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There is a well-known idiom uttered when someone doesn't understand: It's all Greek to me! The Greek language has two words for the English word time. One is a verb; the other is a noun. Advisors know the noun version well, but for clients, the verb version is more important because it means sensing opportunity. How confident are clients in making decisions? There are difficult questions without easy answers in financial planning. Some things might be all Greek to clients, but success can come when advisors focus on education and professionalism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to investigate the interplay of lexical and grammatical development in school-aged Greek-Albanian bilingual children by providing evidence both from majority, Greek, and heritage, Albanian. To this end, 47 8 to 10-year-old bilingual children were tested by means of expressive vocabulary tests in Greek and in Albanian, while their grammatical skills were evaluated by means of the LITMUS Sentence Repetition Task administered in both languages. Additionally, input-related measures in both languages, such as oral language practices, literacy, and educational practices were used to assess the bilingual experience and examine how it would correlate with lexical and grammatical skills. The analysis showed that within each language, lexical and grammatical skills were closely related both for the majority and the heritage language, while when examining across-language effects, grammatical skills in the heritage language were correlated with grammatical skills in the majority language. Concerning the role of input, we found that input in the heritage language supported skills both in the heritage and the majority language. The study's contribution is that by providing novel evidence from this specific language pair it shows that supporting the use of heritage language can boost language skills in both languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates the effects of performance goals, performance-approach and performance-avoidance, within the nonlinear dynamical systems perspective. The issue is revisited, by applying cusp catastrophe models on students' performance in language learning using achievement goal orientations as control variables. Data were taken from two separate studies: the first examined Ancient Greek and the second Modern Greek language, engaging 181 and 543 students respectively, both at seventh grade. The force field dynamics was the conceptual model, which was tested via cusp analysis employing the difference between the two performance goals as the asymmetry factor and their sum as the bifurcation factor, respectively. The cups models were proved superior to their linear alternatives. The findings, being in line with previous reports, establish the complex dynamical system perspective in educational psychology, whereas discussion is provided regarding the implications for current goal theories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study explores the field of text classification in the Greek language. A novel ensemble classification scheme based on generated embeddings from Greek text made by the multilingual capabilities of the E5 model is presented. Our approach incorporates partial transfer learning by using pre-trained models to extract embeddings, enabling the evaluation of classical classifiers on Greek data. Additionally, we enhance the predictive capability while maintaining the costs low by employing a soft voting combination scheme that exploits the strengths of XGBoost, K-nearest neighbors, and logistic regression. This method significantly improves all classification metrics, demonstrating the superiority of ensemble techniques in handling the complexity of Greek textual data. Our study contributes to the field of natural language processing by proposing an effective ensemble framework for the categorization of Greek texts, leveraging the advantages of both traditional and modern machine learning techniques. This framework has the potential to be applied to other less-resourced languages, thereby broadening the impact of our research beyond Greek language processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The home learning environment (HLE) is the first environment in which children's early learning takes place. A number of studies have provided empirical evidence that the HLE contributes to children's cognitive, socio-emotional development. This study addresses the question of the factors that can be associated with creating a positive learning environment for children at home. Pilot quantitative data was collected from 324 families through a questionnaire about the activities parents get involved with their children. The frequency of reading-related activities as well as other in-home and out-of-home learning activities was calculated. Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed to assess the relationship between parent education levels and activities within the HLE. Questionnaire reliability was examined using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. The results showed that the gender and educational level of parents had no influence on the frequency of their involvement in the activities or the type of activities they chose to engage. However, the parents' educational level has an impact on their beliefs, which influence the provision of learning opportunities and the quantity and quality of parent-child interactions. Further research on parental guidance or children's academic performance could collect more information on the factors that can create a more stimulating HLE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous investigations have consistently underscored the impact of societal stigma on the well-being of transgender individuals. The primary objective of the current research is to translate and adapt the Attitudes Toward Transgendered Individuals Scale into the Greek language. This scale specifically assesses stigma, excluding components such as discreteness and violence, and is tailored to evaluate individuals within the general populace. Employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and assessing gender metric equivalence, the analyses yielded highly favorable outcomes, demonstrating excellent scale fit, reliability, and construct validity, reflecting the robustness of the adapted tool for the Greek population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text classification (TC) is a subtask of natural language processing (NLP) that categorizes text pieces into predefined classes based on their textual content and thematic aspects. This process typically includes the training of a Machine Learning (ML) model on a labeled dataset, where each text example is associated with a specific class. Recent progress in Deep Learning (DL) enabled the development of deep neural transformer models, surpassing traditional ML ones. In any case, works of the topic classification literature prioritize high-resource languages, particularly English, while research efforts for low-resource ones, such as Greek, are limited. Taking the above into consideration, this paper presents: (i) the first Greek social media topic classification dataset; (ii) a comparative assessment of a series of traditional ML models trained on this dataset, utilizing an array of text vectorization methods including TF-IDF, classical word and transformer-based Greek embeddings; (iii) a fine-tuned GREEK-BERT-based TC model on the same dataset; (iv) key empirical findings demonstrating that transformer-based embeddings significantly increase the performance of traditional ML models, while our fine-tuned DL model outperforms previous ones. The dataset, the best-performing model, and the experimental code are made public, aiming to augment the reproducibility of this work and advance future research in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article argues that the Odyssean hapax ἐπιλλίζω (Od. 18.11) does not mean 'to wink', as traditionally assumed, but 'to harass, to provoke', and is the verbal base of the adverb ἐπι (λ) λίγδην 'grazing', said of a projectile. It belongs to the PIE root * sleig̑ - 'to rub' (rather than 'to slide'). The Odyssey only features the metaphoric use of the verb, but the proper meaning is preserved in Nicander's fr. 100 ἐπιλλίζοντας ὀϊστούς. Apollonius of Rhodes uses ἐπιλλίζω in agreement with the Odyssean meaning 'to provoke'. Later, two reinterpretations occurred. The traditional understanding of 'to wink' results from a synchronic etymology relating ἐπιλλίζω to ἰλλός 'squint-eyed': this accounts for Nicander's use of ἐπιλλίζω (Ther. 163) and is therefore older than the 2nd c. BCE. Later on, Nicander's ἐπιλλίζοντας (fr. 100) was erroneously related to λίγξε '(the bow) groaned' by Greek grammarians, and wrongly translated 'whizzing'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the title indicates, this article deals with the origins of anatomic terminology and its development up to the present day. The first attempt to name anatomical structures in animals and humans date back to Alkmaion, i.e. to the fifth century BC. Further work has been done at the same time by the Hippocratics and about 100 years later by Aristotle. As the Alexandrians Erasistratos and Herophilos first in history dissected human bodies, they expanded the anatomical terms. Until Celsus (around Christ's birth) and even later on, anatomical terminology was almost exclusively based on the Greek language. Thus, Celsus and not—as frequently done—Galenos has to be called the father of Latin-based anatomical terminology. Due to several translations including Arabic, first periods of proverbial Bable resulted. Return to systematic order was achieved finally by Andreas Vesal (1514/15–1564) and Caspar Bauhin (1560–1624). But again due to translations into several national languages, the uniformity of the anatomical nomenclature was undermined. Thus, by the end of the nineteenth century, in 1895 the newly founded Anatomische Gesellschaft created a uniform terminology, the Basle Nomina Anatomica (BNA). Although it has been revised several times, it is still the very basic of human anatomical terminology. Recently, an attempt was made to replace it by English translations of the original Latin (and also still Greek) terms to mainly get machine-readable denominations. As this will result again in non-uniformity of terminology, the Anatomische Gesellschaft proposes a version of the latest, generally accepted terminology, based on the Latin terms but incorporating recent developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a construction marginally found in Ancient Greek is addressed, namely the participial clause, which is a clause whose main verb is a participle. This construction displays a considerable increase in frequency in Biblical Greek (mainly between the 2nd century bce and the 2nd century ce), which is the language found in Judaeo-Christian literature and which features, in various ways and to various degrees, the influence of Semitic languages. Since the participial clause is a very common construction in these tongues, wherein it even