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Background: To assess the morphology of breast masses with the help of routine ultrasound and elastography. To evaluate the role of elastography and conventional B - mode ultrasonography in differentiation of benign and malignant breast masses. To correlate elastography and B - mode ultrasonography results with the pathologic findings. A prospective observational study was done over a sample of 80 cases with 100 clinically palpable breasts breast lumps of the females who had undergone B-mode ultrasound and elastography of the breast. The final diagnosis was compared with the baseline data, sonographic features, a modified color score and mean strain ratio. Ultrasound had shown a sensitivity of 88.9%, specificity of 95.23%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 94.42 % and negative predictive value (NPV) of 90.45% and overall diagnostic accuracy of 92.67 % was noted. New modified dual color score had shown sensitivity of 96.4%, specificity of 85.78%, positive predictive value of 85.92% and negative predictive value of 86.87 % and a diagnostic accuracy of 91.67%. The risk to miss a malignant case with new modified dual color score was 2.2%. Mean strain ratio had shown a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 97.27%; positive predictive value being 96.78 % and negative predictive value is 99.67%, the diagnostic accuracy is 99.23 %. This study shows the definitive nature of identifying the possible breast malignancies thus preventing the invasive procedures which are not the required in the situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most prevalent rheumatologic conditions is painful shoulder. There are a number of possible diagnoses that have a similar clinical presentation. Distinguishing between the various conditions is crucial since different therapies are available for each. While arthrography has been the gold standard for diagnosing rotator cuff tears, it is far from painless. One of MR's drawbacks is that, unlike ultrasound, it can't provide us dynamic studies in real time. Research into the function of high-resolution ultrasound in the diagnosis and evaluation of rotator cuff injuries was the driving force for this investigation. The current cross-sectional investigation was carried out in the radio-diagnosis department of the hospital. 125 patients who may have had rotator cuff problems are now having procedures. Ultrasound equipment with a high resolution was used for each scan. Esoate Using a linear probe that operates from 7.5 to 12 MHZ, my lab's 50 X vision systems is capable of greyscale, color Doppler, and pulse Doppler. Most often, drivers and sportsmen would complain of right-sided shoulder ache after a traumatic event, while moving heavy things, when sleeping, or from their jobs. Isolated findings of tendinopathy or tears occurred in 40 of the 90 positive cases. Both the bicipital and supraspinatus tendons were implicated in rotator cuff diseases more often than the infraspinatus tendons, either alone or in conjunction with other tendon disorders. Infraspinatus tendinitis was only seen in two instances, and even then, only in conjunction with other rotator cuff muscles. In addition to bicipital peritendinitis, supraspinatus tendonitis, and persistent arthritic changes, one patient presented with a parabral cyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Order-theoretic explorations of algebraic structures are known to lead to hitherto hidden insights. Two such relations that have stood out are those of Mitsch and Clifford – the former for the generality in its application and the latter for the insights it offers. In this work, our motivation is to study the converse: we want to explore the extent of the utility of Mitsch's order and the applicability of Clifford's order. Firstly, we show that if the Mitsch's poset is either bounded or a chain, arguably a richer order theoretic structure, the semigroup reduces to one of a simple band. Secondly, noting that the special semigroups on which Clifford's relation does give rise to an order has not been characterised so far, we solve this problem by proposing a property called Quasi-Projectivity that is essential in this context and also give necessary and sufficient conditions for the Clifford's relation to give a total and compatible order, even if the semigroup is not commutative. Further, by showing some interesting connections between this relation and the orders obtained by Green's relations, we further reaffirm the importance and naturalness of the order proposed by Clifford. Finally, by discussing the Clifford's relations on ordered semigroups, we present some novel perspectives and also show that some of the assumptions in the often cited results of Clifford's are not necessary. On the whole, our study argues favourably towards Clifford's than that of the Mitsch's relation, in so far as the structural information gained about the underlying semigroup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies available in the literature have shown alterations in blood coagulation tests in severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, with a significant risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Since microvascular thrombosis is a well-known fact in COVID-19 disease, requiring therapeutic anticoagulation, low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in prophylactic dose is a part of the clinical management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this scenario, we describe three cases of abdominal spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (SRH) in hospitalized reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based approach for the allocation & coordinated operation of multiple FACTS (Flexible AC Transmission System) devices for the economic operation as well as to increase power transfer capacity of an interconnected power system under different loading condition. The PSO based approach is applied on IEEE 30-bus system. The system is reactively loaded starting from base to 200 % of base load. FACTS devices are installed in the different locations of the power system and system performance is noticed with and without FACTS devices. First, the locations, where the FACTS devices to be placed is determined by calculating active and reactive power flows in the lines. A Particle Swarm Optimization based algorithm is then applied to find the amount of magnitudes of the FACTS devices. This Particle Swarm Optimization based approach for the placement of FACTS devices Yields promising result both in terms of performance and economy which is clearly observed from the result obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]