78,974 results on '"GUT microbiome"'
Search Results
2. Host ecotype and rearing environment are the main drivers of threespine stickleback gut microbiota diversity in a naturalistic experiment
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Härer, Andreas, Frazier, Christine J, and Rennison, Diana J
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Microbiology ,Biological Sciences ,Environmental Sciences ,Microbiome ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,gut microbiome ,threespine stickleback ,Gasterosteus aculeatus ,16S rRNA sequencing ,host-microbiota interaction ,vertebrate - Abstract
Host–microbiota interactions play a critical role in the hosts’ biology, and thus, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms that shape gut microbial communities. We leveraged threespine stickleback fish ( Gasterosteus aculeatus ) as a model system to investigate the contribution of host and environmental factors to gut microbiota variation. These fish offer a unique opportunity for experiments in naturalistic conditions; we reared benthic and limnetic ecotypes from three different lakes in experimental ponds, allowing us to assess the relative effects of shared environment (pond), geographic origin (lake-of-origin), trophic ecology and genetics (ecotype) and biological sex on gut microbiota α- and β-diversity. Host ecotype had the strongest influence on α-diversity, with benthic fish exhibiting higher diversity than limnetic fish, followed by the rearing environment. β-diversity was primarily shaped by rearing environment, followed by host ecotype, indicating that environmental factors play a crucial role in determining gut microbiota composition. Furthermore, numerous bacterial orders were differentially abundant across ponds, underlining the substantial contribution of environmental factors to gut microbiota variation. Our study illustrates the complex interplay between environmental and host ecological or genetic factors in shaping the stickleback gut microbiota and highlights the value of experiments conducted under naturalistic conditions for understanding gut microbiota dynamics.
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- 2024
3. Antimicrobial Activity of Glycine Air Polishing: A Clinical Split-Mouth Study on Full-Arch Implant-Supported Rehabilitations.
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Menini, Maria, Delucchi, Francesca, Renieri, Ilaria, Bagnasco, Francesco, Codda, Giulia, Di Tullio, Nicolò, and Pesce, Paolo
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DENTAL implants ,GLYCINE ,DENTURES ,GUT microbiome ,ANTI-infective agents ,ORAL diseases ,QUANTITATIVE research ,TREATMENT effectiveness ,TEETH polishing ,DENTAL arch ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,PROSTHESIS design & construction ,POLYMERASE chain reaction ,DATA analysis software ,PERI-implantitis ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the possible antimicrobial activity of glycine air polishing by comparing peri-implant microbiota before and after treatment. Materials and Methods: A total of 15 patients who received implant-supported full-arch fixed rehabilitations were included. After prosthesis removal (T0), Plaque Index (PI), probing depth (PD), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. In each hemiarch, the implant with the highest PD score was selected for microbiologic sample collection from the peri-implant sulcus (T0). All patients received two different hygienic protocols (randomly administered, one per each hemiarch): glycine air-polishing (G) and cleansing with cotton pellets soaked in saline (C). At 7 days (T1) and 3 months (T2) after the intervention, PI and BOP were recorded, and new microbiologic samples were taken. Traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative PCR real-time were employed for microbiologic analysis to investigate how the presence of different bacterial species varied according to the hygienic treatment performed. Results: Treatment G provided a significantly higher PI score reduction around implants compared to treatment C (P = .015). No statistical difference was found in the microbial population around G and C implant sites, with Tannerella forsythia being the most commonly detected bacterial species in both G and C groups. No statistical differences were found between the antimicrobial activity of treatments C and G. Conclusions: Glycine powder air polishing is a valid method for professional hygienic care of implants and was more effective in PI reduction compared to the control treatment. However, its antimicrobial efficacy cannot be confirmed by the outcomes of the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Distinguishing Molecular Properties of OAT, OATP, and MRP Drug Substrates by Machine Learning.
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Nigam, Anisha, Momper, Jeremiah, Ojha, Anupam, and Nigam, Sanjay
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ABCC2 ,ABCC4 ,AI ,SLC22A6 ,SLC22A8 ,SLCO1B1 ,SLCO1B3 ,drug transport ,gut microbiome ,hepatocyte ,machine learning ,organ crosstalk ,proximal tubule - Abstract
The movement of organic anionic drugs across cell membranes is partly governed by interactions with SLC and ABC transporters in the intestine, liver, kidney, blood-brain barrier, placenta, breast, and other tissues. Major transporters involved include organic anion transporters (OATs, SLC22 family), organic anion transporting polypeptides (OATPs, SLCO family), and multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs, ABCC family). However, the sets of molecular properties of drugs that are necessary for interactions with OATs (OAT1, OAT3) vs. OATPs (OATP1B1, OATP1B3) vs. MRPs (MRP2, MRP4) are not well-understood. Defining these molecular properties is necessary for a better understanding of drug and metabolite handling across the gut-liver-kidney axis, gut-brain axis, and other multi-organ axes. It is also useful for tissue targeting of small molecule drugs and predicting drug-drug interactions and drug-metabolite interactions. Here, we curated a database of drugs shown to interact with these transporters in vitro and used chemoinformatic approaches to describe their molecular properties. We then sought to define sets of molecular properties that distinguish drugs interacting with OATs, OATPs, and MRPs in binary classifications using machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches. We identified sets of key molecular properties (e.g., rotatable bond count, lipophilicity, number of ringed structures) for classifying OATs vs. MRPs and OATs vs. OATPs. However, sets of molecular properties differentiating OATP vs. MRP substrates were less evident, as drugs interacting with MRP2 and MRP4 do not form a tight group owing to differing hydrophobicity and molecular complexity for interactions with the two transporters. If the results also hold for endogenous metabolites, they may deepen our knowledge of organ crosstalk, as described in the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory. The results also provide a molecular basis for understanding how small organic molecules differentially interact with OATs, OATPs, and MRPs.
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- 2024
5. Prebiotics and Probiotics for Gastrointestinal Disorders.
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Rau, Sameeha, Gregg, Andrew, Yaceczko, Shelby, and Limketkai, Berkeley
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constipation ,diarrhea ,dietary supplements ,gut microbiome ,inflammatory bowel disease ,irritable bowel syndrome ,prebiotics ,probiotics ,short-chain fatty acids ,Humans ,Prebiotics ,Irritable Bowel Syndrome ,Probiotics ,Dietary Supplements ,Gastrointestinal Diseases - Abstract
The complex role of the gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders is an emerging area of research, and there is considerable interest in understanding how diet can alter the composition and function of the microbiome. Prebiotics and probiotics have been shown to beneficially modulate the gut microbiome, which underlies their potential for benefit in GI conditions. Formulating specific recommendations for the public regarding these dietary supplements has been difficult due to the significant heterogeneity between strains, doses, and duration of treatment investigated across studies, as well as safety concerns with administering live organisms. This review aims to summarize the existing evidence for the use of prebiotics and probiotics in various GI disorders, paying special attention to strain-specific effects that emerged and any adverse effects noted.