exhibits increasing productivity and frequency at the time at issue, I suggest that the frequency increase observed in Greek should be attributed to the influence of these Semitic languages, with a crucial role played by multilingualism. The issue is addressed from the perspective of language contact, which provides the theoretical and terminological frame by which the phenomenon is individuated and defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jewish minority in Byzantium in the ninth to twelfth centuries was mainly Greek-speaking, as is now clear from the Cairo Genizah discoveries. However, Greek education was rare, and it was Hebrew that served as the written and learned language, as well as for prayer and bible reading. A unique, artificial form of Greek was used to translate bible readings: it combined Greek vocabulary with Hebrew syntax. Aramaic was used in synagogues for specific liturgical purposes. Latin is attested locally in south Italy, and there is evidence of a use of Arabic in the east, mainly among immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Idioms differ from other forms of figurative language because of their dimensions of subjective frequency, ambiguity (possibility of having a literal interpretation), and decomposability (possibility of the idiom's words to assist in its figurative interpretation). This study focuses on the Greek language and aims at providing the first corpus of 400 Greek idioms rated for their dimensions by 113 native Greek students, aged 19 to 39 years. The study aimed at (1) rating all idioms for their degree of subjective frequency, ambiguity, and decomposability, and (2) investigating the relationships between these dimensions. Three different assessments were conducted, during which the participants were asked to evaluate the degree of idioms' subjective frequency, ambiguity, and decomposability. The idioms were selected from a dictionary of Greek idioms titled "Dictionary of Idioms in Modern Greek" (Vlaxopoulos, 2007). This study resulted in the first database of Greek idioms assessed for their dimensions. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) (two-way mixed, absolute agreement) demonstrated high internal consistency in the ratings given for each dimension, for the same idiom, by the different individual raters. Correlational analyses showed that subjective frequency was positively moderately correlated with decomposability, and positively weakly correlated with ambiguity, while decomposability was positively moderately correlated with ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interest in the intangible cultural heritage of minority and Indigenous communities has grown in recent years. Minority languages are often a key element of this heritage but require constant safeguarding and practice to be available for future generations. The linguistic landscapes of (in)tangible cultural heritage museums can play a crucial role in this. In this study, the linguistic landscape of the ‘Gerhard Rohlfs’ Museum of the Calabrian Greek Language is therefore explored to understand how it can contribute to the safeguarding of a severely endangered language. A linguistic landscape analysis of 248 photographs revealed a significant presence of Calabrian Greek (Greko), reflecting a more equal status and prestige compared to Italian. The most widely used language, however, was Italian, ensuring museum content was accessible to the presumed main target audience. The lack of English suggests lower international visitor numbers, potentially benefiting the safeguarding of Calabrian Greek by reducing competition with another majority language. The findings thus demonstrate how language choices can support safeguarding measures for languages as intangible cultural heritage, through challenging language hierarchies and hegemonies. Further research should explore tourists’ and locals’ perceptions of such museums and the potential use of minority or endangered languages as sustainable tourism resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Obnovljeni zivot is the property of University of Zagreb, Society of Jesus and Faculty of Philosophy & Religious Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Septuagint Kingdoms, the Greek translation of Samuel-Kings, has an ambiguous linguistic reputation. While scholars sometimes note natural linguistic features, its isomorphic and literal translation style is typically emphasised. This ambiguity has apparently caused several scholars to misinterpret LXX 1 Kgdms 3:2, which uses the verb βαρύνω in reference to the failing eyesight of the priest Eli. When examined against other evidence, notably Euripides' Alcestis , Kingdoms is shown to use a natural though poorly attested Greek expression meaning "go blind." This paper demonstrates the natural idiomatic use of βαρύνω in 1 Kgdms 3:2 and shows its value in refining our understanding of "heavy eyes" in other non-translation Greek texts. More broadly, it promotes the reading of the LXX against the wider history of the Greek language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this longitudinal study was to examine the development of spelling in a large sample (N = 503, boys: N = 219) of Greek-speaking children with (N = 41) and without (N = 462) reading difficulties. Children were initially tested in Grades 2–4 and then at five consecutive measurement points over a 3-year period, focusing on how initial reading ability, grade, and gender may moderate the rate of spelling growth. Individual growth curve modeling revealed continuous growth of spelling performance in the total sample, although the growth rate decreased over time for children first tested in Grades 3–4. Spelling growth rate was also significantly slower among children with reading difficulties between Grades 2–4 and 3–5. The two reading groups displayed similar growth rates between Grades 4 and 6. Spelling growth rates did not vary significantly with gender. Overall, our study highlights the persistence of spelling difficulties even after 6 years of systematic teaching in children with reading difficulties. The severe and persistent spelling deficits of Greek-speaking children with reading difficulties may be attributed to the rich morphological system of the Greek language, the intermediate Greek orthographic transparency (in the direction of writing), and their limited experience with print. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Prace Jezykoznawcze is the property of University of Warmia & Mazury in Olsztyn and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hermeneutics is the art of understanding, guided by the analytical principles of making oneself understood. It can be studied as an understanding of integrating the grasped knowledge into a meaningful whole that goes beyond merely receiving and passing information. The word 'hermeneutics' comes from the ancient Greek language [hermeneuein = to utter, to explain, to translate] and was first represented as how divine messages or mental ideas are expressed in human language as an expression of inner thoughts. The word has also been associated with the winged messenger god Hermes, who relays divine tidings to mortals as an eloquent speaker and cunning trickster. Our modern culture tends to think that real knowledge consists of quantification, that is, the scientific numerical description of things in the world. On this account, objective truth requires an impersonal, theoritical stance towards things. Hermeneutic philosophers contend, on the contrary, that our primary mode of perception is not theoretical but practical and depends on our current desires or interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hypnos is the property of Hypnos / Instituto Hypnos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Diachronica is the property of John Benjamins Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In pulcherrimum Ioseph (IpJ), a retelling of the life of "the most beautiful Joseph," appears among the Greek writings of the Syriac Church Father Ephraem and is preserved in at least seven languages: Greek, Latin, Coptic, Armenian, Arabic, Slavonic, and Georgian. Most scholars agree that The Life of Joseph/In pulcherrimum Ioseph was neither written by Ephraem nor in Syriac but was originally written in Greek. Some find, however, a substantial overlap with the Syriac Joseph traditions. A Greek papyrus from the sixth to seventh century provides the earliest material evidence. Beyond the first 120 lines of the Joseph-Christ typology, the retelling of the Joseph story contains no unambiguous Christian features. This article argues that the text is likely a composition of three different parts. After introducing IpJ and its characteristics, I present an overview of manuscripts and editions to illustrate its extraordinary popularity and several Sitz im Leben of this particular Joseph story. Finally, I will return to the question of provenance and place this specific retelling of Gen 37–46 within Jewish and Christian debates on the biblical Joseph. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Gugging Swallowing Screen (GUSS) is a bedside dysphagia screening tool that has been designed to determine the risk of aspiration in acute stroke patients. There is no evidence in the literature for the GUSS for the pediatric population. The present study aimed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of GUSS as a screening tool in the Greek language for children with dysphagia. Methods: Eighty‐Greek‐Cypriot children aged 3–12 years who had dysphagia participated in this retrospective study. The translated into Greek GUSS was administered twice (pre‐ and post‐therapy) to each patient throughout 24 sessions of dysphagia therapy. Key Results: The GUSS showed a high internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.826), good test–retest reliability (rs = 0.767), convergent validity compared to the Greek Pediatric Eating Assessment tool‐10 (PEDI‐EAT‐10) total score (rs = −0.365), and inter‐rater reliability (κ = 0.863). A total cutoff points equal to 13.00 was also calculated. Aspiration was identified by the GUSS with low sensitivity and high specificity (PPV 100%, NPV 57%, LR+ NA, LR− 0.79); dysphagia/penetration was identified with high sensitivity and low specificity (PPV 33%, NPV 100%, LR+ 0.102, LR− NA). Conclusions & Inferences: The pediatric version of GUSS has been found to be a valuable tool in identifying the risk of aspiration as that of adults. It proved to be used as a good screening guide for selecting and confirming the existence of dysphagia from instrumental assessments. This is the first study of the pediatric version of GUSS, and future studies on this topic are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Translating and validating the Greek version of the Patient Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) was our goal. A parallel backtranslation process was used to translate POEM. A total of fiftynine adult atopic dermatitis patients were enlisted to assess validity and reliability. Through patient interviews with physicians, a questionnaire comprising demographics, POEM, and the dermatology life quality index (DLQI) was filled