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[Display omitted] • Single atom catalyst with Fe-N 4 sites anchored on hollow carbon cage is synthesized. • Hollow carbon cage structure facilitates exposure of the active Fe-N 4 sites. • Synergistic effect of Fe-N 4 site and hollow carbon cage improves reversibility of MoS 2 anode. • Fe- N -HCN can effectively adsorb and catalyze the rapid decomposition of Li 2 S. • The MoS 2 /Fe- N -HCN anode exhibit superior electrochemical performance. Although the single atom electrocatalysts have been demonstrated as efficient catalysts for promoting Li 2 S/Na 2 S formation and decomposition in Li-S/Na-S batteries, the functional morphological and structural engineering capable of exposing more active sites is regarded as an essential factor to further enhance the catalytic activity. Here, we have synthesized a single atomically dispersed Fe sites embedded within hollow nitrogen doped carbon cages (Fe- N -HCN) using Fe 3 O 4 spheres as an oxidant and sacrificial template, which is used as a high-efficiency catalyst for boosting the reversible capacity of MoS 2 anode in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). As expected, the electrochemical reaction of MoS 2 /Fe- N -HCN anode exhibits higher reversibility than pure MoS 2 electrodes. Moreover, density functional theory is also employed to reveal that Fe- N -HCN can be effectively adsorbed and catalyze the rapid decomposition of Li 2 S. The hollow carbon cage structure can facilitate the exposure of the active Fe-N 4 sites and favor the mass transfer during the electrochemical reactions, thus the synergistic effect of the Fe-N 4 site and the hollow carbon cage structure together improve the catalytic activity for the conversion reaction of MoS 2 anode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurologic Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare type of non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis that affects the central nervous system. Most neurologic RDDs grow like meningiomas, have clear boundaries, and can be completely resected. However, a few RDDs are invasive and aggressive, and no effective treatment options are available because the molecular mechanisms involved remain unknown. Here, we report a case of deadly and glucocorticoid-resistant neurologic RDD and explore its possible pathogenic mechanisms via single-cell RNA sequencing. First, we identified two distinct but evolutionarily related histiocyte subpopulations (the C1Q+ and SPP1+ histiocytes) that accumulated in the biopsy sample. The expression of genes in the KRAS signaling pathway was upregulated, indicating gain-of-function of KRAS mutations. The C1Q+ and SPP1+ histiocytes were highly differentiated and arrested in the G1 phase, excluding the idea that RDD is a lympho-histio-proliferative disorder. Second, although C1Q+ histiocytes were the primary RDD cell type, SPP1+ histiocytes highly expressed several severe inflammation-related and invasive factors, such as WNT5A, IL-6, and MMP12, suggesting that SPP1+ histiocytes plays a central role in driving the progression of this disease. Third, oligodendrocytes were found to be the prominent cell type that initiates RDD via MIF and may resist glucocorticoid treatment via the MDK and PTN signaling pathways. In summary, in this case, we report a rare presentation of neurologic RDD and provided new insight into the pathogenic mechanisms of progressive neurologic RDD. This study will also offer evidence for developing precision therapies targeting this complex disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Purpose Methods Results Conclusions Resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) technology and the complex network theory can be used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of brain diseases. The successful application of functional brain hypernetworks provides new perspectives for the diagnosis and evaluation of clinical brain diseases; however, many studies have not assessed the attribute information of hyperedges and could not retain the high‐order topology of hypergraphs. In addition, the study of multi‐scale and multi‐layered organizational properties of the human brain can provide richer and more accurate data features for classification models of depression.This work aims to establish a more accurate classification framework for the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) using the high‐order line graph algorithm. And accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, precision, F1 score are used to validate its classification performance.Based on rs‐fMRI data from 38 MDD subjects and 28 controls, we constructed a human brain hypernetwork and introduced a line graph model, followed by the construction of a high‐order line graph model. The topological properties under each order line graph were calculated to measure the classification performance of the model. Finally, intergroup features that showed significant differences under each order line graph model were fused, and a support vector machine classifier was constructed using multi‐kernel learning. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov nonparametric permutation test was used as the feature selection method and the classification performance was measured with the leave‐one‐out cross‐validation method.The high‐order line graph achieved a better classification performance compared with other traditional hypernetworks (accuracy = 92.42%, sensitivity = 92.86%, specificity = 92.11%, precision = 89.66%, F1 = 91.23%). Furthermore, the brain regions found in the present study have been previously shown to be associated with the pathology of depression.This work validated the classification model based on the high‐order line graph, which can better express the topological features of the hypernetwork by comprehensively considering the hyperedge information under different connection strengths, thereby significantly improving the classification accuracy of MDD. Therefore, this method has potential for use in the clinical diagnosis of MDD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we demonstrate the robustness of a synergistic chiral Pd/organoboron system in tackling a challenging suite of site‐, regio‐, enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity issues across a considerable palette of biologically relevant carbohydrate polyols, when prochiral alkoxyallenes were employed as electrophiles. In view of the burgeoning role of noncovalent interactions (NCIs) in stereoselective carbohydrate synthesis, our mechanistic experiments and DFT modeling of the reaction path unexpectedly revealed that NCIs such as hydrogen bonding and CH‐π interactions between the resting states of the Pd‐π‐allyl complex and the borinate saccharide are critically involved in the stereoselectivity control. Our strategy thus illuminates the untapped potential of harnessing NCIs in the context of transition metal catalysis to tackle stereoselectivity challenges in carbohydrate functionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we demonstrate the robustness of a synergistic chiral Pd/organoboron system in tackling a challenging suite of site‐, regio‐, enantio‐ and diastereoselectivity issues across a considerable palette of biologically relevant carbohydrate polyols, when prochiral alkoxyallenes were employed as electrophiles. In view of the burgeoning role of noncovalent interactions (NCIs) in stereoselective carbohydrate synthesis, our mechanistic experiments and DFT modeling of the reaction path unexpectedly revealed that NCIs such as hydrogen bonding and CH‐π interactions between the resting states of the Pd‐π‐allyl complex and the borinate saccharide are critically involved in the stereoselectivity control. Our strategy thus illuminates the untapped potential of harnessing NCIs in the context of transition metal catalysis to tackle stereoselectivity challenges in carbohydrate functionalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A distance cartogram is a deformed map where the distance between points conforms to a specific proximity indicator. Its readability is crucial, requiring a similar spatial arrangement of points between the original map and cartogram. Previous studies mainly incorporated angle changes of point pairs into the optimization objective. However, this soft constraint fails to provide high readability for spatial interaction data with numerous points and links. This study emphasizes the significance of maintaining Delaunay triangulation during deformation. To achieve this, topology‐constrained particle swarm optimization (TC‐PSO) is proposed, in which triangle intersections and flipping are prevented during optimization. Additionally, a topology error is introduced to evaluate the difference in triangulation between the original and deformed maps. TC‐PSO outperforms previous approaches by exhibiting the smallest topology error and producing more readable cartograms in simulation experiments and Baidu index data. These show TC‐PSO's advantage as a cartographic tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study compared the biomechanical characteristics of proximal femur bionic nail (PFBN) and proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in treating osteoporotic femoral intertrochanteric fractures using finite element analysis. Under similar bone density, the PFBN outperforms the PFNA in maximum femoral displacement, internal fixation displacement, stress distribution in the femoral head and internal fixation components, and femoral neck varus angle. As the bone density decreases, the PFBN’s biomechanical advantages over PFNA become more pronounced. This finding suggests that the PFBN is superior