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This research focuses on female work ethics in Iceland, one of the most gender equal countries in the world. The Multidimensional Work Ethic Profile (MWEP) was used for measuring the work ethic of 238 students of both genders. Based on a convenience sample obtained from the School of Business, University of Iceland we tested two hypotheses. The first concerned whether women have a higher work ethic than men; the second whether female students have higher grades than their male counterparts. We found women to have both a higher work ethic and grades than men. Overall outcomes based on the MWEP revealed statistically significant differences between the averages of women and men, with the mean for women higher by 7.07 points. In addition, women's average university grades were found to be statistically higher than those of men by a margin of 0.36 points. These results provide interesting insights into the potential contribution of women and men to the workplace, suggesting that women, on average, will be more productive and deliver superior performance. Furthermore, work-based research and evaluations are necessary to test this inference, including the research across different sectors of the Icelandic economy. Ovaj se rad bavi radnom etikom zena na Islandu, jednoj od drzava s najvisom razinom spolne ravnopravnosti na svijetu. U radu se koristi multidimenzionalni profil radne etike za mjerenje radne etike 238 studenata obaju spolova. Na temelju prigodnog uzorka studenata poslovne skole Sveucilista u Islandu, testirane su dvije hipoteze. Prva se odnosila na veci stupanj radne etike, a druga na vecu razinu ocjena zena u odnosu na muskarce. Obje su hipoteze potvrdene, s obzirom da je, koristenjem multidimenzionalnog profila radne etike, dobivena statisticki znacajna razlika izmedu prosjeka zena i muskaraca, pri cemu je prosjek zena bio veci za 7.07 bodova. Nadalje, prosjecne ocjene studija zena su bile statisticki znacajno vece od ocjena muskaraca za iznos 0.36 jedinica ocjene. Dobiveni rezultati nude zanimljiv uvid u potencijalni radni doprinos zena i muskaraca, pri cemu se pokazuje da bi zene, u prosjeku, mogle biti produktivnije. Nadalje je potrebno istrazivanje utemeljeno na praksi, kako bi se testirala postavljena tvrdnja, ukljucujuci i istrazivanja kroz razlicite sektore islandskog gospodarstva. Kljucne rijeci: poslovna etika, spolne razlike, multidimenzionalni profil radne etike, Island., 1. INTRODUCTION There is widespread acknowledgement that good ethics can positively impact organisation's economic performance, with literature suggesting that ethics, values, integrity and responsibility are prerequisites in today's workplace, assuming [...]

In this paper the microfinance industry will be described, both as it is today and with historical perspectives. Brief history of past failure of subsidized loans is mentioned. Different but important contributions from Stiglitz and Yunnus are explained and then the microfinance industry´s growth and current state will be described. Finally, different microfinance institutions types are explained. The microfinance industry is peculiar and deserves to be researched and focused upon for several reasons. The most important is that it aims towards poverty reduction by reaching out to the poor and provide them with capital. Noteworthy, that is to be done in a sustainable way, which allows the industry to thrive and expand. Indeed it has expanded greatly over the last few years. While the microfinance industry expands the importance of understanding the industry becomes ever more important. Researches on corporate governance for microfinance institutions have been carried out but more researches are needed, in particular for the social goal called outreach. Because the microfinance institutions have both social goals and financial goals, the microfinance industry is different from most other industries where profit maximization is the main and often the only goal. The corporate governance findings for microfinance industry may therefore be different and may not be easily transferred to other industries.