out. 3-7 days after the first visit, a second POEM completion was conducted. The POEM items conducted with study participants demonstrated a good level of internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.88), and no overall floor and ceiling effects were found. There was a significant correlation between the DLQI and POEM scores (Spearman rho =0.71; p<0.001). The POEM score between interviews showed an average intraclass correlation coefficient (95% confidence interval) of 0.89 (0.80, 0.94), indicating good to excellent test-retest reliability. Patient-reported outcome measures are becoming more and more common in Greece, so it's critical to have access to Greek translations of validated instruments that are frequently used in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Enabling patients to actively document their health information significantly improves understanding of how therapies work, disease progression, and overall life quality affects for those living with chronic disorders such as hematologic malignancies. Advancements in artificial intelligence, particularly in areas such as natural language processing and speech recognition, have resulted in the development of interactive tools tailored for healthcare. This paper introduces an innovative conversational agent tailored to the Greek language. The design and deployment of this tool, which incorporates sentiment analysis, aims at gathering detailed family histories and symptom data from individuals diagnosed with hematologic malignancies. Furthermore, we discuss the preliminary findings from a feasibility study assessing the tool's effectiveness. Initial feedback on the user experience suggests a positive reception towards the agent's usability, highlighting its potential to enhance patient engagement in a clinical setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers a scholarly overview of the historical translations and reviews of the Bible from Greek sources. It lists the historical ancient manuscript translations that have become widely accepted canonical models, known as the “Biblical canon” in the translations of the Holy Scriptures. The tradition of these translations is with extremely wide boundaries in chronological and linguistic terms is of interest for understanding the origin and semantics of the modern Synodal translation of the Bible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the vast literature on language attrition, studies on the role of extralinguistic factors in language retention, particularly concerning foreign language (FL) skills acquired in formal instructional contexts, are scarce. We address this issue by focusing on the impact of the frequency of FL use, both extramural and in the classroom, and motivation on the retention of written production skills. FL performance of Greek learners of French (N = 19) was assessed longitudinally (at the end of the instructional period and 12 months later) across two tasks: a C-test and a written narrative task. Findings generally showed a positive influence of language use and motivation on FL retention, but their impact varied across the tasks. In the C-test, results revealed a significant beneficial effect of extramural language use for communication purposes and motivation on participants' general linguistic skills, while lexical diversity in the written narrative task was positively influenced by the learners' personal involvement when using French as well as oral FL use in the classroom. Findings allow us to deepen insights from former studies and suggest that FL attrition research should favour longitudinal approaches in order to shed light on the complex interactions between extralinguistic factors in FL retention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Alopecia areata (AA) affects approximately 2% of the general population and is associated with significant psychosocial morbidity and poor health-related quality of life. Despite the high incidence of the disease the available clinical practice guidelines to help clinicians and improve patients' care are very poor and of a low methodological quality, as compared to other high-burden dermatoses. The aim of this survey is to capture the current clinical practice in AA management, as performed by dermatologists, in two Mediterranean countries to identify potential disparities and gaps in diagnosis and treatment. Methods: A 50-item questionnaire was created in the English language and then translated into Greek and Italian language and sent to the Greek and Italian dermatologists via email. Results: A total of 490 dermatologists from Italy and 234 from Greece participated in the survey. The diagnosis of AA is usually based on history and clinical examination, supported by trichoscopy. The rate of use of severity scores and scales to evaluate impact on quality of life by dermatologists was low. Treatment of patchy AA, in both adult and pediatric populations, is based on use of topical steroids as first-line treatment. Results on special site involvement (eyebrows, beard, and ophiasis), chronic cases, and the pediatric population highlight extreme heterogeneity in treatment approach. Conclusions: Our results highlight that management of AA, in terms of diagnosis and treatment, is still challenging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Greek version of Claudius Galen’s On the Usefulness of the Parts [Περὶ χρησέως μορίων: Peri chrēséōs moríōn], an important book in terms of both the history of medicine and theology, has survived to this day. This work by Galen was translated into Arabic under the name Fī Manāfi’ al-’Adā’ by Ḥunayn Ibn ‘Isḥāq in Baghdad in the 9th century during the translation movement in the Islamic civilization. This article aims to observe the changes Ḥunayn made in the text by generally focusing on specific terms and phrases. Particularly, this will be achieved by comparing the English translation of Galen’s Greek original work with its Arabic translation. And this will be specifically accomplished by drawing attention to Ḥunayn’s method and approach of translation in adapting Galen’s work On the Usefulness of the Parts to Islamic culture. It is clear that the term “Islamic culture” encompasses a vast array of concepts. However, for the purposes of this article, our focus will be on Islam’s robust monotheistic principles, its rejection of pagan notions, and the unique phrases that can be traced back to the Qur’ān. Elvira Wakelnig described this translation approach as a method wherein the “Greek material was clothed in Islamic garb”. The reason for choosing this particular book stems from the fact that its topic is closely related to rational theology and it has arrived to us in a complete form in both its original Greek language as well as in its Arabic translation made by Ḥunayn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the genre of biblical paraphrase or metaphrase in verse as a derivation of the rhetorical technique of rewriting of previous Classical and prestigious models, developed from Late Antiquity to the late Byzantine period. The article consists of a methodological and conceptual introduction, where the concept of rewriting and metaphrastic techniques are described. In the following sections, there is a chronological account of the different Greek biblical paraphrases, with an analysis of formal aspects, the authors and their motivations, as well as the contexts of diffusion of each text. The review of the not very numerous paraphrastic poems based in passages of Holy Scriptures in the Greek language proves the continuity of the genre in scholastic contexts and in intellectual and aristocratic environments. Although early paraphrases had a didactic and evangelizing function, the aesthetic function is always the fundamental one in this literary type, which maintains formal models throughout its whole itinerary but changes its forms according to the tastes of the times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a comprehensive historical overview of the formation and evolution of English veterinary terminology. Beginning with the ancient roots of veterinary medicine and the influence of Latin and Greek languages, the narrative traces the development of veterinary terminology through various historical periods, including the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the Enlightenment. The article highlights key milestones and influences that shaped the vocabulary of veterinary medicine, such as advancements in anatomical understanding, the establishment of veterinary schools, and the emergence of standardized scientific nomenclature. Furthermore, the article explores the impact of cultural, linguistic, and technological factors on the enrichment and refinement of English veterinary terminology over time. By illuminating the historical context of veterinary language, this article offers valuable insights into the linguistic heritage and evolution of veterinary medicine, contributing to a deeper understanding of its contemporary terminology and practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on analyzing a comedic text from the Philogelos collection, specifically examining a humorous interaction between a governor and his assessor during a visit to a vineyard. It explores textual ambiguities and proposes interpretations regarding the use of certain Greek words and their potential meanings in context. It sheds light on how ancient comedic literature employed satire and wordplay to entertain and comment on social and political situations.

We examine three constructions across several languages in which a mass noun is embedded in what appears to be a count environment, but the construction as a whole remains mass. We argue that the discussed phenomena—"Q-noun" constructions like lots of water, bare measure constructions like kilos of sugar, and pluralised mass nouns in languages like Greek and Persian—all involve portioning-out of the embedded mass denotation. We provide a structural account of portioning out and propose structures that derive both mass and count portioning out. Adopting an overlap-based approach to the mass/count distinction (e.g. Landman 2011; Rothstein 2011; Khrizman et al. 2015; Landman 2016) we provide a compositional semantics for the proposed structures. The examined phenomena all share an inference of large quantity or abundance that, we argue, cannot be reduced to the lexical meaning of the portioning-out expression, nor to a multiplicity inference contributed by plural morphology. We show that our cases of mass portioning-out involve a total order ≤ on portion size and propose to analyse the abundance inference in terms of an uninformativity-based Quantity implicature, following the analysis of the positive form (Mary is tall) in Rett's (2015) approach to adjectival gradability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RumeliDE Journal of Language & Literature Research / RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi is the property of RumeliDE Uluslararasi Hakemli Dil & Edebiyat Arastirmalari Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The term parasite is a word originating from Greek language and it means someone who feeds from