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- 2024
6. YOUR AMAZING BRAIN.
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George, Alison, Wilson, Clare, Robson, David, Murugesu, Jason Arunn, Padavic-Callaghan, Karmela, Leslie, Tom, Wilkins, Alex, and Lewton, Thomas
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GUT microbiome , *CONTROL (Psychology) , *CEREBRAL cortex , *BRAIN , *GENDER differences (Psychology) , *GENDER differences (Sociology) , *CREATIVE thinking - Abstract
This article from New Scientist provides a comprehensive exploration of various aspects of the human brain. It debunks the misconception that we only use 10% of our brains and highlights that the brain is always active, even when we are not consciously thinking. The article also discusses the energy consumption of the brain and how thinking hard burns more energy in certain regions. It examines the question of whether male and female brains are different, suggesting that societal factors may influence any small differences observed. Furthermore, the article delves into the concept of the brain having its own microbiome, with recent research suggesting a link between an imbalance in the "brain microbiome" and neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's. The complexity of the human brain is explored, with recent discoveries revealing unique brain cells and thousands of different cell types. The article also discusses the brain's performance, the nature of consciousness, the advantages of prolonged adolescence, the role of reward centers in the adolescent brain, creativity, and the function of forgetting. While the complexity of the human brain is difficult to measure and compare to other systems, it is not necessarily the most complex object in the universe. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2024
7. Understanding the Efficacy of Dietary Supplement on Fungal Mycobiota in Healthy Volunteers: A Pilot Study
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- 2024
8. Mother-infant Microbiota Transmission and Its Link to the Health of the Baby
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Francis KL Chan, Professor
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- 2024
9. PRObing The Efficacy of Commercial Stage Storage Buffers and Evaluating Gut Metaproteome Variability Between Individuals (PROTEGI)
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Giacomo Carta, Postdoc
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- 2024
10. Infant Restore: Efficacy of Microbiome Analysis and Education
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- 2024
11. ZOE BIOME Study: Biotics Influence on Microbiome Ecosystem
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Zoe Global Limited
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- 2024
12. Yogurt and GI Health
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- 2024
13. The Path Study: Cognitive and Inflammation Targeted Gut-brain Interventions in Alcohol; Probiotics, Alcohol, Transcutaneous Vagus Nerve Stimulation, and HIV Study
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University of Miami, University of Louisville, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), Exegi Pharma, LLC, and Soterix Medical
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- 2024
14. Fungal Fiber for Gut Health (FUN4GUT)
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- 2024
15. Assessment of Microorganisms and Host Response In Liver Diseases (MILD)
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- 2024
16. Effect of The Substitution of Animal Protein by Soya-Based Fermented Product on Human Gut Microbiome
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AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH
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- 2024
17. Microbiome and Diet in Parkinson's Disease (PD-Diet)
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Weston Family Foundation and Silke Cresswell, Principal Investigator, Associate Professor Medicine, MD, FRCPC
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- 2024
18. Gut Microbiota in Mood Disorders in Lebanese Population
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Lallemand Health Solutions, Canada and Nassim Fares, Full Professor of Physiology, head of the research lab of physiology & pathophysiology
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- 2024
19. Gut Microbiota of Preterm Infants and Full-term Infants at Early Life
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- 2024
20. Gut Microbe Composition, Exercise, and Breast Breast Cancer Survivors (ROME)
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National Cancer Institute (NCI) and Laura Q. Rogers, MD, MPH, Principal Investigator
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- 2024
21. Low Sugar Protein Pacing, Intermittent Fasting Diet in Men and Women
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Arizona State University and Isagenix International LLC
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- 2024
22. Impact of Different Types of Higher Dietary Protein Intake on Sleep Quality in Singapore Older Adults
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Jung Eun Kim, Assistant Professor
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- 2024
23. Ambient long-term exposure to organophosphorus pesticides and the human gut microbiome: an observational study
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Zhang, Keren, Paul, Kimberly, Jacobs, Jonathan P, Cockburn, Myles G, Bronstein, Jeff M, del Rosario, Irish, and Ritz, Beate
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Epidemiology ,Public Health ,Health Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Microbiome ,Aging ,Neurosciences ,Endocrine Disruptors ,Health Disparities ,Climate-Related Exposures and Conditions ,Genetics ,Rural Health ,2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Neurological ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,Life on Land ,Aged ,Humans ,Bacteria ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Microbiota ,Organophosphorus Compounds ,Parkinson Disease ,Pesticides ,RNA ,Ribosomal ,16S ,Organophosphorus pesticides ,Gut microbiome ,Predicted metagenome ,Geographic information system ,Public Health and Health Services ,Toxicology ,Public health - Abstract
BackgroundOrganophosphorus pesticides (OP) have been associated with various human health conditions. Animal experiments and in-vitro models suggested that OP may also affect the gut microbiota. We examined associations between ambient chronic exposure to OP and gut microbial changes in humans.MethodsWe recruited 190 participants from a community-based epidemiologic study of Parkinson's disease living in a region known for heavy agricultural pesticide use in California. Of these, 61% of participants had Parkinson's disease and their mean age was 72 years. Microbiome and predicted metagenome data were generated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of fecal samples. Ambient long-term OP exposures were assessed using pesticide application records combined with residential addresses in a geographic information system. We examined gut microbiome differences due to OP exposures, specifically differences in microbial diversity based on the Shannon index and Bray-Curtis dissimilarities, and differential taxa abundance and predicted Metacyc pathway expression relying on regression models and adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOP exposure was not associated with alpha or beta diversity of the gut microbiome. However, the predicted metagenome was sparser and less evenly expressed among those highly exposed to OP (p = 0.04). Additionally, we found that the abundance of two bacterial families, 22 genera, and the predicted expression of 34 Metacyc pathways were associated with long-term OP exposure. These pathways included perturbed processes related to cellular respiration, increased biosynthesis and degradation of compounds related to bacterial wall structure, increased biosynthesis of RNA/DNA precursors, and decreased synthesis of Vitamin B1 and B6.ConclusionIn support of previous animal studies and in-vitro findings, our results suggest that ambient chronic OP pesticide exposure alters gut microbiome composition and its predicted metabolism in humans.
