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Currently, according to environmental challenges and technological diversity, organizations need to empower human resources more than in the past so that they can find the possibility of competing in competitive environments and avoid strategic surprises. This study aims to identify the factors and components affecting the empowerment of human resources from the point of view of the Supreme Leader, Imam Khamenei. In this applied research, the qualitative method is based on grounded theory. Data collected by library method and document study. In this way, the statements of the Supreme Leader were collected from 1368 to 1394 and then analyzed with content and discourse analysis techniques and using MAXQDA10 software. Finally, propositions related to the subject were identified, extracted, categorized and reviewed and the results which include the principles of empowerment, the process of empowerment and the results of empowerment from the perspective of the Supreme Leader, was presented along with the human resources performance evaluation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past decade has seen increased discussion about the future and value of ground maneuver in the IDF. Indeed, since the Second Lebanon War, Israel has hesitated to use its ground troops in operations and has harbored doubts--including within the IDF itself--over the achievements of maneuver warfare vis-à-vis enemies that circle Israel and the willingness of the political leadership to employ it. As part of the five-year plan for the IDF, then-Chief of Staff Aviv Kochavi guided an approach centered on intelligence fusion that would be relayed from all the IDF sources to the maneuvering units; and an autonomous system, based on artificial intelligence, that would direct fire at identified targets and chart a path for the maneuvering units on the battlefield. Most of the firepower would be from the air. The current structure of the IDF, in which responsibility for the buildup and operation of aerial forces rests almost exclusively with the Air Force, would not change. This study examines the viability of this approach and its impact on Ground Forces operations. It then presents an alternative option: an army aviation force made up primarily of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs, or RPVs), which would be built within the Ground Forces and operate directly under the command of the ground units. The ground units would operate within a "mission bubble," with maximal independence in intelligence gathering, launch of offensives, and defense of the force from advanced aerial threats posed by enemy drones. The Air Force will focus on its relative advantages: strikes in the operational level, operations deep within enemy territory and distant enemies, air and missile defense, and achievement of air superiority. The study examines the advantages and challenges that this approach presents for the Ground and Air Forces, the expected difficulties in implementation, and the changes that would be needed in the Air Force, Ground Forces, and the General Staff. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The IDF is the people's army" is a common phrase that reflects the standing of the military in Israeli society, given the conscription law and the sense of public involvement in developments relating to the military. The military's level of fitness, professionalism, and effectiveness are sensitive subjects for the Israeli public. The transition between Chiefs of Staff is an opportunity to look toward the future and to update military strategy in relation to expected challenges. This paper proposes a viewpoint for analyzing the military's fitness, and offers insights about changes in IDF force buildup and force application under the 22nd IDF Chief of Staff, Lt. Gen. Aviv Kochavi. It discusses central gaps and challenges facing the current Chief of Staff, Lt. Gen. Herzi Halevi, and includes relevant recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development and proliferation of unmanned weapons systems, path planning is becoming increasingly important. Existing path-planning algorithms mainly assume a well-known environment, and thus pre-planning is desirable, but the actual ground battlefield is uncertain, and numerous contingencies occur. In this study, we present a novel, efficient path-planning algorithm based on a potential field that quickly changes the path in a constantly changing environment. The potential field is composed of a set of functions representing enemy threats and a penalty term representing distance to the target area. We also introduce a new threat function using a multivariate skew-normal distribution that accurately expresses the enemy threat in ground combat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development and proliferation of unmanned weapons systems, path planning is becoming increasingly important. Existing path-planning algorithms mainly assume a well-known environment, and thus pre-planning is desirable, but the actual ground battlefield is uncertain, and numerous contingencies occur. In this study, we present a novel, efficient path-planning algorithm based on a potential field that quickly changes the path in a constantly changing environment. The potential field is composed of a set of functions representing enemy threats and a penalty term representing distance to the target area. We also introduce a new threat function using a multivariate skew-normal distribution that accurately expresses the enemy threat in ground combat.

The article is devoted to highlighting the peculiarities of the terminological field of research on the problem of formation of the pedagogical culture of future officers of the Ground Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Humanitarian training is an important aspect of military education. It is necessary to determine the peculiarities of the formation of the pedagogical culture of future officers.