for treating osteoporotic intertrochanteric femoral fractures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We use AlphaFold2 (AF2) to model the monomer and dimer structures of an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), Nvjp-1, assisted by molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We observe relatively rigid dimeric structures of Nvjp-1 when compared with the monomer structures. We suggest that protein conformations from multiple AF2 models and those from MD trajectories exhibit a coherent trend: the conformations of an IDP are deviated from each other and the conformations of a well-folded protein are consistent with each other. We use a residue-residue interaction network (RIN) derived from the contact map which show that the residue-residue interactions in Nvjp-1 are mainly transient; however, those in a well-folded protein are mainly persistent. Despite the variation in 3D shapes, we show that the AF2 models of both disordered and ordered proteins exhibit highly consistent profiles of the pLDDT (predicted local distance difference test) scores. These results indicate a potential protocol to justify the IDPs based on multiple AF2 models and MD simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the Dongying Sag of the Bohai Bay Basin in China exhibit significant potential for hydrocarbon exploration. This study investigates the lithofacies types and sedimentary evolution of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation's lower third member (Es3l) and upper fourth member (Es4u), integrating petrological and geochemical analyses to explore the relationship between lithofacies characteristics and sedimentary environments. The results show that the fine-grained sedimentary rocks in the study area can be classified into 18 lithofacies, with seven principal ones, including organic-rich laminated carbonate fine-grained mixed sedimentary rock lithofacies and organic-rich laminated limestone lithofacies. In conjunction with analyses of vertical changes in geochemical proxies such as paleoclimate (e.g., CIA, Na/Al), paleoproductivity (e.g., Ba), paleosalinity (e.g., Sr/Ba), paleo-redox conditions (e.g., V/Sc, V/V + Ni), and terrigenous detrital influx (e.g., Al, Ti), five stages are delineated from bottom to top. These stages demonstrate a general transition from an arid to humid paleoclimate, a steady increase in paleoproductivity, a gradual decrease in paleosalinity, an overall reducing water body environment, and an increasing trend of terrestrial detrital input. This study demonstrates that the abundance of organic matter is primarily influenced by paleoproductivity and paleo-redox conditions. The variations in rock components are predominantly influenced by paleoclimate, and sedimentary structures are affected by the depth of the lake basin. Special depositional events, such as storm events in Stage II, have significantly impacted the abundance of organic matter, rock components, and sedimentary structures by disturbing the water column and disrupting the reducing conditions at the lake bottom. The present study offers crucial insights into the genesis mechanisms of continental lacustrine fine-grained sedimentary rocks, facilitates the prediction of lithofacies distribution, and advances the exploration of China's shale oil resources in lacustrine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) technique is used to fabricate the gas sensor, which is developed for the visualization of the spatial distribution of gas evaporating from odor source. The 3 × 3 SERS sensor array is put on the odor source and then scanned by the home‐made detection system to obtain the Raman spectra of the odor. The intensities of the characteristic peaks from the collected spectra are used to draw a heatmap graph. After the heatmap graph is processed by the noise reduction, the localization of the odor source can be clearly identified through the resulting graph. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The stronger electronegativity of Ag in Ag/Co 3 O 4 led to richer surface Co3+. • Ag/Co 3 O 4 gained by Ag-reduction method showed higher surface Co3+/Co2+ ratio. • The reducibility of Co 3 O 4 was greatly improved by the loading of Ag via reduction method. • Ag/Co 3 O 4 prepared by Ag-reduction method showed higher catalytic activity. Silver (9 wt.%) was loaded on Co 3 O 4 -nanofiber using reduction and impregnation methods, respectively. Due to the stronger electronegativity of silver, the ratios of surface Co3+/Co2+ on Ag/Co 3 O 4 were higher than on Co 3 O 4 , which further led to more adsorbed oxygen species as a result of the charge compensation. Moreover, the introducing of silver also obviously improved the reducibility of Co 3 O 4. Hence the Ag/Co 3 O 4 showed better catalytic performance than Co 3 O 4 in benzene oxidation. Compared with the Ag/Co 3 O 4 synthesized via impregnation method, the one prepared using reduction method (named as AgCo-R) exhibited higher contents of surface Co3+ and adsorbed oxygen species, stronger reducibility, as well as more active surface lattice oxygen species. Consequently, AgCo-R showed lowest T 90 value of 183°C, admirable catalytic stability, largest normalized reaction rate of 1.36 × 10−4 mol/(h·m2) (150°C), and lowest apparent activation energy (E a) of 63.2 kJ/mol. The analyzing of in-situ DRIFTS indicated benzene molecules were successively oxidized to phenol, o-benzoquinone, small molecular intermediates, and finally to CO 2 and water on the surface of AgCo-R. At last, potential reaction pathways including five detailed steps were proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe thermal–mechanical–electrical-diffusion strongly coupled equations are established, and the phase field method is employed to investigate the dynamic simulation of intermetallic compound (IMC) evolution at the Cu/Sn/Cu micro-solder joint interface. By comparing with experimental results on IMC evolution in micro-solder joints, this study explores the evolution law of IMCs under the influence of current, temperature, and applied load coupling. Both simulation and experimental findings indicate that higher current density promotes IMC formation, with the largest average thickness observed at a current density of 5000 A/m2. When the analog current density is 5000 A/m2, the anode IMC has a rapid growth period at 62 h, and the corresponding cathode has a rapid consumption period; when the analog current density is 4000 A/m2, the anode has the same phenomenon in 95 h; when the analog current density is 3000 A/m2, this phenomenon is not evident. The observed phenomena are consistent with the evolutionary trend of IMC from the fourth to the fifth day of the experiment, considering it may be affected by ‘electronic wind stress’ which makes the cathode IMC migrate to the anode. The average thickness of IMCs with an analog ambient temperature of 323–353 K is the largest, which is most suitable for the growth of IMCs. The experimental results also indicate that IMC growth is the fastest at 353 K. The anode IMC was inhibited by tensile stress and shear stress, but the effect on cathode was not obvious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multilevel encoding (MLE) scheme is an effective method for improving the anticounterfeiting encryption capabilities of physically unclonable functions (PUFs). However, owing to the correlation between encoding layers, the encoding capacity (EC) is difficult to improve by orders of magnitude. Herein, four noncorrelated structures in the diamond crystal structure (carbon–carbon single bond, defect luminescence structures, spin structures, and electron energy distribution structures) are considered for MLE. First, the microdiamonds containing nitrogen‐vacancy (NV) color centers are embedded into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) to fabricate PUFs. Using an optical imaging system, four codable images of four noncorrelated structures are read. The noncorrelation of the four‐level encoding structure is verified by calculating the Hamming distance (0.496 ± 0.02). The results show that EC exponentially improves to 24×10 000/(100 pixels)2. Furthermore, the encoding method based on the energy level does not depend on physical structure parameters, such as the size and position of the spin structure. Thus, it is protected from structural modeling attacks, resulting in high security. Moreover, PUF labels based on PDMS flexible substrates can be employed for various flexible applications. In the proposed scheme, the information is encrypted by a four‐level two‐dimensional (2D) barcode and decoded by self‐developed PUF authentication software. The proposed scheme presents a way for developing next‐generation PUFs with super‐high EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The jumbo drill is a commonly used driving equipment in tunnel engineering. One of the key decision-making issues for reducing tunnel construction costs is to optimize the main driving parameters to increase the feed speed of the jumbo drill. The optimization of the driving parameters is supposed to meet the requirements of high reliability and efficiency due to the high risk and complex working conditions in tunnel engineering. The flaws of the existing optimization algorithms for driving parameter optimization lie in the low accuracy of the evaluation functions under complex working conditions and the low efficiency of the algorithms. To address the above problems, a driving parameter optimization method based on the XGBoost-DRWIACO framework with high accuracy and efficiency is proposed. A data-driven prediction model for feed speed based on XGBoost is established as the evaluation function, which has high accuracy under