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- 2024
24. Metabolic dysregulation and gut dysbiosis linked to hyperandrogenism in female mice
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Chen, Annie, Handzel, Alex, Sau, Lillian, Cui, Laura, Kelley, Scott T, and Thackray, Varykina G
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Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Clinical Sciences ,Diabetes ,Infertility ,Aetiology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Metabolic and endocrine ,androgen ,gut microbiome ,insulin resistance ,Clinical sciences - Abstract
IntroductionPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine pathology in women. In addition to infertility, women with PCOS have metabolic dysregulation which predisposes them to Type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Moreover, women with PCOS have changes in their gut microbial community that may be indicative of dysbiosis. While hyperandrogenism is associated with both the development of metabolic dysfunction and gut dysbiosis in females, the mechanisms involved are not well understood.MethodsWe used dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and ovariectomy (OVX) mouse models coupled with metabolic assessments and 16S rRNA gene sequencing to explore the contributions of hyperandrogenism and oestrogen deficiency to the development of insulin resistance and gut microbial dysbiosis in pubertal female mice.ResultsWe demonstrated that, while DHT treatment or OVX alone were insufficient to induce insulin resistance during the pubertal-to-adult transition, combining OVX with DHT resulted in insulin resistance similar to that observed in letrozole-treated mice with elevated testosterone and decreased oestrogen levels. In addition, our results showed that OVX and DHT in combination resulted in a distinct shift in the gut microbiome compared to DHT or OVX alone, suggesting that the substantial metabolic dysregulation occurring in the OVX + DHT model was accompanied by unique changes in the abundances of gut bacteria including S24-7, Rikenellaceae and Mucispirillum schaedleri.ConclusionsWhile hyperandrogenism plays an important role in the development of metabolic dysregulation in female mice, our results indicate that investigation into additional factors influencing insulin resistance and the gut microbiome during the pubertal-to-adult transition could provide additional insight into the pathophysiology of PCOS.
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- 2024
25. Breaking barriers: Maternal gut-brain axis modulation as a catalyst for fetal gut microbiome reshaping: A comprehensive review.
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Bhanumathy, Parvathy, Krishnarajabhatt, Hemavathi Shivapura, and Unnikrishnan, Parvathy
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GUT microbiome , *PRENATAL care , *IMMUNE system , *MOTHERS , *WELL-being , *DYSBIOSIS - Abstract
Pregnancy can lead to alterations in the metabolic, hormonal, and immunological systems, which in turn can impact the composition of the maternal gut microbiota. Throughout the prenatal period, the mother undergoes specific alterations in her inflammatory and immunological system, which impact the functioning of her gut and the bacterial makeup within her body as the pregnancy advances. The modification in the mother's gut microbiota composition has a lasting effect on the birth outcomes and well-being of both the mother and child. Anxiety and depression in pregnancy are closely linked to gut microbiome dysbiosis and can increase the risk of maternal and infant neurodevelopment disorders. Various clinical studies proved the efficacy of Ayurvedic nootropics, prebiotics, and probiotics in the regulation of the gut-brain axis. This review aims to incorporate Ayurvedic nootropics that rejuvenate the mind, including certain aspects of Ayurvedic antenatal care and meditation in normalizing gut microbiome and reducing anxiety and depression in pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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26. Association of the gut microbiome with kidney function and damage in the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL)
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Peters, Brandilyn A, Qi, Qibin, Usyk, Mykhaylo, Daviglus, Martha L, Cai, Jianwen, Franceschini, Nora, Lash, James P, Gellman, Marc D, Yu, Bing, Boerwinkle, Eric, Knight, Rob, Burk, Robert D, and Kaplan, Robert C
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Microbiology ,Biological Sciences ,Clinical Research ,Diabetes ,Nutrition ,Kidney Disease ,Renal and urogenital ,Good Health and Well Being ,Humans ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Hispanic or Latino ,Kidney ,Public Health ,Renal Insufficiency ,Chronic ,Gut microbiome ,chronic kidney disease ,glomerular filtration rate ,metabolites - Abstract
BackgroundThe gut microbiome is altered in chronic kidney disease (CKD), potentially contributing to CKD progression and co-morbidities, but population-based studies of the gut microbiome across a wide range of kidney function and damage are lacking.MethodsIn the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos, gut microbiome was assessed by shotgun sequencing of stool (n = 2,438; 292 with suspected CKD). We examined cross-sectional associations of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urinary albumin:creatinine (UAC) ratio, and CKD with gut microbiome features. Kidney trait-related microbiome features were interrogated for correlation with serum metabolites (n = 700), and associations of microbiome-related serum metabolites with kidney trait progression were examined in a prospective analysis (n = 3,635).ResultsHigher eGFR was associated with overall gut microbiome composition, greater abundance of species from Prevotella, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Eubacterium, and microbial functions related to synthesis of long-chain fatty acids and carbamoyl-phosphate. Higher UAC ratio and CKD were related to lower gut microbiome diversity and altered overall microbiome composition only in participants without diabetes. Microbiome features related to better kidney health were associated with many serum metabolites (e.g., higher indolepropionate, beta-cryptoxanthin; lower imidazole propionate, deoxycholic acids, p-cresol glucuronide). Imidazole propionate, deoxycholic acid metabolites, and p-cresol glucuronide were associated with prospective reductions in eGFR and/or increases in UAC ratio over ~6 y.ConclusionsKidney function is a significant correlate of the gut microbiome, while the relationship of kidney damage with the gut microbiome depends on diabetes status. Gut microbiome metabolites may contribute to CKD progression.
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- 2023
27. The effects of host ecology and phylogeny on gut microbiota (non)parallelism across birds and mammals.
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Härer, Andreas and Rennison, Diana
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16S rRNA gene sequencing ,gut microbiome ,multivariate vector analysis ,parallel evolution ,trophic ecology ,vertebrates ,Animals ,Phylogeny ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,RNA ,Ribosomal ,16S ,Mammals ,Birds - Abstract
What are the roles of determinism and contingency in evolution? The paleontologist and evolutionary biologist Stephen J. Gould raised this question in his famous thought experiment of replaying lifes tape. Settings where independent lineages have repeatedly adapted to similar ecological niches (i.e., parallel evolution) are well suited to address this question. Here, we quantified whether repeated ecological shifts across 53 mammalian and 50 avian host species are associated with parallel gut microbiota changes. Our results indicate that parallel shifts in host diet are associated with greater gut microbiota parallelism (i.e., more deterministic). While further research will be necessary to obtain a comprehensive picture of the circumstances under which deterministic gut microbiota changes might be expected, our study can be instrumental in motivating the use of more quantitative methods in microbiota research. This, in turn, can help us better understand microbiota dynamics during adaptive evolution of their hosts.
