Search

O Vírus da Imunodeficiência Humana é um patógeno que causa uma das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis mais conhecidas no mundo e afeta, principalmente, células imunes, transmitido mediante contato com fluidos de pessoas infectadas. A infecção de gestantes pelo HIV surge como uma problemática alarmante, visto sua capacidade de transmissão vertical. Objetivou-se descrever o perfil epidemiológico das gestantes infectadas pelo HIV, no município de São Luís - MA, no período de 2019 a 2022. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo, quantitativo. Os dados foram obtidos por fichas de notificação compulsórias do SINAN, com informações sobre gestantes HIV positivas, notificadas de 2019 a 2022. Observou-se maior predomínio de casos entre 25 a 35 anos (47,0%), autodeclaradas pardas (76,0%), com ensino médio completo ou superior incompleto (39,2%). Em relação ao período de gestação, 48,6% encontravam-se no terceiro trimestre; 56,3% realizaram o teste antes do pré-natal e 37,4% durante o pré-natal e 89,2% realizaram as consultas de acompanhamento. Cerca de 22,2% realizaram cesárea eletiva, com 37,6% de nascido vivo. A escolaridade, evidência laboratorial do HIV e a evolução da gravidez apresentaram diferenças significativas. Portanto, o acompanhamento pré-natal adequado atua no manejo precoce, diagnosticando e tratando as gestantes infectadas, minimizando os agravos à saúde materna e fetal.

Mesoporous silicas are of great interest in heterogeneous catalysis due to the structural characteristics of their pores and the adjustable catalytic properties that arise from incorporating heteroatoms. The substitution of Zr and Nb into SBA-15 introduces active sites into the material, rendering it a potential catalyst for acid catalysis reactions. However, discussions regarding the acid properties and metal-support interactions in amorphous silicas functionalized with metals are limited in computational chemistry. This study aims to determine the acid strength and charge transfer effects between Zr(IV) and Nb(V) species in mesoporous silica by proposing a representative SBA-15 cluster of type 5–6. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations were conducted using the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)/def2TZVP levels. The model successfully replicated trends from larger clusters, demonstrating that the more grafted onto the silica structure (i.e. have more Si-O-M bonds), the greater the acid strength of the active site. Additionally, it was found that ZrSBA-15 structures are more stable than NbSBA-15 and possess higher acid strength, a trend supported by experimental observations. The results also suggest that Nb(V) species are more effectively stabilized in ZrSBA-15 than SBA-15, likely due to the presence of Zr(IV) centers in ZrSBA-15. This research contribute to a better understanding of how the support affects the stabilization of active phases, paving the way for the rational design of silica-based heterogeneous catalysts.

Urban flooding has been considered one of the most severe natural disasters around the world, and urban greenspaces can provide important flood regulation ecosystem services. In Belo Horizonte (Brazil), the woody vegetation, especially the old-growth Ficus trees, appears to protect an urban park against the flooding of the Arrudas river. Thus, we compared the soil water content, soil water-holding capacity, soil aggregation and porosity among a highly permeable urban park planted with herbaceous and woody species, including Ficus, a semi-permeable parking lot with only Ficus and an impermeable site without trees (Disturbed Site-DS). The soil water content and water holding capacity of the urban park did not differ from that of the Ficus site, but it was lower than DS. These results were correlated with soil organic matter (SOM) content, soil aggregation and porosity, suggesting that Ficus trees play an important role in the hydrological cycle. To understand how the Fiscus species provide such soil permeability, we compared the aboveground plant biomass, soil fertility and soil carbon sequestration (total soil carbon, soil organic matter, humic and fulvic acids and soil isotopic δ13 C) in plots with Ficus and without this species within the park as well as in a preserved urban forest and a disturbed square. The outstanding plant biomass produced by Ficus species explained the high soil carbon sequestration, particularly in humic organic matter, favouring soil aggregation, porosity and water retention. Therefore, Ficus species may be considered an exceptional C-sequestering species, contributing for soil stabilization and the hydrological cycle in urban greenspaces.

Abstract This study assessed the features of the 100 most-cited papers on diabetes mellitus (DM) in dentistry using bibliometric measures. A search of the most cited papers on DM using journals included in the category “Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Medicine” in the Web of Science database up to January 2023 was performed. The complete bibliographic records of the selected papers were exported in plain text or Research Information Systems (RIS) file format. The following bibliometric indicators were collected: title, year, authors, number of citations, mean number of citations, institution, country, continent, study design, journal, impact factor, and keywords. Graphical bibliometric networks were created using the VOSviewer software. The number of citations for the 100 most-cited papers in DM research ranged from 111 to 566. Six papers each had more than 400 citations. Most were observational studies (n = 50) from the United States (USA) (n = 23) and were published in the Journal of Periodontology (30%; n=30). Robert Genco was the most cited author and contributed the most to the top 100 articles (3,653 citations; n = 13). The VOSviewer map of co-authorship showed the existence of clusters in research collaboration. The most prolific institutions were the Universities of Buffalo and Michigan (n = 6 each). “Diabetes mellitus” was the most frequent keyword, with 31 occurrences. In conclusion, the most cited studies that investigated the relationship between dentistry and DM were in periodontology. Observational studies, primarily from the USA, have been the most cited thus far.

O Custo do Ciclo de Vida (CCV) é uma técnica de avaliação de custos associados a um produto, que visa minimizá-los e pode ser usada para selecionar projetos alternativos de construções. O presente trabalho justifica-se pela carência de estudos, no Brasil, sobre os custos das diferentes fases de um empreendimento. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a influência da realização de retrofits sustentáveis nos custos totais de ciclo de vida de edificações residenciais de alto padrão. A análise de CCV foi desenvolvida pelo método do valor presente e envolveu o estudo de duas edificações residenciais. Como resultados, notou-se que os custos associados à operação e manutenção equivalem a mais de 60% dos custos totais das edificações. Percebeu-se que, por meio da redução do consumo de energia operacional, pode-se reduzir o custo total do ciclo de vida desses edifícios. Em relação à viabilidade da implementação das propostas de retrofit, concluiu-se, diante dos resultados, que a implementação de medidas de retrofit em qualquer momento do ciclo de vida de um edifício gerará benefícios ambientais, porém, para que ocorram benefícios econômicos, é preciso que essas medidas sejam adotadas o quanto antes, sendo o ideal serem planejadas desde a fase de concepção de projetos.