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In the world that began to be shaped almost ten years after the collapse of the Soviet Union, after a relatively short period of almost total hegemony of the United States, the direction of change led to a clear formation of a new polycentric geopolitical order. The theses about the "end of history" presented by Francis Fukuyama in 1989 did not come true, although they confirmed the final closure of the Cold War era. In the first years of the 21st century, especially after the experiences of the economic crises (2008), the policies of the major states on the international scene aimed at increasing assertiveness in external relations. This was particularly true of Russia, which - since Vladimir Putin took power on December 31, 1999 - it focused on the rebuilding of the empire, and its final shape was to mark the boundaries of the failed superpower. The Kremlin's actions resulted in the war with Georgia in 2008, the seizure of the Crimea in 2014 and the intervention in Syria in 2015. At the same time, in spite of demographic problems, the expansion of Western economic sanctions and relatively low oil and gas prices (which are the main source of income for the country), the modernisation of the Russian armed forces, which began on a large scale in 2008, was continued. The aim of the paper is to report the latest trends in the scale and scope of modernization of the armoured component of Russian Ground Forces in the years 2015-2018 and the factors that had a direct impact on the described process in the current conditions resulting from the emergence of the "new Cold War" in Russia's relations with the West after 2014.

Russia was implementing massive military equipment modernization programs in order to bring all Russian branches of the Federation Armed Forces from Soviet era robust as well as obsolete massive forces to new modern military force. This article analyses significant military armament modernisation projects implemented and ongoing in the Russian Federation conventional forces in Ground Forces, Aerospace Forces and Naval Forces in order to reduce technological gaps between Russia and other world military powers. The objective of the research is to find out, based on available open sources information analysis, how Russia introduced lessons learned from the latest conflicts, gradually developing its Armed Forces in such specific areas like personnel, command and control reform, and unmanned and robotic vehicles' introduction into Russian Federation Armed Forces. The major results are that wide scale military modernization projects have been adopted in all Russian Federation Armed Forces including major branches Ground Forces, Aerospace Forces and Naval Forces. The Russian Federation defence industrial complex is highly involved in modernisation programs and based on its strategic position in the Russian economy coming from the Soviet era legacy, playing crucial role in it. The practical implications of the research point to the fact that, despite inherited outdated technology, Russia, thanks to new armaments projects, is levelling out the differences between the great powers and is once again becoming a major strategic player. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research is to determine the status and eventual differences in morphological and functional characteristics with soldiers of Ground Forces and Navy soldiers of the Army of Montenegro. The sample of examinees was made of 50 soldiers, 18-45 years old, divided into two groups: 25 professional military personnel of Ground Forces and 25 professional military personnel of the Navy. The sample of measures has been made of the following morphological and functional indicators: body height, body mass, waist size, hip size, thorax size, upper leg size, forearm size, abdomen skinfold, chest skinfold, skinfold of the upper leg, body mass index, body fat percentage, waist-to-hip ratio, Forced Vital Capacity, Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second, the ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second and Forced Vital Capacity and Peak Expiratory Flow. Central and dispersion variables of parameters have been calculated; to determine differences in morphological and functional characteristics, the T-test for small independent samples has been applied. For military personnel of the Ground Forces, it was stated that this is a healthy population without obesity risk and without obstruction in the functioning of the respiratory organs. For military personnel of the Navy, notwithstanding the good respiratory function, the existence of the possibility of adverse effects of hypokinesis was determined on specific segments of their health status. Statistically significant differences between the subsamples of examinees have been determined in the morphological variables abdomen skinfold and body fat percentage; therefore, a conclusion has been made that there is a mutual dependency of the stated differences towards different possibilities of manifesting movement forms with the examined subsamples of examinees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors compare the present-day and prospective Ground Forces' Electronic Warfare forces and assets, and clarify the basic elements of their application tactics in a combined arms combat action (operation). It is shown that there are a number of objective prerequisites for the upgrading of the EW forces and their transformation in the short term into an arm