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- 2023
28. Prospective Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of a Standardized Oral Pomegranate Extract on the Gut Microbiome and Short-Chain Fatty Acids.
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Sivamani, Raja, Chakkalakal, Mincy, Pan, Adrianne, Nadora, Dawnica, Min, Mildred, Dumont, Ashley, Burney, Waqas, and Chambers, Cindy
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Pomella ,ellagitannins ,gut health ,gut microbiome ,pomegranate ,punicalagin ,short-chain fatty acids ,urolithins - Abstract
Punica granatum L., commonly known as the pomegranate, is an abundant source of polyphenols, including hydrolyzable ellagitannins, ellagic acid, anthocyanins, and other bioactive phytochemicals shown to be effective in defending against oxidative stress, and has immunomodulatory activities. Ellagitannins, and their hydrolyzed product ellagic acid, interact with the gut microbiota to yield secondary metabolites known as urolithins that may have health benefits. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementation with a standardized punicalagin-enriched pomegranate extract, Pomella® (250 mg), on the gut microbiome, circulating short-chain fatty acids, and gut microbial-derived ellagitannin metabolite urolithins. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted over 4 weeks on healthy volunteers aged 25-55 years. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive either an oral supplement containing 75 mg of punicalagin or an oral placebo. Stool sample collection and venipuncture were performed to analyze the gut microbiome, SCFAs, and urolithin. There was no significant change in the gut microbial diversity in both cohorts after 4 weeks of intervention, but there was a significantly increased relative abundance of Coprococcus eutectus, Roseburia faecis, Roseburia inullnivorans, Ruminococcus bicirculans, Ruminococcus calidus, and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Pomegranate extract (PE) supplementation led to the augmentation of circulating propionate levels (p = 0.02) and an increasing trend for acetate levels (p = 0.12). The pomegranate extract (PE) supplementation group had an increased level of circulating urolithins compared to the placebo group (6.6% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.13). PE supplementation correlated with shifts in the gut microbiome and with higher circulating levels of propionate and acetate. Further studies should explore the implications in larger cohorts and over a longer duration.
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- 2023
29. Characterizing the microbiome of patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms during a Mediterranean diet intervention
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Avelar-Barragan, Julio, Luque, Laura F Mendez, Nguyen, Jenny, Nguyen, Hellen, Odegaard, Andrew O, Fleischman, Angela G, and Whiteson, Katrine L
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Microbiology ,Biological Sciences ,Biomedical and Clinical Sciences ,Cancer ,Microbiome ,Human Genome ,Clinical Research ,Rare Diseases ,Health Disparities ,Nutrition ,Genetics ,Hematology ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,Oral and gastrointestinal ,gut microbiome ,diet ,myeloproliferative ,neoplasm ,Mediterranean ,Humans ,Bacteria ,Myeloproliferative Disorders ,Inflammation ,Longitudinal Studies ,Diet ,Mediterranean ,Adult ,Aged ,Middle Aged ,Female ,Male ,Gastrointestinal Microbiome ,Biochemistry and cell biology ,Medical microbiology - Abstract
ImportanceThe gut microbiome serves as an interface between the host and the diet. Diet and the gut microbiome both play important roles in managing inflammation, which is a key aspect of myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN). Studies have shown that a Mediterranean (MED) diet can reduce inflammation. Therefore, we longitudinally characterized the gut microbiomes of MPN patients in response to Mediterranean or standard 2020 US Guidelines for Americans dietary counseling to determine whether there were microbiome-associated changes in inflammation. We did not find significant changes in the gut microbiome associated with diet, but we did find several associations with inflammation. This research paves the way for future studies by identifying potential mechanistic targets implicated in inflammation within the MPN gut microbiome.
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- 2023
30. A spot of bother.
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Thompson, Alexandra
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GUT microbiome , *RESEARCH personnel , *ACNE , *PROBIOTICS , *DENDRIMERS , *GENETICS - Abstract
Acne affects over 640 million people worldwide and can have both physical and psychological effects. While hormones play a role, diet, lifestyle, genetics, and the microbiome also contribute to acne. Recent advancements in technology have allowed researchers to better understand the microbiome's role in acne and develop new treatments. Studies have shown that an imbalance in gut microbiota and certain strains of bacteria on the skin can contribute to acne. Researchers are exploring probiotics, compounds like G2 dendrimer, and personalized treatments to rebalance the microbiome and reduce acne. However, more research is needed to fully understand and modulate the skin microbiome. In the meantime, individuals can take steps like using oil-free moisturizers, gentle exfoliators, and maintaining a healthy diet to manage acne. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
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31. Are you healthy?
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Thomson, Helen
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GUT microbiome , *ATTENTION-deficit hyperactivity disorder , *AGE , *MENTAL health - Abstract
These are giving rise to a whole new raft of tests promising a better gauge of health -from those that probe your gut bacteria or your metabolites to those that provide you with an "immune grade". Even among people with terminal cancer, those who rate their health as excellent outlive those with the same diagnosis but who rate their health as poor. It is also true that your gut bacteria can change dramatically in response to an infection, diet or chronic illness, she says, sometimes within days, so testing it can reflect your current health status. ASK YOURSELF HOW YOU FEEL Self-rated health scores correlate with many blood markers of health. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
- Full Text
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32. YOU AND YOUR MICROBIOME.