complex working conditions and ensures the high reliability of the optimized results. Meanwhile, an improved ant colony algorithm based on dimension reduction while iterating strategy (DRWIACO) is proposed. DRWIACO is supposed to improve efficiency by resolving inefficient iterations of the ant colony algorithm (ACO), which is manifested as falling into local optimum, converging slowly and converging with a slight fluctuation in a certain dimension. Experimental results show that the error by the proposed framework is less than 10%, and the efficiency is increased by over 30% compared with the comparison methods, which meets the requirements of high reliability and efficiency for tunnel construction. More importantly, the construction cost is reduced by 19% compared with the actual feed speed, which improves the economic benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Salsola laricifolia is a typical C3–C4 typical desert plant, belonging to the family Amaranthaceae. An efficient single-cell system is crucial to study the gene function of this plant. In this study, we optimized the experimental conditions by using Box-Behnken experimental design and Response Surface Methodology (RSM)-Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model based on the previous studies. Results: Among the 17 experiment groups designed by Box-Behnken experimental design, the maximum yield (1.566 × 106/100 mg) and the maximum number of viable cells (1.367 × 106/100 mg) were obtained in group 12, and the maximum viability (90.81%) was obtained in group 5. Based on these results, both the RSM and ANN models were employed for evaluating the impact of experimental factors. By RSM model, cellulase R-10 content was the most influential factor on protoplast yield, followed by macerozyme R-10 content and mannitol concentration. For protoplast viability, the macerozyme R-10 content had the highest influence, followed by cellulase R-10 content and mannitol concentration. The RSM model performed better than the ANN model in predicting yield and viability. However, the ANN model showed significant improvement in predicting the number of viable cells. After comprehensive evaluation of the protoplast yield, the viability and number of viable cells, the optimal results was predicted by ANN yield model and tested. The amount of protoplast yield was 1.550 × 106/100 mg, with viability of 90.65% and the number of viable cells of 1.405 × 106/100 mg. The corresponding conditions were 1.98% cellulase R-10, 1.00% macerozyme R-10, and 0.50 mol L−1 mannitol. Using the obtained protoplasts, the reference genes (18SrRNA, β-actin and EF1-α) were screened for expression, and transformed with PEG-mediated pBI121-SaNADP-ME2-GFP plasmid vector. There was no significant difference in the expression of β-actin and EF1-α before and after treatment, suggesting that they can be used as internal reference genes in protoplast experiments. And SaNADP-ME2 localized in chloroplasts. Conclusion: The current study validated and evaluated the effectiveness and results of RSM and ANN in optimizing the conditions for protoplast preparation using S. laricifolia as materials. These two methods can be used independently of experimental materials, making them suitable for isolating protoplasts from other plant materials. The selection of the number of viable cells as an evaluation index for protoplast experiments is based on its ability to consider both protoplast yield and viability. The findings of this study provide an efficient single-cell system for future genetic experiments in S. laricifolia and can serve as a reference method for preparing protoplasts from other materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To investigate the short-term and long-term outcomes of preserving the celiac branch of the vagus nerve during laparoscopic distal gastrectomy. Methods: A total of 149 patients with prospective diagnosis of gastric cancer who underwent laparoscopic-assisted distal gastrectomy (LADG) combined with Billroth-II anastomosis and D2 lymph node dissection between 2017 and 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the preserved LADG group (P-LADG, n = 56) and the resected LADG group (R-LADG, n = 93) according to whether the vagus nerve celiac branch was preserved. We selected 56 patients (P-LADG, n = 56) with preservation of the celiac branch of the vagus nerve and 56 patients (R-LADG, n = 56) with removal of the celiac branch of the vagus nerve by propensity-matched score method. Postoperative nutritional status, weight change, short-term and long-term postoperative complications, and gallstone formation were evaluated in both groups at 5 years of postoperative follow-up. The status of residual gastritis and bile reflux was assessed endoscopically at 12 months postoperatively. Results: The incidence of diarrhea at 5 years postoperatively was lower in the P-LADG group than in the R-LADG group (p < 0.05). In the multivariate logistic analysis, the removal of vagus nerve celiac branch was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of postoperative diarrhea (odds ratio = 3.389, 95% confidential interval = 1.143-10.049, p = 0.028). In the multivariate logistic analysis, the removal of vagus nerve celiac branch was an independent risk factor for the occurrence of postoperative diarrhea (odds ratio = 4.371, 95% confidential interval = 1.418-13.479, p = 0.010). Conclusions: Preservation of the celiac branch of the vagus nerve in LADG reduced the incidence of postoperative diarrhea postoperatively in gastric cancer. Trial registration: This study was registered with the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University in 2014 under the registration number: LCKY2014-04(X). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Preclinical and epidemiological studies suggest that proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) had a potential effect on the development of SLE, but it was unclear whether a causal relationship exists. We aimed to investigate the association between genetically proxied inhibition of PCSK9 and the risk of SLE using a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Methods: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with PCSK9 were extracted from pooled data obtained from the Global Lipid Genetics Consortium (GLGC) Genome‐wide Association Study (GWAS) related to LDL‐c levels, which was used as a proxy for PCSK9 inhibition. Pooled statistics for SLE were obtained from an independent GWAS dataset including 5201 SLE patients and 9066 controls. Inverse variance‐weighted random‐effects models were used to examine the association between genetically proxied inhibition of PCSK9 and the risk of SLE. MR‐Egger, weighted median, weighted mode, Simple mode, and co‐location analyses were used as sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the analyses. Results: Genetically proxied inhibition of PCSK9 was associated with a reduced risk of SLE (OR = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.34 to 0.77, p =.001). This finding was replicated in an earlier GLGC GWAS analysis (OR = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.40 to 0.87, p =.007). Sensitivity analysis ensured that the results were robust. Co‐localization analysis did not find evidence of shared causal variation between PCSK9 and SLE. Conclusions: This Mendelian randomization study showed that PCSK9 was associated with SLE pathogenesis, and its inhibition was associated with a reduced risk of SLE. This study has offered a prospective therapeutic avenue for intervening in the progression of SLE by inhibiting PCSK9 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent article in the journal Insect Science discusses the development of a new CRISPR-dCas9-METTL4 epigenome editing tool that can methylate target regions to achieve site-specific DNA 6mA methylation in the silkworm Bombyx mori. The study investigates the role of 6mA DNA modification in regulating gene expression and explores the molecular mechanism of 6mA in target gene expression. The researchers successfully constructed a dCas9-METTL4 fusion protein and demonstrated its ability to induce site-specific methylation on DNA adenines. The study provides valuable insights into the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through site-specific 6mA modification in cultured silkworm cells. [Extracted from the article]