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We released 598 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hatchery smolts in a river in Iceland in 2005 and 2006 tagged with data storage tags recording temperature and (depth) continuously. Five salmon returned in 2006 and two in 2007, all spending 1 year at sea. The complete temperature and depth profiles of the whole ocean migration were measured. The salmon stayed close to the surface most of the time and showed diurnal behavior, staying at slightly deeper waters during day. The salmon were in temperatures from 6 to 15[degrees]C, with warmer temperatures in the summer. We compared the fish-recorded temperature with sea surface temperature from an available National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration database to locate the fish at different times. Utilizing the diurnal behavior of the salmon, we estimated solar noon each day during winter. Sea surface temperatures and diurnal activity were used to estimate daily locations using established Hidden Markov Model for fish geolocation. The salmon in the study stayed southwest of Iceland in the Irminger Sea during the first summer months, but in the fall they moved towards the Faroes Islands and then back to the Irminger Sea where they stayed, until returning to the river. The salmon also took shorter and deeper dives (>100 m) during the latter part of their ocean migration. Nous avons relache 598 saumon atlantique (Salmo salar) saumoneaux d'ecloserie dotes d'etiquettes enregistrant la temperature et (la profondeur) en continu dans une riviere d'Islande, en 2005 et 2006. Cinq saumons sont revenus en 2006 et deux en 2007, apres avoir passe une annee en mer. Les profils de temperature et de profondeur complets pour toute leur migration oceanique ont ete mesures. Les saumons sont demeures pres de la surface la plupart du temps et presentaient un comportement diurne, demeurant dans des eaux un peu plus profondes durant le jour. Ils evoluaient a des temperatures allant de 6[degrees]C a 15[degrees]C, les valeurs les plus elevees ayant ete mesurees pendant l'ete. Nous avons compare la temperature des poissons a la temperature de la surface de la mer tiree d'une base de donnees de la National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration afin de situer les poissons au fil du temps. En utilisant le comportement diurne des saumons, nous avons estime le midi solaire pour chaque jour de l'hiver. La temperature de la surface de la mer et l'activite diurne ont ete utilisees pour estimer leur position quotidienne a l'aide d'un modele de Markov cache etabli pour la geolocalisation de poissons. Les saumons de l'etude sont demeures au sud-ouest de l'Islande, dans la mer d'Irminger, durant les premiers mois d'ete, mais se sont deplaces vers les iles Feroe a l'automne, pour ensuite revenir vers la mer d'Irminger, ou ils sont demeures jusqu'il leur retour dans la riviere. Les saumons plongeaient en outre moins longuement, mais plus profondement (>100 m) vers la fin de leur migration en mer. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Since the mid-1980s, declines in abundance of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have been observed both in North American and European stocks (Parrish et al. 1998; Chaput 2012; Mills et [...]

Women are now participating in all components of the financial sector, particularly in the gender equal nation of Iceland. More than one-third of those who have education as stockbrokers are females, however, they rarely work as active stockbrokers. In this research, an attempt is made to answer why this is the case. We ask stockbrokers themselves what they think could be the explanation of this discrepancy between education and work participation. This qualitative phenomenal research, where six semi-structured interviews were carried out with Icelandic people with stockbrokers’ education and license, reveals three noteworthy themes. First, the work environment stockbrokers face is not family friendly, with dining and drinking frequent in the evenings. Additionally, clients are usually married males in their late forties or fifties, which does not suit young married female stockbrokers. There are far too few women in the stockbroking field and, finally, the stockbroker’s job is stressful, requiring 24/7 attention that females find unattractive in a profession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In January 2015, radical prostatectomies (RPs) in Iceland changed almost entirely from being performed as open (ORP) to robotically assisted (RARP). This study assesses early surgical and short-term oncological outcome after ORP and RARP and evaluates the safety of transition between the two surgical techniques. The study population involved 160/163 (98%) of all radical prostatectomies performed in Iceland between January 2013 and April 2016. Data on patients was collected retrospectively from medical records. Early surgical and short-term oncological outcomes were compared between the two surgical techniques. The ORP and RARP cohorts were comparable with respect to all clinical and pathological variables, except for median prostate volume, which was 45 mL in the ORP cohort and 37 mL in the RARP cohort (p = 0.03). Intraoperative blood loss was higher, hospital stay longer, catheterization time longer, and risk of complications within 30 days of surgery higher after ORP than RARP (p < 0.01). The operative time, positive surgical margin rate and recurrence free survival, within two years, was comparable between the two surgical techniques. The transition from ORP to RARP in Iceland was safe and resulted in improved early surgical outcome. However, no conclusion can be drawn from this study regarding oncological outcome, due to short follow up and a small sample size. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pedagogy Studies / Pedagogika is the property of Vytautas Magnus University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)