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The article examines the impact of the U.S. Civil War on the nation's monetary system. Topics discussed include the replacement of hard currency, gold and silver with government bank notes called greenbacks after the war, the state of silver and gold coin production before and during the war, and the authorization of the copper-nickel three-cent piece at the very end of the Civil War.

The article presents information about various political developments taking place in the U.S. According to a snippet, the result of the elections in Maine and California conveys one or two lessons which; one feels satisfied from what occurred at the Massachusetts Convention, the Republican party will take to heart. The one is the danger of relying too much on party discipline, or even the goodness of the principle on which the party is based and the other is the hanger of importing too much of the Puritan spirit into politics. According to another snippet, it has been said that the law authorizing the issue of legal-tender notes or greenbacks should have been entitled a law for the collection of a forced loan. This is a harsh expression, and if it had been used at the time of the passage of the law it might even have been called disloyal.

Presents letters to the editor related to articles that were published in the previous issues of this journal. Discussion on intercollegiate athletic contests held at Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts; Issues related to the redemption of greenbacks; Need of an action by the U.S. Congress on a small educational bill.

The article discusses several issues related to politics in the United States. The most striking feature of the recent elections, as their results become clearer with fuller returns, is seen to be the tremendous revolt against bossism wherever it was in issue. Among the few States where contests took place were four which had each its boss well known to the country at large, and every one of these four bosses encountered a revolt so strong as to show that public sentiment was the same, North and South, East and West. The plan of currency reform presented by Secretary Lyman J. Gage for the consideration of the cabinet begins with a strong argument for retiring the demand liabilities of the Government. The first of these to be redeemed and cancelled are the greenbacks and the Treasury notes of 1890.

The article discusses some of the political updates related to the U.S. The Republican leaders in the U.S. Congress do not intend to take any steps towards a reformation of the currency at the present session. The odor of loyalty that attaches to the greenback as an instrument of war, "battle-scarred and blood-stained," is still potent. The belief is general that the greenbacks cost nothing that they are a debt drawing no interest and that it would involve an annual loss to the Government to fund them into bonds. The Governor announces that he will give a hearing on the graduated inheritance-tax bill passed by the late Legislature and, "the millionaires" are going to proceed in large numbers to Albany to urge the Governor to veto it.

This article presents information about politics and finance. There is no doubt that the plan of having the U.S. Government assume the duties of a bank of issue, by supplying greenbacks enough to take the place of the bank-bills now in circulation, is cherished by a great many people who are not repudiationists. They find that for eighteen years the Government notes have performed the functions of money throughout the whole country with an efficiency which the old banknotes never displayed. Nothing can be more dangerous in its tendency towards extravagant and revolutionary measures, in place of fair economic means, than to magnify beyond the reality the gap which represents the difference in material prosperity between capitalists and the wage-receiving classes. If this be the true way of putting the inequality, then American society is uneven to an alarming degree.

The article presents brief discussions on various political developments in the U.S. and other countries. National Greenback party of New York have adopted a platform of principles declaring that all debts, public and private, should be paid with paper, and that the paper should not be paid with anything. The Ohio Greenback partymen proposed to limit the paper issues of the U.S. government to the demands of business or the employment of labor, and suggested that gold, silver, and greenbacks be made the equals of each other in value. The New York branch proposes no limits whatever, and have no toleration for metallic money of any kind. Absolute money is the only medium of exchange they admit into their bedlam.

This article presents reasons for which the U.S. still clings to $1 greenback when eliminating it could save billions of dollars a year. Almost half of the 8.4 billion bills printed annually by the Bureau of Engraving & Printing are the $1 variety. A $1 coin would cost more. The handling of dollar bills is extremely difficult and costly to automate. Bills have to be manually sorted and straightened out and faced the right way before being inserted into counting machines. Earlier this year, bills for a dollar coin were reintroduced in both the U.S. House and the Senate. The Coin Coalition, a lobby group representing some 30 industry associations, made a major push to attract the attention of the Administration of President Bill Clinton. The only real opposition to the bill comes from the American Bankers Association, which stresses changeover costs in the switch from bill to coin and is concerned about the extra weight of coin in transportation.