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Hooper, Rowan, Wilson, Clare, George, Alison, Wade, Grace, Klein, Alice, and Le Page, Michael
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GUT microbiome , *SEROTONIN , *TRANSGENIC organisms , *PLANT-based diet , *INFLAMMATORY bowel diseases , *CLOSTRIDIUM diseases , *WEIGHT gain - Abstract
But evidence for the latter comes from experiments in mice showing that they start to gain weight and develop gut inflammation after receiving transplants of gut microbes from people with obesity and inflammatory bowel disease respectively. "Despite the growing science linking the gut microbiome and the chemicals it produces with dozens of health outcomes, what defines an optimum or "healthy" gut microbiome is still not absolutely clear", says Tim Spector at King's College London, who is a co-founder of personalised nutrition company ZOE. He and his team have also shown that, in mice susceptible to Alzheimer's-like disease, those without a gut microbiome have fewer of the disease's characteristic protein clumps and tangles in their brains than those with gut microbes. A 2018 study found that, in vaginally born babies, bacteria from the mother's vagina are found in the baby's gut for only a few days, while the mother's gut bacteria continued colonising the baby's gut for months after the birth. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2023
33. Home-based Exercise and Physical Activity Intervention After Kidney Transplantation: Impact of Exercise Intensity (PHOENIX-Kidney)
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University Ghent and Amaryllis Van Craenenbroeck, Professor
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- 2024
34. Sex-differential Host-microbiome CVD Risk - A Longitudinal Cohort Approach (XCVD)
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Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung (DZHK) and Dr. Lajos Marko, Dr.
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- 2024
35. Corn and Heart Health Study (CHS)
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North American Millers Association - Corn Division
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- 2024
36. Fecal Microbiota Transplant National Registry (FMT)
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OpenBiome, University of California, San Diego, RX.Health Inc., University of Pennsylvania, University of Minnesota, and Loyola University Chicago
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- 2024
37. The Gut Microbiome and Serum Metabolites as a Biological Mechanism Underlying Pain in Kidney Transplantation (BIOME-KT)
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Ardith Doorenbos, Lisa Tussing-Humphreys, Beatriz Peñalver Bernabé, Mario Spaggiari, Chang Park, and Mark Lockwood, associate professor
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- 2024
38. Comment on "Bacterial bioerosion of bones is a post-skeletonisation phenomenon and appears contingent on soil burial" [Quat. Int. 660 (2023) 75–83].
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Booth, Thomas James, Bricking, Adelle, and Madgwick, Richard
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HUMAN behavior , *FUNERAL industry , *X-ray computed microtomography , *GUT microbiome , *ENTEROBACTERIACEAE - Abstract
Histotaphonomic analysis, through thin section microscopy, SEM and micro-CT scanning, has become an increasingly popular approach for archaeologists in recent years. The method relies on assessing the character of degradation in bone microstructure, placing particular importance on the degree and nature of bacterial bioerosion. However, there remains considerable disagreement about the origins and timing of bacterial bioerosion and this has major ramifications for the interpretative potential of the approach. Turner-Walker et al. (2023) p resent a firm case for the origins of bacteria being exclusively exogenous (from the soil) with bioerosion occurring only after skeletonisation. This scenario means that information gained from analysis of histotaphonomy relates entirely to the nature of the burial environment and its suitability for collagenolytic bacteria to thrive and thus provides very little useful information about human behaviour and mortuary practice. This contrasts with the common position that the origins of bacteria can be enteric (from the gut) and can effect bioerosion during putrefaction in the early post-mortem phase, thus potentially informing on mortuary practice. In this response, we present the alternative view to Turner-Walker et al. (2023) and demonstrate strong and wide-ranging evidence for bacteria from the gut microbiome to have the potential to cause bioerosion. A review of previous studies is used to evidence the impact of mortuary practice on variable microstructural preservation. We counter some of Turner-Walker et al.'s key lines of evidence and present alternative, evidence-based explanations. Importantly, we acknowledge that the origins of bacteria are not always enteric and that current interpretations that only consider bacteria as either enteric or exogenous cannot account for the variability seen in the archaeological record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
- Full Text
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39. Structural characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Tremella fuciformis and its interaction with gut microbiota.
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Song, Haizhao, Lu, Jing, Chu, Qiang, Deng, Rou, and Shen, Xinchun
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GUT microbiome , *POLYSACCHARIDES , *SHORT-chain fatty acids , *GLUCURONIC acid , *CHEMICAL industry , *CARBOHYDRATES - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Because of their diverse biological activities, polysaccharides derived from Tremella fuciformis have received growing attention. This study aimed to investigate the structural characterization of a purified polysaccharide (designated as PTP‐3a) derived from T. fuciformis and explore its interaction with gut microbiota in vitro. RESULTS: The findings revealed that PTP‐3a had a molecular weight of 1.22 × 103 kDa and consisted of fucose, glucose, xylose, mannose and glucuronic acid in a molar ratio of 0.271:0.016:0.275:0.400:0.038. The primary linkage types identified in PTP‐3a were 1,3‐linked‐manp, 1,4‐linked‐xylp and 1,2,3‐linked‐fucp, with corresponding ratios of 0.215:0.161:0.15. In addition, PTP‐3a demonstrated notable thermal stability and exhibited a triple‐helical structure. Moreover, following in vitro fermentation for 48 h, PTP‐3a was efficiently utilized, resulting in a reduction in carbohydrate levels, the production of short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and pH adjustment. Furthermore, during in vitro fecal microbial fermentation, PTP‐3a decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes while increasing the proportions of Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, resulting in a significantly reduced Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio. Additionally, PTP‐3a stimulated the growth of beneficial bacteria such as Parabacteroides merdae, Gordonibacter pamelaeae, Bifidobacterium pseudolongum and Parabacteroides distasonis. Importantly, a strong correlation was observed between the production of SCFAs and specific microorganisms. CONCLUSION: These findings suggested that PTP‐3a has potential as a prebiotic for modulating the gut microbiota. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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40. Modulation of gut‐microbiota through probiotics and dietary interventions to improve host health.
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Dasriya, Vaishali Lekchand, Samtiya, Mrinal, Ranveer, Soniya, Dhillon, Harmeet Singh, Devi, Nishu, Sharma, Vikas, Nikam, Pranali, Puniya, Monica, Chaudhary, Priya, Chaudhary, Vishu, Behare, Pradip V, Dhewa, Tejpal, Vemuri, Ravichandra, Raposo, António, Puniya, Dharun Vijay, Khedkar, Gulab D., Vishweswaraiah, Raghu Hrikyathahalli, Vij, Shilpa, Alarifi, Sehad N, and Han, Heesup
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PROBIOTICS , *MODULATION (Music theory) , *DIETARY patterns , *GUT microbiome , *SHORT-chain fatty acids , *FOOD science , *MICROBIAL metabolites - Abstract
Dietary patterns play an important role in regards to the modulation and control of the gut microbiome composition and function. The interaction between diet and microbiota plays an important role in order to maintain intestinal homeostasis, which ultimately affect the host's health. Diet directly impacts the microbes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), which then contributes to the production of secondary metabolites, such as short‐chain fatty acids, neurotransmitters, and antimicrobial peptides. Dietary consumption with genetically modified probiotics can be the best vaccine delivery vector and protect cells from various illnesses. A holistic approach to disease prevention, treatment, and management takes these intrinsically linked diet‐microbes, microbe–microbe interactions, and microbe–host interactions into account. Dietary components, such as fiber can modulate beneficial gut microbiota, and they have resulting ameliorative effects against metabolic disorders. Medical interventions, such as antibiotic drugs can conversely have detrimental effects on gut microbiota by disputing the balance between Bacteroides and firmicute, which contribute to continuing disease states. We summarize the known effects of various dietary components, such as fibers, carbohydrates, fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, proteins, phenolic acids, and antibiotics on the composition of the gut microbiota in this article in addition to the beneficial effect of genetically modified probiotics and consequentially their role in regards to shaping human health. © 2024 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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41. Host diet drives gut microbiome convergence between coral reef fishes and mammals.
