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2 results on '"GRP, Gastrin-releasing peptide"'

1. Targeting Neprilysin (NEP) pathways: A potential new hope to defeat COVID-19 ghost

Author

Maram Mohammed El Tabaa and Manar Mohammed El Tabaa

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, ACEI, ACE inhibitors, RAS, Renin angiotensin system, Aβ, β-amyloid, MERS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, VEGF, Vascular endothelial growth factor, ALI/ARDS, Acute lung injury/Acute respiratory distress syndrome, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, 0302 clinical medicine, MCP-1, Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, NF-kB, Nuclear factor kappa B, Bradykinins, NPs, Natriuretic peptides, MasR, Mas receptor, Medicine, PPARs, Peroxisome proliferator activator receptors, BR, Bradykinin receptor, IL, Interleukin, Ang (1-7), Neprilysin, COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, GPCR, G protein-coupled, PNECs, Pulmonary neuroendocrine cells, CQ/HCQ, Chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine, Endothelin-1, TGF-β1, Transforming growth factor- β1, BKs, Bradykinins, SERMs, Selective estrogen receptor modulators, Coronavirus disease, Drug repositioning, ET-1, Endothelin-1, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, NEPi, Neprilysin inhibitors, ARBs, Angiotensin receptor blockers, GRP, AD, Alzheimer's disease, HO-1, Heme oxygenase-1, AT1R, Angiotensin II receptor type 1, fMLP, formyl Methionyl-meucyl-proline, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, MAPK/ERK, Mitogen-activated protein kinases/ Extracellular signal-regulated kinases, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), GRP, Gastrin-releasing peptide, PLCb/IP3, Phospholipase C beta/inositol trisphosphate, NO, Nitric oxide, Article, SARS-CoV, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, 03 medical and health sciences, NEP, Neprilysin, Beneficial effects, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, Pharmacology, NADPH, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (reduced form), business.industry, fungi, eNOS, endothelial Nitric oxide synthase, TNF, Tumor necrosis factor, ACE, Angiotensin-converting enzyme, Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2–related factor 2, STZ, Streptozotocin, ECs, Endothelial cells, 030104 developmental biology, fMLP, GM-CSF, Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, NSAIDs, Non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, business, Coronavirus Infections, AT2R, Angiotensin II receptor type 2, Ang, Angiotensin, ROS, Reactive oxygen species
Abstract

Graphical abstract, COVID-19 is an ongoing viral pandemic disease that is caused by SARS-CoV2, inducing severe pneumonia in humans. However, several classes of repurposed drugs have been recommended, no specific vaccines or effective therapeutic interventions for COVID-19 are developed till now. Viral dependence on ACE-2, as entry receptors, drove the researchers into RAS impact on COVID-19 pathogenesis. Several evidences have pointed at Neprilysin (NEP) as one of pulmonary RAS components. Considering the protective effect of NEP against pulmonary inflammatory reactions and fibrosis, it is suggested to direct the future efforts towards its potential role in COVID-19 pathophysiology. Thus, the review aimed to shed light on the potential beneficial effects of NEP pathways as a novel target for COVID-19 therapy by summarizing its possible molecular mechanisms. Additional experimental and clinical studies explaining more the relationships between NEP and COVID-19 will greatly benefit in designing the future treatment approaches.

Published
2020

2. Contribution of gastrin-releasing peptide and its receptor to villus development in the murine and human gastrointestinal tract

Author

Carroll, Robert E., Matkowskyj, Kristina, Saunthararajah, Yogen, Sekosan, Marin, Battey, James F., and Benya, Richard V.

Subjects
*GASTRIN, *PEPTIDES, *GASTROINTESTINAL system
Abstract

Recent studies have shown that aberrantly expressed gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) and its receptor (GRP-R) critically regulate tumor cell differentiation in colon cancers developing in humans and mice. This finding suggested that the ability of GRP/GRP-R to promote a well-differentiated phenotype in colon cancer might reflect a re-capitulation of a normal role in regulating intestinal organogenesis. To determine if this was the case, we compared and contrasted intestinal development in GRPR−/− mice with their wild type littermates. GRP/GRP-R co-expression in wild type mice was only observed in villous enterocytes between N-1 and N-12. During this time frame villous growth was completely attenuated in GRPR−/− mice. The contribution of GRP/GRP-R to villous growth was due to their act in increasing enterocyte proliferation prior to N-8 but increasing enterocyte size thereafter. From N-12 onwards, small intestinal villous growth in GRPR−/− mice resumed such that no difference in this structure could be detected at adulthood between mice of either genotype. We next studied GRP/GRP-R expression in human abortuses. These proteins were co-expressed by villous enterocytes only between weeks 14 and 20 post-conception, a time frame analogous to when they are expressed in the murine intestine. Thus, this study shows for the first time that GRP/GRP-R play a transient and non-critical role in intestinal development, yet provides a rationale for their re-appearance in colon cancer. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Published
2002
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