The article focuses on prevailing political and economical conditions in the U.S. Hiram R. Revels, pastor of a colored church in St. Louis, Missouri was admitted to the U. S. Senate from Mississippi, by a strict party vote of 48 to 8. All the objections that had been raised against his citizenship vanished before the right inherent in each branch of the U.S. Congress to determine the qualifications of its members. The gradual appreciation of the greenbacks, under the increasing demands of business, particularly at the Southern regions of the U.S. helped fall in gold.

This article presents information on some recent socio-political developments. It is informed that the U.S. President has recommended a gradual return to specie payments, which is, indeed, the only kind of return possible. Most of the declamation against a "sudden" return being like warnings against a too rapid growth in virtue. It is opined that the advises of the Treasury to be authorized to redeem its own paper at a certain fixed price whenever presented, as a safeguard against violent fluctuations in the value of greenbacks is a perfectly valueless suggestion. In another instance, it is informed that a large number of bills are being presented for consideration by the Congress. The most remarkable one is the bill which proposes that it should be treated as a misdemeanor for any senator or representative to recommend any candidate for office, unless his opinion is asked for in writing by the executive.

The steady decline of the cash balance in the U.S. Treasury will force the U.S. Congress to pass some kind of a bill immediately on reassembling. The balance is now less than $90,000,000, and this includes the greenback redemption fund, which has long been below the statutory requirement. There is now no export movement of gold, and no apprehension that the country will be forced to the silver basis. The U.S. House of Representatives passed on December 14 a bill of much general interest, which has attracted very little attention in the newspapers. It was reported by the joint commission of Congress to inquire into the status of laws organizing the executive departments, and it went through without any opposition. Its popular feature makes a reduction in the price of post-office money-orders, to place them on a par in this respect with the money-orders issued by the express companies, and it abolishes the postal note.

The article focuses on issues related to money in the United States. The speech of ex-Governor of Minnesota at the bankers' convention at Atlanta, Georgia was very judicious in itself, but its chief significance lies in the fact that a conservative banker, who is also a trusted Republican leader, declares in it that the greenback currency is now a national stumbling-block, and that it ought to be superseded by a bank currency of an elastic kind based upon money and not upon Government bonds. Senator John Sherman's latest deliverance on the subject of the national finances ought not to be taken too seriously. It is impossible to know, at any particular time, whether his utterances on the stump represent his real views or not. Thus, in 1868, he joined hands with Ben Butler and George Pendleton in declaring that the Government bonds were payable in greenbacks, and he said that the bondholders were censurable for demanding payment in gold.

The article focuses on issues related to money in the United States. The financial plank in the Syracuse, New York Democratic platform marks a step in advance toward the only rational settlement of the currency question. The corresponding plank of the Saratoga Republican platform was excellent also, although not so advanced as the other. It is presumed that a large majority of both parties in the State of New York are in favor of retiring the greenbacks and relieving the Government of all responsibility for the ultimate gold reserve of the country. Statesman Perry Belmont's speech at the Syracuse convention was acute in its analysis of the financial troubles, which beset the country and of their origin and cure. They are all traceable to the greenback. They are the direct progeny of that mischievous and mistaken "war measure."

Discusses the economic conditions of the U.S. during the post-World War I period. Belief of farmers that the low prices of agricultural products are due to restrictions upon the currency imposed in the interest of high finance; Discussion on the Greenback and the Free Silver movement; Requirement for inclusion of a sound and adequate agricultural finance program in a successful national democratic movement.

The article presents information on political developments in the U.S. The bill passed in the House by a large majority, forbidding the Secretary of the Treasury to cancel any greenbacks hereafter, repeals the section of the Resumption Act which directs greenbacks to be withdrawn to the amount of 80% of all fresh national-bank bills issued, until the amount of Government notes afloat is reduced to 300,000,000 dollars. In the so-called Florida confessions, the chief confessor is Judge Samuel B. McLin, chairman of the late Board of State Canvassers. A sense of duty impelled him to let it be known that when the canvass was made he labored under the conviction that it was his privilege and duty, in a political sense, to give the benefit of every doubt in favor of the Republican party.

One of the strongest arguments advanced for the passage of the Silver Bill, although not made prominent in public debate, was that, if not passed, "the people" would insist on fresh issues of irredeemable paper, and now that it is passed and is awaiting the signature of U.S. President, people are adjured to look at the convention of bedlamites at Toledo, Ohio and to prepare themselves for a tidal-wave of communism and greenback inflation. The proper answer to the Toledo communists and to the Louisville "Courier-Journal," which has been making itself particularly foolish in this business, is that this is as good a time as people shall ever have to "untie the winds and let them fight against the churches." Silver bills, with or without free coinage, are not going to pay mortgages or get people out of debt.