Este artigo objetiva analisar os dados da judicialização dos direitos sociais no Laboratório de Prática Jurídica da Universidade Federal de Viçosa/MG (LPJ). Pretendeu-se entender as consequências da individualização/coletivização das políticas públicas na judicialização, suas variáveis e o papel dos escritórios- modelo. Realizaram-se revisão bibliográfica e a coleta de dados dos casos do LPJ e do Sistema de Informações Estratégicas do Judiciário (Tribunal de Justiça de Minas Gerais), de 2010 a 2018, com aprovação ética pelo sistema CEP/CONEP. As conclusões apontam que existe desconfiança nas soluções coletivas e pré- processuais para os direitos sociais; há uma demanda contingente no perfil dos clientes do LPJ; e, por fim, que há oportunidades de benefícios da assistência judiciária gratuita nos Municípios de médio-pequeno porte, em especial no campo dos direitos sociais.

Abstract Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAP) play an important role in the climate system, facilitating the formation of ice within clouds, consequently PBAP may be important in understanding the rapidly changing Arctic. Within this work, we use single-particle fluorescence spectroscopy to identify and quantify PBAP at an Arctic mountain site, with transmission electronic microscopy analysis supporting the presence of PBAP. We find that PBAP concentrations range between 10−3–10−1 L−1 and peak in summer. Evidences suggest that the terrestrial Arctic biosphere is an important regional source of PBAP, given the high correlation to air temperature, surface albedo, surface vegetation and PBAP tracers. PBAP clearly correlate with high-temperature ice nucleating particles (INP) (>-15 °C), of which a high a fraction (>90%) are proteinaceous in summer, implying biological origin. These findings will contribute to an improved understanding of sources and characteristics of Arctic PBAP and their links to INP.

Theobroma cacao plantations are of significant economic importance worldwide, primarily for chocolate production. During the harvest and processing of cocoa beans, they are subjected to fermentation either by microorganisms present in the environment (spontaneous fermentation) or the addition of starter cultures, with different strains directly contributing distinct flavor and color characteristics to the beans. In addition to fungi and bacteria, viruses are ubiquitous and can affect the quality of the fermentation process by infecting fermenting organisms, destabilizing microbial diversity, and consequently affecting fermentation quality. Therefore, in this study, we explored publicly available metatranscriptomic libraries of cocoa bean fermentation in Limon Province, Costa Rica, looking for viruses associated with fermenting microorganisms. Libraries were derived from the same sample at different time points: 7, 20, and 68 h of fermentation, corresponding to yeast- and lactic acid bacteria-driven phases. Using a comprehensive pipeline, we identified 68 viral sequences that could be assigned to 62 new viral species and 6 known viruses distributed among at least nine families, with particular abundance of elements from the Lenarviricota phylum. Interestingly, 44 of these sequences were specifically associated with ssRNA phages (Fiersviridae) and mostly fungi-infecting viral families (Botourmiaviridae, Narnaviridae, and Mitoviridae). Of note, viruses from those families show a complex evolutionary relationship, transitioning from infecting bacteria to infecting fungi. We also identified 10 and 3 viruses classified within the Totiviridae and Nodaviridae families, respectively. The quantification of the virus-derived RNAs shows a general pattern of decline, similar to the dynamic profile of some microorganism genera during the fermentation process. Unexpectedly, we identified narnavirus-related elements that showed similarity to segmented viral species. By exploring the molecular characteristics of these viral sequences and applying Hidden Markov Models, we were capable of associating these additional segments with a specific taxon. In summary, our study elucidates the complex virome associated with the microbial consortia engaged in cocoa bean fermentation that could contribute to organism/strain selection, altering metabolite production and, consequently, affecting the sensory characteristics of cocoa beans.

Objetivo: discutir como a Comissão Científica de Exploração, formada pelo governo monárquico do Brasil entre 1859 e 1861, mobilizou a questão climática em seus trabalhos nas então províncias do Norte do país e como isso rendeu embates com gentes daqueles territórios semiáridos. Metodologia: à luz de pressupostos do campo da História Ambiental e das Ciências, a pesquisa se construiu com base na análise de fontes da referida Comissão, bem como das discussões sobre o clima por parte de estudiosos dessas províncias. Originalidade: a questão climática, por vezes, ainda aparece subvalorizada tanto para a dita Comissão como nas dinâmicas desse território e suas gentes nos meados do século XIX. Esse artigo questiona essa visão ao mostrar como sobretudo as interações com as chuvas e sua escassez foram decisivas nas relações dessa parte do Brasil com o poder monárquico naquele momento. Conclusões: o território semiárido foi um desafio ao projeto de integração do Brasil pelo seu distanciamento biogeográfico e social em relação ao ideal de nação gerado no poder imperial, centrado no Rio de Janeiro. A Comissão Científica buscava levar a ordem imperial para essa área setentrional do Império, e para isso, estudou a questão climática. Isso, porém, não foi algo unilateral desde a Corte, mas foi o centro de vários choques com outros projetos para essa parte do Brasil.