The authors developed a simple extensible external fixator, which has the advantages of easy application and inexpensiveness. The present study aimed to make a comparison between this external fixator and calcaneal traction in preoperative temporary fixation for malaligned ankle fractures and pilon fractures. From May 2020 to February 2022, patients with malaligned ankle fractures or Rüedi-Allgöwer type 2 or 3 pilon fractures with obvious soft tissue swelling were retrospectively reviewed and divided into the calcaneal traction group and the external fixation group. The two groups of patients were matched 1:1 before making comparisons. A total of 38 patients were included. Higher General Comfort Questionnaire score and lower visual analog scale score were noticed in the external fixation group during hospitalization (p < 0.05), while the operation latency time, total cost, patient satisfaction, and functional outcomes one year after surgery were not significantly different between the two groups. No wound complications were observed. Preoperative temporary fixation for fractures around the ankle using this simple extensible external fixator significantly improves patient comfort when compared to calcaneal traction. III, retrospective comparative study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A high crystallinity, large surface area and stable imine COF was synthesized. • TADM COF grows in situ on the surface of oxide NPs to form core–shell composites. • Synergistic effect of Co 3 O 4 , TADM COF and MWCNT facilitates sensing of DNA purine bases. • The sensor is successfully used to determine G and A in thermally denatured herring sperm DNA. • In situ grown COF endows high conductivity, stability and final sensing performance. In this work, a covalent organic framework (TADM-COF) with high crystallinity and large specific surface area (2597 m2 g−1) has been successfully synthesized using 1,3,5-(4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-phenyldiformaldehyde (DMTP). The COF was grown in situ on oxide particles to form core–shell nanocomposites (SiO 2 @TADM COF, Fe 3 O 4 @TADM COF and Co 3 O 4 @TADM COF) to realize its function as a shell material. Among them, the Co 3 O 4 @TADM COF with the highest electrochemical response to purine bases was further cross-linked with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) to construct a novel electrochemical sensor (Co 3 O 4 @TADM COF/MWCNT/GCE) for detection of purine bases. In this nanocomposite, Co 3 O 4 possesses rich catalytic active sites, MWCNT ensures superior electrical conductivity and COF provides a stable environment for electrocatalytic reactions as the shell. At the same time, regular pore structure of the COFs also offers smooth channels for the transfer of analytes to the catalytic site. The synergistic effect among the three components showed remarkable sensing performance for the simultaneous detection of guanine (G) and adenine (A) with a wide linear range of 0.6–180 μM and low limits of detection (LODs) of 0.020 μM for G and 0.024 μM for A (S/N = 3), respectively. The developed sensor platform was also successfully applied in the detection of purine bases in thermally denatured herring DNA extract. The work provided a general strategy for amplifying signal of COF and its composite in the electrochemical sensing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have found wide applications in the field of supercapacitors due to their highly controllable porous structure, big specific surface area, and abundant chemical functional groups. MOF-on-MOF hybrids not only enhance the composition of MOFs (such as ligands and/or metal centers) but also provide greater structural diversity. By utilizing MOFs as precursors for preparing sulfides, the unique characteristics and inherent structure of MOFs are preserved but their conductivity and capacitance are enhanced. This study successfully synthesized hollow-structured Ni3S4@Co3S4 derived from an Ni-MOF@ZIF-67 hybrid structure, where the Ni-MOF serves as the core and ZIF-67 as the satellite. The Ni3S4@Co3S4 electrode demonstrated a specific capacity as high as 747.3 C g−1 at 1 A g−1, and it could still maintain 77% of its initial capacity at 10 A g−1. Furthermore, the assembled Ni3S4@Co3S4//AC hybrid supercapacitor (HSC) device achieved a maximum energy density of 30.8 W h kg−1 when the power density was 750 W kg−1. The device exhibited remarkable cycling durability, retaining 85.4% of its initial capacitance after 5000 cycles. Therefore, the derived functional materials based on MOF-on-MOF provide a more scalable and promising approach for the preparation of efficient electrode materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the bond behavior of glass aggregate–reinforced concrete (GARC) after freeze–thaw cycles, considering a number of freeze–thaw cycles (10, 20, and 30) and fine aggregate replacement rates (25%, 50%, and 75%) as variable parameters. Sixteen groups of specimens were designed to conduct central pullout tests after freeze–thaw cycles, and the bond–slip curves of each group were plotted. The bond performance of the GARC and its failure mechanism after freeze–thaw cycles were examined by analyzing the failure mode, ultimate bond strength, peak displacement, and bond stiffness. The results indicated that freeze–thaw cycles had a deteriorating effect on the bond performance of GARC. However, under the effect of the same number of freeze–thaw cycles, in comparison with the bonding performance of natural aggregate–reinforced concrete, GARC exhibited a higher resistance to the deterioration effect of freeze–thaw cycles, which was enhanced by increasing the replacement rate. In addition, the optimization effect of glass sand on the bonding properties became increasingly prominent as the freeze–thaw cycle deepened. Therefore, after freeze–thaw cycles, GARC exhibited excellent bonding behavior, and 75% GARC exhibited the best bonding performance. Based on the experimental data, considering the number of freeze–thaw cycles and aggregate replacement rate, the bond–slip constitutive equation of GARC after freeze–thaw conditions was established. Glass aggregate–reinforced concrete has excellent resistance to freeze–thaw cycle damage. After freeze–thaw cycles, glass aggregate concrete has better bonding performance with reinforcement than natural aggregate concrete, and the degree of improvement is related to the replacement rate of glass sand. The bond mechanism between the glass aggregate concrete and reinforcement was explained after freeze–thaw cycles. The research results proved the potential capacity and advantages of glass aggregate concrete under a complex environment and demonstrated the research potential of glass aggregate concrete. In addition, this study provided a new approach to improving the resistance of conventional concrete materials to complex environments. By replacing part of the river sand in concrete with glass sand, the resistance of concrete to freeze–thaw cyclic damage could be significantly improved without affecting the mechanical properties of reinforced concrete. This could also effectively address the problem of recycling waste glass and increasing shortage of river sand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been increasing application of autologous costal chondral/osteochondral transplantation (ACCT/ACOT) and costa‐derived chondrocyte implantation (ACCI) for articular cartilage repair over the past three decades. This review presents the major evidence on the properties of costal cartilage and bone and their qualifications as grafts for articular cartilage repair, the major clinical applications, and the risks and strategies for costal chondral/osteochondral graft(s) harvest. First, costal cartilage has many specific properties that help restore the articular surface. Costa, which can provide abundant cartilage and cylindrical corticocancellous bone, preserves permanent chondrocyte and is the largest source of hyaline cartilage. Second, in the past three decades, autologous costal cartilage‐derived grafts, including cartilage, osteochondral graft(s), and chondrocyte, have expanded their indications in trauma and orthopaedic therapy from small to large joints, from the upper to lower limbs, and from non‐weight‐bearing to weight‐bearing joints. Third, the rate of donor‐site complications of ACCT or ACOT is low, acceptable, and controllable, and some skills and accumulated experience can help reduce the risks of ACCT and ACOT. Costal cartilage‐derived autografting is a promising technique and could be an ideal option for articular chondral lesions with or without subchondral cysts. More high‐quality clinical studies are urgently needed to help us further understand the clinical value of such technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical adhesives are crucial for achieving rapid hemostasis and immediate wound management during clinical interventions. However, developing a tissue adhesive that combines instant adhesive strength with biodegradability in dynamic, wet, or hemorrhagic biological environments remains a persistent challenge. Here, a biodegradable supramolecular tissue adhesive with robust instant adhesion to wet tissue surfaces within 5 s is presented. The distinctive synergy of surface‐rich adhesive groups and the hydrophobic main chain enables the adhesive to surmount the hydration layer on the tissue surface, ensuring rapid adhesion. Importantly, the internal structure of this supramolecular adhesive significantly contributes to its exceptional holding adhesion strength. Additionally, in vivo experiments using a rat liver incision model and a skin injury model are conducted. These experiments demonstrate its effectiveness in emergency hemostasis and wound management. Consequently, this supramolecular tissue adhesive exhibits significant potential in surgical applications, addressing critical needs in urgent clinical scenarios and potentially making valuable contributions to the medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, dual-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has been employed in the management of hematological malignancies to mitigate treatment failure, particularly in cases of antigen escape. The most widely used approaches include CD19/CD20, CD20/CD22, and BCMA/CD19 CAR T-cells. Alternative immune cells, including natural killer T cells and invariant natural killer T cells, exhibit innate anti-tumor activity and reduced toxicity. This review summarizes several recent clinical trial reports and preclinical studies from the 2023 American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting on dual-targeted CAR T-cell immunotherapy for hematological malignancies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The duality of cyberloafing is a topic that has always been debated. Considering this, the purpose of this paper is to classify cyberloafing and explore the antecedents of different degrees of cyberloafing and their different effects on job satisfaction. Using the Technology-Organisation-Environment