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In the paper results of studies of MnFe2O4/MCM-41 nanocomposites have been presented. The infiuence of manganese ferrite loading on changes of porous properties of mesoporous MCM-41 structure was studied by means of N2 sorption/desorption method and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy. Disappearance of the longest-lived ortho-positronium component (τ5) of pure MCM-41 mesoporous material in the positron annihilation lifetime spectra of MnFe2O4/MCM-41 measured in vacuum is a result of either o-Ps quenching or the Ps inhibition mechanism. Filling of pores in the studied nanocomposites by air at ambient pressure causes partial reappearance of the (τ5) component except for the sample with maximum ferrite content. Both the (τ5) component lifetime and intensity are suppressed together with increasing MnFe2O4 content by chemical quenching and inhibition of Ps formation occur. Observed anti-quenching effect of air is a result of two processes: neutralization of some surface active centres acting as inhibitors and considerably weaker paramagnetic quenching by O2 molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Platinum-containing nanocomposites have been obtained by in situ platinum ions reduction with silicon hydride groups grafted to silica surface. Effect of metal content in the composite on the size of formed nanoparticles was studied using transmission electron microscopy. Properties of modified silica surface and changes occurring during metal ions reduction were investigated by infrared spectroscopy. Platinum-containing nanocomposites were characterized with X-ray diffraction analysis and temperature-programmed reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of the silica materials were used for the preparation of iron oxides. The MCM-48 type silica support and wide-pore silica gel were impregnated with iron nitrates. The samples were investigated by the nitrogen adsorption/desorption method, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. Redox properties were studied by the temperature programmed reduction method. Strongly dispersed hematite was evidenced on the supports. An application of the MCM-48 silica mesoporous materials led to the development of the oxide phases within the ordered porous structure. The detailed temperature programmed reduction studies evidenced slight differences of the redox properties of the species located within the silica templates and after their removal. Magnetic properties of iron oxides were related to the porous structure of the silica supports. The Mössbauer study of high surface area materials Fe/SiO2 and Fe/MCM-48 type silicate templates revealed existence of ferro- and superparamagnetic phases. The relative contribution of the superparamagnetic doublet component in Mössbauer spectra is 15% and 80% for Fe/SiO2/c and Fe/MCM-48/c samples, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct methanation of CO 2 over ceria- and alumina-supported nickel catalysts in the feed stream containing methane and traces of H 2 S is reported. Stability tests for 20 h at 350 and 600 °C with a packed-bed reactor showed high resistance of the catalysts to sintering processes. Higher conversion at 350 °C was observed for ceria supported nickel catalyst. Thermodynamic analysis indicated that CO 2 contained in biogas can be converted to methane without carbon formation under specific reaction conditions. An introduction of CH 4 to CO 2 -H 2 feed stream led to the decrease in CO 2 conversion and CH 4 selectivity. An introduction of the trace amounts of H 2 S into the feed stream led to the fast drop of CO 2 conversion and CH 4 selectivity; higher durability (20 %) was observed for Al 2 O 3 than CeO 2 supported catalysts. An improved performance of catalysts coated onto high-pressure microchannel microreactors for the direct CO 2 methanation reaction applying model biogas mixture was demonstrated., (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

This article deals with a quantitative analysis of thermodesorption spectra of ammonia: a technique commonly applied to study the surface acidity of solids. The method used for determination of adsorption energy distributions of ammonia is the same as that published recently for the case of hydrogen thermodesorption (Panczyk, T.; et al. Langmuir 2005, 21, 7311). The developed theoretical expression describing the thermodesorption process is based on the statistical rate theory (SRT) and its analysis leads to the conclusion that majority of thermodesorption processes, carried out under flow conditions, are in fact quasi-equilibrium ones. Similar conclusion has already been drawn by some authors applying the classical absolute rate theory (ART) for analysis of thermodesorption data. This conclusion has important practical consequences. Namely, it greatly simplifies the quantitative analysis of thermodesorption processes since there is no need to use any kinetic approaches to that purpose. The quantitative analysis of thermodesorption spectra can thus be based on commonly accepted relations following from equilibrium thermodynamics. It is worth noting that in quasiequilibrium conditions either the SRT or the ART lead to this same expression with only a slightly different meaning of some constants. Thus, in quasiequilibrium conditions there is no need to decide which theoretical approach should be applied. As an illustration, the ammonia thermodesorption spectra from the modified nickel catalysts are analyzed. The catalysts were prepared by the coprecipitation method and differ by the amount of MgO and NiO, whereas the amount of Al(2)O(3) is constant and equals 30%. It was stated that the presence of MgO reduces the number of acid centers corresponding to high values of ammonia adsorption energy.

The thermodesorption spectra of hydrogen from coprecipitated catalysts (70-x)NiO-xMgO-30Al(2)O(3) (x = 0-50%(wt)) are reported. The catalysts were calcined at 400 degrees C and reduced with H(2) at 20-800 degrees C and for 3 h at 800 degrees C. NiO reduction degree was between 49.3 and 92.1%. The active surface areas changed from 8.4 to 32.4 m(2)/g whereas mean size of nickel crystallites was between 3.7 and 9.7 nm. The TPD spectra were next analyzed in order to determine the adsorption energy distributions functions. To obtain these functions a theoretical model of adsorption/desorption kinetics based on the statistical rate theory (SRT) was applied. This approach allows for determination of the adsorption energy at nonequilibrium conditions as well as at quasiequilibrium conditions. The resulting distribution functions reveal the presence of two main bands of adsorption energy. Some correlation is found between the determined distributions of adsorption energy and the size of nickel crystallites determined using the XRD method. The presence of MgO favors creation of high energy adsorption sites on Ni crystallites.