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Degregori, Samuel, Schiettekatte, Nina M. D., Casey, Jordan M., Brandl, Simon J., Mercière, Alexandre, Amato, Katherine R., Mazel, Florent, Parravicini, Valeriano, and Barber, Paul H.
- Abstract
Animal gut microbiomes are critical to host physiology and fitness. The gut microbiomes of fishes—the most abundant and diverse vertebrate clade—have received little attention relative to other clades. Coral reef fishes, in particular, make up a wide range of evolutionary histories and feeding ecologies that are likely associated with gut microbiome diversity. The repeated evolution of herbivory in fishes and mammals also allows us to examine microbiome similarity in relationship to diet across the entire vertebrate tree of life. Here, we generate a large coral reef fish gut microbiome dataset (n = 499 samples, 19 species) and combine it with a diverse aggregation of public microbiome data (n = 447) to show that host diet drives significant convergence between coral reef fish and mammalian gut microbiomes. We demonstrate that this similarity is largely driven by carnivory and herbivory and that herbivorous and carnivorous hosts exhibit distinct microbial compositions across fish and mammals. We also show that fish and mammal gut microbiomes share prominent microbial taxa, including Ruminoccocus spp. and Akkermansia spp., and predicted metabolic pathways. Despite the major evolutionary and ecological differences between fishes and mammals, our results reveal that their gut microbiomes undergo similar dietary selective pressures. Thus, diet, in addition to phylosymbiosis must be considered even when comparing the gut microbiomes of distantly related hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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42. Gut microbiome structure and function in asymptomatic diverticulosis.
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Hua, Xinwei, McGoldrick, Jessica, Nakrour, Nour, Staller, Kyle, Chung, Daniel Chulyong, Xavier, Ramnik Joseph, and Khalili, Hamed
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Background: Colonic diverticulosis, the most common lesion found in routine colonoscopy, affects more than 50% of individuals aged ≥ 60 years. Emerging evidence suggest that dysbiosis of gut microbiota may play an important role in the pathophysiology of diverticular disease. However, specific changes in microbial species and metabolic functions in asymptomatic diverticulosis remain unknown. Methods: In a cohort of US adults undergoing screening colonoscopy, we analyzed the gut microbiota using shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Demographic factors, lifestyle, and medication use were assessed using a baseline questionnaire administered prior to colonoscopy. Taxonomic structures and metabolic pathway abundances were determined using MetaPhlAn3 and HUMAnN3. We used multivariate association with linear models to identify microbial species and metabolic pathways that were significantly different between asymptomatic diverticulosis and controls, while adjusting for confounders selected a priori including age at colonoscopy, sex, body mass index (BMI), and dietary pattern. Results: Among 684 individuals undergoing a screening colonoscopy, 284 (42%) had diverticulosis. Gut microbiome composition explained 1.9% variation in the disease status of asymptomatic diverticulosis. We observed no significant differences in the overall diversity of gut microbiome between asymptomatic diverticulosis and controls. However, microbial species Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Prevotella copri were significantly enriched in controls (q value = 0.19 and 0.14, respectively), whereas Roseburia intestinalis, Dorea sp. CAG:317, and Clostridium sp. CAG: 299 were more abundant in those with diverticulosis (q values = 0.17, 0.24, and 0.10, respectively). We observed that the relationship between BMI and diverticulosis appeared to be limited to carriers of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum and Roseburia intestinalis (Pinteraction = 0.09). Conclusions: Our study provides the first large-scale evidence supporting taxonomic and functional shifts of the gut microbiome in individuals with asymptomatic diverticulosis. The suggestive interaction between gut microbiota and BMI on prevalent diverticulosis deserves future investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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43. Prophylactic effects of Tibetan goat kefir on depression‐like behaviors in chronic unpredictable stress model through the gut–brain axis.
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Sun, Yuhan, Zhao, Hongfan, Chang, Mengjia, Yue, Tianli, Yuan, Yahong, and Shi, Yiheng
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BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Depression is a common psychological disorder, and traditional therapeutic drugs often result in side effects such as emesis, dry mouth, headache, dysentery and constipation. Probiotics and goat milk have garnered widespread attention for their ability to modulate immune function and regulate the endocrine system, and for their anti‐inflammatory effects. In this work, the effects of Tibetan goat kefir on the behavior, immune status, neuroendocrine response and gut microbiological composition of chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse models were evaluated.The results indicated that Tibetan kefir goat milk significantly alleviated behavioral despair in mice. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that Tibetan kefir goat milk mitigated the inflammatory response in the mice and moderated the hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the expression of brain‐derived neurotrophic factor. Meanwhile, chronic stress‐induced gut microbial abnormalities were restored. In addition, the correlation between gut microbiota and nervous system was evaluated.These results explained the potential mechanism of Tibetan kefir in the antidepressant effect on the CUMS model and enriched diets for depressed patients. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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44. The potential of residual clinical Group B Streptococcus swabs for assessing the vaginorectal microbiome in late pregnancy.