Framework and the conservation of resources theory, this paper proposes a research model to investigate the mediation mechanism of cyberloafing. Using the partial least square method (PLS) SEM method to analyze 294 employees’ data, the results show that: (1) Work-related enterprise social media usage only negatively affects serious cyberloafing, while social-related enterprise social media usage only positively affects minor cyberloafing. (2) The impact of perceived IT control policy on minor cyberloafing was not statistically significant, while negatively affected serious cyberloafing. In terms of environment factors, the study shows that prescriptive norms and work overload have opposite effects on cyberloafing, with work overload having no significant effect on minor cyberloafing. Significantly, policy satisfaction plays a significant moderating role between environment factors and cyberloafing. (3) Minor cyberloafing positively affects job satisfaction, while serious cyberloafing negatively affects job satisfaction. Our findings provide instrumental insights into how enterprise managers manage employees to improve employees’ job satisfaction, control different degrees of cyberloafing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harnessing unconventional noncovalent interactions (NCIs) is emerging as a formidable synthetic approach in difficult‐to‐access glycosidic chemical space. C‐Glycosylation, in particular, has gained a flurry of recent attention. However, most reported methods are restricted to the relatively facile access to α‐C‐glycosides. Herein, we disclose a β‐stereoselective glycosylation of indoles by employing a phosphonoselenide catalyst. The robustness of this protocol is exemplified by its amenability for reaction at both the indolyl C‐ and N‐ reactivity sites. In contrast to previous reports, in which the chalcogens were solely involved in Lewis acidic activation, our mechanistic investigation unraveled that the often neglected flanking aromatic substituents of phosphonoselenides can substantially contribute to catalysis by engaging in π‐interactions. Computations and NMR spectroscopy indicated that the chalcogenic and aromatic components of the catalyst can be collectively exploited to foster conformational distortion of the glycal away from the usual half‐chair to the boat conformation, which liberates the convex β‐face for nucleophilic attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Harnessing unconventional noncovalent interactions (NCIs) is emerging as a formidable synthetic approach in difficult‐to‐access glycosidic chemical space. C‐Glycosylation, in particular, has gained a flurry of recent attention. However, most reported methods are restricted to the relatively facile access to α‐C‐glycosides. Herein, we disclose a β‐stereoselective glycosylation of indoles by employing a phosphonoselenide catalyst. The robustness of this protocol is exemplified by its amenability for reaction at both the indolyl C‐ and N‐ reactivity sites. In contrast to previous reports, in which the chalcogens were solely involved in Lewis acidic activation, our mechanistic investigation unraveled that the often neglected flanking aromatic substituents of phosphonoselenides can substantially contribute to catalysis by engaging in π‐interactions. Computations and NMR spectroscopy indicated that the chalcogenic and aromatic components of the catalyst can be collectively exploited to foster conformational distortion of the glycal away from the usual half‐chair to the boat conformation, which liberates the convex β‐face for nucleophilic attack. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pentacyclic triterpenoids exhibit a wide range of biological activities which have wide applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. High-performance chassis strains have been developed for the production of various pentacyclic triterpenoids, e.g., lupane-type and oleanane-type triterpenoids. The production of common pentacyclic triterpenes and their derivatives is limited by the poor activity of typical pentacyclic triterpene synthases (PTSs). However, a general strategy applicable to typical PTSs is still lacking. As typical pentacyclic triterpenes are derived from the baccharenyl cation, engineering the non-active-site residues in the MXXXXR motif might be beneficial for the catalytic efficiencies of typical PTSs by the stabilization of the baccharenyl cation. Here, we develop a general strategy for improving the activity of typical PTSs. As a proof of concept, the activity of three PTSs such as lupeol synthase, β-amyrin synthase, and α-amyrin synthases was significantly increased up to 7.3-fold by site-directed saturation mutagenesis. This strategy could be applied to improve the activity of various typical PTSs. Key points: • The strategy could be applied to typical PTSs for improving the activity. • The catalytic activity of typical PTSs was significantly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperation within asymmetric populations has garnered significant attention in evolutionary games. This paper explores cooperation evolution in populations with weak and strong players, using a game model where players choose between cooperation and defection. Asymmetry stems from different benefits for strong and weak cooperators, with their benefit ratio indicating the degree of asymmetry. Varied rankings of parameters including the asymmetry degree, cooperation costs, and benefits brought by weak players give rise to scenarios including the prisoner's dilemma (P D G) for both player types, the snowdrift game (S D G), and mixed P D G – S D G interactions. Our results indicate that in an infinite well-mixed population, defection remains the dominant strategy when strong players engage in the prisoner's dilemma game. However, if strong players play snowdrift games, global cooperation increases with the proportion of strong players. In this scenario, strong cooperators can prevail over strong defectors when the proportion of strong players is low, but the prevalence of cooperation among strong players decreases as their proportion increases. In contrast, within a square lattice, the optimum global cooperation emerges at intermediate proportions of strong players with moderate degrees of asymmetry. Additionally, weak players protect cooperative clusters from exploitation by strong defectors. This study highlights the complex dynamics of cooperation in asymmetric interactions, contributing to the theory of cooperation in asymmetric games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spatial distribution of gas emitted from an odor source provides valuable information regarding the composition, size, and localization of the odor source. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) gas sensors exhibit ultra-high sensitivity, molecular specificity, rapid response, and large-area detection. In this paper, a SERS gas sensor array was developed for visualizing the spatial distribution of gas evaporated from benzaldehyde and 4-ethylbenzaldehyde odor sources. The SERS spectra of the gas were collected by scanning the sensor array using an automatic detection system. The non-negative matrix factorization algorithm was employed to extract feature and concentration information at each spot on the sensor array. A heatmap image was generated for visualizing the gas spatial distribution using concentration information. Gaussian fitting was applied to process the image for localizing the odor source. The size of the odor source was estimated using the processed image. Moreover, the spectra of benzaldehyde, 4-ethylbenzaldehyde, and their gas mixture were simultaneously detected using one SERS sensor array. The feature information was recognized using a convolutional neural network with an accuracy of 98.21%. As a result, the benzaldehyde and 4-ethylbenzaldehyde odor sources were identified and visualized. Our research findings have various potential applications, including odor source localization, environmental monitoring, and healthcare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 47-year-old man with pneumonia, skin lesions, and fever refractory to antibiotics. It mentions the diagnosis of Disseminated Mycobacterium kansasii infection, highlighting the challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Topics discussed include clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment regimens for this uncommon infection.