Introducing Myrmex, a hexapod robot designed for autonomous locomotion on unstructured terrains. It was developed a whole-body kinematics model that enables both open-chain and closed-chain control of the robot. This model enhances the flexibility and mobility of the robot. At the moment, Myrmex relies solely on proprioception (encoders and IMU) for adapting its body posture. Despite these sensory limitations, we have successfully applied the model in static and dynamic situations. Static experiments have showcased increased flexibility, allowing the robot to access previously challenging locations. In dynamic scenarios, the hexapod has demonstrated its capability to traverse irregular terrains, effectively exploiting its body mobility. Myrmex adeptly adjusts its posture according to the terrain topology, maintaining the center of gravity projection along the body’s centerline (i.e., same as it in the level walk), thus preserving stability margins during gait. The robot was able to correct its posture on terrain with gradients in any direction relative to the body structure, with only 3 DoF per leg. Importantly, our experiments have underscored the robot’s ability to maintain its posture even in the face of unexpected disturbances in its legs, emphasizing the robustness and reliability of the model.

The Amazon basin, the world’s largest river basin, is a key global climate regulator. Due to the lack of an extensive network of gauging stations, this basin remains poorly monitored, hindering the management of its water resources. Due to the vast extension of the Amazon basin, hydrological modeling is the only viable approach to monitor its current status. Here, we used the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), a process-based and time-continuous eco-hydrological model, to simulate streamflow and hydrologic water balance in an Amazonian watershed where only a few gauging stations (the Jari River Basin) are available. SWAT inputs consisted of reanalysis data based on orbital remote sensing. The calibration and validation of the SWAT model indicated a good agreement according to Nash-Sutcliffe (NS, 0.85 and 0.89), Standard Deviation Ratio (RSR, 0.39 and 0.33), and Percent Bias (PBIAS, −9.5 and −0.6) values. Overall, the model satisfactorily simulated water flow and balance characteristics, such as evapotranspiration, surface runoff, and groundwater. The SWAT model is suitable for tropical river basin management and scenario simulations of environmental changes.

False injections in wildfire plume rise simulations are partly due to the assumed radiant fraction of heat flux being 0.5–25 times higher than observations, according to an evaluation of a common plume rise parameterization against aircraft observations during the 2019 Western US wildfires.

The production efficiency factor is widely used to measure the zootechnical performance of a batch of broilers. The unit cost of production brings new elements to improve efficiency evaluation and financial sustainability for this activity in agriculture. This research aims to evaluate the production efficiency level of the crop to maximize the return on investment. This study uses Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) with the computational processing of the SIAD software (Integrated Decision Support System). The variables selected were poultry housing, age at slaughter, feed consumed, mortality, and unit cost. The chosen output variable was the total available weight. The analysis spans 31 decision-making units (DMUs) composed of integrated producers, unveiling a frontier of efficiency delineated by the most exemplary DMUs. Notably, only two DMUs, specifically DMU 4 and DMU 23, approached the threshold of maximum relative efficiency. This research illuminates the critical role of unit cost in enhancing the assessment of production efficiency and financial sustainability within the agriculture environment. By setting benchmarks for efficient management and operational protocols, our findings serve as a cornerstone for improving practices among less efficient DMUs, contributing significantly to the literature on agricultural efficiency and offering actionable insights for the poultry farming sector.

This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the efficacy of dexlansoprazole (a proton pump inhibitor—PPI) in resolving heartburn, reflux, and other symptoms and complications resulting from gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The study followed PRISMA 2020 and was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020206513). The search strategy used MeSH and free terms appropriately adapted for each database. Only randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included. The Cochrane tool (RoB 2.0) was used to assess the risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was rated using GRADE. Ten RCTs were included. Dexlansoprazole outperformed the placebo and other PPIs in the resolution of heartburn and reflux symptoms in patients with GERD, with benefits during and after treatment, especially in those with moderate and severe symptoms. The meta-analyses indicated that dexlansoprazole at doses of 30 and 60 mg had more 24 h heartburn-free days and nights compared to the placebo medications; no difference was reported between dexlansoprazole at doses of 30 and 60 mg in heartburn-free nights. A low bias risk and a moderate certainty of evidence were observed. This review confirms the therapeutic effect of dexlansoprazole (placebo-controlled) and its improvements in GERD symptoms compared to another PPI. However, the interpretation of the results should be carried out cautiously due to the small number of included studies and other reported limitations.

Abstract Background Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is the leading cause of childhood stroke. We aimed to evaluate whether altered cerebral flow velocities, as measured by transcranial Doppler (TCD), are associated with vaso-occlusive complications in addition to stroke in pediatric SCA patients. Methods We evaluated 37 children aged between 2 and 16 years with SCA who underwent screening for TCD between January 2012 and October 2018. Genotypic profiles and demographic data were collected, TCD examinations were performed during follow-up, and the presence of sickling crises was compared. Survival analyses were performed using simple frailty models, in which each predictor variable was analyzed separately in relation to the occurrence of a sickling crisis. Results The variables related to sickle cell crises in the univariate analysis were peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the middle cerebral artery (MCA), hazard ratio (HR) 1.01 (1.00—1.02) p = 0.04; end-diastolic velocity (EDV) in the MCA, HR 1.02 (1.01—1.04) p = 0.01; time average mean maximum velocity (TAMMV) in the basilar artery (BA), HR 1.02 (1.00—1.04) p = 0.04; hemoglobin, HR 0.49 (0.38—0.65) p

This article presents an analytical solution for calculating the flow rate in water injection wells based on the established thermal profile along the tubing. The intent is to minimize the intrinsic systematic error of classic quasi-static methodologies, which assume that all thermal transience on well completion has passed. When these techniques are applied during the initial hours of injection well operation, it can result in errors higher than 20%. To solve this limitation, the first law of thermodynamics was used to define a mathematical model and a thermal profile was established in the injection fluid, captured by using distributed temperature systems (DTSs) installed inside the tubing. The geothermal profile was also established naturally by a thermal source in the earth to determine the thermal gradient. A computational simulation of the injection well was developed to validate the mathematical solution. The simulation intended to generate the fluid’s thermal profile, for which data were not available for the desired time period. As a result, at the cost of greater complexity, the systematic error dropped to values below 1% in the first two hours of well operation, as seen throughout this document. The code was developed in Phyton, version 1.7.0., from Anaconda Navigator.

