aid competitive events, including lighting above and below water levels, and highlights lighting issues during televised events. Descriptions of different types of lamps are included. (GR)

Three architectural firms propose possible solutions to the problem of integrating daylight and artificial light in a library/media center. Illustrations are provided. (DCS)

Describes ways to reduce computer screen glare in schoolrooms with lighting arrangements originally designed for reading the printed page. Suggested readings are listed for additional information on the topic. (LRW)

Windows provide access to daylight and outdoor views, influencing building design. Various glazing and window shade materials are used to mitigate glare, overheating and privacy issues, and they affect view clarity. Among them, we evaluated the effect of window films, electrochromic (EC) glass, and fabric shades on view clarity. We conducted an experiment with 50 participants using visual tests adapted from clinical vision tests (visual acuity, contrast sensitivity, color sensitivity) and images displayed on a computer monitor in a controlled laboratory. Window films and EC glass tints outperformed fabric shades in visual acuity, contrast sensitivity and view satisfaction with the exception of the darkest EC tint state and dark grey VLT 3% shade for color sensitivity and view satisfaction. The EC tints pose internal reflection issues and fabric shades are preferred for visual privacy. Window films and EC glass hinder participants blue-green color discrimination while fabric shades also decrease red-yellow color discrimination. Visual acuity predicts view satisfaction and contrast sensitivity is the strongest predictor for visual privacy. Generally, higher visible light transmittance and lower solar reflectance (darker color) enhance human visual performance. The proposed workflow provides an experimental procedure, identifies the primary variables and establishes a predictive framework for assessing view clarity of fenestration.

John A Hovanesian,1 Michael Jones,2 Quentin Allen3 1Harvard Eye Associates, Laguna Hills, CA, USA; 2Quantum Vision Centers, Swansea, IL, USA; 3Florida Vision Institute, Stuart, FL, USACorrespondence: John A Hovanesian, Harvard Eye Associates, 23961 Calle De La Magdalena, #300, Laguna Hills, CA, 92653, USA, Tel +1 949 951 2020, Fax +1 949 951 9244, Email jhovanesian@harvardeye.comPurpose: To evaluate patient-reported outcomes of cataract surgery using the Clareon Panoptix and Panoptix Toric trifocal lenses and to compare these to the data collected previously for the AcrySof Panoptix and Panoptix Toric.Patients and Methods: Prospective, open-label, multicenter analysis of satisfaction, spectacle independence, presence of unwanted side effects, and best-corrected visual acuity among patients undergoing cataract surgery who had been implanted at least 1 month previously with the Clareon PanOptix or PanOptix Toric trifocal IOL bilaterally. Results were compared to outcomes measured two years ago from a similar study with the AcrySof version of the same lens.Results: No significant differences in patient satisfaction rates were reported between the two cohorts. Spectacle independence was similar with 88% of Clareon Panoptix and 83% of AcrySof Panoptix patients having no need for any corrective lenses. Quality of vision was not statistically different with 7% of Clareon vs 15% of AcrySof patients reporting “very much” or more of glare/halo severity. Significantly more AcrySof (66%) than Clareon (42%) patients achieved a spherical equivalent outcome within 0.25 D of target. Best corrected distance visual acuity differences were not statistically significant, and no safety concerns were reported.Conclusion: The Clareon PanOptix trifocal lens provides similar satisfaction and spectacle independence and has a similar side effect profile and BCVA outcome to the identical lens made of the predecessor AcrySof lens.Plain Language Summary: In this prospective, non-interventional, open-label, multicenter analysis evaluating patient-reported outcomes 1 month after scheduled cataract surgery, patients had similar satisfaction and spectacle independence with the Clareon PanOptix and PanOptix Toric trifocal lenses when results were compared to a previous study of the same lenses made of the predecessor AcrySof lens.Keywords: cataract surgery, spectacle independence, glare, multifocal intraocular lens, lens material