A thorough evaluation of the recently released Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) is critical for both end-users and algorithm developers. In this study, six products from three versions of GSMaP version 8, including real time (NOW-R and NOW-C), near real time (NRT-R and NRT-C), and post-real time (MVK-R and MVK-C), are systematically and quantitatively evaluated based on time-by-time observations from 2167 stations in mainland China. Among each version, both products with and without gauge correction are adopted to detect the gauge correction effect. Error quantification is carried out on an hourly timescale. Three common statistical indices (i.e., correlation coefficient (CC), relative bias (RB), and root mean square error (RMSE)) and three event detection capability indices (i.e., probability of detection (POD), false alarm ratio (FAR), and critical success index (CSI)) were adopted to analyze the inversion errors in precipitation amount and precipitation event frequency across the various products. Additionally, in this study, we examine the dependence of GSMaP errors on rainfall intensity and elevation. The following main results can be concluded: (1) MVK-C exhibits the best ability to retrieve rainfall on the hourly timescale, with higher CC values (0.31 in XJ to 0.47 in SC), smaller RMSE values (0.14 mm/h in XJ to 0.99 mm/h in SC), and lower RB values (−4.78% in XJ to 16.03% in NC). (2) Among these three versions, the gauge correction procedure plays a crucial role in reducing errors, especially in the post-real-time version. After being corrected, MVK-C demonstrates an obvious CC value improvement (>0.3 on the hourly timescale) in various sub-regions, increasing the percentage of sites with CC values above 0.5 from 0.03% (MVK-R) to 28.47% (MVK-C). (3) GSMaP products generally exhibit error dependencies on precipitation intensity and elevation, particularly in areas with drastic elevation changes (such as 1200–1500 m and 3000–3300 m), where the accuracy of satellite precipitation estimates is significantly affected. (4) CC values decreased with an increasing rainfall intensity; RB and RMSE values increased with an increasing rainfall intensity. The results of this study may be helpful for algorithm developers and end-users and provide a scientific reference for different hydrological applications and disaster risk reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pentacyclic triterpenoids exhibit a wide range of biological activities which have wide applications in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. High-performance chassis strains have been developed for the production of various pentacyclic triterpenoids, e.g., lupane-type and oleanane-type triterpenoids. The production of common pentacyclic triterpenes and their derivatives is limited by the poor activity of typical pentacyclic triterpene synthases (PTSs). However, a general strategy applicable to typical PTSs is still lacking. As typical pentacyclic triterpenes are derived from the baccharenyl cation, engineering the non-active-site residues in the MXXXXR motif might be beneficial for the catalytic efficiencies of typical PTSs by the stabilization of the baccharenyl cation. Here, we develop a general strategy for improving the activity of typical PTSs. As a proof of concept, the activity of three PTSs such as lupeol synthase, β-amyrin synthase, and α-amyrin synthases was significantly increased up to 7.3-fold by site-directed saturation mutagenesis. This strategy could be applied to improve the activity of various typical PTSs. Key points: • The strategy could be applied to typical PTSs for improving the activity. • The catalytic activity of typical PTSs was significantly increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study used the functional Lactobacillus acidophilus producing α-amylase, protease, phytases and β-mannanase to carry out cooperative fermentation of soybean meal. The effects of the inoculating amount, fermentation temperature, fermentation time and the ratio of water to material on the content of acid-soluble protein were studied by the single factor experiment. On this basis, through Box-Behnken design experiment, the quadratic regression model was established, and the optimal fermentation conditions were the inoculated amount of bacterial liquid of 12.3%, the fermentation time of 78.9 h, the fermentation temperature of 36.8 °C, and the ratio of water to material of 0.9 L/kg. Under these conditions, the crude protein content increased by 15.13%, the acid-soluble protein content increased by 66.91%, hemicellulose content decreased by 24.93%, the free amino acid content was 11.62 times higher before fermentation, the trypsin inhibitor content decreased by 91.68%, the urease activity decreased by 95.67%, the phytic acid content decreased by 83.87%, and the viable bacteria count in fermented soybean meal was 1.37x1010 CFU/g. The study indicates that the composite strain fermentation mode can effectively improve the nutrient composition of soybean meal and remove antinutrient factors, so as to improve the utilization rate of soybean meal and provide a reference for the industrial production of fermented soybean meal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rock burst disaster affects underground mining safety. The energy-absorbing hydraulic support for preventing tunnel impact has been implemented in rock burst mines. In order to compare the impact resistance characteristics of conventional columns and energy-absorbing columns, based on the derivation of energy theory, the CEL fluid–solid coupling simulation algorithm is used to simulate the process of static load 1000 kN superimposed impact load 1500 kN on φ180 mm type conventional column and energy-absorbing column. Combined with the static-dynamic combined test of the 6500 kN impact testing machine on the column, the accuracy and reliability of the CEL simulation column impact response are verified. The results showed that compared with conventional columns, the reaction force of energy-absorbing columns is reduced by 32.55%. The stress and expansion of the cylinder are significantly reduced. The acceleration of the mass movement has been reduced by 59.46%. The addition of the energy-absorbing device enhances the system's energy absorption by 33.46%, thereby reducing the energy absorption of the column itself to 23.58%. Additionally, the deformation of the energy-absorbing device increases the effective displacement by 239.45%. This also prolongs the impact duration, ensuring sufficient time for the safety valve to open, safeguarding the support from damage, and enhancing the overall integrity of the tunnel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of a simple and sensitive electrochemical sensing platform for levofloxacin (LVF) analysis is of great significance to human health. In this work, a covalent organic framework (TP-COF) was in situ grown on the surface of Sn-MoC nanospheres with nanoflower-like morphology through a one-pot method to obtain the TP-COF@Sn-MoC composite. The prepared composite was used to modify a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to realize the sensitive detection of levofloxacin. TP-COF was formed by polycondensation of 2,4,6-tris(4-aminophenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TAPT) and pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), in which C = O and C = N groups served as double active centers for the recognition and electrocatalytic oxidation of the target molecule. Meanwhile, the introduction of Sn-MoC improved the conductivity of the electrode. The TP-COF@Sn-MoC composite produced a strong synergistic effect and showed a high electrocatalytic ability toward levofloxacin oxidation. The linear range of LVF was 0.6–1000 μM and the limit of detection (LOD) was 0.029 μM (S/N = 3). In addition, the sensor has been successfully applied for the analysis of LVF in human urine and blood serum samples with acceptable recovery rates, demonstrating that the sensor was promising in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The alternative extension of the telomeres (ALT) mechanism is activated in lower grade glioma (LGG), but the role of the ALT mechanism has not been well discussed. The primary purpose was to demonstrate the significance of the ALT mechanism in prognosis estimation for LGG patients. Method: Gene expression and clinical data of LGG patients were collected from the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort, respectively. ALT-related genes obtained from the TelNet database and potential prognostic genes related to ALT were selected by LASSO regression to calculate an ALT-related risk score. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to construct a prognosis signature, and a nomogram was used to represent this signature. Possible pathways of the ALT-related risk score are explored by enrichment analysis. Result: The ALT-related risk score was calculated based on the LASSO regression coefficients of 22 genes and then divided into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the median. The ALT-related risk score is an independent predictor of LGG (HR and 95% CI in CGGA cohort: 5.70 (3.79, 8.58); in TCGA cohort: 1.96 (1.09, 3.54)). ROC analysis indicated that the model contained ALT-related risk score was superior to conventional clinical features (AUC: 0.818 vs 0.729) in CGGA cohorts. The results in the TCGA cohort also shown a powerful ability of ALT-related risk score (AUC: 0.766 vs 0.691). The predicted probability and actual probability of the nomogram are consistent. Enrichment analysis demonstrated that the ALT mechanism was involved in the cell cycle, DNA repair, immune processes, and others. Conclusion: ALT-related risk score based on the 22-gene is an important factor in predicting the prognosis of LGG patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The detection of inshore ships in Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images is seriously disturbed by shore buildings, especially for closely arranged inshore ships whose appearance is similar when compared with detection of deep-sea ships. There are many interference factors such as speckle noise, cross sidelobes, and defocusing in SAR images. These factors can seriously interfere with feature extraction, and the traditional Fully Convolutional One-Stage (FCOS) network often cannot effectively distinguish small-scale ships from backgrounds. Additionally, for closely arranged inshore ships, missed detections and inaccurate positioning often occur. In this paper, a method of inshore ship detection based on Bi-directional Attention Feature Pyramid Network (BAFPN) is proposed. In order to improve the detection ability of small-scale ships, the BAFPN is based on the FCOS network, which connects a Convolutional Block Attention Module (CBAM) to each feature map of the pyramid and can extract rich semantic features. Then, the idea from Path-Aggregation Network (PANet) is adopted