others' table. Humans are hosts to nearly 300 species of parasitic worms and over 70 species of protozoa. Tasks and goals - to make a retrospective analysis of rare cases of eye parasitoses in our practice. Materials and methods - patients were investigated for the period of 15 years in Eye Clinic „St. Nikolay"-Varna. The clinical cases noted concern eye diseases caused by Dirofilaria, Thelazia and Demodex. Results - for 15 years time, from 2008 to 2023 these has been one case of Dirofilaria of the eyelid, one case of Thelazia of the conjunctiva and Demodex-blepharitis in 6 patients. All of them had no reported travel abroad or contact with exotic animals. In Bulgaria, apart from our case with Thelasia, no similar case has been described, especially for such a small baby. In the case of demodex-blepharitis, we consider it a disadvantage that we have not referred our patients for parasitological examination more often. Conclusion - Cases in humans with parasites with ocular localization are relatively rare, but aren't casuistry. We should search for them actively and think of differential diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peter Litwan: The Epitaph of Sebastian Castellio in the Cloisters of Basel Cathedral Observations and Comments on the Wording and Transmission The epitaph in the cloisters of Basel Cathedral that grateful students donated to their Greek language instructor, Sebastian Castellio (1515 - 1563), pioneer of the idea of religious tolerance, has long since disappeared. Its text was passed on as an appendix to the edition of Dialogorum sacrorum libri quatuor of 1565 and in many collections of epitaphs and historical monographs, above all of the 16th and 17th century, and further on way into the 19th century. Since the respective wordings differ at times, an analysis of the oldest testimony of 1565 and the comparison with later printings furnishes proof of what the original wording must have been. By doing so, above all the extraordinary opening and the stylistic construction is being paid tribute to and the existence of a single sheet print is being discussed. The remarkable result of the analysis is that in the later editions of Dialogi the wording of the epitaph was mostly rendered correctly, whereas the printings pretending to have copied the text from the original epitaph in the cloisters are less reliable. Many reprints apart from the Dialogi-editions adopt the variations of the first Basle printings in various ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BABUR is the property of BABUR and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lusitania Sacra is the property of Universidade Catolica Portuguesa, Centro de Estudos de Historia Religiosa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the 1st century BC, Cilicia faced a complex political landscape with the declining authority of the Seleucid Empire. The arrival of the Romans in the region led to a significant change, bringing increased political stability and the suppression of piracy. However, Cilicia's transformation into a Roman province was a gradual process, and it was characterized by significant changes, particularly in terms of language. Local languages coexisted with Greek until Greek gained prominence. Even then, local cults persisted in certain settlements. Remarkably, the Roman presence did not immediately alter the linguistic landscape, as no Latin inscriptions dating before the Sullan period have been found in Cilicia. This suggests that Greek remained the primary language in daily life during the early Roman period. Furthermore, archaeological evidence indicates that Latin was primarily used in administrative contexts, such as milestones, as Cilicia transitioned into a Roman province. This linguistic diversity provides a unique perspective on the region's cultural amalgamation. Hence, this article presents a theoretical framework for understanding the linguistic changes driven by Roman influence by shedding light on their political and social implications to assess how effectively the local population embraced these changes. Through an analysis of Latin integration in both administrative and everyday contexts, it aims to gain insight into its power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Case conflict in relative clauses is observed when a relative pronoun carries Case different from the one associated with its base position. Instead, it appears with Case that is identical to Case of its antecedent that is external to the relative clause. This phenomenon - commonly referred to as Case Attraction - is attested in languages such as Ancient Greek, Latin, and German. It is also easily observed in Modern Standard Arabic where the relative pronoun shows agreement in Case, gender and number with the noun modified by the relative clause. The original position of the relative pronoun is normally filled with a resumptive pronoun that represents the features of the relative pronoun. This study adopts the most recent assumptions of the Minimalist Program to account for the behavior of Arabic relative pronouns. It assumes that the relative clause is right adjoined to the noun it modifies and the relative pronoun moves to a left peripheral position within the structure of the relative clause leaving behind a copy. At a later stage of the derivation, Case of the relative pronoun is unified with Case of its antecedent. The unified Case feature is then valued under Agree with a higher head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Frühmittelalterliche Studien is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)