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Objective: To report the prevalence of pNK≥12% and its relationship with RPL in a population of Mexican women. Methods: Retrospective, cross sectional and observational study which included 98 women with history of RPL, who were subjected to a blood test sample to measure pNK cell and prevent complications in further pregnancies. Two groups were formed: 1) CONTROL and 2) RPL: Women with history of 2 or more miscarriages. Results: Women in the RPL group were older and had higher BMI compared to the Control group. Prevalence of patient whit pNK≥12% increase in the RPL vs Control. RPL group showed a significant increase of pNK≥1% compared to the Control (11.3±0.5 vs 9.5±0.6%, p=0.002). Finally, the median level of pNK≥12% in the PRL group was higher than Control (15.1±0.5 vs 13.5±0.8%). Conclusion: RPL may be the result of increased pNK concentrations and as observed in this study, slightly more than 50% of the Mexican population could be susceptible to abortions.

Background: Labor is a physiological process during which the fetus, the membranes, the umbilical cord and the placenta are expelled from the uterus and water delivery has become popular, although its prevalence is unknown, it is supported by healthy women with full-term pregnancies, without complications; although there is insufficient evidence to support or discourage it. Objective: To identify obstetric and neonatal outcomes and complications in women who delivered in water and to compare them with traditional deliveries. Material and methods: It is a retrospective, observational and cross-sectional study, where 2486 women were included from a database of 4223 women assisted from 2004 to 2020 in private hospitals; Of the 2486 patients included, 1025 had a water delivery and 1461 had a conventional delivery, discarding 1737 women who underwent caesarean section from the study. The information obtained from the patients, their data obtained for this study were kept in the anonymity of the patients, where they were analyzed: non-parametric data reported in percentages using Chi square; Parametric, perinatal and neonatal data are reported as mean plus standard deviation (±SD) and analyzed using Student's T, using the SPSS version 25 statistical package. Results: A total of 2486 women were included in this study, the birth in 1025 was water delivery (24%) and 1461 was conventional delivery (35%), 1737 caesarean section (41%) were excluded from the study, no difference was observed maternal age; unlike weight, height, body mass index; they were higher in women with water birth compared to conventional. No difference was demonstrated between nulliparous (45.99%) and multiparous (53.86%) when comparing both birth in water and conventional; only increase in previous caesarean sections (9.36 vs 6.5%, p=0.008) and decrease in previous abortions (16.19 vs 20.94%, p=0.002) in water delivery with the conventional one; complications were not different: administration of oxytocin (3.2 vs 3.1) or postpartum hemorrhage (0.29 vs 0.13) in both deliveries; no differences in first degree perineal tears (21.4 vs 18.5%). Conclusion: Water birth reduces stress, pain sensation, second and third degree perineal lacerations and contributes to better newborn outcomes; the selection and inclusion of patients with low-risk pregnancies allows better perinatal results than conventional delivery; but, further studies are required to use it routinely.

Additional file 1. Proposed photocatalytic degradation mechanism for the azo dye, reactive black 5 with TiO2 and ZnO-based catalysts.

La situación de pobreza endémica de carbono orgánico de los cultivos leñosos españoles es bien conocida. El laboreo excesivo mineraliza la materia orgánica y degrada los suelos agrícolas. El manejo mediante cubiertas vegetales puede sustituir al laboreo para aumentar el carbono orgánico del suelo, mejorar sus características y ser un sumidero más eficaz. Se presentan resultados de carbono orgánico oxidable y disuelto (COD) en un viñedo del centro España tras 10 años de manejo con laboreo y con cubiertas vegetales espontáneas segadas en calles alternas. Se estudian 3 capas del suelo, hasta 50cm de profundidad. Los cambios son evidentes en superficie, hasta unos 20cm, donde la materia orgánica aumenta desde 1.8 con laboreo hasta 2.5 % con cubiertas, también aumenta el COD, de 8.9 a 10.5 mg/L. No se han detectado diferencias significativas en las capas más profundas (35 y 50cm), pero se ha observado una tendencia clara a que el COD aumente en relación al contenido de carbono orgánico a 50cm. El desplazamiento del COD hacia horizontes más profundos se interpreta como una nueva ventaja de las cubiertas para mejorar la capacidad de secuestro de carbono a más largo plazo de estos suelos agrícolas., Revista de Ciências Agrárias, Vol. 45 N.º 4 (2022)

