Search

African integration is a concept that has gained new momentum in the world since the mid-1990s. This new trend also concerns West African States. The first attempts at regional integration had a first phase, during the 1960s and 1970s, and produced mixed results, often disappointing in terms of trade creation and acceleration of economic growth. The renewed interest in regional integration now raises the question of its influence on the economies of the countries concerned. New attempts made with regard to regional integration raise the question of its influence on the economies of the countries concerned, with the establishment of basic infrastructures. Among which, there are the road transport corridors, because they constitute the main means of communication in the region or the sub-region. Thus, based on a large literary review, qualitative and quantitative surveys near the Senegalese border control services, the Ministry of Transport and that of the economy and the budget, this present study sets as its main objective, to analyze the obstacles to the road transit of goods, services and people between Senegal and neighboring countries with a view to strengthening regional integration in the West African space. Thus the results first reveal that regional integration in West Africa in general and in particular between Senegal and its neighboring countries is strongly hampered by abnormal practices such as: road harassment, illicit perceptions on road transport corridors, the innumerable number of checkpoints, etc. ; then, they show that the road transport corridors that connect Senegal and neighboring countries mostly need to be rehabilitated or renovated and must be strengthened to; and finally, they show that the application of ECOWAS and UEMOA Decisions and Conventions would allow road transport corridors to be vectors and carriers of regional integration between Senegal and its neighboring countries.

La forte urbanisation de la ville de Ziguinchor et l'appauvrissement croissant de la population lié à la crise socioéconomique et politique née des politiques d’ajustement structurel, de la dévaluation du franc CFA, du conflit armé casamançais qui perdure depuis 38 ans et de la détérioration du niveau de vie des ruraux provoquée par les aléas climatiques poussent de nombreux citoyens à apprendre à se débrouiller comme ils le peuvent pour subvenir à leurs besoins et à ceux de leur famille. Cette bataille journalière pour la survie anime dés fois l'imagination de certaines personnes qui accaparent de façon informelle les abords de voiries pour exercer les petits métiers. Cette étude s'appuyant sur la revue littéraire, l'observation compréhensive, les enquêtes qualitatives et quantitatives vise à analyser les différentes perceptions, les diverses caractéristiques, ainsi que les logiques de fonctionnement interne des acteurs des petits métiers de rues qui occupent de façon informelle les abords de voiries dans la ville de Ziguinchor. Les résultats révèlent que 90 % des personnes enquêtées considèrent les petits métiers de rues comme un amortisseur social car ils permettent à la population de Ziguinchor de s'y réfugier au moment où l'économie dite conventionnelle suffoque. En outre, les acteurs des petits métiers des rues sont caractérisés par une population principalement jeune (68 %), en majorité féminine (75 %) et en chômage (85 %). Les petits métiers de rues se caractérisent par un ensemble d'activités hétérogènes, faisant appel à une main d'œuvre non organisée, des méthodes de travail précaires, le plus souvent non réglementées et non déclarées et qui se déroulent souvent en dehors du cadre réglementaire avec un manque de protection sociale. L'étude révèle aussi que les logiques de fonctionnement interne des petits métiers de rues reposent sur une solide stratification sociale basée sur des liens familiaux, coutumiers, culturels et religieux, Journal d’Economie, de Management, d’Environnement et de Droit, Vol 3, No 2 (2020)

Espace Géographique et Société Marocaine, No 36 (2020): Spécial: Etudes géographiques africaines

Espace Géographique et Société Marocaine, No 33-34 (2020): Spécial: hommage aux jeunes chercheurs africains

The mouth of the Casamance River, that works as a ria impacts on the estuarine environment of the islands of the lower Casamance. In these islands where the altitude is extremely low (2 to 3 m), silty deposits are almost flush. However, the small tributaries (locally called “bolongs”) that crisscross the islands are connected to the main reach of the Casamance River. They therefore have a salinity increasing upstream except at the end the rainy season when cumulated rainfall is important. Therefore, this contribution aims to be an analysis of the impacts of the inverse functioning of the Casamance estuary on the quality of the water and the agrosystems. To do this, the approach relies on a literature review, the collection of field data (observations, surveys, interviews, etc.) in the islands of Diogue, Carabane and Niomoune, and on GIS analysis. At the same time, surveys of GPS points and the measures in situ of salinity were conducted (wells and sources of water supply, estuary, and mouth). The results showed that the salinity directly affects the wells which here are usually the main sources of water supply. Shallow aquifers are affected by saline intrusion. Besides, the hydrologic conditions of the Casamance River, not allowing an exchange of fresh water permanent, leave a risk of consumption of water from the well which so far is intended for secondary purposes., Environmental and Water Sciences, public Health and Territorial Intelligence Journal, Vol. 3, No 3 (2019)