to splice a bottom-up pyramid structure behind the original pyramid structure, further highlighting the features of different scales and improving the ability of the network to accurately locate ships under complex backgrounds, thereby avoiding missed detections in closely arranged inshore ship detection. Finally, a weighted feature fusion method is proposed, which makes the feature information extracted from the feature map have different focuses and can improve the accuracy of ship detection. Experiments on SAR image ship datasets show that the mAP for the SSDD and HRSID reached 0.902 and 0.839 respectively. The proposed method can effectively improve the ship positioning accuracy while maintaining a fast detection speed, and achieves better results for ship detection under complex background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of flexible and adaptable multifunctional sensing systems for human–machine interaction, especially for animal voice‐emotion identification, is highly desirable yet quite challenging. Herein, a multifunctional triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) based on ordered hierarchical microhump arrays is proposed and fabricated by template‐assisted electrospinning with a facile, low‐cost, and expandable manufacturing process. Performances of a single‐electrode TENG based on the patterned nanofiber films with microhump arrays (NFM‐TENG) are studied in detail by varying mesh number of the template. Electric field structure of the collector is altered by pore sizes, wire diameters, and protrusions of the receiving templates subjected to different mesh numbers, generating different degrees of microhump arrays on the surface of the nanofiber film. NFM‐TENG demonstrates high sensitivity (15.94 mV Pa−1), fast response and recovery time (76 and 58 ms), a large power density of 122 mW m−2, and excellent ability of structural retention. Integrated with four functions of energy harvesting, pressure sensing, human physiological sensing, and animal voice‐emotion identification, NFM‐TENG achieves real‐time monitoring of human physiological, motion, handwriting, and animal voice‐emotion signals without an external power supply. This study shows significant application strategies for self‐powered human–machine interaction devices, novel animal voice‐emotion identification, biodiversity conservation, and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To reduce the economic losses caused by debt evasion amongst lost-link borrowers (LBs) and improve the efficiency of finding information on LBs, this paper focuses on the cross-platform information collaborative search optimization problem for LBs. Given the limitations of platform/system heterogeneity, data type diversity, and the complexity of collaborative control in cross-platform information search for LBs, a collaborative search model for LBs' information based on multi-agent technology is proposed. Additionally, a multi-agent Q-learning algorithm for the collaborative scheduling of multi-search subtasks is designed. We use the Q-learning algorithm based on function approximation to update the description model of the LBs. The multi-agent collaborative search problem is transformed into a reinforcement learning problem by defining search states, search actions, and reward functions. The results indicate that: (i) this model greatly improves the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the search for key information of LBs compared with traditional search engines; (ii) during searching for the information of LBs, the agent is more inclined to search on platforms and data types with larger environmental rewards, and the multi-agent Q-learning algorithm has a stronger ability to acquire information value than the transition probability matrix algorithm and the probability statistical algorithm for the same number of searches; (iii) the optimal search times of the multi-agent Q-learning algorithm are between 14 and 100. Users can flexibly set the number of searches within this range. It is significant for improving the efficiency of finding key information related to LBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spatial regression models, spatial heterogeneity may be considered with either continuous or discrete specifications. The latter is related to delineation of spatially connected regions with homogeneous relationships between variables (spatial regimes). Although various regionalization algorithms have been proposed and studied in the field of spatial analytics, methods to optimize spatial regimes have been largely unexplored. In this paper, we propose two new algorithms for spatial regime delineation, two-stage K-Models and Regional-K-Models. We also extend the classic Automatic Zoning Procedure to a spatial regression context. The proposed algorithms are applied to a series of synthetic datasets and two real-world datasets. Results indicate that all three algorithms achieve superior or comparable performance to existing approaches, while the two-stage K-Models algorithm largely outperforms existing approaches on model fitting, region reconstruction and coefficient estimation. Our work enriches the spatial analytics toolbox to explore spatial heterogeneous processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantification of plant diversity–productivity relationships is essential for accurate productivity assessments. Global change drivers are altering resource availability and biodiversity. However, the extent to which multiple attributes of diversity (species, functions) buffer community productivity in response to the resource availability changes and the potential driver mechanisms of the diversity‐productivity relationship still needs to be the consensus. We investigated the ephemeral plant diversity–productivity relationships of different attributes along a precipitation gradient in the Gurbantunggut Desert, China. To evaluate the potential mechanisms by which diversity and functional composition affect aboveground productivity (niche complementarity and selection effect). Our results showed that (1) the variance of species richness (SR), Rao's quadratic entropy (RaoQ), community‐weighted mean of height (CWMH), and community‐weighted mean of leaf phosphorus concentration (CWMP) was larger among sites (variation between different sites) than subplots (variation between different subplots). Among subplots, the variance of community‐weighted mean of specific leaf area (CWMSLA), community‐weighted mean of leaf carbon concentration (CWMC), and community‐weighted mean of leaf nitrogen concentration (CWMN) was larger than the sites. (2) SR, RaoQ, CWMC, CWMN, CWMH, pH, and mean annual precipitation (MAP) collectively influenced the accumulation of aboveground biomass (AGB). (3) Species diversity and MAP have strongly affected AGB and accounted for 50% and 42%. The study confirms that SR is the optimal predictor of biomass in ephemeral plants. Complementation effects may be the primary mechanism explaining the relationship between biodiversity and productivity in the Gurbantunggut Desert, and thus the effect of plant diversity cannot be downplayed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLT) is a common and clinically challenging disease. The optimal management is still under debate. The purpose of this prospective study was to investigate the feasibility and clinical outcomes of autologous costal osteochondral transplantation (ACOT) for the treatment of cystic OLT. Methods: From November 2021 to April 2023, five patients underwent autologous costal osteochondral transplantation (ACOT) for cystic OLT. The demographic data was described, including age, gender, lesion size and location. We prospectively evaluated their functional and imaging outcomes of the five patients for 12 months postoperatively, including numeric rating score (NRS) for pain when walking, Tegner score, American Orthopedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and Foot and Ankle Ability Measure (FAAM) score, and imaging results. A paired t‐test was used for preoperative and postoperative comparison of the paired‐design dataset. Results: The average age was 36.6 ± 11.1 years. The average diameter of chondral lesions was 14.95 ± 2.71 mm, the average diameter of subchondral cysts was 10.66 ± 1.84 mm, and their average depth was 10.40 ± 1.86 mm. At 12 months postoperatively, the clinical function indexes improved significantly, including NRS (from 5.2 ± 2.3 to 0), Tegner score (from 3.2 ± 0.4 to 5.8 ± 0.4), AOFAS score (from 72.8 ± 10.0 to 98.2 ± 4.0), and FAAM score (FAAM/ADL from 61.2 ± 24.7 to 99.3 ± 1.6; FAAM/Sports from 32.5 ± 13.73 to 96.3 ± 8.4). Their magnetic resonance observation of cartilage repair tissue (MOCART) scores reached 78.0 ± 7.6 points. ICRS scores of three patients were nearly normal (10 or 11 points). The biopsy of the surviving grafts showed plenty of hyaline cartilage matrix and scattered chondrocytes histologically. No major severe complications were reported during the 12 months follow‐up. Conclusion: ACOT could significantly relieve the symptoms of patients with OLT and improve their clinical function at short‐term follow‐up. ACOT might be a feasible and useful method for repairing OLT with subchondral cysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tectonic activity, geothermal fluids, and microseismic events (MSEs) tend to occur in similar locations as a result of spatiotemporal changes in the subsurface stress state. To quantify this association, we analyze data from a dense seismic array deployed at the San Emidio geothermal field, Nevada for 1 week in December 2016 to coincide with a 19.45‐hr shutdown of all injection and production pumping operations. 