Biomass burning (BB) emissions negatively impact the biosphere and human lives. Orbital remote sensing and modelling are used to estimate BB emissions on regional to global scales, but these estimates are subject to errors related to the parameters, data, and methods available. For example, emission factors (mass emitted by species during BB per mass of dry matter burned) are based on land use and land cover (LULC) classifications that vary considerably across products. In this work, we evaluate how BB emissions vary in the PREP-CHEM-SRC emission estimator tool (version 1.8.3) when it is run with original LULC data from MDC12Q1 (collection 5.1) and newer LULC data from MapBiomas (collection 6.0). We compare the results using both datasets in the Brazilian Amazon and Cerrado biomes during the 2002–2020 time series. A major reallocation of emissions occurs within Brazil when using the MapBiomas product, with emissions decreasing by 788 Gg (−1.91% year−1) in the Amazon and emissions increasing by 371 Gg (2.44% year−1) in the Cerrado. The differences identified are mostly associated with the better capture of the deforestation process in the Amazon and forest formations in Northern Cerrado with the MapBiomas product, as emissions in forest-related LULCs decreased by 5260 Gg in the Amazon biome and increased by 1676 Gg in the Cerrado biome. This is an important improvement to PREP-CHEM-SRC, which could be considered the tool to build South America’s official BB emission inventory and to provide a basis for setting emission reduction targets and assessing the effectiveness of mitigation strategies.

The importance of organoselenium compounds has been increasing in synthetic chemistry. These reagents are well-known as electrophiles and nucleophiles in many organic transformations, and in recent years, their functionality as catalysts has also been largely explored. The interest in organoselenium-based catalysts is due to their high efficacy, mild reaction conditions, strong functional compatibility, and great selectivity. Allied to organoselenium catalysts, the use of inorganic and organic oxidants that act by regenerating the catalytic species for the reaction pathway is common. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the last five years of organic transformations promoted by diorganyl diselenide as a selenium-based catalyst. This report is divided into four sections: (1) cyclisation reactions, (2) addition reactions and oxidative functionalisation, (3) oxidation and reduction reactions, and (4) reactions involving phosphorus-containing starting materials.

In the context of countries in the so-called Global South, where passenger railway services are either nonexistent or poorly performed, discrete choice models are useful to identify the attributes that affect users’ choices and provide insights on their behaviour in regional long-distance trips. Several theories and models have been proposed to understand travel behaviour for effective strategical decision in the transport field. The well-knownRandom Utility Maximization (RUM) approach has been widely used for such purposes, while the Random Regret Minimization (RRM) approach has been recently explored in the literature. However, the magnitude in the difference of levels of the attributes, or the stimulus perception, may affect the results of such models and biases the estimations. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the stimulus perception in mode choice to compare conventional rail (CR) and high-speed rail (HSR) services for passenger transport in intercity trips in Brazil. Estimations of RUM and RRM models were performed with a dataset from a stated preference survey comparing two railway technologies (CR and HSR) with other modes of transport (car, bus, and airplanes) for long-distance trips in the Southeast region of Brazil. Findings provide useful insights about the impacts of travel costs, travel times, and frequency of services, as well as sociodemographic characteristics of users. From the modelling outputs, it was found that users are affected by the magnitude of travel costs, time, and frequency only in business trips by HSR in the Brazilian context.

One of the difficulties found in Chemistry teaching, mainly in High School, is to establish relations among society, environment, science and technology. It is notorious and has required Chemistry teachers to have certain skills, including some that refer to several situations in everyday life. Therefore, this study aimed at introducing three methodological proposals to teach the content “methods of mixture separation”. The first proposal aimed at addressing concepts and procedures based on different situations found in everyday life. The second offered students some strategies to encourage them to form different points of view and opinions. It favored both intellectual autonomy and access to production of chemical knowledge collectively and collaboratively (the jigsaw method). The third was related to the use of didactic games to make learning easier. The use of games in Chemistry teaching is a methodology that has been used because it enables students to have pleasure and fun while learning. Four classes of freshmen (first year in High School) that attend the Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro - Campus Uberlândia Centro (IFTM-UDICENTRO), located in Uberlândia, MG, Brazil, took part in this study. Results suggest that all methodologies under investigation are also efficient in online lessons. Teachers can use them all together or individually. In addition, the didactic game under study was adapted so that it could be played in online Chemistry lessons, since the world has still been affected by the infectious disease caused by the coronavirus. The adaptation of the game called “SeparaMix” has not been published in the literature yet). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17807/orbital.v13i5.1650

Objetivo: caracterizar custo de curativo a vácuo como nova tecnologia em tratamentos de feridas em um hospital na região sul de Santa Catarina. Método: estudo de natureza quali-quantitativa, descritiva, composta por 12 prontuário eletrônico de paciente (PEP) do ano de 2020, realizada no mês de setembro de 2021. Resultados: nos PEP, foram encontrados 06 homens (50%) e 6 mulheres (50%) com idade que varia de 36 a 95 anos, sendo 08 deles(70%) idosos. Sendo que 09 destes apresentaram feridas em membros inferiores e 03 em outras regiões do corpo. O tempo de tratamento dos pacientes, variou de 6 a 28 dias. Discussões: o curativo a vácuo é efetivo diante feridas complexas, reduz o tempo de hospitalização do paciente, reduz o custo hospitalar para a instituição. Considerações finais: o paciente terá muitos benefícios com a utilização do curativo a vácuo, visto que diante desta pesquisa foram encontrados resultados positivos quando comparados o custo com seus benefícios.