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL)is a fatal disease caused by the protozoa Leishmania infantum for which dogs are the main reservoirs. A vaccine against canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) could be an important tool in the control of human and CVL by reducing the infection pressure of L. infantum. Despite the CVL vaccine available on the market, the Brazilian Ministry of Health did not implement the use of it in their control programs. In this sense, there is an urgent need to develop more efficient vaccines. In this study, the association between two polymeric nanoformulations, [poly (D, L-lactic) acid (PLA) polymer] loading Leishmania amazonensis antigens, was evaluated as a potential immunobiological agent against VL using golden hamsters as an experimental model. The results indicated that no significant adverse reactions were observed in animals vaccinated with LAPSmP. LAPSmP presented similar levels of total anti-Leishmania IgG as compared to LAPSmG. The LAPSmP and LAPSmG groups showed an intense reduction in liver and spleen parasitic load by qPCR. The LAPSmP and LAPSmG vaccines showed exceptional results, indicating that they may be promising candidates as a VL vaccine.

Background: Colonoscopy attendance is a key quality parameter in colorectal cancer population screening programmes. Within these programmes, educative interventions with bidirectional contact carried out by trained personnel have been proved to be an important tool for colonoscopy attendance improvement, and because of its huge clinical and economic impact, they have been widely implemented. However, outside of this population programmes, educative measures to improve colonoscopy attendance have been poorly studied and no navigation interventions are usually performed. Aim: To investigate the clinical and economic impacts of an educational telephone intervention on colonoscopy attendance outside colorectal cancer screening programmes. Methods: This randomized controlled trial included consecutive patients referred to colonoscopy from primary care centres from November 2017 to May 2018. The intervention group (IG) received a telephone intervention, while the control group (CG) did not. Patients assigned to the IG received an educational telephone call 7 d before the colonoscopy appointment. The intervention was carried out by two nurses with deep endoscopic knowledge who were previously trained for a telephone educational intervention for colonoscopy. The impact on patient compliance with preparedness protocols related to bowel cleansing, anti-thrombotic management, and sedation scheduling was also evaluated. A second call was conducted to assess patient satisfaction. Intention-to-treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analyses were performed. Results: A total of 738 and 746 patients were finally included in the IG and CG respectively. Six hundred thirteen (83%) patients were contacted in the IG. The non-attendance rate was lower in the IG, both in the ITT analysis (IG 8.4% vs CG 14.3%, P < 0.001) and in the PP analysis (4.4% vs 14.3%, P < 0.001). In a multivariable analysis, belonging to the control group increased the risk of non-attendance in both, the ITT analysis (OR 1.81, 95%CI: 1.27 to 2.58, P = 0.001) and the PP analysis (OR 3.56, 95%CI: 2.25 to 5.64, P < 0.001). There was also a significant difference in compliance with preparedness protocols [bowel cleansing: IG 61.7% vs CG 52.6% (P = 0.001), antithrombotic management: IG 92.5% vs CG 62.8% (P = 0.001), and sedation scheduling: IG 78.8% vs CG 0% (P ≤ 0.001)]. We observed a net benefit of €55600/year after the intervention. The information given before the procedure was rated as excellent by 26% (CG) and 51% (IG) of patients, P ≤ 0.001. Conclusion: Educational telephone nurse intervention improves attendance, protocol compliance and patient satisfaction in the non-screening colonoscopy setting and has a large economic impact, which supports its imple-mentation and maintenance over time.

Based on an analysis of six texts from three anthologies of Guatemalan short stories, I endeavor to understand some of the representative features of the poetics of 20th and 21st century writers in relation to the concerns they reveal, in keeping with the times in which they were written. In this sense, I also try to encourage dialogue between the diachronic vision of the first anthology with the regionalism of the second, while recognizing the newest writers of the third anthology., A partir de una selección de seis textos de tres antologías de cuentos guatemaltecos se hace un análisis que dé cuenta de algunos de los rasgos representativos de la poética de distintos escritores del siglo XX y la primera década del siglo XXI en relación con las preocupaciones que muestran de acuerdo con el momento de la enunciación. En este sentido, se busca, además, poner en diálogo la visión diacrónica de la primera antología, con el regionalismo de la segunda y el reconocimiento de los novísimos escritores de la tercera.