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As a clean and efficient advanced power generation equipment, the solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) has the structural advantages of separation of air and fuel gas, which makes it easy to enrich the CO2 in the tail gas of the fuel side. In order to improve the CO2 concentration in SOFC anode tail gas, a steady-state multi-physical coupled model was established for the commercial three-way catalysts, considering the mass transfer, heat transfer, and chemical reaction processes in the catalytic combustion of SOFC anode tail gas. Based on this model, the catalytic combustion characteristics of SOFC anode tail gas were simulated. The effects of different inlet temperature, reaction space velocities and catalyst sizes on combustion temperature, wall temperature, H2 conversion, CO conversion and outlet CO2 concentration were studied, and the change trend of each parameter was obtained. Based on the existing experiments, the outlet CO2 volume fraction could be increased from 94.72% to 95.33% by optimizing the space velocity, and the outlet CO2 concentration could be increased from 94.72% to 95.64% by optimizing the catalyst size. By analyzing the variation characteristics of outlet CO2 concentration under different working conditions in the catalytic combustion of tail gas, the guidance for the commercial three-way catalyst to be used in the catalytic conversion of anode tail gas and CO2 enrichment in the tail gas of SOFC system was provided.

Abstract Background The periplasmic High Temperature Requirement protein A (HtrA) plays important roles in bacterial protein folding and stress responses. However, the role of chlamydial HtrA (cHtrA) in chlamydial pathogenesis is not clear. Results The cHtrA was detected both inside and outside the chlamydial inclusions. The detection was specific since both polyclonal and monoclonal anti-cHtrA antibodies revealed similar intracellular labeling patterns that were only removed by absorption with cHtrA but not control fusion proteins. In a Western blot assay, the anti-cHtrA antibodies detected the endogenous cHtrA in Chlamydia-infected cells without cross-reacting with any other chlamydial or host cell antigens. Fractionation of the infected cells revealed cHtrA in the host cell cytosol fraction. The periplasmic cHtrA protein appeared to be actively secreted into host cell cytosol since no other chlamydial periplasmic proteins were detected in the host cell cytoplasm. Most chlamydial species secreted cHtrA into host cell cytosol and the secretion was not inhibitable by a type III secretion inhibitor. Conclusion Since it is hypothesized that chlamydial organisms possess a proteolysis strategy to manipulate host cell signaling pathways, secretion of the serine protease cHtrA into host cell cytosol suggests that the periplasmic cHtrA may also play an important role in chlamydial interactions with host cells.

Neutralizing monoclonal antibodies hold great potential for prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) acquisition. IgG is the most abundant antibody in human serum, has a long half-life, and potent effector functions, making it a prime candidate for an HIV prevention therapeutic. We combined Positron Emission Tomography imaging and fluorescent microscopy of 64Cu-labeled, photoactivatable-green fluorescent protein HIV (PA-GFP-BaL) and fluorescently labeled HGN194 IgG1 to determine whether intravenously instilled IgG influences viral interaction with mucosal barriers and viral penetration in colorectal tissue 2 h after rectal viral challenge. Our results show that IgG1 did not alter the number of virions found throughout the colon or viral penetration into the epithelium of the rectum or descending colon. A minor increase in virions was observed in the transverse colon of IgG1 treated animals. Overall, the number of viral particles found in the mesenteric lymph nodes was low. However, IgG1 administration resulted in a significant reduction of virions found in mesenteric lymph nodes. Taken together, our results show that HGN194 IgG1 does not prevent virions from penetrating into the colorectal mucosa but may perturb HIV virion access to the lymphatic system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Capacitive deionization (CDI) has attracted significant attention as a water treatment technology owing to its low cost, high efficiency, and eco‐friendliness. However, the unsatisfactory desalination performance of traditional electrode materials hinders the development of CDI. Herein, 1T‐MoS2/C hybrid microspheres are successfully fabricated through confinement and phase engineering strategies. The confinement effect of porous hollow carbon microspheres reduces the overgrowth and agglomeration of MoS2 nanosheets, which is beneficial for exposing more active sites and enhancing stability. Meanwhile, the 1T phase MoS2 displays high intrinsic conductivity and large interlayer spacing, which is conducive to rapid insertion/extraction of Na+. Consequently, 1T‐MoS2/C hybrid becomes a prospect electrode material for CDI, which showcases outstanding desalination capacity (48.1 mg/g at 1.2 V), eminent desalination rate as well as exceptional stability. Moreover, the desalination mechanisms are clarified through various characterizations and density functional theory calculations. This study provides new perspectives on designing high‐performance MoS2‐based CDI electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]