Spectral wave modelling is widely used to simulate large-scale wind–wave processes due to its low computation cost and relatively simpler formulation, in comparison to phase-resolving or hydrodynamic models. However, some applications require a time-domain representation of sea waves. This article proposes a methodology to transform the wave spectrum into a time series of water surface elevation for applications that require a time-domain representation of ocean waves. The proposed method uses a generated phase spectrum and the inverse Fourier transform to turn the wave spectrum into a time series of water surface elevation. The consistency of the methodology is then verified. The results show that it is capable of correctly transforming the wave spectrum, and the significant wave height of the resulting time series is within 5% of that of the input spectrum.

Objective: to analyze factors related to health behaviors among young students during the pandemic of COVID-19. Methods: cross-sectional study conducted with 282 students aged 18 to 24 years from the Federal Network of Vocational and Technological Education. An electronic form and the Adolescent Health Promotion Scale (Brazilian version) instrument were applied for statistical analysis and multiple linear regressions were used. Results: the overall mean of the scale was 3.29 (Standard deviation (SD)=0.56); the subscales ranged from 2.40 (SD=1.0) physical exercise to 3.76 (SD=0.80) valuing life. We identified that the subscale physical exercise and some items of the subscales social support and responsibility for health presented scores below the mean. Conclusion: according to the theoretical model tested, students in technical courses showed a statistically significant negative relationship in the scores of the general health promotion scale. The subscales of social support, responsibility for health and physical exercise showed statistically significant relationships in relation to the variables gender, age group, family income, level of education and health problem. Contributions to practice: nurses should know the factors related to health behaviors among young students to expand and guide actions, contributing to the improvement of student assistance and care for young people.

Abstract Peripheral facial paralysis (PFP) has been shown to be a neurological manifestation of COVID-19. The current study presents two cases of PFP after COVID-19, along with a rapid review of known cases in the literature. Both case reports were conducted following CARE guidelines. We also performed a systematic review of PFP cases temporally related to COVID-19 using PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases on August 30, 2021, using a rapid review methodology. The two patients experienced PFP 102 and 110 days after COVID-19 symptom onset. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in nasal samples through reverse-transcription real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) testing. Anosmia was the only other neurological manifestation. PFP was treated with steroids in both cases, with complete subsequent recovery. In the rapid review, we identified 764 articles and included 43 studies. From those, 128 patients with PFP were analyzed, of whom 42.1% (54/128) were male, 39.06% (50/128) female, and in 23 cases the gender was not reported. The age range was 18 to 59 (54.68%). The median time between COVID-19 and PFP was three days (ranging from the first symptom of COVID-19 to 40 days after the acute phase of infection). Late PFP associated with COVID-19 presents mild symptoms and improves with time, with no identified predictors. Late PFP should be added to the spectrum of neurological manifestations associated with the long-term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection as a post COVID-19 condition.

The Pantanal biome—a tropical wetland area—has been suffering a prolonged drought that started in 2019 and peaked in 2020. This favored the occurrence of natural disasters and led to the 2020 Pantanal fire crisis. The purpose of this work was to map the burned area’s extent during this crisis in the Brazilian portion of the Pantanal biome using Sentinel-2 MSI images. The classification of the burned areas was performed using a machine learning algorithm (Random Forest) in the Google Earth Engine platform. Input variables in the algorithm were the percentiles 10, 25, 50, 75, and 90 of monthly (July to December) mosaics of the shade fraction, NDVI, and NBR images derived from Sentinel-2 MSI images. The results showed an overall accuracy of 95.9% and an estimate of 44,998 km2 burned in the Brazilian portion of the Pantanal, which resulted in severe ecosystem destruction and biodiversity loss in this biome. The burned area estimated in this work was higher than those estimated by the MCD64A1 (35,837 km2), Fire_cci (36,017 km2), GABAM (14,307 km2), and MapBiomas Fogo (23,372 km2) burned area products, which presented lower accuracies. These differences can be explained by the distinct datasets and methods used to obtain those estimates. The proposed approach based on Sentinel-2 images can potentially refine the burned area’s estimation at a regional scale and, consequently, improve the estimate of trace gases and aerosols associated with biomass burning, where global biomass burning inventories are widely known for having biases at a regional scale. Our study brings to light the necessity of developing approaches that aim to improve data and theory about the impacts of fire in regions critically sensitive to climate change, such as the Pantanal, in order to improve Earth systems models that forecast wetland–atmosphere interactions, and the role of these fires on current and future climate change over these regions.

The açaizeiro is a palm tree present on a large scale in the northern region of Brazil and in others countries, such as Colombia and Peru, its fruit constitutes one of the main forest products of great economic potential to exportation. However, a generation of large amounts of waste during its processing represents a serious environmental problem, since about 365 tons of açaí stone are discarded in landfills daily in Brazil. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of using açaí stone as a substitute of 25% in mass natural sand with filler function, in the development of structural mortars with reference mixture of ratio 1:2:0.45 (cement:sand:water) and waste mixture with1:1.5:0.5:0.45 (cement:sand:açai stone:water), that both mixtures are relationship adopted for structural mortar in the literature. Three different types of mortar were made for evaluation, the reference (without adding stones) and with the addition of natural stone (without treatment and treated with NaOH). After the incorporation of the stones, consistency, water retention, incorporated air content and density in fresh mortars were analyzed, in the fresh state. For evaluation in a hardened state, cylindrical specimens (50 mm × 100 mm) were molded, for compression strength and density tests. The optimum composition was also analyzed with confocal microscopy. It can be seen that in the compression strength tests, mortars with the addition of natural and treated stone showed a reduction, decreasing from 6.25 MPa (reference), to 5.55 MPa (natural stone) and 1.89 MPa (treated stone), this showed that the natural stone mortar was above the minimum of 5.00 MPa reported in the literature. As for density, the evaluations demonstrate a beneficial effect to the incorporation of the stone, which formed lighter mortars, decreasing from 2.12 to 1.79 g/cm3 in the natural composition and 1.85 g/cm3 in the treated composition, in both situations with additions, the values were within the maximum limit of 2 g/cm3 that the literature suggests for structural mortars. In addition, the results of water retention showed an increase in the treated composition (97.28%) in relation to the reference (95.84%), an increase characterized by the treatment in NaOH that reduced the hygroscopic characteristics of the stones, the mixture mortar with treated seed, as well as the reference, presented values above 95%, which is recommended by other studies. The evaluations show that there is a potential for specific structural applications of these mortars, since in all tests the composition with natural stone is within the ideal parameters by Brazilian standard, in addition to helping to solve the environmental impacts caused by discard this waste. As it is a mortar with low compressive strength, its application is suggested for the purpose of repairing specific structural defects that arise in the molding stage of beams, slabs and columns, located in regions with low load demand.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant multisystem neurocutaneous genetic condition. It is characterized by TSC-associated neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, tumors, and angiomyolipoma in multiple organs, such as the skin, lungs, and kidneys. TSC is also associated with the development of aneurysms of the medium and large arteries, including the renal arteries. This condition will usually be diagnosed early in life, and active surveillance is required of tumor and aneurysm growth to prevent life-threatening events. We have presented the case of a 41-year-old patient with TSC that had not been previously diagnosed. The patient had presented with retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to the rupture of two left renal artery branch aneurysms that had likely developed within the angiomyolipoma.

