1. Combustion in the future: The importance of chemistry
- Author
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Katharina Kohse-Höinghaus
- Subjects
Chemical process ,2M2B, 2-methyl-2-butene ,General Chemical Engineering ,PDF, probability density function ,XAS, X-ray absorption spectroscopy ,QCL, quantum cascade laser ,Combustion ,DFT, density functional theory ,PM10 PM2,5, sampled fractions with sizes up to ∼10 and ∼2,5 µm ,KDE, kernel density estimation ,Combustion diagnostics ,DEE, diethyl ether ,Energy transformation ,WLTP, Worldwide Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Procedure ,DFWM, degenerate four-wave mixing ,FC, fuel cell ,Energy ,PFR, plug-flow reactor ,PES, photoelectron spectrum/spectra ,SOx, sulfur oxides ,LH2, liquid hydrogen ,LIF, laser-induced fluorescence ,LII, laser-induced incandescence ,SNR, signal-to-noise ratio ,CI, compression ignition ,GW, global warming ,OTMS, Orbitrap MS ,FCEV, fuel cell electric vehicle ,PI, photoionization ,PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ,DME, dimethyl ether ,GC, gas chromatography ,MVK, methyl vinyl ketone ,RCM, rapid compression machine ,SOEC, solid-oxide electrolysis cell ,SOFC, solid-oxide fuel cell ,Reaction mechanisms ,EGR, exhaust gas recirculation ,IE, ionization energy ,PEM, polymer electrolyte membrane ,HFO, heavy fuel oil ,Article ,PACT, predictive automated computational thermochemistry ,Combustion chemistry ,IR, infrared ,ICEV, internal combustion engine vehicle ,ALS, Advanced Light Source ,PIV, particle imaging velocimetry ,OME, oxymethylene ether ,VOC, volatile organic compound ,KHP, ketohydroperoxide ,TOF-MS, time-of-flight MS ,MDO, marine diesel oil ,DMM, dimethoxy methane ,NTC, negative temperature coefficient ,Mechanical Engineering ,EI, electron ionization ,BC, black carbon ,CCS, carbon capture and storage ,HAB, height above the burner ,TDLAS, tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy ,RCCI, reactivity-controlled compression ignition ,AFM, atomic force microscopy ,Chemical energy ,TiRe-LII, time-resolved LII ,Combustion synthesis ,Biofuels ,Combustion modeling ,HRTEM, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy ,GHG, greenhouse gas ,HCCI, homogeneous charge compression ignition ,SVO, straight vegetable oil ,TSI, threshold sooting index ,BEV, battery electric vehicle ,JSR, jet-stirred reactor ,PIE, photoionization efficiency ,NOx, nitrogen oxides ,RMG, reaction mechanism generator ,LOHC, liquid organic hydrogen carrier ,LTC, low-temperature combustion ,MBMS, molecular-beam MS ,ATcT, Active Thermochemical Tables ,PRF, primary reference fuel ,UFP, ultrafine particle ,ARAS, atomic resonance absorption spectroscopy ,LCA, lifecycle analysis ,DMC, dimethyl carbonate ,RON, research octane number ,CA, crank angle ,LT, low-temperature ,FT, Fischer-Tropsch ,Flammability ,DBE, di-n-butyl ether ,BTL, biomass-to-liquid ,APCI, atmospheric pressure chemical ionization ,YSI, yield sooting index ,Energy conversion ,MTO, methanol-to-olefins ,DRIFTS, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy ,Emissions ,LNG, liquefied natural gas ,LIGS, laser-induced grating spectroscopy ,VUV, vacuum ultraviolet ,HACA, hydrogen abstraction acetylene addition ,TPES, threshold photoelectron spectrum/spectra ,Exothermic reaction ,Process (engineering) ,REMPI, resonance-enhanced multi-photon ionization ,SIMS, secondary ion mass spectrometry ,STM, scanning tunneling microscopy ,Fuels ,CRDS, cavity ring-down spectroscopy ,PM, particulate matter ,FRET, fluorescence resonance energy transfer ,IPCC, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ,CEAS, cavity-enhanced absorption spectroscopy ,SOA, secondary organic aerosol ,SNG, synthetic natural gas ,Physical and Theoretical Chemistry ,SI, spark ignition ,DCN, derived cetane number ,IC, internal combustion ,TPRF, toluene primary reference fuel ,Combustion kinetics ,PEPICO, photoelectron photoion coincidence ,CFD, computational fluid dynamics ,GTL, gas-to-liquid ,CTL, coal-to-liquid ,PLIF, planar laser-induced fluorescence ,Synthetic fuels ,MS, mass spectrometry ,FTIR, Fourier-transform infrared ,Electric power ,Biochemical engineering - Abstract
Combustion involves chemical reactions that are often highly exothermic. Combustion systems utilize the energy of chemical compounds released during this reactive process for transportation, to generate electric power, or to provide heat for various applications. Chemistry and combustion are interlinked in several ways. The outcome of a combustion process in terms of its energy and material balance, regarding the delivery of useful work as well as the generation of harmful emissions, depends sensitively on the molecular nature of the respective fuel. The design of efficient, low-emission combustion processes in compliance with air quality and climate goals suggests a closer inspection of the molecular properties and reactions of conventional, bio-derived, and synthetic fuels. Information about flammability, reaction intensity, and potentially hazardous combustion by-products is important also for safety considerations. Moreover, some of the compounds that serve as fuels can assume important roles in chemical energy storage and conversion. Combustion processes can furthermore be used to synthesize materials with attractive properties. A systematic understanding of the combustion behavior thus demands chemical knowledge. Desirable information includes properties of the thermodynamic states before and after the combustion reactions and relevant details about the dynamic processes that occur during the reactive transformations from the fuel and oxidizer to the products under the given boundary conditions. Combustion systems can be described, tailored, and improved by taking chemical knowledge into account. Combining theory, experiment, model development, simulation, and a systematic analysis of uncertainties enables qualitative or even quantitative predictions for many combustion situations of practical relevance. This article can highlight only a few of the numerous investigations on chemical processes for combustion and combustion-related science and applications, with a main focus on gas-phase reaction systems. It attempts to provide a snapshot of recent progress and a guide to exciting opportunities that drive such research beyond fossil combustion. © 2020 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
- Published
- 2020
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