123 MSEs were detected, of which 101 occurred during the shutdown. The spatial association of the MSEs with the production wells suggests a causal relationship between the production cessation and the MSEs. Here we performed a detailed analysis to investigate reservoir material properties, distribution of seismically activated faults, and local stress state. We determined the hypocenters, magnitudes, and focal mechanisms for the MSEs, P‐wave tomographic velocity model, and local stress tensor. The results show that most MSEs occurred near the production wells. Magnitudes fall between −2.2 and 0.0 with larger events located closer to the production wells. Most MSEs occurred within a westward‐dipping normal fault zone in the reservoir associated with anomalously low P‐wave velocity values. The focal mechanism and stress inversion results show predominantly normal faulting with the maximum horizontal stress oriented north‐south. We suggest that the MSEs during shutdown were triggered on pre‐existing, small‐scale, critically stressed fault patches in the reservoir as the pore pressure increased around the production wells when the production pumping ceased. We interpret the larger MSE magnitudes closer to the production wells as a result of higher pore pressure increase. Plain Language Summary: Microseismic events (MSEs) associated with production and injection of oil, gas, and water have been observed in many locations. In December 2016, a seismic array with 1,302 instruments was deployed at the geothermal field at San Emidio, Nevada, USA to coincide with a 19.45‐hr time interval when all pumping operations were temporarily shut down. The seismic network detected 123 MSEs, of which 101 occurred during the shutdown. To understand the physical mechanism driving these MSEs, we perform a detailed seismic and stress analysis with the seismic data collected at San Emidio in 2016. Our analysis includes estimating the hypocentral locations, magnitudes, and focal mechanisms of the microseismic events, forming 3‐dimensional images of P‐wave velocity via seismic tomography, and calculating the orientations of the principal axes of the local stress tensor. Our results show that most MSEs occurred within a normal fault zone in a fluid‐filled reservoir near the production wells. We suggest that the temporary cessation of production pumping increased the pore pressure, decreased the effective stress on the pre‐existing, critically stressed fault patches and fractures, and thereby enhanced the microseismicity. Key Points: We performed a detailed seismic analysis of microseismicity during a short, planned pumping cessation at the San Emidio geothermal fieldThe microseismicity likely occurred on critically stressed faults and fractures due to pore pressure increase when production pumping ceasedThere may be a positive correlation between pore pressure increase and microseismic event magnitude [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Experimental data on R290 flow boiling inside a micro-fin tube were obtained. • Heat transfer coefficient and pressure drop distributions were analyzed. • Effects of conditions on the heat transfer characteristics were illustrated. • The experimental data were compared with several correlations. The present study focuses on the analysis of heat transfer and pressure drop of R290 in a horizontal micro-fin tube. In this regard, experiments were conducted, and flow patterns, heat transfer coefficient, and friction pressure drop were analyzed under various conditions. A wide range of conditions was studied, including saturation pressures ranging from 0.215 to 0.415 MPa, mass fluxes ranging from 70 to 190 kg m−2 s−1, heat fluxes in the range of 10.6–73.0 kW m−2, and vapor qualities from 0 to 0.96. The performed analyses revealed four flow patterns, including bubbly flow, plug flow, slug flow, and annular flow. It is found that the onset of dry-out occurs when the liquid film thickness is equal to the fin height and occurs earlier at high heat fluxes and low saturation pressures. The maximum heat transfer coefficient and friction pressure drop occur at the onset of dry-out, and the heat transfer coefficient exhibits a significant correlation with the heat flux. The obtained results were verified using the heat transfer correlation of Cavallini and the friction pressure drop correlation of Rollman, where the average relative deviation (ARD) was −24.01% and −8.65%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-nitro type reagents have been demonstrated as mild nitration tools in recent years. This work presents an exploration of direct nitration of aryl alkenes mediated by DNDMH, a novel N-nitro type reagent developed in our previous study. It exhibits herein a new property of DNDMH as an effective direct nitration reagent for aryl alkenes, through probably the delivery of nitro radicals with the aid of TEMPO and Cu(OAc)2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multispectral and hyperspectral image fusion (MHF) aims to reconstruct high-resolution hyperspectral images by fusing spatial and spectral information. Unlike the traditional canonical polyadic decomposition and Tucker decomposition models, the block-term tensor decomposition model is able to improve the quality of fused images using known endmember and abundance information. This paper presents an improved hyperspectral image fusion algorithm. Firstly, the two abundance matrices are combined into a single bulk matrix to promote structural sparsity by introducing the L 2 , 1 -norm to eliminate the scaling effects present in the model. Secondly, the counter-scaling effect is eliminated by adding the L 2 -norm to the endmember matrix. Finally, the chunk matrix and the endmember matrix are coupled together, and the matrix is reorganized by adding the L 2 , 1 -norm to the matrix to facilitate chunk elimination and solved using an extended iterative reweighted least squares (IRLS) method, focusing on the problem of the inability to accurately estimate the tensor rank in the chunk-term tensor decomposition model and the noise/artifact problem arising from overestimation of rank. Experiments are conducted on standard and local datasets, and the fusion results are compared and analyzed in four ways: visual result analysis, metric evaluation, time of the algorithm, and classification results, and the experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is better than the existing methods. An extensive performance evaluation of the algorithms is performed by conducting experiments on different datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves significant improvements in terms of reconstruction error, signal-to-noise ratio, and image quality compared with the existing methods. Especially in the case of a low signal-to-noise ratio, the proposed algorithm shows stronger robustness and accuracy. These results show that the proposed algorithm has significant advantages in dealing with multispectral high-resolution hyperspectral data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are battery-type supercapacitor electrode materials with application potential due to their abundant active metal sites and surface functional groups. The traditional LDH structure easily aggregates and collapses. In this work, a stable cobalt zeolite imidazole framework (Co-ZIF) was used as the derived template to grow LDH nanosheets in situ to increase the contact area with the electrolyte, and polyaniline (PANI) acted as a conductive bridge to provide a rapid charge transfer pathway. The fabricated NiCo-LDH@PANI hollow structure demonstrated a specific capacity of 1315 C g−1 at 1 A g−1 and achieved a rate capacity of 951 C g−1 at 20 A g−1. Furthermore, the battery–supercapacitor hybrid device (NiCo-LDH@PANI//AC) exhibited an high energy density of 66.2 W h kg−1 at a power density of 800 W kg−1 with 95.5% capacitance retention after 20 000 cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Moderate exercise benefits bone health, but excessive loading leads to bone fatigue and a decline in mechanical properties. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) can stimulate bone formation. The purpose of this study was to explore whether LIPUS could augment the skeletal benefits of high-intensity exercise. Materials and methods: MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were treated with LIPUS at 80 mW/cm2 or 30 mW/cm2 for 20 min/day. Forty rats were divided into sham treatment normal control (Sham-NC), sham treatment high-intensity exercise (Sham-HIE), 80 mW/cm2 LIPUS (LIPUS80), and high-intensity exercise combined with 80 mW/cm2 LIPUS (LIPUS80-HIE). The rats in HIE group were subjected to 30 m/min slope treadmill exercise for 90 min/day, 6 days/week for 12 weeks. The LIPUS80-HIE rats were irradiated with LIPUS (1 MHz, 80 mW/cm2) for 20 min/day at bilateral hind limb after exercise. Results: LIPUS significantly accelerated the proliferation, differentiation, mineralization, and migration of MC3T3-E1 cells. Compared to 30 mW/cm2 LIPUS, 80 mW/cm2 LIPUS got better promotion effect. 12 weeks of high-intensity exercise significantly reduced the muscle force, which was significantly reversed by LIPUS. Compared with the Sham-NC group, Sham-HIE group significantly optimized bone microstructure and enhanced mechanical properties of femur, and LIPUS80-HIE further enhanced the improvement effect on bone. The mechanisms may be related to activate Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway and then up-regulate the protein expression of Runx2 and VEGF, the key factors of osteogenesis and angiogenesis. Conclusion: LIPUS could augment the skeletal benefits of high-intensity exercise through Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]