The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review in order to evaluate the main effects of intradialytic physical exercise on different parameters of functional capacity in dialytic patients. The clinical question that guided the objective of this study was developed using the PICO method (Population, Intervention, Comparation and Outcome)." Where i) population: patients on hemodialysis; ii) intervention: physical exercise; iii) comparison: active vs sedentary patients; and iv) outcome: functional capacity. The combinations of the following keywords were used: CKD, physical exercise, exercise, physical training and hemodialysis. The selection of studies was performed using the PubMed database and only studies dating from 2011 to 2021 were selected. The search results led to 53 studies. The following steps were carefully analyzed, such as the title, abstract and the full paper description to evaluate whether they met the following inclusion criteria: i) target audience of the studies should be patients on hemodialysis; ii) outcomes that analyze different parameters of functional capacity; iii) Intervention using physical exercise; and iii) intradialytic exercise. The final results indicate that intradialytic physical exercise can cause significant changes in the evaluated outcomes of functional capacity, such as increased strength, improvement of cardiorespiratory function, and improvement of locomotor activity. It was concluded that intradialytic training protocols should be encouraged in clinical practices because they are responsible for causing beneficial changes in the functional capacity of hemodialytic patients.

Abstract Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) are widely distributed throughout the Americas, being dependent on forested areas to survive. Although ocelot ecology is broadly studied throughout the species range distribution, studies concerning factors that may affect ocelot occupancy in the Atlantic Forest are still scarce. We used camera traps to evaluate factors influencing the probabilities of detection and occupancy of ocelots in a protected area of the Atlantic Forest, the Rio Doce State Park (RDSP), southeastern Brazil. To assess ocelot occupancy and detection probabilities, we measured the distances between sampling stations and rivers, lakes, cities, pasture, and Eucalyptus plantations. In addition, we recorded the mean rainfall levels for each sampling occasion, and native grassland areas within a 500 m‐buffer around each sampling station. We found a strong and positive association between ocelot detection and the dry season, which might be due to a higher number of individuals moving through the Park during this season. Moreover, we found a strong and positive association of ocelot detection with native grassland areas around lakes, which may be related to the ocelot behavior of searching for prey in these areas. Conversely, the ocelot occupancy probability was intermediate (Ψ^ = 0.53, 95% CI = 0.36–0.69) and was not strongly associated with the evaluated covariates, which may be explained by the high‐quality of forest habitats and water resources that are homogeneously distributed within the Park. Our study indicates that the RDSP still provides a structurally suitable forest habitat for ocelots, but because of the current worrying scenario of over fragmentation, reduction of forest cover, and weakness of the protective legislation of this biome, the long‐term persistence of the species in RDSP is uncertain.

Abstract This study presents an improved extremum‐seeking control (ESC) method, intended to optimise the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) in a photovoltaic (PV) generation system. More specifically, to overcome the problem associated with partial shading in PV systems that leads to multiple operating points, an adaptive loop based on the measured PV array power is added to the conventional ESC. This procedure creates a variable amplitude of the perturbation signal and is able to accurately reach and track the global maximum power point (GMPP). The perturbation signal amplitude changes only when a predetermined power variation value is exceeded. As a result, this MPPT algorithm provides an efficient extraction of solar energy, avoids large oscillations in output response, and ensures the proper operation and performance of the system. The ESC theory is described in detail and the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach are proved through simulation and experimental results. Furthermore, comparative tests show the proposed method's performance improvement, compared to the conventional ESC, evaluated in terms of convergence time, power oscillation in steady state, and accuracy to track the GMPP.

This article presents evidence on the importance of prioritizing the fulfilment of the potential of Paraguay's energy sector as an engine of development. The analyses we carry out and present in this article show that prioritizing actions to improve the country's performance in indicators linked to the development goals of the 2030 Agenda proposed by the SDGs, Paraguay could be- nefit from systemic impacts in various areas of development, some of which are lagging behind. Three of the four objectives with the greatest influence in meeting systemic development goals are energy sector-related goals. The article presents the usefulness of the implementation of impact analysis methodologies in the Paraguayan context and proposes avenues to delve into the line of research presented.

Abstract Background: Patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been considered a potential mechanism of embolic stroke of undetermined origin. Objective: The aim of the present study was to identify the features of the right-to-left shunt (RLS) in patients with undetermined embolic ischemic stroke and compare them with those of patients with non-cardioembolic ischemic stroke. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with 168 patients with stroke and RLS separated into the following two groups: the undetermined embolic stroke group (UES group) and non-cardioembolic stroke group (NCES group). All patients were assessed by transcranial Doppler to evaluate the presence and quantification of microembolic signals (MES) at rest and under Valsalva maneuver. Results: Of all patients evaluated in the current study, 96 were included in the UES group and 72 in the NCES group. In the UES group, 65 patients had RLS with ≥10 MES (67.7%), which was higher than that observed in the NCES group (51.4%, p=0.038). According to the moment of the cardiac cycle, 75 patients (78.1%) in the UES group had a positive test at rest compared to 42 (58.3%) in the NCES group (p=0.007). Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that almost 70% of patients with undetermined embolic stroke and PFO presented a large RLS and more than 75% had RLS at rest. These findings suggest that the size of the shunt should be taken into account when evaluating whether PFO could be a possible mechanism underlying cryptogenic stroke.