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Boelsen, Laura K., Williams, Melanie J., Mangwiro, Yeukai TM., Hansji, Herah, Czajko, Anna, Marcelino, Vanessa, Forster, Samuel, Said, Joanne M., Satzke, Catherine, and Saffery, Richard
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STREPTOCOCCUS agalactiae , *PREGNANCY , *GUT microbiome , *MICROBIAL diversity , *BIOMES - Abstract
The maternal pregnancy microbiome (including genitourinary and gut) has been linked to important pregnancy/birth and later childhood health outcomes. However, such sampling as part of large population cohort studies is logistically and financially challenging. Many countries routinely collect vaginal or vaginal-rectal swabs in late pregnancy for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening, but their utility for population-based research is still unclear. As part of planning for the Generation Victoria population-based cohort study beginning in pregnancy, we assessed the utility and reliability of residual clinical GBS vaginal/vaginal-rectal swabs for generating late pregnancy microbiome data. We carried out a two-phased pilot study. Phase one assessed the level of microbial diversity apparent in 'residual' clinical vaginal/vaginal-rectal swabs post clinical testing and storage for 7–10 days at 4 °C (routine clinical practice). Phase two directly assessed the impact of storage time and temperature on the microbial composition of vaginal/vaginal-rectal swabs collected specifically for research purposes. The microbiota composition in the 'residual' clinical swabs aligned with published studies. The 'research' swabs, stored at 4 °C for up to ten days, showed minimal changes in microbiota profile, compared to swabs examined on the day of collection. In contrast, significant variation in diversity was seen in swabs stored at room temperature for up to 48 h. Residual clinical material from swabs collected primarily for GBS screening in late pregnancy represent a reliable and abundant source of material for assessing the late pregnancy maternal microbiome for research purposes. This represents a low-burden opportunity for population-representative pregnancy studies to assess the potential of late pregnancy microbiome for prediction and understanding maternal and child health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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45. Intestinal microbiota homeostasis analysis in riboflavin-treated alcoholic liver disease.
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Shen, Xiuyun, Shi, Chunpeng, Xu, Jincheng, Zhi, Fengnan, Luo, Kunpeng, Di, Yuzhu, Li, Wanhong, Ma, Wanjing, Jiang, Yanan, and Sun, Hui
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VITAMIN B2 , *GUT microbiome , *HOMEOSTASIS , *HISTOPATHOLOGY , *LABORATORY mice , *POLYMORPHISM (Zoology) - Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a disease with high incidence, limited therapies, and poor prognosis. The present study aims to investigate the effect of riboflavin on ALD and explore its potential therapeutic mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were divided into the control, alcohol, and alcohol+ riboflavin groups. 16S rRNA-seq and RNA-seq analysis were utilized to analyze the polymorphism of intestinal microbiota and the transcriptome heterogeneity respectively. KEGG and GO enrichment analysis were performed. CIBERSORTx was applied to evaluate the immune cell infiltration level. Publicly available transcriptome data of ALD was enrolled and combined with the RNA-seq data to identify the immune subtypes of ALD. Pathological and histology analysis demonstrated that riboflavin reversed the progression of ALD. 16S rRNA-seq results showed that riboflavin could regulate alcohol-induced intestinal microbiota alteration. Intestinal microbiota polymorphism analysis indicated that VLIDP may contribute to the progression of ALD. Based on the VLIDP pathway, two subtypes were identified. Immune microenvironment analysis indicated that the upregulated inflammatory factors may be important regulators of ALD. In conclusion, intestinal microbiota homeostasis was associated with the protective effect of riboflavin against ALD, which was likely mediated by modulating inflammatory cell infiltration. Riboflavin emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for the management of ALD. Riboflavin attenuates alcoholic liver disease progression, regulates alcohol-induced changes in intestinal microbiota, and affects inflammatory cell infiltration suggesting that riboflavin may be a potentially effective agent for treating ALD [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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46. Infantile colic is associated with development of later constipation and atopic disorders.
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Stokholm, Jakob, Thorsen, Jonathan, Schoos, Ann‐Marie Malby, Rasmussen, Morten Arendt, Brandt, Sarah, Sørensen, Søren Johannes, Vahman, Nilo, Chawes, Bo, and Bønnelykke, Klaus
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INFANTILE colic , *IMMUNOGLOBULIN E , *GUT microbiome , *SYMPTOMS , *ATOPIC dermatitis - Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusions Infantile colic is a common condition with limited knowledge about later clinical manifestations. We evaluated the role of the early life gut microbiome in infantile colic and later development of atopic and gastrointestinal disorders.Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood2010 cohort was followed with 6 years of extensive clinical phenotyping. The 1‐month gut microbiome was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Infantile colic was evaluated at age 3 months by interviews. Clinical endpoints included constipation to age 3 years and prospectively diagnosed asthma and atopic dermatitis in the first 6 years of life, and allergic sensitization from skin prick tests, specific Immunoglobulin E, and component analyses.Of 695 children, 55 children (7.9%) had infantile colic. Several factors were associated with colic including race, breastfeeding, and pets. The 1‐month gut microbiome composition and taxa abundances were not associated with colic, however a sparse Partial Least Squares model including combined abundances of nine species was moderately predictive of colic: median, cross‐validated AUC = 0.627, p = .003. Children with infantile colic had an increased risk of developing constipation (aOR, 2.88 [1.51–5.35], p = .001) later in life, but also asthma (aHR, 1.69 [1.02–2.79], p = .040), atopic dermatitis (aHR, 1.84 [1.20–2.81], p = .005) and had a higher number of positive allergic components (adjusted difference, 116% [14%–280%], p = .012) in the first 6 years. These associations were not mediated by gut microbiome differences.We link infantile colic with risk of developing constipation and atopic disorders in the first 6 years of life, which was not mediated through an altered gut microbiome at age 1‐month. These results suggest infantile colic to involve gastrointestinal and/or atopic mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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47. The causal effect of gut microbiota on hepatic encephalopathy: a mendelian randomization analysis.
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Wu, Jia-Lin, Chen, Jun-Wei, Huang, Ming-Sheng, Deng, Xin-Yi, Deng, Jia-Jun, Lau, Tsz Yu, Cao, Shi-Yu, Ran, Hui-Ying, Jiang, Zai-Bo, and Luo, Jun-Yang
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HEPATIC encephalopathy , *GENOME-wide association studies , *GUT microbiome , *BONFERRONI correction , *DRUG target - Abstract
Background: There is growing evidence for a relationship between gut microbiota and hepatic encephalopathy (HE). However, the causal nature of the relationship between gut microbiota and HE has not been thoroughly investigated. Method: This study utilized the large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics to evaluate the causal association between gut microbiota and HE risk. Specifically, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to identify the causal microbial taxa for HE. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was used as the primary MR analysis. Sensitive analyses were performed to validate the robustness of the results. Results: The IVW method revealed that the genus Bifidobacterium (OR = 0.363, 95% CI: 0.139-0.943, P = 0.037), the family Bifidobacteriaceae (OR = 0.359, 95% CI: 0.133-0.950, P = 0.039), and the order Bifidobacteriales (OR = 0.359, 95% CI: 0.133-0.950, P = 0.039) were negatively associated with HE. However, no causal relationship was observed among them after the Bonferroni correction test. Neither heterogeneity nor horizontal pleiotropy was found in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusion: Our MR study demonstrated a potential causal association between Bifidobacterium, Bifidobacteriaceae, and Bifidobacteriales and HE. This finding may provide new therapeutic targets for patients at risk of HE in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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48. The causal relationship between gut microbiota and constipation: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.