This article presents information about socio-political developments around the world. When a craze like the greenback movement or the silver movement of the U.S. begins, the consequences of which are just as well known to financiers as the results of certain combinations to chemists, the first impulse of the ordinary politician is to go into it with all his might, and flout the experience of the civilized world. The trouble into which France is once more plunged is probably due more directly to the state of mind of the Catholic clergy than to anything else, though, of course, when one says this one must bear in mind the peculiar condition of French society and the antecedents of French politicians.

The article focuses on the political and social conditions around the world. The U.S. Senate has been engaged during the week in passing the resolution for the issue of $10,000,000 silver coin, the Indian and Naval Appropriation Bills, and a new Enforcement Acts. The silver resolution as passed authorizes the issue of $10,000,000 in exchange for greenbacks, with an amendment providing that the trade-dollar shall not be a legal tender, and shall only be coined to an amount necessary to meet the export demand. By an act of Congress, passed near the close of the last session, provision was made for the appointment of a board of experts, consisting of two army officers, two naval officers, and three civilians, to test the strength and character of American iron and steel.

The article focuses on the political and social conditions around the world. The Indiana Democrats appear on the surface to have given displeasure to many outside Democrats and to have correspondingly pleased the infidel and the alien. They avowed, for instance, that they thought paying the bonds in greenbacks to be no more than what justice requires, and thus revived the Pendletonism of six years ago--a proceeding which nobody at the East approves, no matter of what party. The French Ministry, in spite of its Prussian character, has been passing through a crisis. M. Magne's proposal to increase the salt tax was defeated on Wednesday week by a majority of 106.

The article presents information related to political developments around the world. The U.S. House of Representatives on Monday crossed the financial Rubicon by passing the bill, by a majority of 171 to 70, declaring the limit of the greenback circulation to be $400,000,000 or in other words, authorizing the issue of the whole $44,000,000 of reserve. On Thursday, a curious subject came up in the Senate in the form of a resolution which it was proposed to send to the Committee on Commerce. It directs the committee to enquire into the expediency of making surveys of the desert of Colorado, with a view to its submersion under water.

This article presents information on the reissue of greenbacks in the U.S. during the year 1872. Republican newspapers purported to discuss a rumor which they announced to the public, to the effect that the Secretary of the Treasury intended to reissue some four or five millions greenbacks which had been retired from circulation. They mentioned the advantages of the plan, and its disadvantages, on the one hand, the effect which it would have in easing the money market, in facilitating the transportation of the crops to deep water; on the other, the objections to it which would arise from the danger of increasing the supply of the protested notes of the Government, the danger to its own credit, and the doubt as to the legality of expansion attained by the reissue of notes once withdrawn from circulation, under the provisions of an act framed with the express intention of contracting the currency.

The article focuses on the propose plan of the U.S. Federal government, to change its $10 U.S. dollar bill portrait into a woman's portrait, as part of 100th anniversary of the 19th amendment granting and voting rights to women in the U.S. A brief historical overview on the use of white men portrait on U.S. Dollar currencies is mentioned. It also outlines the significance on the government's propose plan towards the contribution of women to U.S. history and culture.

The article focuses on Russian officials panicked that their dollar-denominated assets within America's reach were at risk of abrupt confiscation. It mentions invoicing of the majority of global trade and liquidity, flexibility and the reliability of the system have helped, too, and are likely to help sustain its global role. It also mentions China's Cross-Border Interbank Payment System, might undermine the greenback's role and losing ground is central banks' foreign-exchange reserves.

The article describes how a weaker value for the dollar might boost the activities of U.S. manufacturers and exporters. Noted is how the topic relates to the presidencies of Donald Trump and President Elect Joe Biden. Other topics discussed include the Fed's trade-weighted measure of U.S. currency, the dollar index of the Intercontinental Exchange and the level of demand for greenbacks.

The article provides an overview of the conditions for the greenback to crack in 2022. It mentions about high inflation and its implications for interest rates, as dollar's current strength is tied to American exceptionalism of a sort. It also mentions about the impact of monetary policy on bond purchases.