A Bacia do Alto Paraguai (BAP) possui três regiões distintas: o Planalto, o Pantanal e o Chaco. O Pantanal é o maior sistema contínuo de zonas úmidas do mundo e maioria desses ecossistemas são extremamente sensíveis aos aspectos da sazonalidade das chuvas. Para explicar a relação entre as variações das áreas alagadas anuais com os dados de precipitação de toda a BAP, foram utilizados dados de precipitação do Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation Station (CHIRPS) analisados em bimestres, trimestre e quadrimestres com a área alagada do Pantanal, onde foi possível verificar que as análises bimestrais Janeiro/Fevereiro (J/F) e Fevereiro/Março (F/M) apresentaram uma correlação de 0,71 e 0,62, respectivamente, explicando em até 50% as variações das áreas alagadas no bioma. Trimestralmente, os meses Janeiro/Fevereiro/Março (J/F/M) explicaram 61% das variações das áreas alagadas. Em relação às análises dos quadrimestres, Janeiro/Fevereiro/Março/Abril (J/F/M/A) explicaram 69% das áreas alagadas.

Abstract Introduction The presence of microembolic signals (MES) during the acute phase of stroke is poorly understood, and its role and clinical application in relation to risk stratification and prognosis in patients remain uncertain. We assessed the prevalence of spontaneous MES in acute stroke and their relationship with risk stratification, stroke recurrence, morbidity, and mortality. Patients and methods This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the Stroke Unit. The MES presence was evaluated by transcranial Doppler (TCD) in patients with ischemic stroke within 48 h. The outcomes (risk stratification, morbidity, mortality, and recurrence of a stroke) were followed up for 6 months. The relationship between risk stratification and MES was obtained by odds ratios and that between MES and stroke recurrence, morbidity, and mortality using multiple logistic regression; considering statistical significance at P

This paper presents a safe control applied to a reaction wheel pendulum, assuring that the system satisfies stability objectives and safety constraints. Safety constraints are specified in terms of a set invariance and verified through control barrier functions (CBFs). The existence of a CBF satisfying specific conditions implies set invariance. The control framework considered unifies stability objectives, expressed as a nominal control law, and safety constraints, expressed as a CBF, through quadratic programming (QP). The work focuses on safety; thus, the nominal control law applied was a simple linear quadratic regulator (LQR). The safety constraint is considered to guarantee that the pendulum angular position never exceeds a predetermined value. The control framework was applied and analyzed considering continuous-time and discrete-time situations. The results from numerical simulations and experimental tests indicate that the pendulum is well stabilized while satisfying a safety constraint when forced to leave the safe set.

Nesse estudo apresenta-se uma análise da Educação Comparada a partir do material básico apresentado na disciplina “Introdução aos Estudos de Educação Comparada e Internacional” do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação, da UNESP, campus de Marília/SP, voltado principalmente para a investigação e os procedimentos metodológicos. Em seguida apresenta-se uma síntese das pesquisas selecionadas sobre a temática expostas pelos estudantes da pós-graduação. Por meio da análise de conteúdo o estudo revelou que a Educação Comparada, como viés de pesquisa interdisciplinar, requer esquemas que estejam amparados em estudos que contemplem aspectos sociais, políticos e culturais, passando pela crítica reflexiva, pela compreensão das especificidades da educação, bem como pelas tendências, influências internas e externas, e os desafios da Educação Comparada na conjectura educacional do Brasil e do mundo. A análise permite inferir que os estudos voltados para essa metodologia não buscam tão somente encontrar semelhanças ou diferenças, mas promover discussões aprofundadas acerca do papel da Educação Comparada para o desenvolvimento educacional e sua influência na história da educação, permeando desafios, possibilidades e contribuições.

A garantia da participação social dos idosos por meio do acesso às atividades urbanas tem papel fundamental na promoção do envelhecimento saudável, especialmente em um contexto de maior crescimento dessa parcela da população. Este artigo tem o objetivo de identificar e analisar os padrões de deslocamento urbano a pé de indivíduos maiores de 50 anos e suas variações entre macrorregiões e cidades de diferentes estratos populacionais no Brasil. Modelos mistos e não-mistos de regressão binomial negativo inflacionado de zeros foram estimados utilizando-se o banco de dados do Estudo Longitudinal da Saúde dos Idosos Brasileiros (ELSI) para identificar a existência de heterogeneidades no contexto nacional e analisar os fatores que afetam a escolha pela caminhada, assim como a intensidade daqueles que caminham. Resultados evidenciam a dificuldade de se locomover como principal fator relacionado à escolha pela caminhada, enquanto a segurança pública, qualidade das calçadas e risco de atravessar a rua diminuem o tempo semanal de caminhada.

In recent decades, there has been an increase in environmental problems caused by cosmetic products derived from toxic substances. Based on this issue, researchers and developers of new beauty cosmetics are looking for new natural alternatives that work well for the consumer and have biodegradable characteristics. This systematic review highlights the major publications of bacterial cellulose used strictly for cosmetics in the last 10 years. Bacterial cellulose is a natural product with great cosmetic properties and low cost that has shown excellent results. This study aimed at collecting rigorous information on bacterial cellulose in the cosmetic field in the last decade to produce a systematized review. A comprehensive search was conducted with selected descriptors involving the topic of “bacterial cellulose”, “cosmetics”, “clean beauty”, and “skin mask”. Seventy studies were found, which went through exclusion criteria that selected only those related to the topic that was searched. In the 12 remaining studies that met the criteria, bacterial cellulose showed conditions for use as a mask-forming product for facial care. The increase in the number of publications concerning bacterial cellulose in cosmetics in the last ten years is a strong indicator that this is a growing area for both research and the industry.