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He, Nan, Sheng, Kai, Li, Guangzhao, and Zhang, Shenghuan
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GENOME-wide association studies , *GUT microbiome , *CONSTIPATION , *ODDS ratio , *DATABASES - Abstract
Background: Constipation is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders afflicting the population, with recent observational studies implicating dysfunction of the gut microbiota in constipation. Despite observational studies indicating a relationship, a clear causality remains unclear. This study aims to use two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) to establish a clearer causal relationship between the two. Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) study was performed using the gut microbiota summary Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) statistics from MiBioGen consortium (n = 13,266) and constipation GWAS summary statistics from the IEU OpenGWAS database. The causality between gut microbiota and constipation is primarily analyzed using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method and reinforced by an additional four methods, including MR-Egger, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode. Finally, funnel plot, heterogeneity test, horizontal pleiotropy test, and leave-one-out test were used to evaluate the reliability of MR results. Results: IVW estimates suggested that the bacterial species Anaerotruncus, Butyricimonas, and Hungatella were causally associated with constipation. The odds ratio (OR) values of Anaerotruncus, Butyricimonas, and Hungatella were 1.08 (95% CI = 1.02–1.13; P = 0.007), 1.07 (95% CI = 1.01–1.13; P = 0.015), 1.03 (95% CI = 1.00-1.06; P = 0.037) respectively. Meanwhile, Ruminiclostridium 9 and Intestinibacter have been shown to be associated with a reduced risk of constipation. The OR of Ruminiclostridium 9 = 0.75(95% CI = 0.73–0.78, P < 0.001 and Intestinibacter of OR = 0.89 (95% CI = 0.86–0.93, P < 0.001). Furthermore, validation by funnel plot, heterogeneity test, and horizontal pleiotropy test showed that MR results were reliable. Conclusion: This is the first Mendelian randomization study to explore the causalities between specific gut microbiota taxa and constipation, and as such may be useful in providing insights into the unclear pathology of constipation which can in turn aid in the search for prevention and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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49. Astragaloside IV Ameliorates Colonic Adenomatous Polyps Development by Orchestrating Gut <italic>Bifidobacterium</italic> and Serum Metabolome.
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Wen, Lu-Ping, Gao, Shao-Wei, Chen, Hua-Xian, Liu, Qi, Xiao, Guo-Zhong, Lin, Hong-Cheng, and He, Qiu-Lan
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ADENOMATOUS polyps , *HIGH-fat diet , *COLON cancer , *GUT microbiome , *TUMOR markers - Abstract
Astragaloside IV (AS-IV), a natural triterpenoid isolated from
Astragalus membranaceus , has been used traditionally in Chinese medicine. Previous studies have highlighted its benefits against carcinoma, but its interaction with the gut microbiota and effects on adenomatous polyps are not well understood. This present study investigates the effects of AS-IV on colonic adenomatous polyp (CAP) development in high-fat-diet (HFD) fed ApcMin∕+ mice. ApcMin∕+ mice were fed an HFD with or without AS-IV or Naringin for 8 weeks. The study assessed CAP proliferation and employed 16S DNA-sequencing and untargeted metabolomics to explore correlations between microbiome and metabolome in CAP development. AS-IV was more effective than Naringin in reducing CAP development, inhibiting colonic proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), tumor associated biomarkers (c-Myc, Cyclin D1), and Wnt/β-catenin pathway proteins (Wnt3a, β-catenin). AS-IV also inhibited the proliferative capabilities of human colon cancer cells (HT29, HCT116, and SW620). Multiomics analysis revealed AS-IV increased the abundance of beneficial genera such asBifidobacterium pseudolongum and significantly modulated serum levels of certain metabolites including linoleate and 2-trans,6-trans-farnesal, which were significantly correlated with the number of CAP. Finally, the anti-adenoma efficacy of AS-IV alone was significantly suppressed post pseudoaseptic intervention in HFD-fed ApcMin∕+ mice but could be reinstated following a combined withBifidobacterium pseudolongum transplant. AS-IV attenuates CAP development in HFD-fed ApcMin∕+ mice by regulating gut microbiota and metabolomics, impacting the Wnt3a/β-catenin signaling pathway. This suggests a potential new strategy for the prevention of colorectal cancer, emphasizing the role of gut microbiota in AS-IV’s antitumor effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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50. Gut microbiome characteristics of women with hypothyroidism during early pregnancy detected by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing and shotgun metagenomic.
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Lin Hu, Yajuan Xu, Jingjing Li, Miao Zhang, Zongzong Sun, Yanjie Ban, Xin Tian, Dong Liu, and Lulu Hu
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Objective: This study aimed to explore the correlation between microbiota dysbiosis and hypothyroidism in early pregnancy by 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing combined with metagenomic sequencing. Methods: Sixty pregnant women (30 with hypothyroidism and 30 normal controls) were recruited for 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and 6 patients from each group were randomly selected for metagenomic sequencing to assess the gut microbiome profile. Results: The 16S rRNA results showed that beta-diversity in the hypothyroidism groupwas decreased. The relative abundances of the Prevotella and Paraprevotella genera increased in the hypothyroidism group, and Blautia predominated in the controls. The metagenomics results revealed that Prevotella_stercorea_CAG_629, Prevotella_hominis, Prevotella_sp_AM34_19LB, etc. were enriched in the hypothyroidism group at the species level. Functional analysis revealed that the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase pdxT subunit module was decreased, and the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) transporter and phospholipase/carboxylesterase modules were strongly enriched in the hypothyroidism group. Hypothyroidism patients had increased C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. The pyridoxal 5'-phosphate synthase pdxT subunit, the SCFA transporter, and the phospholipase/carboxylesterase module were associated with different Prevotella species. Conclusion: In early pregnancy, women with hypothyroidism exhibit microbiota dysbiosis, and Prevotella may affect the metabolism of glutamate, SCFA, and phospholipases, which could be involved in the development of hypothyroidism during pregnancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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