Hyperspectral imaging has shown great promise for diagnostic applications, particularly in cancer surgery. However, non-bulk tissue-related spectral variations complicate the data analysis. Common techniques, such as standard normal variate normalization, often lead to a loss of amplitude and scattering information. This study investigates a novel approach to address these spectral variations in hyperspectral images of optical phantoms and excised human breast tissue. Our method separates surface and volume reflectance, hypothesizing that spectral variability arises from significant variations in surface reflectance across pixels. An illumination setup was developed to measure samples with a hyperspectral camera from different axial positions but with identical zenith angles. This configuration, combined with a novel data analysis approach, allows for the estimation and separation of surface reflectance for each direction and volume reflectance across all directions. Validated with optical phantoms, our method achieved an 83% reduction in spectral variability. Its functionality was further demonstrated in excised human breast tissue. Our method effectively addresses variations caused by surface reflectance or glare while conserving surface reflectance information, which may enhance sample analysis and evaluation. It benefits samples with unknown refractive index spectra and can be easily adapted and applied across a wide range of fields where hyperspectral imaging is used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial lighting systems are an integral part of production halls. These systems are typically used to supplement daylight, although in some cases they are the sole source of lighting in the workplace. Every artificial lighting system is accompanied by an unfavourable phenomenon: glare. This phenomenon is one of the main factors affecting the quantitative parameters of internal lighting systems. Glare needs to be reduced in each production area to ensure visual well-being, which is linked to the visual performance of employees and consequently affects the efficiency and productivity of production. Obtaining information about glare in a real system is a difficult and lengthy process. However, digital software tools can be used in a simulated environment to predict and reduce glare. This article addresses the issue of reducing glare in artificial lighting systems using a digital software solution. The introduction discusses the theoretical aspects of glare caused by artificial lighting systems. This is followed by a practical example using the simulation method with the Dialux Evo tool to reduce glare in the workplace. The conclusion of the article provides an analysis of the results achieved and offers recommendations for practical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lighting design, including both daylight and artificial light, significantly influence visual comfort and productivity of users, particularly in educational environments. Architecture students, for instance, spend most of their time in the studio, engaging in various activities. Each of these activities requires adequate illumination, especially for drawing and painting tasks. This study aims to evaluate the lighting quality in two design studios within the Department of Architecture at Umm Al-Qura University in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. In addition, it aims to realize the relationship between the illuminance design and the visual perception of the students. Data were collected through observation to obtain physical studio data and existing lighting design. DiaLux evo 12.1 software is used to simulate the lighting performance. User perception of the studio quality was obtained through a questionnaire distributed to students. The results show that the below-standard illumination level reflects on the students' responses. The study concluded that to create visually comfortable learning environments, task lighting should be utilized to ensure uniformity, and sunshades should be installed to mitigate harsh sunlight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exterior layer of the fuselage skin structure is made of Glass-Reinforced Fiber Metal Laminates (GLARE-FMLs). Hole quality is impacted by various force components during the drilling process. The process variables of drilling are optimized to obtain quality holes by controlling such force components. Because of the very limited works on optimizing the significant input process variables in getting quality drilled holes on FML plates, the present investigation is aimed to analyze the impact of varying the significant drilling process variables referred from the literature study and the wt.% of Layered Double Hydroxide (LDH) mixed with the epoxy, on the force components generated during the drilling process. The FML plates proposed in the study have been drilled based on the test plan prepared by Taguchi's DOE. Grey Relational Analysis has been used for discovering the best combination of process variables leading to good quality holes. Further, grey-fuzzy modeling technique has been employed to check the results of GRA. From the results, it is identified that 1000 rpm spindle speed, 20 mm/min feed rate and 4 wt.% inclusion of LDH to the epoxy resin combination within the considered range of input process variables were found to be the best input parameter combinations resulting in comparatively better output responses. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model has been generated to bridge the input variables with the outputs measured. The fitness of the generated ANN model has been checked and reported. The effect of varying the process variables on obtaining the quality drilled holes has been revealed using Main Effect Plots (MEPs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibre Metal Laminate (FML) is a damage-tolerant material being opted in modern aerospace industries. FML impact absorbing properties were studied for determining FML response against impact loading. The author contributed by experimentation of drop weight impacts on FML GLARE 6A samples. In this paper, the author reproduced drop weight impact simulation using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The author modeled GLARE FML, and a simulation of drop weight impact was performed using the explicit dynamics module of ANSYS. The drop weight impact method in Ansys was used to analyse the impact force effect on GLARE FML. Simulation results depicted drop weight impacts measured impact force, velocity, and energy vs time. Maximum deformation of plots was presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The specular reflectance of a surface is an important factor that determines the gloss and glare observed from a display. This study compares several different methods for measuring specular reflectance and demonstrates their accuracy relative to a goniometric BRDF measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]