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Background/Aim: Esophagectomy and gastrectomy are procedures with considerable physical burden and intense post-operative care of which the patient’s physical condition seems to be a relevant predictor. The gold standard of the cardiorespiratory fitness is the peak oxygen consumption (VO(2)peak). This pilot study examined the prognostic value of VO(2)peak on post-surgery outcomes in esophageal and gastric cancer patients. Patients and Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study, patients scheduled for esophagectomy or gastrectomy were examined 24 h before the surgery regarding their VO(2)peak. The post-operative complications according to Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb/IV/V, Intensive-Care-Unit days, and overall hospital stay were documented following surgery. In a subset, body weight changes from surgery until hospital discharge and first aftercare visit were recorded. Results: The functional capacity was significantly reduced in 34/35 of the included patients compared to matched norm-values (p