Computer Vision (CV) algorithms are overwhelmingly presented as efficient, impartial, and desirable further developments of datafication and automation. In reality, hegemonic CV is a particular way of seeing that operates under the goal of identifying and naming, classifying and quantifying, and generally organizing the visual world to support surveillance, be it military or commercial. This paradigm of Computer Vision forms a ‘common sense’ that is difficult to break from, and thus requires radical forms of antagonism. The goal of this article is to sketch how refusing CV can be part of a counter-hegemonic practice – be it the refusal to work or other, more creative, responses. The article begins by defining hegemonic CV, the ‘common sense’ that frames machine seeing as neutral and impartial, while ignoring its wide application for surveillance. Then, it discusses the emergent notion of refusal, and why critical technical practice can be a useful framework for questioning hegemonic sociotechnical systems. Finally, several potential paths for refusing hegemonic CV are outlined by engaging with different layers of the systems’ 'stack.'

Este artigo tem como objetivo descrever o processo de elaboração do Plano de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PDI) da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC) para os anos de 2020 a 2024. A pesquisa configura-se como estudo de caso ex-post facto de abordagem qualitativa. Por meio da coleta e análise de dados observa-se que a UFSC, na ausência de uma metodologia que abordasse sua estrutura complexa, desenvolveu uma metodologia própria para a elaboração do seu planejamento estratégico. O mapa estratégico é estruturado de forma matricial em que as colunas referem-se às áreas fim da Universidade e a gestão, e as linhas referem-se às áreas transversais prioritárias. Como forma de dar suporte, à base dessa estrutura estão os recursos de governança. Tal estrutura culminou em 55 objetivos institucionais, desdobrados em um conjunto de iniciativas estratégicas, indicadores de desempenho e metas anuais. O processo de elaboração foi participativo e democrático, contando com mais de 2.300 participações de toda a comunidade universitária.

Book Review WAKILD, Emily; BERRY, Michelle K. A Primer for Teaching Environmental History: Ten Design Principles. Durham & London: Duke University Press, 2018.

Roughly 789 million people have no access to energy, and around 2.8 billion people lack access to clean cooking solutions according to the World Bank, and so we also find many people that cannot afford energy (reliable and clean) at the current prices. In the literature, accessibility, availability, and affordability are underlined as the key drivers of energy poverty. In South America, these aspects have not been studied in depth. This research is relevant because it provides a standardized, cross-country, and comparable analysis of multidimensional energy poverty in the region. The study of energy poverty is critical for the development and well-being of countries, especially in regions such as South America, where this issue can be affected by geographical, cultural, infrastructure, and/or socio-economic differences. In this study, we measured the magnitude of energy poverty in Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay, and Paraguay. This methodology is based on the analysis of energy poverty through a multidimensional approach, considering three parameters as drivers of energy poverty in the countries: accessibility, availability, and affordability. Through a two-step process, first, we calculate the Weighted Average Energy Poverty Index (WAEPI), based on three proposed scenarios (W1, W2, and W3), and finally, through the Composite Energy Poverty Index (CEPI), we measure the existing gaps, based on the selected indicators, between the countries under study and the benchmark country. Additionally, we decided to focus our analysis on the country that has shown the highest level and gaps on multidimensional energy poverty in the region, as a case study to validate the results obtained through the chosen methodology. The results show that during the period of analysis (2000–2016), Paraguay has been the most energy-poor country among the countries under study, while Argentina has been the least energy-poor country. At the local level, we observed that, Paraguay, despite being one of the largest producers and exporters of clean hydroelectric energy in the region, still presents high levels of consumption of biomass or coal for cooking, while electricity only represents 17% of the total final energy consumption in the country (biomass and fossil fuels account for 83%). These results could lead the design of energy policies, projects, and programs to reduce the multidimensional energy poverty, nationally, also at the common platform: MERCOSUR. Finally, this study includes an analysis of policy implications and alternative solutions to eradicate energy poverty in the region.

A Síndrome Cólica é um conjunto de sintomas e sinais clínicos que juntamente associados à histórico clínico do animal refletem aspectos fisiológicos no trato gastrointestinal que evidenciam o desconforto abdominal, resultando em enfermidades que afetam os equinos. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar um caso de síndrome cólica causada por obstrução que, consequentemente, levou ao deslocamento de intestino grosso, nas porções de flexura pélvica e ceco. A paciente teve cólica recidiva, com causa primária de um lipoma encontrado no interior das alças intestinais, na região do cólon menor.

A região do Pontal do Paranapanema, localizada no Oeste do Estado de São Paulo, possui 117 assentamentos rurais frutos do processo de Reforma Agrária, se configurando como uma das regiões do Brasil onde a questão agrária se torna mais latente, sobretudo pela concentração de assentamentos rurais e quantidade de família assentadas. Diante disso, nos chama a atenção as discussões sobre as formas de reprodução destas famílias camponesas, das quais destaca-se a subordinação ao capital agroindustrial, levando-os à integração por meio da produção de pepinos para conserva. Os resultados da pesquisa revelam a subordinação da renda e do trabalho das famílias mostrando como essa dinâmica de produção controla o tempo, a produção e o trabalho e como coloca em risco a saúde das famílias pela quantidade de agrotóxicos utilizados.

How dietary β-mannans are utilized by gut Gram-positive bacteria is unclear. Here, the authors uncover the enzymatic pathway for β-mannan metabolism in Roseburia intestinalis and show that these polysaccharides promote beneficial gut bacteria, highlighting a potential for β-mannan-based therapeutic interventions.