of the Ground Forces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experience of participation in operations in two different theatres highlights important issues relating to the military service requirements in the current period. The first of these issues relates to the obligation of the staff to know English, the official language within the Alliance, and the second aspect concerns the urgent need that our Armed Forces' military structures be interoperable with those of our allies. But the training of staff is in close dependency with the equipment necessary to achieve fast communication, and high accuracy in conditions of safety and protection related to transmitted messages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of a quadruped to apply propulsive ground reaction forces (GRF) during rapid acceleration may be limited by muscle power, foot traction or the ability to counteract the nose-up pitching moment due to acceleration. Because the biomechanics of acceleration change, both throughout the stride cycle and over subsequent strides as velocity increases, the factors limiting propulsive force production may also change. Depending on which factors are limiting during each step, alterations in fore-aft body mass distribution may either increase or decrease the maximum propulsive GRF produced. We analyzed the effects of experimental alterations in the fore-aft body mass distribution of dogs as they performed rapid accelerations. We measured the changes in trunk kinematics and GRF as dogs accelerated while carrying 10% body mass in saddlebags positioned just in front of the shoulder girdle or directly over the pelvic girdle. We found that dogs applied greater propulsive forces in the initial hindlimb push-off and first step by the lead forelimb in both weighted conditions. During these steps dogs appear to have been limited by foot traction. For the trailing forelimb, propulsive forces and impulses were reduced when dogs wore caudally placed weights and increased when dogs wore cranially placed weights. This is consistent with nose-up pitching or avoidance thereof having limited propulsive force production by the trailing forelimb. By the second stride, the hindlimbs appear to have been limited by muscle power in their ability to apply propulsive force. Adding weights decreased the propulsive force they applied most in the beginning of stance, when limb retractor muscles were active in supporting body weight. These results suggest that all three factors: foot traction, pitching of the body, and muscle power play roles in limiting quadrupedal acceleration. Digging in to the substrate with claws or hooves appears to be necessary for maximizing propulsion in the initial hindlimb push-off and first forelimb step. Shifting the center of mass forward, as occurred with the loss of the large and heavy tail in the evolution of mammals, is likely to increase the contribution of the forelimbs to acceleration. Hindlimb muscle power appears to play a greater role in limiting acceleration than does forelimb muscle power. As such, we might expect animals built for rapid acceleration to have an increased ratio of hindlimb to forelimb muscle mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is an attempt to express philosophically ontological event as a field characterized by going out of subjectivity or transcendental ego. The brand essence of this experience is set in the race world/ land, while appearing a subjectivity that is assumed as a caretaker and guard of the essence of being. One important thing is that this text and the size of the event, as it is conceived by Deleuze and Heidegger (as Ereignis) is a field without a subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because the ability to accelerate rapidly is crucial to the survival and reproductive fitness of most terrestrial animals, it is important to understand how the biomechanics of rapid acceleration differs from that of steady-state locomotion. Here we compare rapid acceleration with high-speed galloping in dogs to investigate the ways in which body and limb posture and ground forces are altered to produce effective acceleration. Seven dogs were videotaped at 250 Hz as they performed `maximum effort' accelerations, starting in a standing position on a force plate and one and two strides before it. These dogs began accelerations by rapidly flexing their ankles and knees as they dropped into a crouch. The crouched posture was maintained in the first accelerating stride such that the ankle and knee were significantly more flexed than during steady high-speed galloping. The hindlimb was also significantly more retracted over the first stance period than during high-speed galloping. Ground forces differed from steady-state locomotion in that rapidly accelerating dogs supported only 43% of their body weight with the forelimbs, compared with 56-64% in steady-state locomotion. The hindlimbs applied greater peak accelerating forces than the forelimbs, but the forelimbs contributed significantly to the dogs' acceleration by producing 43% of the total propulsive impulse. Kinematically, rapid acceleration differs from steady-state galloping in that the limbs are more flexed and more retracted, while the back undergoes greater pitching movement. Ground reaction forces also differ significantly from steady-state galloping in that almost no decelerating forces are applied while propulsive force impulses are three to six times greater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]